CN117537788A - An engineering survey and setting-out method and system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an engineering measurement and setting-out method, which includes: S1, positioning a total station with an engineering measurement and setting-out application program at a known point, and positioning a prism at a backsight point; S2, entering the total station operation interface and selecting After confirming the stakeout measurement option, select the station orientation, enter the corresponding coordinates and then start the measurement function; S3, enter the coordinates of the stakeout point or call the coordinate points pre-stored in the folder, and display the horizontal angle between the target and the point to be staked out on the display. Difference dHA; S4, rotate the total station so that the horizontal angle difference dHA between the target and the point to be set out becomes zero and then direct the pole runner to the target position; find the prism in the eyepiece and aim it at the reflecting mirror. Click Measure, and the display will show the horizontal distance between the instrument and the prism point; measure repeatedly according to the prompts to obtain the point to be staked out and the corresponding coordinates; S5, repeat S1‑S4 to obtain other points to be staked out and the corresponding coordinates. Carry out measurement and setting out. The corresponding system is also disclosed.

Description

A method and system for engineering surveying and setting out

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of construction engineering, in particular to the field of railway engineering surveying technology, and more particularly to an engineering surveying and setting-out method and system.

Background Art

Engineering layout is a technical process that projects the horizontal, vertical and oblique lines on the design drawings onto the actual construction objects. It is the basic projection form of geometric figures during construction and demolition. It has the advantages of simple operation, short steps and fast projection. It is an important tool and technical means for rapid and accurate analysis and projection during construction and demolition. The implementation of engineering layout can make the entity consistent with the design drawings. Not only can the lines in the design drawings be projected onto the entity, but also the marks on the drawings can be projected onto the entity. The implementation steps include:

(1) Prerequisites for the line: accurate positioning, the positions of poles, columns, and walls must be accurate;

(2) Positioning line:

Use a level to draw horizontal lines at the positioning points on the actual object with a pencil. Measure the length of the horizontal lines based on the distance between the positioning lines on the design drawing to eventually form a complete horizontal line body. Then, draw another (or two) horizontal lines to form grid lines. The spacing between the grid lines should be consistent with the distance between the positioning lines on the design drawing. Then draw the diagonal lines.

(3) Place positioning marks: Mark the position of the positioning grid on the entity using a die or diamond marker; then locate the relative positions of beams, walls, columns, and rods on the horizontal line and mark them on the entity; again, mark the endpoint coordinates of beams, walls, columns, and rods on the entity according to the specific requirements on the design drawing; finally, mark the horizontal and oblique lines on the entity.

The existing technology usually uses a total station for construction layout measurement, such as Topcon Total Station GTS-2002 or Nanfang Total Station NTS-332R, etc. However, the current total station has various defects, such as:

(1) Since manual calculation of a coordinate involves many partial terms, large powers, and large amounts of data, it takes almost several hours, so current total stations are unable to calculate the transition curve offset;

(2) The reference arc and reference line functions can significantly improve the efficiency of laying out lines, especially by bypassing some obstacles. They have the advantages of requiring fewer coordinates to be input and requiring fewer pole moves by pole runners. However, the Topcon total station GTS-2002 does not have the reference arc function, and the Southern total station NTS-332R does not have the reference line function.

(3) The current total station using Excel programming and Casio programming will have some fatal bugs, for example, it is impossible to prohibit the input of arc radius less than 0, and Casio cannot assist in measurement by displaying graphics;

(4) It is extremely inconvenient for users of current total stations to input and check data, and the input data cannot be automatically converted into data types that can be directly used in computer recognition and calculation;

(5) Total stations with large radius cannot use reference arcs. For example, the Leica Total Station TS09 plus supports a maximum circle radius of 9999.9999 meters, while the arc of the basic platform of Yanjiao Station on the Beijing-Tangshan Railway is 10007.7550 meters. Therefore, the reference arc function of the total station cannot be used in this case.

(6) The current total station does not have an appropriate prompt alarm function. For example, when the offset is close to 0, or equal to 0 (that is, the prism pole is just standing on the designed line), there is no corresponding prompt, and the line setting efficiency is low; for another example, the direction of the offset is not displayed, and there is no text prompt for the relationship between the arc and the circle. Some total stations only have positive and negative signs, which need to be converted manually. Therefore, it is inefficient for the person looking at the mirror to order the person running the pole to move the prism pole;

(7) There is a lack of functions for graphically selecting the optimal arc, exchanging the coordinates of the start and end points to assist in switching from the line-laying mode to the point-laying mode, internal line preprocessing, azimuth display function (for error checking), graphical display of positional relationships (for error checking, and to facilitate the command of pole runners to move positions), line saving function (facilitating multiple line laying and line switching, and facilitating subsequent error checking), parallel line function (as long as the line is parallel to the line and the offset distance is known, the function of inputting the coordinates of a line can place multiple parallel lines. Specific application: placing multiple parallel axes of a building) and line dragging function.

(8) The mobile phone cannot connect to the total station via Bluetooth, nor can it control the total station measurement on the mobile phone. It cannot automatically obtain measurement coordinates and participate in calculations, nor can it output graphics and text, which reduces the speed and accuracy of the measurement.

(9) There are no functions for laying out and calculating arcs, circles, transition curves (laying out), transition curves (collecting), laying out surfaces, or finding the center of a circle, so the application scenarios are limited.

Therefore, there is a need to develop new engineering measurement and layout methods and systems, add additional functions required in many application scenarios, and optimize the calculation, display and measurement modes.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and system for engineering surveying and setting out, optimize the engineering surveying and setting out processes such as setting out straight lines, circles (arcs), slowing down and curves (collection or setting out), greatly increase the application scenarios of engineering surveying and setting out, and improve the running pole and corresponding measurement efficiency.

