CN103591944B - A kind of arcuate building measures construction method - Google Patents
A kind of arcuate building measures construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103591944B CN103591944B CN201310569567.6A CN201310569567A CN103591944B CN 103591944 B CN103591944 B CN 103591944B CN 201310569567 A CN201310569567 A CN 201310569567A CN 103591944 B CN103591944 B CN 103591944B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C15/00—Surveying instruments or accessories not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C13/00
- G01C15/02—Means for marking measuring points
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Abstract
<b> the invention discloses a kind of arcuate building and measures construction method, comprise the step of drawing surving coordinate arrangenent diagram, mark main axis reference mark coordinate, tested point coordinate, and coordinate is inputted the step of total powerstation, the step etc. of on-the-spot location survey, its beneficial effect is, successful in utilization surveying instrument and computing machine </b><bGreatT.Gre aT.GTCAD</b><bGr eatT.GreaT.GT software, advanced technology, there is obvious Social benefit and economic benefit.</b>
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of arcuate building and measure construction method, be applicable to the various forms of arcuate building such as circular arc, ellipse, and the construction survey location of various forms of structures.
Background technology
Along with improving constantly of modern architecture design level, architecture structure form more and more diversification, technicalization and three-dimensional.Therefore; in building engineering construction measuring process; we often can run into the comparatively complicated buildings of some planes, vertical design, and such as arc, ellipse etc., especially on the large public building such as gymnasium, show room, major part have employed arc or elliptic design.The simple geometry figure such as rectangle, circle that the architecture construction unwrapping wire of this type is more general wants complicated, and the surveying setting-out method adopted differs, and some methods are very loaded down with trivial details, and the precision of unwrapping wire is also difficult to be guaranteed.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to, for the problems referred to above, provide a kind of arcuate building to measure construction method.
For realizing this technical purpose, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of arcuate building measures construction method, it is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
1. draw the step of surving coordinate arrangenent diagram:
1.1 draw surving coordinate arrangenent diagram in CAD software, embody main building axis line, frame column, unique point in figure;
1.2 are doomed site coordinate in CAD figure acceptance of the bid, all point coordinate are converted to construction coordinate, Survey control point coordinate are also converted to construction coordinate simultaneously;
2. mark main axis reference mark coordinate, tested point coordinate, and coordinate inputted the step of total powerstation:
2.1, according to the building operation coordinate diagram of drawing, determine main axis, main Control point that in-site measurement unwrapping wire needs;
The 2.2 coordinate control points provided according to construction unit, measure the Distance geometry angle of this reference mark to each transverse and longitudinal crossing point of axes through calculating, list records;
Reference mark coordinate after all conversions, anchor point construction coordinate are carried out classifying and numbering by 2.3, and input in total powerstation storage system;
3. the step of on-the-spot location survey
The 3.1 planning building line provided according to construction unit or reference mark, city, adopt secondary complete loop to measure the coordinate figure of each tracerse point;
3.2 according to the tracerse point measured, and according to master plan, first layer plane figure and basement structure foundation plan, determines buildings main axis main Control point position with the setting out of total powerstation;
3.3 according to anchor point and reference mark relative position relation, select with anchor point close together and the good main Control point of intervisibility as survey station, after having set up total powerstation, the coordinate of main Control point is recalled from total powerstation storage system, be set to survey station point coordinate, using other any main Control point as backsight point, the setting out of total powerstation is used to survey the position on the spot setting out each anchor point;
3.4, when after basic earthwork excavation, adopt axis method accurately to make locating point position on blinding layer, place prism bar, directly measure the coordinate of prism location by total station survey function at foundation ditch estimated position place;
3.5 floor unwrapping wire adopt internal control method to measure:
3.5.1 the laying of internal locus of control, on buildings first layer plane, according to periphery determination of control point main axis, arranges more than three internal locus of controls at distance main axis 1 meter of, adopts 200 ㎝ × 200 ㎝ steel plates as a bit flag;
3.5.2, after internal locus of control is laid, determine the accurate location of internal locus of control according to buildings periphery tracerse point total powerstation, identify with cross-hatch; And record the mutual relationship data of Distance geometry angle between internal locus of control;
Reserve 200 ㎝ holes, ㎝ × 200 when 3.5.3 installing template and be used for internal locus of control Vertical, concrete location is reserved in first floor internal locus of control vertical direction; Laser plummet is used to measure; Each internal control re-uses total powerstation and positions a little each floor axis point after throwing dbullioscope.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is, successful in utilization surveying instrument and computing machine CAD software, advanced technology, has obvious Social benefit and economic benefit.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the surving coordinate schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the construction coordinate arrangenent diagram in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the main Control point arrangenent diagram in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is that the camber line in the embodiment of the present invention quantitatively waits component.
