CN102865852A - Elevation calibration method and device for digital elevation model data - Google Patents
Elevation calibration method and device for digital elevation model data Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an elevation calibration method and device for digital elevation model data. The method comprises the following steps: unifying height datum of ice cloud and ground level geoscientific laser altimetry data and height datum of digital elevation model data;extracting a geoscientific laser altimetry data elevation value and a digital elevation model elevation value of the same point location; establishing an elevation calibration model using the geoscientific laser altimetry data elevation value and the digital elevation model elevation value of the same point location; and calibrating the digital elevation model data using the elevation calibration model. According to the technical scheme, the elevation calibration model is established based on the ice cloud and ground level satellite geoscientific laser altimetry data, elevation calibration is performed on the digital elevation model of space shuttle radar mapping plan through the elevation calibration model so that the elevation value precision of the digital elevation model is greatly improved, the calibrated digital elevation model becomes reliable fundamental geographic information data and provides reference for developing various scientific research and engineering applications.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the digital elevation model in the survey field, particularly a kind of Law of DEM Data elevation calibration steps and device to Space Shuttle Radar topographic mapping plan (SRTM).
Background technology
Digital elevation model (Digital Elevation Model, vehicle economy M), it is a kind of actual ground model that represents ground elevation with one group of orderly array of values form, digital terrain model (Digital Terrain Model, abbreviation DTM) a branch, other various terrain feature values all can derive from thus.It is generally acknowledged, DTM describes the various geomorphologic factors that comprise elevation, such as factors such as the gradient, slope aspect, change of slopes in interior linearity and the space distribution of nonlinear combination, wherein DEM is the simple individual event numeral landform model of zeroth order, and other can derive from the basis of DEM such as landforms characteristics such as the gradient, slope aspect and change of slopes.Because what DEM described is ground elevation information, it has a wide range of applications in the national economy such as mapping, the hydrology, glacier, meteorology, landforms, geology, soil, engineering construction, communication, meteorology, military affairs and national defense construction and humanity and natural science field.As in engineering construction, can be used for such as Earthwork Calculation, intervisibility analysis etc.; Aspect flood control and disaster reduction, DEM carries out the basis that analysis etc. was calculated, flooded in hydrological analysis such as water catchment area analysis, river system network analysis, rainfall analysis, flood storage; In wireless telecommunications, can be used for cellular base station and analyze etc.
2000, by (the NationalAeronautics and SpaceAdministration of US National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NASA) Space Shuttle Radar topographic mapping plan (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission, SRTM) the global north latitude 60 that obtains is spent to the digital elevation model (DEM) (approximately 90m resolution) between south latitude 56 degree, (the nominal vertical precision is 16m as vertical precision is the highest so far global Law of DEM Data, the nominal vertical precision 20m that is better than ASTER GDEM), being widely used in various scientific researches and engineering uses.But the C-band radar signal of obtaining this DEM is extremely strong to the penetrability in earth's surface (the particularly area such as glacier, desert), can reach 10m at most, causes the surperficial elevation of digital elevation model to be lower than true elevation; This external mountain area, because the discrepancy in elevation is larger, topographic relief is violent, the shade of massif and the folded vertical accuracy that has also had a strong impact on digital elevation model of covering, therefore directly the Applied Digital elevation model will bring larger error.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is for the problems referred to above, propose a kind ofly based on digital elevation model elevation calibration steps and the device of ice cloud and floor level satellite ground laser-measured height data to Space Shuttle Radar topographic mapping plan (SRTM), improved digital elevation model elevation degree of accuracy.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind ofly to Law of DEM Data elevation calibration steps, the method comprises:
The height datum of laser-measured height data is learned on cloud and floor level satellite ground and the height datum of Law of DEM Data unitizes with icing;