The present invention provides an engineering surveying and setting-out method, comprising:

S1, position the total station with engineering surveying and setting-out application at a known point, and position the prism at the backsight point;

S2, enter the total station operation interface, select the measurement option, click the engineering survey and layout application, select and confirm the layout measurement option, then select the station orientation, enter the coordinates of the known point in the station coordinates or call up the pre-stored coordinate points, enter the backsight point coordinates in the backsight, and start the measurement function; the backsight point coordinates correspond to the backsight point position;

S3, exit the measurement function, find the stakeout measurement option, enter the stakeout point coordinate input interface under the coordinate label, input the stakeout point coordinates or call the coordinate points pre-stored in the folder, where the coordinate points do not include elevation data, and after confirming the input in the input interface, display the horizontal angle difference dHA between the target and the point to be staked on the display;

S4, rotate the total station to make the horizontal angle difference dHA between the target and the point to be staked out become zero, and then command the pole runner to the target position; find the prism in the eyepiece, aim at the reflective mirror, click to measure, and the display will show the horizontal distance between the instrument and the prism point; measure repeatedly according to the prompts to obtain the point to be staked out and the corresponding coordinates;

S5, repeat S1-S4 for the next point to obtain other points to be laid out and the corresponding coordinates, and then perform measurement and layout.

Preferably, the measurement options of S2 include: placing a straight line, placing an arc, placing a circle, placing a layout transition curve, and placing a collection transition curve.

Preferably, for laying out a straight line, the engineering surveying and laying out application program includes:

(1) Determine the applicable scenario: The straight line is applicable to the building axis, the 1-meter line parallel to the building axis, the straight road and other straight structures;

(2) Add corresponding reminders for various situations in the process of placing a straight line;

(3) Calculate the coordinates of the points to be staked out by the total station by manually filling in the coordinates or entering the coordinates via Bluetooth;

(4) Add, delete, check and modify straight lines.

Preferably, for placing an arc, the engineering surveying and setting out application program will determine the starting point, end point and radius of the arc, including:

(1) Determine the applicable scenario: the arc placement is applicable to circular buildings or structures;

(2) Add, delete, check and modify arc lines;

(3) Enter the arc placement page;

(4) Add multiple reminders for various situations during arc placement

(5) Calculate the coordinates of the points to be staked out by manually filling in the coordinates or entering the coordinates via Bluetooth.

Preferably, for setting a circle, the engineering surveying and setting out application program will determine the center and radius of the circle, including:

(1) Determine the applicable scene: The circle-laying method is applicable to scenes where a whole or part of a circular arc can be laid out in the shape of a circular column, a road roundabout, a circular building or a structure;

(2) Add reminders for the circle-making scene;

(3) Calculate the coordinates of the points to be staked out by manually filling in the coordinates or entering the coordinates via Bluetooth.

Preferably, for setting out a transition curve, the engineering surveying and setting out application program includes:

(1) Determine the applicable scenario: The applicable scenarios for laying out the transition curve include: a platform with a transition curve at a railway station and a highway; the transition curve refers to a flat curve or a spiral curve.

(2) Add, delete, check and modify the lines of the set-out transition curve;

(3) Enter the layout page for staking out the transition curve.

Preferably, for laying out the collection transition curve, the engineering surveying and laying out application program includes:

(1) Determine the applicable scenario: Determine that the collection of transition curves is applicable to platforms and roads with transition curves at railway stations; wherein the transition curve refers to a flat curve or a spiral curve;

(2) Add, delete, check and modify lines of collected easement curves, including: adding support for ease-in and ease-out selection;

(3) Enter the line-laying page for collecting the easement curve; it includes three scenes: warning straight line, warning arc, and easement and curve edge stakes;

(4) Calculate the coordinates of the points to be staked out by manually filling in the coordinates or entering the coordinates via Bluetooth.

Preferably, the method further comprises:

Place the prism pole near the transition curve, use the total station to measure the coordinates of point P where the prism pole is placed, and calculate the arc length l of the center pile of the transition curve corresponding to point P; when the mileage of point P is greater than the mileage of the transition circle, l is a value greater than the total length of the transition curve ls; when the mileage of point P is less than or equal to the mileage of the transition circle, l is equal to the arc length of the center pile corresponding to point P, that is, draw a perpendicular line through point P to the trajectory line of the center pile, and the arc length of the foot of the perpendicular to the transition point; after calculating the arc length l, substitute it into the coordinate formula to calculate the tangent offset.

Preferably, the method also includes: drawing a transition curve based on a segmented process, wherein the transition curve is a figure very close to the transition curve, which is assembled one by one from very small straight line segments, and its accuracy meets the needs of engineering construction; the segmented process includes: determining a step size and assigning a single-precision variable, and determining a position and size suitable for screen display based on conversion of additive constants and multiplicative constants, and completing the drawing of the transition curve through multiple iterations.

A second aspect of the present invention provides an engineering surveying and setting-out system, comprising:

Placement module, used to position the total station with engineering surveying and setting-out application at known points, and to position the prism at the backsight point;

The parameter setting module is used to enter the total station operation interface, select the measurement option, click the engineering measurement and layout application, select and confirm the layout measurement option, then select the station orientation, enter the coordinates of the known point in the station coordinates or call the pre-stored coordinate points, enter the backsight point coordinates in the backsight, and start the measurement function; the backsight point coordinates correspond to the backsight point position;

A coordinate input module is used to exit the measurement function, find the stakeout measurement option, enter the stakeout point coordinate input interface under the coordinate label, input the stakeout point coordinates or call the coordinate points pre-stored in the folder, wherein the coordinate points do not include elevation data, and after confirming the input in the input interface, display the horizontal angle difference dHA between the target and the point to be staked on the display;

The measurement module rotates the total station to make the horizontal angle difference dHA between the target and the point to be staked out become zero, and then directs the pole runner to the target position; finds the prism in the eyepiece, aims at the reflective mirror, clicks on the measurement, and the display will show the horizontal distance between the instrument and the prism point; repeatedly measures according to the prompts to obtain the point to be staked out and the corresponding coordinates;

The measurement and layout module is used to obtain other points to be laid out and their corresponding coordinates before performing measurement and layout.

A third aspect of the present invention provides an electronic device, comprising a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores a plurality of instructions, and the processor is configured to read the instructions and execute the method described in the first aspect.