Fig. 5 is the internal locus of control arrangenent diagram in the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Be described in further details below in conjunction with to the present invention.
Engineering method feature of the present invention is:
(1) in computer A UTOCAD software, use marking Function to mark the coordinate of arbitrfary point on curved line, greatly reduce office work management amount, improve the degree of accuracy of coordinate.
(2) set up the main axis of buildings, gone out the position on the spot of each arc point by the accurate setting-out of coordinate of two or more main axis point, guarantee that the relative position between each layout point is correct, reduce and measure rough error.
(3) use total station survey, directly can read flat distance and coordinate figure between 2 from total powerstation, both can eliminate steel ruler and measure the measuring error that distance produces, while can improve the accuracy of layout point setting-out.
(4) use total station survey, utilize storage and the writing function of total powerstation, in indoor first by the coordinate of all layout point input instrument, can recall fast during measurement, reduce the field work time, increase work efficiency.
Principle of work of the present invention is: the axis, principal character point, frame column etc. of accurate Drawing architectural working drawing in computer A UTOCAD software, determine the coordinate of anchor point, then by point functions such as the camber line in CAD software, marking Function, coordinate a little and reference point distance are marked out to each unique point.When field survey, according to the surving coordinate reference mark established, use advanced total powerstation, directly input treats that layout point coordinate positions measurement.On the basis using advanced instrument, effectively metering system, substantially reach information-based and measure requirement.
Its technological process is as follows:
1. measure and prepare
1.1 are equipped with survey engineer and measure support personnel, and used surveying instrument is re-started to calibrating, corrects, and Project Technical responsible official confide a technological secret to survey crew.
Measurement original measurement data, construction design drawing that 1.2 collection construction units and supervisor provide, the planning building red line that reception planning unit provides or city coordinate control point.
1.3 survey crews are familiar with measuring original measurement data, engineering construction drawing.
1.4 prospectings are on-the-spot, understand on-the-spot surrounding building, Obstacle Position.Selected position of laying reference mark.
The associated materials such as timber, reinforced concrete pile that 1.5 prefabricated surveying works need.
2. draw surving coordinate arrangenent diagram.
2.1 install AUTOCAD software in a computer.According to building, structural drawing accurate Drawing construction account coordinate arrangenent diagram, in figure, the key elements such as main building axis line, frame column, unique point must be embodied.Or adopt the construction main flat face arrangenent diagram that designing unit provides.
2.2 are doomed site coordinate in CAD figure acceptance of the bid, all point coordinate are converted to construction coordinate, Survey control point are also converted to construction coordinate simultaneously.
(1) in surving coordinate arrangenent diagram, select one and the equidirectional long axis of Y-axis, draw a horizontal line from the crossing point of axes of this axis and any X-direction, click the angular dimension in mark hurdle, mark long axis and horizontal angle θ.
(2) click the rotation key in AUTOCAD with mouse, select overall surving coordinate arrangenent diagram, specify O point to be basic point, anglec of rotation θ, can draw construction coordinate arrangenent diagram.
(3) AUTOCAD toolbar is selected with mouse, newly-built UCS key in click tools hurdle, click initial point key again, occur in the display field of below specifying new initial point < 0,0, after 0 >, specify the crossing point of axes of lower right-hand corner in construction coordinate arrangenent diagram with cursor, this point is the origin position of construction coordinate system, and coordinate is (0,0,0).
3. mark main axis reference mark coordinate, tested point coordinate, and coordinate inputted total powerstation.
3.1, according to the building operation coordinate diagram of drawing, determine main axis, main Control point that in-site measurement unwrapping wire needs.With the axis of symmetry of buildings for main axis, then establish main Control point on main axis, as in Fig. 3, AB, CD line is main axis, then on main axis, establish A, B, C, D, O main Control point, or with planning building line for main axis.On-the-spot coordinate main Control point adopts 200 × 200 × 1000 ㎝ Prefabricated reinforced concrete square columns, and fix with concrete, steel pipe is gone along with sb. to guard him.