Laser-measured height data height value and digital elevation model height value are learned in the ice cloud and the floor level satellite ground that extract the identical point position;
Utilize the ice cloud of described identical point position and floor level satellite ground to learn laser-measured height data height value and the digital elevation model height value is set up the elevation calibrating patterns;
Utilize described elevation calibrating patterns that digital elevation model is carried out the elevation calibration.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, laser-measured height data height value is learned on the described ice cloud that extracts the identical point position and floor level satellite ground and digital elevation model height value step comprises:
To ice cloud and floor level satellite ground laser-measured height data and be converted to point vector, Law of DEM Data will be converted to the face vector;
Ice cloud after the conversion and floor level satellite ground laser-measured height data and Law of DEM Data are stacked the common factor that the Calais obtains two vectors;
Laser-measured height data height value and digital elevation model height value are learned in the ice cloud and the floor level satellite ground that extract the identical point position according to the common factor result.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, the described ice cloud that utilizes described identical point position and floor level satellite ground are learned laser-measured height data height value and digital elevation model height value and are set up elevation calibrating patterns step and comprise:
Laser-measured height data height value and digital elevation model height value are learned in the ice cloud of identical point position and floor level satellite ground carries out regretional analysis and obtains the calibrating patterns coefficient;
Set up the elevation calibrating patterns according to described calibrating patterns coefficient.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, described elevation calibrating patterns is polynomial expression calibrating patterns or linear gauging model.
For achieving the above object, the present invention also proposes a kind of to Law of DEM Data elevation calibrating installation, and this device comprises:
The height datum unit that unitizes is used for ice cloud and the height datum of floor level satellite ground laser-measured height data and the height datum of Law of DEM Data and unitizes;
Laser-measured height data height value and digital elevation model height value are learned for the ice cloud that extracts the identical point position and floor level satellite ground in the height value unit;
Elevation calibrating patterns unit is used for utilizing the ice cloud of described identical point position and laser-measured height data height value is learned on floor level satellite ground and the digital elevation model height value is set up the elevation calibrating patterns;
Alignment unit is used for utilizing this elevation calibrating patterns that Law of DEM Data is calibrated.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, described height value unit comprises:
Data conversion module is used for icing cloud and laser-measured height data in floor level satellite ground are converted to point vector, and Law of DEM Data is converted to the face vector;
Laminating module, the ice cloud after being used for changing and floor level satellite ground laser-measured height data and Law of DEM Data are stacked the common factor that the Calais obtains two vectors;
Extract the height value module, be used for extracting according to the common factor result ice cloud and floor level satellite ground laser-measured height data height value and the digital elevation model height value of identical point position.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, described elevation calibrating patterns unit comprises:
The calibrating patterns coefficient module is used for that the ice cloud of identical point position and floor level satellite ground laser-measured height data height value and digital elevation model height value are carried out regretional analysis and obtains the calibrating patterns coefficient;
MBM is used for setting up the elevation calibrating patterns according to described calibrating patterns coefficient.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, the elevation calibrating patterns that described MBM obtains is polynomial expression calibrating patterns or linear gauging model.
Technique scheme has following beneficial effect: the technical program is based on the ice cloud and laser-measured height data in floor level satellite ground are set up the elevation calibrating patterns, by the elevation calibrating patterns digital elevation model is carried out the elevation calibration, so that the height value precision of digital elevation model increases substantially, this technical scheme provides a kind of feasibility way for obtaining high-precision global earth's surface altitude figures.Further, the digital elevation model after the calibration becomes reliable Fundamental Geographic Information Data, provides reference for carrying out the application of various scientific researches and engineering.