A fourth aspect of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores a plurality of instructions, and the plurality of instructions can be read by a processor to execute the method described in the first aspect.

The method, system, electronic device, and computer-readable storage medium provided by the present invention have the following beneficial technical effects:

(1) The difficulty in calculating the offset of the transition curve has been solved. With this APP, it can be completed instantly and with an accuracy of less than 1mm.

(2) Solved the problem that some total stations of different models do not have reference line and reference arc functions. After using this APP, it can be applied to any total station.

(3) It avoids some bugs caused by Excel programming and some deficiencies and bugs of Casio programming. For example, it is forbidden to input arc radius less than 0; Casio cannot assist in measurement by displaying graphics.

(4) A method of angle input and computer interaction was invented. For example, when inputting 10°00′02.34″ (10 degrees, 0 minutes, 02.34 seconds), there are the following problems: first, it is inconvenient to input the symbol °′″ on a mobile phone; second, the data after input is not recognized by the computer and cannot be directly used for calculation; third, the calculation logic of degrees, minutes and integer seconds is based on sexagesimal system, while the decimal seconds is based on decimal system, which is relatively complicated. The method of the present invention is convenient for users to input data and check data, and can also allow the input data to be automatically converted and directly recognized and calculated by the computer, and can be immediately converted into real angle data for the computer, and converted into data that can participate in computer calculations.

(5) Solved the problem that the reference arc cannot be used for total stations with large radius. For example, the Leica total station TS09 plus supports a circle with a maximum radius of 9999.9999 meters, while the arc of the basic platform of Yanjiao Station on the Beijing-Tangshan Railway is 10007.7550 meters, so the reference arc function of the total station cannot be used. However, the "arc" function of this APP can be used to place an arc with this radius.

(6) When the offset is close to 0, or equal to 0 [when it is equal to 0, the prism pole is just standing on the designed line], there will be a sound prompt. When the prism pole exceeds the designed line [with the input coordinate data as a reference], it will prompt an exceeding prompt and display the specific value. Because the more it exceeds, the less accurate it is. The offset is displayed as "left and right", and the arc is displayed as "close to the center of the circle, away from the center of the circle". Compared with some models of total stations or programs, they only display positive and negative signs. This function improves the efficiency of the person watching the mirror to command the pole runner to move the prism pole.

(7) Since the arc calculation process involves taking roots, the mathematical solution will produce "two different circles". The APP uses graphical auxiliary display to help surveyors quickly determine which circle should be discarded.

(8) When modifying the straight line coordinates, there is an "Exchange Coordinates" function that can exchange the starting point and end point coordinates. This function is convenient for switching from line-laying mode to point-laying mode [when the offset and mileage are both 0, the starting point position is released].

(9) Multiple lines can be stored and processed in advance, which speeds up the process of laying out lines in the field.

(10) In addition to the functions of displaying mileage and offset, the following aspects have been optimized: displaying azimuth (for error checking), graphically displaying positional relationships (for error checking, and to facilitate the command of pole runners to move positions), saving lines (facilitating multiple line laying and line switching, and facilitating subsequent error checking), parallel line function (as long as the line is parallel to the line and the offset distance is known, it has the function of inputting the coordinates of a line and placing multiple parallel lines. Specific application: placing multiple parallel axes of a building); line dragging function, which may place the line to be placed in a "convenient" position, which is convenient for line laying or error checking.

(11) The mobile phone is connected to the total station via Bluetooth, and the total station is controlled on the mobile phone for measurement. The measured coordinates are then automatically obtained and involved in the calculation, and finally the text and graphics are output (the mobile phone, total station, and coordinate calculation are organically combined to improve the measurement speed. Manually copying coordinate data takes a long time and may cause errors. After using Bluetooth, each coordinate (XY coordinates are about 20 digits on average) takes about 3-4 seconds to obtain, and the accuracy is improved.

(12) The arc laying function solves the problem that the reference arc function of the Leica total station cannot be enlarged to a radius of 10,000 meters. The platform arc radius of Yanjiao Station is as much as 10,007 meters, so it is not possible to lay out the line directly using the Leica reference arc. Graphic display and switching are used to assist in laying out the line.

(13) In the circle placement function, the offset is not simply displayed as positive or negative, but rather displayed as "close, far, or even" according to the situation. The circle can be saved, and the coordinates do not need to be re-entered for multiple placements. If the coordinates are checked correctly once, the coordinates defined next time can be 100% correct. At the same time, concentric circles with different radii can also be measured, as long as the offsets are consistent.

(14) The lay-out transition curve provides the function of calculating the mileage coordinates inversely, and has the function of calculating the coordinates of the left and right piles; the lay-out transition curve can simultaneously ease the transition curve and its nearby straight lines and arcs, and there will be a keyword reminder of "straight line segment" in the straight line segment, a keyword reminder of "close to the center of the circle, far from the center of the circle" in the arc segment, and a reminder of "left deviation, right deviation" in the transition curve segment. This keyword can increase the speed of the surveyor who "looks in the mirror" to command the pole runner, because there is no need to think again whether the pole is on the straight line segment, on the arc, or on the transition curve. The graphical display of the measurement point position can facilitate the surveyor to explain the position to the professional construction team, and facilitate matters such as laying bricks, setting limits, and superelevation of the outer rail.

