CN103323848A - Method and device for extracting height of ground artificial building/structure - Google Patents
Method and device for extracting height of ground artificial building/structure Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method and device for extracting the height of a ground artificial building/structure. The method includes the steps of processing a synthetic aperture radar image covering the same area to generate a time sequence interferogram according to a small base line principle combination interference image, screening out candidate high coherent points according to the amplitude information of the synthetic aperture radar image, processing the time sequence interferogram to obtain a time sequence difference interferogram, extracting out difference interference phases of the candidate high coherent points, removing space correlation phases in the difference interference phases of the candidate high coherent points in a filtering mode, obtaining space non-correlation phases of the candidate high coherent points, wherein the space non-correlation phases comprise a space non-correlation DEM corrected value and residual phases, processing the space non-correlation phases in the difference interference phases of the candidate high coherent points, obtaining the space non-correlation DEM corrected value in a solving mode, selecting a final high coherent point from the candidate high coherent points, and obtaining the height of the ground artificial building/structure according to the final high coherent point.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to synthetic-aperture radar image field, particularly a kind ofly utilize time series InSAR technology to extract ground artificial to build/method and the device of structures height.
Background technology
Manually build/elevation information of structures is the significant datas that carry out city planning, City Disasters Risk-warning and assessment, also is the important foundation data of building three-dimensional digital city.Build for obtaining/elevation information of structures, can adopt total powerstation, optical stereo is photogrammetric or the LiDAR technology.Adopt total powerstation can't finish fast large-scale elevation information extraction work; The optical stereo photogrammetric technology is high to requiring of obtaining of data, and is subject to the weather condition impact; The LiDAR technology can directly be obtained the elevation information of target as emerging remote sensing technology, in recent years be used widely aspect the three-dimensional digital model of urban area obtaining, but cost is higher.In addition, adopt the photogrammetric or LiDAR technology of optical stereo to tend to miss and have less projected area atural object (such as street lamp, electric tower etc.).
The synthetic aperture radar (SAR) technology is a new earth observation technology that grows up the 1950's, launch at a certain time interval electromagnetic pulse on its track outside the several hundred kilometers of distance earth's surface, and the motion that utilizes carrier receives in different positions, the echoed signal of record ground object, thereby form high coverage, high resolution image.The SAR technology belongs to the active microwave remote sensing technology, not affected by sunlight, weather etc., has nighttime imaging and the ability that penetrates cloud and mist.
20 century 70s, interfering synthetic aperture radar technology (Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry, InSAR) form interferogram by the SAR image that uses the areal that two scapes obtain with slightly different visual angles, space, so that the phase information that comprises in the image is fully used, for digital elevation model (DEM, the Digital Elevation Model) information of obtaining ground provides a new thought.2000, the U.S. has implemented Space Shuttle Radar topographic mapping (Shuttle Radar Topography Mapping, SRTM) plan, behind main antenna emission radar wave, utilize main antenna and one and its slave antenna at a distance of 60 meters to receive simultaneously the earth's surface echo, obtain two width of cloth SAR images that obtain when having fixed base and form interference, realized accurately obtaining global digital elevation model.Now, but the SRTM DEM Free Acquisition of 90 meters mesh spacings is widely applied in remote sensing and association area.What utilize DEM reflection that the InSAR technology obtains is the continuous elevation variation model in earth's surface, and manually build/height of structures is random variation, has the space uncontinuity, thereby is difficult to adopt traditional InSAR technology to obtain its elevation information.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is for the problems referred to above, the present invention proposes a kind ofly to extract ground artificial and build/method and the device of structures height, and this technical scheme has overcome the shortcoming that conventional art produces, and can accurately obtain manually to build/height of the random variation of structures.