Description of drawings
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the invention or technical scheme of the prior art, the below will do to introduce simply to the accompanying drawing of required use in embodiment or the description of the Prior Art, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes only is some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skills, under the prerequisite of not paying creative work, can also obtain according to these accompanying drawings other accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is a kind of to Law of DEM Data elevation calibration steps process flow diagram;
Fig. 2 is a kind of to Law of DEM Data elevation calibrating installation structured flowchart;
Fig. 3 is a kind of to height value cellular construction schematic diagram in the Law of DEM Data elevation calibrating installation;
Fig. 4 is a kind of to elevation calibrating patterns cellular construction schematic diagram in the Law of DEM Data elevation calibrating installation;
Fig. 5 is that laser-measured height systematic survey Global land surface altitude figures distribution plan is learned on ice cloud and the floor level satellite ground of embodiment of the invention test site;
Fig. 6 is the digital elevation model figure of embodiment of the invention test site;
Fig. 7 is the histogram of the digital elevation model figure of embodiment of the invention test site;
Fig. 8 is that the altitude figures of laser-measured height system and the scatter diagram of digital elevation model altitude figures are learned in ice cloud and the floor level satellite ground of embodiment of the invention test site;
Fig. 9 is the digital elevation model figure after the elevation of embodiment of the invention test site is calibrated;
Figure 10 is the histogram of the digital elevation model figure after the elevation of embodiment of the invention test site is calibrated.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described, obviously, described embodiment only is the present invention's part embodiment, rather than whole embodiment.Based on the embodiment among the present invention, those of ordinary skills belong to the scope of protection of the invention not making the every other embodiment that obtains under the creative work prerequisite.
US National Aeronautics and Space Administration has launched the ICESAT satellite (Ice that is specifically designed to measurement ice and snow, cloud layer and floor level in January, 2003, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite, ICESAT), laser-measured height (the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System of system is learned on the ground of its lift-launch, GLAS) hot spot that is about 65m by every 172m extraction diameter can accurately be measured the earth's surface elevation, and its precision reaches 0.02m on smooth ice face.Since ice cloud and floor level satellite ground learn the hot spot altitude figures that the laser-measured height system can obtain global range (ICESAT has 15 class data products, distinguishes called after GLA01, GLA02 ..., GLA15, wherein GLA14 measures Global land surface elevation).Therefore, the application sets up the elevation calibrating patterns based on these data, and digital elevation model is calibrated, and improves the vertical accuracy of digital elevation model, makes it become reliable Fundamental Geographic Information Data, provides reference for carrying out the application of various scientific researches and engineering.
As shown in Figure 1, for a kind of to Law of DEM Data elevation calibration steps process flow diagram.This elevation calibration steps comprises:
Step 101: will ice the height datum of cloud and floor level satellite ground laser-measured height data and the height datum of Law of DEM Data and unitize, the height datum that makes ice cloud and floor level satellite ground learn the laser-measured height data is consistent with the height datum of digital elevation model, guarantees that the two has identical elevation reference frame.Wherein, height datum is unitized to be in order to allow two kinds of altitude figuress that identical normative reference is arranged, otherwise two kinds of altitude figuress can't compare mutually.Extract on this basis two kinds of data height value of identical point position, just can compare, and then set up the elevation calibrating patterns.
Utilize ice cloud and floor level satellite ground to learn the laser-measured height data and calibrate Law of DEM Data, at first must the reference data of ice cloud and floor level satellite ground laser-measured height data and Law of DEM Data is unified.Unifying datum is divided into two parts, at first is the unification of reference ellipsoid, secondly is the unification of reference frame.All ice clouds and floor level satellite ground are learned the laser-measured height data and are all used the TOPEX/Poseidon ellipsoid as the reference ellipsoid, and Law of DEM Data with WGS-84 as the reference ellipsoid.Because the reference frame of laser-measured height the data is learned on ice cloud and floor level satellite ground and the reference frame of WGS-84 all is IRTF2000.Therefore, only need ice cloud and floor level satellite ground laser-measured height data are transformed on the WGS-84 ellipsoid according to formula (1) and formula (2) from the TOPEX/Poseidon ellipsoid.