3.2 make Along ent on camber line on construction coordinate figure, and mark out the chord length of Along ent.
(1) in the AUTOCAD residing for construction coordinate arrangenent diagram, first open Object Snap key, in Object Snap pattern, select node identification.
(2) use point shortcut DIV such as fixed number, by selecting the garden arc that will carry out decile after enter key, then input needs mean line hop count, can obtain Along ent.
(3) connect the two-end-point of adjacent two Along ents and arc with line segment successively, draw the chord length of each segmental arc.
(4) chord length that " linear dimension " marks each arc on camber line is applied.Application " Labeling Coordinate " marks the fixed coordinate of each decile.When checking with some position for the construction line-putting.
The 3.3 coordinate control points provided according to construction unit, measure the Distance geometry angle of this reference mark to each transverse and longitudinal crossing point of axes through calculating, list records.Distance is air line distance, in units of mm; Angle, with the angle of fixed-direction, is accurate to second, through audit errorless after, carry out field operation testing.
Reference mark coordinate after all conversions, anchor point construction coordinate are carried out classifying and numbering by 3.4, and input in total powerstation storage system.
4. on-the-spot location survey
The survey of 4.1 site control points is established.The planning building line provided according to construction unit or reference mark, city, adopt secondary complete loop to measure the coordinate figure of each tracerse point, each technical indicator value of tracerse survey must meet code requirement.
4.2 according to the tracerse point measured, and survey crew uses total powerstation, according to master plan, first layer plane figure and basement structure foundation plan, determines buildings main axis main Control point position with the setting out of total powerstation.Total powerstation is erected at O point again, measure Distance geometry ∠ AOB, the ∠ COD of O point and A, B, C, D point, ∠ BOA, ∠ DOC angle value respectively, compare with design load, as error exceeds permissible value scope, then need to carry out calibration to a position, after self-inspection is qualified, transfer to supervisor to carry out testing line.Test line qualified after, survey crew can carry out despotic network survey establish.
4.3 anchor point initial measurements, according to anchor point and reference mark relative position relation, select with anchor point close together and the good main Control point of intervisibility as survey station, after having set up total powerstation, the coordinate of main Control point is recalled from total powerstation storage system, be set to survey station point coordinate, using other any main Control point as backsight point, use the setting out of total powerstation to survey the position on the spot setting out each anchor point.Anchor point can adopt end face be 5 ㎝ × 5 ㎝ timbers as mark, accurately some position is iron nail position in stake.Basic gray line is released by on-the-spot carpenter.
4.4 foundation platform position unwrapping wire.When after basic earthwork excavation, adopt axis method accurately to make locating point position on blinding layer, place prism bar at foundation ditch estimated position place, directly measure the coordinate of prism location by total station survey function, when measuring the axis of North and South direction, the size of observation Y value, the distance of the difference of mobile observation value and actual value, does not consider moving direction, equally when measuring the axis of east-west direction, the size of observation X value, the distance of the difference of mobile observation value and actual value, does not consider moving direction.After same direction measuring point two points, line is axial location, and the intersection point of line is the accurate location of anchor point.When basis is pile foundation, the same position adopting axis method to determine axis and anchor point.
More than 4.5 ± 0.000 elevation transmission, adopt steel ruler directly to measure method, if vertical direction has outshot, when being not easy to draw chi, adopt suspention steel ruler method too.Every layer height at least establishes two or more leveling point, and importing error twice must meet code requirement, otherwise independent testing twice.Every layer all adopts the first floor to unify spot elevation and upwards transmit, must not successively upwards measure, and check layer by layer, vertically construct with horizontal primary concreting because more than ± 0.000 structure adopts, geodesic structure 0.500m reference mark destroyed by fixing vertical reinforcement, control for structure construction mark sequence, and must check errorless.
4.6 floor unwrapping wire adopt internal control method to measure.
(1) laying of internal locus of control.On buildings first layer plane, according to periphery determination of control point main axis, more than three internal locus of controls are set at distance main axis 1 meter of, adopt 200 ㎝ × 200 ㎝ steel plates as a bit flag.