(15) "Laying the surface" solves the problem of the difficulty in calculating the design elevation of a certain stone material due to the two-way square slope of the high-speed railway platform (i.e., slopes are laid along the track and perpendicular to the track respectively). "Finding the center of a circle" coordinates solves the problem of measuring the center of an existing cylinder in an old railway station. The save coordinate function of this function can also be used to collect terrain coordinates. After saving to the mobile app, it can be directly shared to other carriers for further processing through third-party software such as WeChat and QQ. It solves the problem of poor data transmission and slow data transmission due to the lack of a suitable driver for some old total stations connected to the computer, or the data cable is lost or damaged, or the dedicated USB flash drive is not recognized.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG1 is a flow chart of an engineering surveying and setting-out method according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG2( a ) is a schematic diagram of an arbitrary encryption control point according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG2( b ) is a schematic diagram showing that a straight line perpendicular to the current straight line can be placed once the input coordinates are placed according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2( c ) is a prompt interface showing a situation in which the prism rod is not placed on a straight line but is deviated to the left or right according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2( d ) is a prompt interface for a situation in which the prism rod is placed exactly on a straight line according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2( e ) is a prompt interface showing a situation in which the prism rod is placed beyond the starting point A or the end point B according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG2( f ) is a prompt interface showing the azimuth, the length AB between the starting point A and the end point B, and the name of the straight line according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2( g ) is a prompt interface for creating a straight line for adding, deleting, checking and modifying a line according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2( h ) is a prompt interface showing a newly added card on a line selection page according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in which important information related to the line is recorded;

FIG. 2( i ) is a prompt interface for entering and exiting a modification page according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG2(j) is a prompt interface for modifying related data or deleting the straight line according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG3( a ) is a prompt interface for a user to prepare the starting point, end point and radius of an arc, and determine whether the center of the arc is on the left or the right according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG3( b ) is a prompt interface for entering a stakeout page by clicking “Card” after a curve is created according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG3(c) is a diagram showing a prompt interface showing the positional relationship between the measuring point and the circle after inputting the coordinates of the measuring point and clicking calculate according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG3(d) is a diagram showing a prompt interface in which, if a point is exactly on an arc, “OK!” is displayed according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; and the line name and arc length AB are displayed to facilitate error checking;

FIG3( e ) is a prompt interface for obtaining and calculating the coordinates of a known point by inputting coordinates via Bluetooth in the case of placing an arc according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4( a ) is a prompt interface for inputting the coordinates of a measuring point P and calculating and displaying the positional relationship between the point and the arc according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG4( b ) is a prompt interface for obtaining and calculating the coordinates of known points by inputting coordinates via Bluetooth in the case of placing a circle according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5( a ) is a prompt interface for adding, deleting, checking and modifying lines of a lofted transition curve according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG5( b ) is a prompt interface for entering a layout page for staking out a transition curve according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG6( a ) is a schematic diagram of a scene of a warning line according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG6( b ) is a schematic diagram of a scene of a warning arc according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG6( c ) is a schematic diagram of a scene in which the right pile is 1 meter according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the engineering surveying and setting-out system provided by the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The specific implementation of the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

As shown in FIG1 , this embodiment provides an engineering surveying and setting-out method, including:

S1, position the total station with engineering surveying and setting-out application at a known point, and position the prism at the backsight point;

S2, enter the total station operation interface, select the measurement option, click the engineering survey and layout application, select and confirm the layout measurement option, then select the station orientation, enter the coordinates of the known point in the station coordinates or call up the pre-stored coordinate points, enter the backsight point coordinates in the backsight, and start the measurement function; the backsight point coordinates correspond to the backsight point position;

S3, exit the measurement function, find the stakeout measurement option, enter the stakeout point coordinate input interface under the coordinate label, input the stakeout point coordinates or call the coordinate points pre-stored in the folder, where the coordinate points do not include elevation data, and after confirming the input in the input interface, display the horizontal angle difference dHA between the target and the point to be staked on the display;

S4, rotate the total station to make the horizontal angle difference dHA between the target and the point to be staked out become zero, and then command the pole runner to the target position; find the prism in the eyepiece, aim at the reflective mirror, click to measure, and the display will show the horizontal distance between the instrument and the prism point; measure repeatedly according to the prompts to obtain the point to be staked out and the corresponding coordinates;

S5, repeat S1-S4 for the next point to obtain other points to be laid out and the corresponding coordinates, and then perform measurement and layout.

As a preferred implementation, the measurement options of S2 include: placing a straight line, placing an arc, placing a circle, placing a layout transition curve, and placing a collection transition curve.

As a preferred embodiment, for setting a straight line, the engineering surveying and setting out application program includes:

(1) Determine the applicable scenario: The straight line is applicable to the building axis, the 1-meter line parallel to the building axis, the straight road and other straight structures;

The 1-meter line parallel to the building axis refers to the fact that during the actual layout process, the building's positioning depends on the building axis, and there are often objects on the axis that hinder the layout, such as pillars. Therefore, if the building axis is moved 1 meter horizontally, these obstacles will often be avoided, commonly known as the "1-meter line"; it can also be 0.5m, 0.3m, 0.2m... The reason why it is called the 1-meter line is that 1 meter is an integer, which is convenient for calculation and error checking afterwards.

Compared with the straight line placement function of the theodolite, the advantages of this engineering surveying and setting-out application are:

① There is no need to set up the total station directly above the straight line, so interference from obstacles on the straight line can be avoided.

② It is more convenient to move the station. If the straight line is too long and needs to be moved, you only need to set up the total station where there is a line of sight with the straight line and the backsight point. This allows the surveyor to choose more measurement positions and makes measurement more convenient.

Compared with the point-marking and straight-line laying function of the total station, the advantages of this engineering surveying and laying-out application are:

①You only need to input the original data once, and the control points can be encrypted almost arbitrarily in the middle (except where there are obstacles).

② If you need to place multiple parallel straight lines, you only need to enter the coordinates once and know the offset. For example, as shown in Figure 2(a), if you need to place the building axis - axis A and axis B, you only need to prepare the first and last coordinates on axis A and the distance between axis A and axis B in advance (for example, 6 meters, enter 6 meters in the side stake), and then choose whether axis B is on the left or right of axis A. Entering fewer coordinates can reduce errors and save time.

③ Input the coordinates once to place a straight line perpendicular to the current straight line.

For example, the starting point coordinates are the coordinates of the intersection of A-axis/1-axis, the end point coordinates are the coordinates of the intersection of A-axis/8-axis, and it is known that A2 is parallel to A1 and the distance between them is 6 meters. Then, the user only needs to create a new straight line, input the starting point coordinates, the end point coordinates, and the mileage 0. After placing A-axis, place A2. Just make "Point P Mileage (m)" always equal to 6 to place the axis of A2. As shown in Figure 2(b).