B＝B
ICESAT+dB
h＝h
ICESAT+dh
(2)
L＝L
ICESAT
In the formula: B is geodetic latitude; L is geodetic longitude; M is radius of curvature of meridian; N is radius of curvature in prime vertical; Da is the poor of TOPEX/Poseidon ellipsoid and WGS84 semimajor axis of ellipsoid; D α is the poor of TOPEX/Poseidon ellipsoid and WGS84 flattening of ellipsoid; E is the first excentricity of ellipsoid.Table 1 is TOPEX/Poseidon ellipsoid and WGS84 ellipsoidal parameter.Because the difference of two ellipsoids on longitude and latitude is not very large, basically can regard only variant on short transverse as.Therefore at present usually the upper experimental formula (3) that adopts has been simplified the calculating of Data Comparison between two different ellipsoids so greatly.
dh＝cos
2Bda+sin
2Bdb (3)
In the formula, B is geodetic latitude; Da is the poor of TOPEX/Poseidon ellipsoid and WGS84 semimajor axis of ellipsoid; Db is the poor of TOPEX/Poseidon ellipsoid and WGS84 semiminor axis of ellipsoid.
Table 1TOPEX/Poseidon ellipsoid and WGS84 reference ellipsoid parameter
| The topEX/Poseidon ellipsoid | WGS-84 | |
| Major semi-axis/a | 6378136.300000 | 6378137.000000 |
| Minor semi-axis/b | 6356751.600563 | 6356752.314245 |
| Ellipticity/f | 1/298.25700000 | 1/298.25722356 |
| Excentricity/e | 0.081819221456 | 0.081819190843 |
Step 102: extract the ice cloud of identical point position and height value and the digital elevation model height value that the laser-measured height data are learned on floor level satellite ground;
In AcrGIS, will ice cloud and floor level satellite ground laser-measured height data and be converted into point vector, Law of DEM Data is converted into the face vector, and ask the common factor of two vectors, both comprised the spot elevation that ice cloud and floor level satellite ground laser-measured height data message also comprises Law of DEM Data information.The position of DEM spot elevation overlaps with the high point of survey that the laser-measured height system is learned on ice cloud and floor level satellite ground.So just obtained the elevation of two kinds of data on the same geographic position.
Step 103: utilize the ice cloud of described identical point position and height value and the digital elevation model height value of floor level satellite ground laser-measured height data to set up the elevation calibrating patterns;
Two kinds of height value in identical point position of extracting are carried out regretional analysis, set up suitable elevation calibrating patterns according to the related coefficient size, such as polynomial expression calibrating patterns or linear gauging model.Wherein polynomial expression elevation calibrating patterns can be expressed as:
y＝a
0+a
1x+a
2x
2+a
3x
3 (4)
Linear elevation calibrating patterns can be expressed as
y＝a
0+a
1x (5)
Independent variable x is the digital elevation model height value in the formula, and dependent variable y learns the height value of laser-measured height data, a for ice cloud and floor level satellite ground
0... a
3Be the calibrating patterns coefficient.
Step 104: utilize this elevation calibrating patterns that Law of DEM Data is calibrated.
As shown in Figure 2, for a kind of to Law of DEM Data elevation calibrating installation structured flowchart.This device comprises height datum unitize unit 21, height value unit 22, elevation calibrating patterns unit 23 and alignment unit 24.The unitized unit 21 of height datum is used for icing cloud and the height datum of laser-measured height data is learned on floor level satellite ground and the height datum of Law of DEM Data unitizes; Height value unit 22 is used for extracting the ice cloud of identical point position and height value and the digital elevation model height value that the laser-measured height data are learned on floor level satellite ground; Elevation calibrating patterns unit 23 is used for utilizing the ice cloud of described identical point position and height value and the digital elevation model height value of floor level satellite ground laser-measured height data to set up the elevation calibrating patterns; Alignment unit 24 is used for utilizing this elevation calibrating patterns that Law of DEM Data is calibrated.