(2), after internal locus of control is laid, determine the accurate location of internal locus of control according to buildings periphery tracerse point total powerstation, identify with cross-hatch.And recorded the mutual relationship data of Distance geometry angle between internal locus of control.
(3) internal locus of control Vertical adopts in the reserved 200 ㎝ holes, ㎝ × 200 of flooring, just needs to box out to be convenient to throw to survey when installing template, and concrete location is reserved in first floor internal locus of control vertical direction.Laser plummet is used to measure.Each internal control re-uses total powerstation and positions a little each floor axis point after throwing dbullioscope.
(4) laser plummet is erected on internal locus of control, centering, flattened instrument after, open the lasing light emitter of plumb aligner, laser pick-off target is put on reserved opening, laser spots is focused, laser spots is adjusted to minimum, and now laser spots is the throwing measuring point of floor internal locus of control, with the line of ink marker, throwing measuring point is caused reserved opening surrounding.
The permissible error of axis Vertical sees the following form:
(5) arc setting-out.According to first floor internal locus of control, determine the heart position, garden of arc with total powerstation after, total powerstation is erected on the heart point of garden, using internal locus of control as direction, point adopts setting out to carry out setting-out to each Along ent on the arc of garden, total powerstation is converted to surving coordinate function after reserving by some position, carry out measurement of coordinates to a position, the coordinate measured is compared with setting-out coordinate, and difference is position, sink node position in allowed band.Setting-out should be re-started when difference is larger.After the setting-out of whole camber line point is complete, total powerstation is erected at arc one endpoint location, measures the distance of end points to each camber line point, the distance of measurement is compared with calculating distance, and namely location is correct in allowed band for difference.
5 check a position
5.1 construction units provide original control point to check.Survey engineer need be checked original control point, translocation is carried out at more than three reference mark before surveying the tracerse point establishing working-yard to lay, the coordinate figure calculated after adjustment and original coordinates value is poor mustn't exceed code requirement.
The 5.2 on-the-spot tracerse points laid are checked.Tracerse point is checked and is adopted closed path to check, and calculate permissible error scope according to closed path survey station number, when closed difference is in allowed band, the coordinate figure of each tracerse point is accurate coordinate figure.
5.3 main Control point are checked.Adopt angle and distance recheck method, the main Control point Distance geometry angle mutual relationship according to calculating compares with measured value, and when difference is not more than code requirement, main Control point coordinate figure is correct coordinates value.
5.4 anchor points are checked.Survey when establishing on basis can check with each point position in other dominating pair of vertices bases.
5.5 internal locus of controls are checked.Build more than ± 0.000, then the mutual cross review in each interior reference mark of flooring, check that the difference of each internal locus of control mutual relationship of flooring and first floor internal locus of control mutual relationship is whether in allowed band.
Quality requirements:
1., for ensureing that error is within permission limit difference, various control survey must perform by " Code for engineering surveying ", operates to be undertaken by specification, and every limit difference must reach following requirements:
Architecture construction setting-out, axis are thrown to establish and are transmitted permissible variation with absolute altitude
2. measure requirement
The every limit difference of 2.1 surveying instrument meets same level instrument poor demand limit.
When 2.2 absolute altitudes copy survey, take independent testing twice method, its limit difference is ± 3mm, and all to copy survey should take leveling point as backsight.
2.3 vertical observations: meet Vertical error requirements.
Performance analysis:
1. precision is high: taken a sample test 200 axis point positions altogether such as basis, independent column foundation, all in specification permissible variation, and basic axis maximum deviation only 5mm, wall, post, beam axis maximum deviation only 3mm.
2. speed is fast: after completing the drawing of interior industry and mark, measurement, adding up, basic field operation is measured and completed in one day.
3. economic benefit: the expense of total powerstation is higher, will reach even several ten thousand yuan, unit up to ten thousand substantially, but the efficiency in complex building is measured such as transit of comparing after using will be significantly improved.
4. social benefit: by accurate Drawing architectural working drawing in computer A UTOCAD software, then by the marking Function in CAD software, polar coordinate mode location is carried out to each unique point.When field survey, according to the datum mark of establishing, use advanced total powerstation, infrared range-measurement system, directly input polar coordinates carry out city's roads, substantially reach information-based and measure requirement, obtain the favorable comment of management, construction unit.