(2) Add corresponding reminders for various situations in the process of placing a straight line, including:

① If the prism rod is not placed on a straight line, but deviates to the left or right, the reminder includes the deviation direction and deviation distance. The software will directly give a prompt as shown in Figure 2(c).

② If the prism rod is placed exactly on a straight line, the software will directly give a prompt as shown in Figure 2(d).

③ If the prism rod is placed beyond the starting point A or the end point B, the software will directly give a prompt as shown in Figure 2(e); otherwise, the prompt is: normal.

④ As shown in Figure 2(f), the azimuth, the length AB between the starting point A and the end point B, and the name of the straight line are displayed to assist in measurement.

(3) Calculate the coordinates of the points to be staked out by manually filling in the coordinates or entering the coordinates via Bluetooth, including:

If the total station does not support Bluetooth, enter the coordinates of the collected known points manually, and then click "Calculate" to obtain the coordinate calculation results of the points to be staked.

If the total station supports Bluetooth, the coordinates of the known points are obtained by entering the coordinates via Bluetooth, including: binding and connecting to Bluetooth. After the connection is successful, the name of the total station will be displayed in the status bar. At the same time, a measurement button will be added to the page. Click the measurement button to control the total station measurement, and the measured coordinates will be automatically entered into the text box. The offset, mileage, etc. will then be automatically calculated.

(4) Add, delete, check and modify straight lines

As shown in Figure 2(g), click “Line” to enter the line selection interface, and click the floating button in the lower right corner to create a line;

Enter the coordinates of the start and end points of the prepared straight line, as well as the mileage (you can enter 0 if there is no mileage requirement), and give the line a name (for easy searching).

As shown in Figure 2(h), click "Confirm" and you will see a new card added to the line selection page, which records important information related to this line.

As shown in Figure 2(i), if you need to edit this line again, you can long press this "card" to enter and exit the modification page.

As shown in Figure 2(j), here, you can modify the relevant data or delete this line. After deletion, this line will no longer appear in the line selection page.

Click the "Trash Can" button in the upper right corner to delete all lines.

(5) Enter the line-laying page, including: click "Card" to enter the line-laying page.

As a preferred embodiment, for placing an arc, the engineering surveying and setting out application program will determine the starting point, end point and radius of the arc, including:

(1) Determine the applicable scenario: The arc placement is applicable to circular buildings (structures). For example, pillars, arc-shaped platforms of railway stations, circular roads, and other places where the center of the circle is not suitable or cannot be placed. For example, the arc of the basic platform of Yanjiao Station of Beijing-Tangshan Railway has a design radius of R = 10007.7550m. Some total stations with reference arcs cannot calculate such a large radius. Therefore, it is difficult to place arcs directly using the programs that come with these total stations. This can be solved smoothly by using the APP corresponding to the measurement and layout application of this project.

(2) Add, delete, check and modify arc lines

The user prepares the starting point, end point and radius of the arc, and determines whether the center of the arc is on the left or the right, as shown in detail in FIG3(a).

(3) Enter the arc placement page

After creating a new curve, click "Card" to enter the stakeout page, as shown in Figure 3(b).

(4) Add multiple reminders

As shown in Figure 3(c), after entering the coordinates of the measuring point, click Calculate, and the positional relationship between the measuring point and the circle will be displayed. If it is not on the arc, it will prompt "Please stay away from the center of the circle xxx" or "Please get closer to the center of the circle xxx". If point P is not between the starting point A and the end point B, it will display: "The point is outside the arc!"

As shown in Figure 3(d), if the point is exactly on the arc, “OK!” will be displayed. The line name and arc length AB will also be displayed for easy error checking.

(5) Calculate the coordinates of the points to be staked out by manually filling in the coordinates or entering the coordinates via Bluetooth, including:

If the total station does not support Bluetooth, enter the coordinates of the collected known points manually, and then click "Calculate" to obtain the coordinate calculation results of the points to be staked.

As shown in Figure 3(e), if the total station supports Bluetooth, the coordinates of the known points are obtained by entering the coordinates via Bluetooth, including: binding and connecting to Bluetooth. After the connection is successful, the name of the total station will be displayed in the status bar. At the same time, a measurement button will be added to the page. Click the measurement button to control the total station measurement and automatically enter the measured coordinates into the text box. After connecting to the total station, a button will be added. Clicking it can automatically calculate the offset, mileage, etc.

As a preferred embodiment, for setting a circle, the engineering surveying and setting out application program determines the center and radius of the circle, including:

(1) Determine the applicable scenario: The circle release method is applicable to scenes where the entire (or part of a) arc can be released, such as circular columns, road roundabouts, and circular building (structure) shapes.

(2) Add reminders for the circle-laying scene, including:

As shown in Figure 4(a), after the coordinates of the measuring point P are input and calculated, the positional relationship between the point and the arc will be prompted. If "Exactly!" is displayed, it means that point P is exactly on the arc.

(3) Calculate the coordinates of the points to be staked out by manually filling in the coordinates or entering the coordinates via Bluetooth, including:

If the total station does not support Bluetooth, enter the coordinates of the collected known points manually, and then click "Calculate" to obtain the coordinate calculation results of the points to be staked.

As shown in Figure 4(b), if the total station supports Bluetooth, the coordinates of the known points are obtained by entering the coordinates via Bluetooth, including: binding and connecting to Bluetooth. After the connection is successful, the name of the total station will be displayed in the status bar. At the same time, a measurement button will be added to the page. Click the measurement button to control the total station measurement and automatically enter the measured coordinates into the text box. After connecting to the total station, a button will be added. Clicking it can automatically calculate the offset, mileage, etc.

As a preferred embodiment, for setting out a transition curve, the engineering surveying and setting out application program includes:

(1) Determine the applicable scenarios: The applicable scenarios for laying out the transition curve include: platforms with transition curves at railway stations [such as Yanjiao Station of Beijing-Tangshan Railway], highways, etc.; the transition curve refers to a flat curve or a spiral curve.