As shown in Figure 3, for a kind of to height value cellular construction schematic diagram in the Law of DEM Data elevation calibrating installation.Height value unit 22 comprises data conversion module 221, laminating module 222 and extracts height value module 223.Data conversion module 221 is used for icing cloud and laser-measured height data in floor level satellite ground are converted to point vector, and Law of DEM Data is converted to the face vector; Ice cloud after laminating module 222 is used for changing and floor level satellite ground laser-measured height data and Law of DEM Data are stacked the common factor that the Calais obtains two vectors; Extracting height value module 223 is used for extracting the ice cloud of identical point position and height value and the digital elevation model height value that the laser-measured height data are learned on floor level satellite ground according to the common factor result.
As shown in Figure 4, for a kind of to elevation calibrating patterns cellular construction schematic diagram in the Law of DEM Data elevation calibrating installation.Elevation calibrating patterns unit 23 comprises calibrating patterns coefficient module 231 and MBM 232.Wherein, calibrating patterns coefficient module 231 is used for that the height value of the ice cloud of identical point position and floor level satellite ground laser-measured height data and Law of DEM Data height value are carried out regretional analysis and obtains the calibrating patterns coefficient; MBM 232 is used for setting up the elevation calibrating patterns according to described calibrating patterns coefficient.
For validity and the superiority that technical solution of the present invention is described better, existing correspondence is carried out following comparative analysis with the embodiment of the invention after the technique scheme and initial number elevation model:
As shown in Figure 5, learn laser-measured height systematic survey Global land surface altitude figures distribution plan for ice cloud and the floor level satellite ground of embodiment of the invention test site.3 bands that the Yangtze Source that the embodiment of the invention is used respectively draws Operation in Dandong Area totally 1200 ice clouds and floor level satellite ground are learned laser-measured height systematic survey Global land surface altitude figures distribution situation (background is Landsat Landsat TM image), among the figure stain be 40 for the data of precision test.As shown in Figure 8, the scatter diagram of learning laser-measured height systematic survey Global land surface altitude figures and digital elevation model altitude figures for ice cloud and the floor level satellite ground of identical point position, embodiment of the invention test site.The as can be seen from Figure 8 scatter diagram of two kinds of altitude figuress of the embodiment of the invention and the linear elevation calibrating patterns that adopts, the Monomial coefficient of linear elevation calibrating patterns is 1.006, the constant term coefficient is-74.5.As shown in Figure 6, be the digital elevation model figure of embodiment of the invention test site; As shown in Figure 7, be the histogram of the digital elevation model figure of embodiment of the invention test site; As shown in Figure 9, be the digital elevation model figure after the elevation calibration of embodiment of the invention test site; As shown in figure 10, be the histogram of the digital elevation model figure after the calibration of the elevation of embodiment of the invention test site.In order to compare the precision of embodiment elevation calibrating patterns, 40 calibration front and back digital elevation model height value of icing cloud and floor level satellite ground laser-measured height systematic survey Global land surface height value and same position that utilization does not participate in model calculating compare checking, as shown in table 2 below, the unit of data is m in the table.Digital elevation model dispersed elevation error before the calibration is 40.98m, and the digital elevation model dispersed elevation error after the calibration is 6.53m.The result shows, the elevation calibrating patterns of the embodiment of the invention can significantly improve the height value precision of digital elevation model.
Table 2
One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that all or part of step that realizes in above-described embodiment method is to come the instruction related hardware to finish by program, described program can be stored in the computer read/write memory medium, this program is when carrying out, comprise above-mentioned all or part of step, described storage medium, as: ROM/RAM, disk, CD etc.