This engineering method at various forms of complex buildings such as ellipse circular, circular arcs, and the construction line-putting of various forms of structures, measure in will have good promotion prospect.
Case history:
Poyang Lake ecological economy section planning museum, be positioned at the peninsula in southern side, Fuhua mountain, open zone, Komsomolsk, Jiujiang City of Jiangxi Province (to the east of Fuhua road, to the north of middle South Road), its plane axis linear dimension is 158.600m × 93.260m, structure type is steel and concrete structure, and gross building area is 22278.61 square metres.Negative one deck absolute altitude is-5.000m ,-0.300m, 0.00m, and the indoor and outdoor discrepancy in elevation is 300.Three layers on the ground, B1.Ground one, two is high is layer by layer 6m, and ground three is high is layer by layer 5m.Negative one deck floor area of building is 4937.65 square metres, and one deck floor area of building is 7206.57 square metres, its absolute altitude is ± 0.000m; Two layers are built area is 4986.56 square metres, and its absolute altitude is+6.000m; Three layers of floor area of building are 5147.83 square metres, and its absolute altitude is 12.00m.
The daily output Top health total powerstation that this project uses in work progress, setting-out 200 coordinate points, the error in point measurement of institute's measuring point is all in specification allowed band, two working days are spent in basis setting-out altogether, each floor setting-out time is 3/4ths working days, the laser plummet that internal control method uses Soviet Union one photoproduction to produce, perpendicularity deviation is in specification allowed band.
The above; be only preferred embodiment of the present invention; not in order to limit the present invention, every above embodiment is done according to technical spirit of the present invention any trickle amendment, equivalently replace and improve, within the protection domain that all should be included in technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. arcuate building measures a construction method, it is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
1. draw the step of surving coordinate arrangenent diagram:
1.1 draw surving coordinate arrangenent diagram in CAD software, embody main building axis line, frame column, unique point in figure;
1.2 are doomed site coordinate in CAD figure acceptance of the bid, all point coordinate are converted to construction coordinate, Survey control point coordinate are also converted to construction coordinate simultaneously;
2. mark main axis reference mark coordinate, tested point coordinate, and coordinate inputted the step of total powerstation:
2.1, according to the building operation coordinate diagram of drawing, determine main axis, main Control point that in-site measurement unwrapping wire needs;
The 2.2 coordinate control points provided according to construction unit, measure the Distance geometry angle of this reference mark to each transverse and longitudinal crossing point of axes through calculating, list records;
Reference mark coordinate after all conversions, anchor point construction coordinate are carried out classifying and numbering by 2.3, and input in total powerstation storage system;
3. the step of on-the-spot location survey:
The 3.1 planning building line provided according to construction unit or reference mark, city, adopt secondary complete loop to measure the coordinate figure of each tracerse point;
3.2 according to the tracerse point measured, and according to master plan, first layer plane figure and basement structure foundation plan, determines buildings main axis main Control point position with the setting out of total powerstation;
3.3 according to anchor point and reference mark relative position relation, select with anchor point close together and the good main Control point of intervisibility as survey station, after having set up total powerstation, the coordinate of main Control point is recalled from total powerstation storage system, be set to survey station point coordinate, using other any main Control point as backsight point, the setting out of total powerstation is used to survey the position on the spot setting out each anchor point;
3.4, when after basic earthwork excavation, adopt axis method accurately to make locating point position on blinding layer, place prism bar, directly measure the coordinate of prism location by total station survey function at foundation ditch estimated position place;
3.5 floor unwrapping wire adopt internal control method to measure:
3.5.1 the laying of internal locus of control, on buildings first layer plane, according to periphery determination of control point main axis, arranges more than three internal locus of controls at distance main axis 1 meter of, adopts 200 ㎝ × 200 ㎝ steel plates as a bit flag;
3.5.2, after internal locus of control is laid, determine the accurate location of internal locus of control according to buildings periphery tracerse point total powerstation, identify with cross-hatch; And record the mutual relationship data of Distance geometry angle between internal locus of control;
Reserve 200 ㎝ holes, ㎝ × 200 when 3.5.3 installing template and be used for internal locus of control Vertical, concrete location is reserved in first floor internal locus of control vertical direction; Laser plummet is used to measure; Each internal control re-uses total powerstation and positions each floor axis point after throwing dbullioscope.
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