(2) Add, delete, check and modify the lines of the set-out transition curve

As shown in Figure 5(a), the coordinates of the transition point, the tangent azimuth of the transition point, the mileage of the transition point, the length of the transition curve, the arc radius and the turn are required. The following points should be noted:

① The coordinates of the straight and slow points can generally be obtained from the "Curve Element Table" or CAD drawings with coordinates.

② The azimuth of the tangent line of the straight-slow point refers to the azimuth of the straight line starting from the slow-in straight-slow point and ending at the intersection point, which must be uniformly input regardless of whether it is slow-in or slow-out. It is usually converted from the deflection angle (αy, αz) given by the design, or directly measured after drawing on CAD, and input according to the format shown in the figure.

③Only ease-in curves are supported here.

④The length of the transition curve refers to the total length.

⑤The arc radius refers to the radius of the circle at the slow point, which is generally given directly in the design.

⑥The left or right of the side pile is relative to the slow entry.

(3) As shown in Figure 5(b), enter the layout page for staking out the transition curve, including:

① If you are placing a side stake, when entering the mileage, you need to enter the mileage of the center stake.

②The mileage entered can only be slow-in mileage.

③Due to insufficient decimal places of floating points, coordinates and mileage, the current test can only be accurate to within 2mm.

④ Layout logic: input the mileage of the center pile of the position to be laid out → calculate the coordinates of the corresponding center pile (or side pile) → use the total station to lay out the coordinates.

As a preferred embodiment, for laying out the collection transition curve, the engineering surveying and laying out application program includes:

(1) Determine the applicable scenario: Determine that the collection transition curve is applicable to platforms with transition curves at railway stations (such as Yanjiao Station of Beijing-Tangshan Railway), highways, etc. The transition curve refers to a flat curve or a spiral curve.

(2) Add, delete, check and modify the lines of the collected transition curves, including: adding support for ease-in and ease-out selection, and the rest is the same as the layout of transition curves.

(3) Enter the layout page for collecting transition curves

It can accurately know whether the measuring point P is on the straight line near the straight-slow point, on the smooth curve, or on the circle at the smooth point. When placing this part of the curve, the surveyor does not have to switch the line type back and forth, and the offset, mileage and other information of the point P are correctly displayed. It includes the following three scenarios:

The first scenario: as shown in Figure 6(a) of the warning straight line scenario, the user is prompted to move the prism rod into the transition curve [Note that the offset and mileage on the straight line displayed here are correct, that is, this program can be used for a portion of the straight line connected to the transition curve in addition to the transition curve and a portion of the arc connected to the transition curve (about half of the arc), as well as a portion of the straight line connected to the transition curve].

The second scenario is the warning arc scenario shown in Figure 6(b).

In the third scenario, this procedure can also be used to slow down and curve the edge stakes (both left and right stakes are acceptable), as shown in Figure 6(c) where the right stake is 1 meter.

(4) Calculate the coordinates of the points to be staked out by the total station by manually filling in the coordinates or entering the coordinates via Bluetooth, including:

If the total station does not support Bluetooth, enter the coordinates of the collected known points manually, and then click "Calculate" to obtain the coordinate calculation results of the points to be staked.

If the total station supports Bluetooth, the coordinates of the known points are obtained by entering the coordinates via Bluetooth, including: binding and connecting to Bluetooth. After the connection is successful, the name of the total station will be displayed in the status bar. At the same time, a measurement button will be added to the page. Click the measurement button to control the total station measurement and automatically enter the measured coordinates into the text box. After connecting to the total station, a button will be added. Clicking it can automatically calculate the offset, mileage, etc.

Connect to the total station with Bluetooth. The pole runner can set up a prism anywhere near the transition curve. The person looking at the mirror can quickly know whether the prism pole position is intrusive (according to the offset value), whether it is on the transition curve, outside the straight transition point, or outside the circular transition point, etc. through one-click measurement on the APP. Convenient and fast guidance of on-site construction.

As a preferred embodiment, the method further comprises:

Place the prism pole near the transition curve, use the total station to measure the coordinates of point P where the prism pole is placed, and calculate the arc length l of the middle stake of the transition curve corresponding to point P (the premise is that the transition curve is a transition curve, the turn is a left turn, the mileage of point P is greater than or equal to the mileage of the straight transition point, and not too much greater than the mileage of the transition circle point. [The formula of the transition curve is based on the assumption that point P must be on the transition curve and the length of l is known. In actual operation, it is impossible to accurately place the prism pole on the transition curve at one time. It is often only near the transition curve, and technical means are needed to calculate the l value at this time]). When the mileage of point P is greater than the mileage of the transition circle point, l is a value greater than ls (ls is the total length of the transition curve); when the mileage of point P is less than or equal to the mileage of the transition circle point, l is equal to the arc length of the middle stake corresponding to point P (that is, the arc length of the foot of the perpendicular line from point P to the trajectory line of the middle stake to the straight transition point). After calculating the arc length l [that is, L in the following code], substitute it into the coordinate formula to calculate the tangent offset. The specific calculation procedure is as follows.

As a preferred embodiment, the method further includes: drawing with a Bitmap module based on the Java computer language. Since the drawing shapes provided by Bitmap are only straight lines, circles, arcs, rectangles, rectangles with rounded corners, and ellipses, and it is currently necessary to draw dotted lines parallel to solid lines, the following process is invented, including:

//Declare a single precision variable and assign 0 to it.

float i=0;

//When i is less than the length of the drawn solid line, execute the following loop statement, otherwise skip to the next step.

while(i<MaxLe){

//Declare four double precision variables

double x1,y1,x2,y2;

//Create a new encapsulated method LiToXY, which can output the X and Y coordinates corresponding to the mileage after instantiating the mileage of the line.

LiToXY lToXY＝new LiToXY();

//After instantiating the starting point coordinates, end point coordinates, and i value of the straight line, take out the first value that packs XY from the encapsulation method.