Above-described embodiment; purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect are further described; institute is understood that; the above only is the specific embodiment of the present invention; the protection domain that is not intended to limit the present invention; within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any modification of making, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. one kind to digital elevation model elevation calibration steps, it is characterized in that, comprising:
The height datum of laser-measured height data is learned on cloud and floor level satellite ground and the height datum of Law of DEM Data unitizes with icing;
Laser-measured height data height value and digital elevation model height value are learned in the ice cloud and the floor level satellite ground that extract the identical point position;
Utilize the ice cloud of described identical point position and floor level satellite ground to learn laser-measured height data height value and the digital elevation model height value is set up the elevation calibrating patterns;
Utilize described elevation calibrating patterns that digital elevation model is carried out the elevation calibration.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, laser-measured height data height value is learned on the described ice cloud that extracts the identical point position and floor level satellite ground and digital elevation model height value step comprises:
To ice cloud and floor level satellite ground laser-measured height data and be converted to point vector, Law of DEM Data will be converted to the face vector;
Ice cloud after the conversion and floor level satellite ground laser-measured height data and Law of DEM Data are stacked the common factor that the Calais obtains two vectors;
Laser-measured height data height value and digital elevation model height value are learned in the ice cloud and the floor level satellite ground that extract the identical point position according to the common factor result.
3. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the described ice cloud that utilizes described identical point position and floor level satellite ground are learned laser-measured height data height value and digital elevation model height value and set up elevation calibrating patterns step and comprise:
Laser-measured height data height value and digital elevation model height value are learned in the ice cloud of identical point position and floor level satellite ground carries out regretional analysis and obtains the calibrating patterns coefficient;
Set up the elevation calibrating patterns according to described calibrating patterns coefficient.
4. method according to claim 3 is characterized in that, described elevation calibrating patterns is polynomial expression calibrating patterns or linear gauging model.
5. one kind to Law of DEM Data elevation calibrating installation, it is characterized in that, comprising:
The height datum unit that unitizes is used for ice cloud and the height datum of floor level satellite ground laser-measured height data and the height datum of Law of DEM Data and unitizes;
Laser-measured height data height value and digital elevation model height value are learned for the ice cloud that extracts the identical point position and floor level satellite ground in the height value unit;
Elevation calibrating patterns unit is used for utilizing the ice cloud of described identical point position and laser-measured height data height value is learned on floor level satellite ground and the digital elevation model height value is set up the elevation calibrating patterns;
Alignment unit is used for utilizing described elevation calibrating patterns that Law of DEM Data is calibrated.
6. device according to claim 5 is characterized in that, described height value unit comprises:
Data conversion module is used for icing cloud and laser-measured height data in floor level satellite ground are converted to point vector, and Law of DEM Data is converted to the face vector;
Laminating module, the ice cloud after being used for changing and floor level satellite ground laser-measured height data and Law of DEM Data are stacked the common factor that the Calais obtains two vectors;
Extract the height value module, be used for extracting according to the common factor result ice cloud and floor level satellite ground laser-measured height data height value and the digital elevation model height value of identical point position.
7. device according to claim 5 is characterized in that, described elevation calibrating patterns unit comprises:
The calibrating patterns coefficient module is used for that the ice cloud of identical point position and floor level satellite ground laser-measured height data height value and Law of DEM Data height value are carried out regretional analysis and obtains the calibrating patterns coefficient;
MBM is used for setting up the elevation calibrating patterns according to described calibrating patterns coefficient.
8. device according to claim 7 is characterized in that, the elevation calibrating patterns that described MBM obtains is polynomial expression calibrating patterns or linear gauging model.
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| CN114137567A (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2022-03-04 | 自然资源部国土卫星遥感应用中心 | Glacier elevation change monitoring method based on satellite remote sensing data |
| CN114137567B (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2024-07-09 | 自然资源部国土卫星遥感应用中心 | Glacier elevation change monitoring method based on satellite remote sensing data |
| CN116518916A (en) * | 2023-01-19 | 2023-08-01 | 昆明理工大学 | Method, system and computer for evaluating DEM precision based on satellite height measurement data |
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