Map<String,Double>map1＝lToXY.XNAndYE(N15,E15,N25,E25,i);

//After instantiating the starting point coordinates, end point coordinates, and i+10 value of the straight line, take out the first value of XY package from the encapsulation method. The value of i+10 is the length of the solid line drawn in the dotted line, and 10 can be increased or decreased as needed.

Map<String,Double>map2＝lToXY.XNAndYE(N15,E15,N25,E25,i+10);

//Get the x coordinate of the starting point of the line segment from the returned package.

x1＝Float.parseFloat(String.valueOf(map1.get("X")));

//Get the y coordinate of the starting point of the line segment from the returned package.

y1＝Float.parseFloat(String.valueOf(map1.get("Y")));

//Get the x coordinate of the end point of the line segment from the returned package.

x2＝Float.parseFloat(String.valueOf(map2.get("X")));

//Get the y coordinate of the end point of the line segment from the returned package.

y2＝Float.parseFloat(String.valueOf(map2.get("Y")));

//Draw a solid line using Bitmap.

canvasTemp.drawLine((float)y1,(float)x1,(float)y2,(float)x2,p.p4());

//Assign the value of i+20 to i. And jump to the while statement. The value 20 is the gap between the solid lines. Multiple straight lines with gaps are connected to form a dotted line.

i＝i+20;

}.

As a preferred embodiment, the method also includes: drawing a transition curve based on the following process, the transition curve drawn is only a figure very close to the transition curve, which is assembled from very small straight line segments one by one, and is not a "real" transition curve. Its accuracy meets the needs of engineering construction.

//Declare a single precision variable and assign 0 to it.

float i=0;

//When i is less than the length of the easing curve, execute the following loop statement, otherwise skip it.

while(i<Float.parseFloat(L8)){

//Declare a single-precision variable and assign the value of i + the starting mileage of the relaxation curve to it.

float ii＝i+Float.parseFloat(mileage8);

//Get a package from a method (this method can return the coordinates corresponding to the mileage after instantiating the mileage ii)

Map<String,String>map4;

map4＝trC.ST(String.valueOf(ii),mileage8,XA8,YA8,azimuth8,L8,R8,ZX,"0");

//Get a package from a method (this method can return the coordinates corresponding to the mileage after instantiating the mileage ii+1)

Map<String,String>map5;

map5＝trC.ST(String.valueOf(ii+1),mileage8,XA8,YA8,azimuth8,L8,R8,ZX,"0");

//Get the x coordinate of the starting point from the package

float SN1＝startY1-Float.parseFloat(Objects.requireNonNull(map4.get("strN")));

//Get the y coordinate of the starting point from the package

float SE1＝Float.parseFloat(Objects.requireNonNull(map4.get("strE")));

//Get the x coordinate of the end point from the package

float SN2＝startY1-Float.parseFloat(Objects.requireNonNull(map5.get("strN")));

//Get the y coordinate of the end point from the package

float SE2＝Float.parseFloat(Objects.requireNonNull(map5.get("strE")));

//After conversion by addition and multiplication constants, the position and size are suitable for display on the screen.

SN1＝(SN1+ChangShuN)*XiShu；

SE1＝(SE1+ChangShuE)*XiShu；

SN2 = (SN2 + ChangShuN) * XiShu;

SE2＝(SE2+ChangShuE)*XiShu；

PingJN = 450*XiShu;

PingJE=450*XiShu;

float ChangShuN2＝450-PingJN;

float ChangShuE2＝450-PingJE;

SN1＝SN1+ChangShuN2；

SE1＝SE1+ChangShuE2；

SN2＝SN2+ChangShuN2；

SE2＝SE2+ChangShuE2;

//Draw a small line segment in the "easing curve"

canvasTemp.drawLine(SE1,SN1,SE2,SN2,p.p1());

//Assign the value of i+1 to i and jump to the while statement

i=i+1.

As shown in FIG7 , this embodiment provides an engineering surveying and setting-out system, including:

A placement module 101 is used to position a total station with an engineering surveying and setting-out application program at a known point, and to position a prism at a rear-sight point;

The parameter setting module 102 is used to enter the total station operation interface, select the measurement option, click the engineering measurement and layout application, select and confirm the layout measurement option, select the station orientation, enter the coordinates of the known point in the station coordinates or call the pre-stored coordinate points, enter the backsight point coordinates in the backsight, and start the measurement function; wherein the backsight point coordinates correspond to the backsight point position;

The coordinate input module 103 is used to exit the measurement function, find the stakeout measurement option, enter the stakeout point coordinate input interface under the coordinate label, input the stakeout point coordinates or call the coordinate points pre-stored in the folder, wherein the coordinate points do not include elevation data, and after confirming the input in the input interface, display the horizontal angle difference dHA between the target and the point to be staked on the display;

The measurement module 104 rotates the total station to make the horizontal angle difference dHA between the target and the point to be staked out become zero, and then instructs the pole runner to the target position; finds the prism in the eyepiece, aims at the reflective mirror, clicks on the measurement, and the display will show the horizontal distance between the instrument and the prism point; repeatedly measures according to the prompts to obtain the point to be staked out and the corresponding coordinates;

The surveying and setting-out module 105 is used to obtain other points to be laid out and their corresponding coordinates and then perform surveying and setting-out.

Although preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional changes and modifications may be made to these embodiments by those skilled in the art once the basic inventive concepts are known. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the present invention. Obviously, those skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims (10)

1. An engineering survey and setting-out method, characterized by including: S1, position the total station with engineering survey and setting-out application at a known point, and position the prism at the backsight point; S2, enter the total station operation interface, select the measurement option, click on the engineering survey and setting out application, select and confirm the stakeout measurement option, then select the station orientation, enter the coordinates of the known point in the station coordinates or retrieve the pre-stored Coordinate point, after inputting the coordinates of the backsight point in the backsight, start the measurement function; the coordinates of the backsight point correspond to the position of the backsight point; S3. Exit the measurement function, find the stakeout measurement option, enter the stakeout point coordinate input interface under the coordinate label, enter the stakeout point coordinates or call the coordinate points pre-stored in the folder, where the coordinate points do not include elevation data, confirm all After inputting the above input interface, the horizontal angle difference dHA between the target and the point to be staked out will be displayed on the display; S4, rotate the total station so that the horizontal angle difference dHA between the target and the point to be set out becomes zero and then direct the pole runner to the target position; find the prism in the eyepiece, aim at the mirror surface, click measurement, and display The horizontal distance between the instrument and the prism point will be displayed; measure repeatedly according to the prompts to obtain the point to be staked out and the corresponding coordinates; S5, repeat S1-S4 for the next point to obtain other points to be staked out and their corresponding coordinates before measuring and setting out. 2. An engineering survey setting-out method according to claim 1, characterized in that the measurement options of S2 include: placing a straight line, placing an arc, placing a circle, placing a setting-out transition curve, and placing a collection transition curve. . 3. An engineering surveying and setting out method according to claim 2, characterized in that, for setting out straight lines, the engineering surveying and setting out application program includes: (1) Determine the applicable scenario: the said straight line is applicable to the building axis, the 1-meter line parallel to the building axis, straight roads and other straight structures; (2) Add various reminders corresponding to various situations in the process of straightening; (3) Calculate the coordinates of the total station’s points to be staked out by hand-filling coordinates or inputting coordinates via Bluetooth; (4) Add, delete, check and modify straight lines. 4. An engineering survey and setting-out method according to claim 3, characterized in that, for arc placement, the engineering survey and setting-out application will determine the starting point, end point and radius of the arc, including: (1) Determine the applicable scenario: the arc placement is suitable for circular buildings or structures; (2) Add, delete, check and modify arc lines; (3) Enter the arc setting page; (4) Add a variety of reminders for various situations during the arc placement process (5) Calculate the coordinates of the total station point to be staked out by hand-filling the coordinates or entering the coordinates via Bluetooth. 5. An engineering survey and setting-out method according to claim 4, characterized in that, for placing a circle, the engineering survey and setting-out application will determine the center and radius of the circle, including: (1) Determine the applicable scene: The above-mentioned circular release is suitable for circular pillars, road turntables, round buildings or structures in which all or part of the arc can be released; (2) Add a reminder for the circle release scene; (3) Calculate the coordinates of the total station’s points to be staked out by hand-filling coordinates or inputting coordinates via Bluetooth. 6. An engineering survey and setting out method according to claim 5, characterized in that, for setting out the relaxation curve, the engineering survey and setting out application program includes: (1) Determine the applicable scenarios: The applicable scenarios for setting out the transition curve include: railway station platforms with transition curves and highways; the transition curve refers to a flat curve or a clothoid line; (2) Add, delete, check and modify the lines of the lofting transition curve; (3) Enter the setting-out page of the lofting relaxation curve. 7. An engineering surveying and setting-out method according to claim 6, characterized in that, for the relaxation curve collection, the engineering surveying and setting-out application program includes: (1) Determine the applicable scenario: Determine that the relaxation curve collected is suitable for railway station platforms and highways with transition curves; where the transition curve refers to a flat curve or a clothoid line; (2) Add, delete, and modify the lines that collect the transition curves, including: adding support for ease-in and ease-in selection; (3) Enter the setting-out page for collecting relaxation curves; including three scenarios: early warning straight line, early warning arc and slowdown, and curve edge pile; (4) Calculate the coordinates of the total station’s points to be staked out by hand-filling coordinates or inputting coordinates via Bluetooth. 8. An engineering survey and line setting method according to claim 7, characterized in that the method further includes: Stand the prism rod near the transition curve, use a total station to measure the coordinates of point P where the prism rod stands, and calculate the arc length l of the pile in the transition curve corresponding to point P; when the mileage of point P is greater than the mileage of the transition point, l is A value greater than the total length of the transition curve ls; when the mileage of point P is less than or equal to the mileage of the transition point, l is equal to the arc length of the center pile corresponding to point P. That is, a perpendicular line drawn through point P to the center pile trajectory line is vertical to the straight line. The arc length of the slow point; after calculating the arc length l, put it into the coordinate formula to calculate the tangent support. 9. An engineering survey setting-out method according to claim 8, characterized in that the method further includes: drawing a transition curve based on a segmented process, and the transition curve is a figure very close to the transition curve, consisting of very small Straight line segments are assembled piece by piece, and their accuracy meets the needs of engineering construction; the segmentation process includes: determining a step length and assigning it to a single precision variable, and determining the appropriate size for screen display based on conversion by adding constants and multiplying constants. The position and size are extended through multiple iterations to complete the drawing of the transition curve. 10. An engineering survey and setting-out system, used to implement the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it includes: The placement module (101) is used to position a total station with an engineering survey and setting-out application at a known point and position a prism at a backsight point; The parameter setting module (102) is used to enter the total station operation interface, select the measurement option, click the engineering survey and setting out application, select and confirm the setting out measurement option, select the station orientation, and enter the known point in the station coordinates. coordinates or retrieve a pre-stored coordinate point, and after inputting the backsight point coordinates in the backsight, start the measurement function; the backsight point coordinates correspond to the backsight point position; The coordinate input module (103) is used to exit the measurement function, find the stakeout measurement option, enter the stakeout point coordinate input interface under the coordinate label, input the stakeout point coordinates or call the coordinate points pre-stored in the folder, where the coordinate point Excluding elevation data, after confirming the input in the input interface, the horizontal angle difference dHA between the target and the point to be staked out is displayed on the display; The measurement module (104) rotates the total station so that the horizontal angle difference dHA between the target and the point to be set out becomes zero and then directs the pole runner to the target position; find the prism in the eyepiece and aim it at the reflecting mirror. Click Measure, and the display will show the horizontal distance between the instrument and the prism point; measure repeatedly according to the prompts to obtain the point to be staked out and the corresponding coordinates; The measuring and setting out module (105) is used to obtain other points to be staked out and corresponding coordinates before measuring and setting out.