For achieving the above object, the present invention proposes a kind ofly to extract ground artificial and build/method of structures height, the method comprises:
According to little baseline principle combined interference picture to the synthetic-aperture radar image that covers areal is processed rise time sequence interferogram;
Amplitude information according to described synthetic-aperture radar image filters out the high coherent point of candidate;
Described time series interferogram is processed acquisition time differential of sequence interferogram, and extract the differential interferometry phase place of the high coherent point of described candidate;
Space correlation phase place in the differential interferometry phase place of the high coherent point of the described candidate of filtering is obtained the irrelevant phase place in space in the differential interferometry phase place of the high coherent point of described candidate; Wherein, the irrelevant phase place in described space comprises the irrelevant DEM reduction in space and residual error phase place;
The irrelevant phase place in space in the differential interferometry phase place of the high coherent point of described candidate is processed, obtained the irrelevant DEM reduction of solution room, and from the high coherent point of described candidate, select final high coherent point;
Obtaining ground artificial according to described final high coherent point builds/the structures height.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, the step that described amplitude information according to described synthetic-aperture radar image filters out the high coherent point of candidate comprises:
According to average and the standard deviation of synthetic-aperture radar image amplitude, obtain the amplitude deviation of synthetic-aperture radar image;
Obtain the high coherent point of candidate in the synthetic-aperture radar image according to the amplitude deviation of described synthetic-aperture radar image; Wherein, in the described synthetic-aperture radar image amplitude deviation of a pixel greater than a setting threshold.Then a pixel is the high coherent point of candidate in the described synthetic-aperture radar image.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, the described step that described time series interferogram is processed acquisition time differential of sequence interferogram comprises:
Obtain the digital elevation model of the areal of described synthetic-aperture radar image covering;
According to described digital elevation model, the interferometric phase of described time series interferogram deducts the interferometric phase that landform causes, obtains time series differential interferometry figure.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, the differential interferometry phase place of the high coherent point of described candidate comprises phase place and the dried noise of dephasing that the inhomogeneous interferometric phase that causes of interferometric phase, atmosphere that earth's surface distortion causes, the irrelevant DEM reduction in error phase, space that the orbital data out of true causes cause; Wherein, the phase place and the dried noise of dephasing that cause of the inhomogeneous interferometric phase that causes of interferometric phase, atmosphere that causes of described earth's surface distortion, the irrelevant DEM reduction in error phase, space that the orbital data out of true causes includes the irrelevant phase place of space correlation phase place and space.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, the step of the space correlation phase place in the differential interferometry phase place of the high coherent point of the described candidate of described filtering further comprises:
Phase place and the dried noise of dephasing characteristic separately that the inhomogeneous interferometric phase that causes of interferometric phase, atmosphere that causes according to the distortion of described earth's surface, the irrelevant DEM reduction in error phase, space that the orbital data out of true causes cause, resolution in conjunction with described synthetic-aperture radar image is carried out self-adaptive band-pass filter, the space correlation phase place in the differential interferometry phase place of the high coherent point of the described candidate of filtering.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, the described step that the irrelevant phase place in space in the differential interferometry phase place of the high coherent point of described candidate is processed comprises:
Valuation and described residual error phase place according to the differential interferometry phase space continuous item of the interferometric phase of the high coherent point of described candidate in N time series interferogram, the high coherent point of described candidate obtain the tense coherence factor;
Whether determine described pixel according to described tense coherence factor is final high coherent point; Wherein, when described tense coherence factor during greater than a threshold value, then described pixel is final high coherent point;
Obtain the irrelevant DEM reduction in space of described final high coherent point by the space search method.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, describedly obtain ground artificial according to described final high coherent point and build/step of structures height comprises:
Utilize geocoding to obtain and build/the structures plan position information, determine described building/structures locus in conjunction with the synthetic-aperture radar image again;
According to spatial topotaxy the high coherent point of described building/structures is classified, identify the high coherent point at the top of described building/structures, the irrelevant DEM reduction in the space of the high coherent point at the top of described building/structures is the height of described building/structures.
For achieving the above object, the present invention also proposes a kind ofly to extract ground artificial and build/device of structures height, this device comprises:
Time series interferogram acquiring unit is used for according to little baseline principle combined interference picture the synthetic-aperture radar image that covers areal is processed rise time sequence interferogram;
The high coherent point acquiring unit of candidate is used for filtering out the high coherent point of candidate according to the amplitude information of described synthetic-aperture radar image;
Time series interferogram processing unit is used for described time series interferogram is processed acquisition time differential of sequence interferogram, and extracts the interferometric phase of the high coherent point of described candidate;
The high coherent point processing unit of candidate is used for the space correlation phase place of the differential interferometry phase place of the high coherent point of the described candidate of filtering, obtains the irrelevant phase place in space in the differential interferometry phase place of the high coherent point of described candidate; Wherein, the irrelevant phase place in described space comprises the irrelevant DEM reduction in space and residual error phase place;
Final high coherent point determining unit is used for the irrelevant phase place in space of the differential interferometry phase place of the high coherent point of described candidate is processed, and obtains the irrelevant DEM reduction of solution room, and select final high coherent point from the high coherent point of described candidate;
Ground artificial is built/structures height acquiring unit, is used for obtaining ground artificial according to described final high coherent point and builds/the structures height.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, described candidate is high, and the coherent point acquiring unit comprises:
Amplitude deviation acquisition module is used for average and standard deviation according to synthetic-aperture radar image amplitude, obtains the amplitude deviation of synthetic-aperture radar image;
Judge the high coherent point module of candidate, be used for obtaining according to the amplitude deviation of described synthetic-aperture radar image the high coherent point of candidate of synthetic-aperture radar image; Wherein, in the described synthetic-aperture radar image amplitude deviation of a pixel greater than a setting threshold.Then this is the high coherent point of candidate.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, described time series interferogram processing unit comprises:
Set up the digital elevation model module, for the digital elevation model of the areal that obtains described synthetic-aperture radar image covering;
Acquisition time differential of sequence interferogram module is used for according to described digital elevation model, and the interferometric phase of described time series interferogram deducts the interferometric phase that landform causes, obtains time series differential interferometry figure.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, the differential interferometry phase place of the high coherent point of candidate obtained of described time series interferogram processing unit comprises the inhomogeneous interferometric phase that causes of interferometric phase, atmosphere that the earth's surface distortion causes, the error phase that the orbital data out of true causes, phase place and the dried noise of dephasing that the DEM reduction causes; Wherein, the inhomogeneous interferometric phase that causes of interferometric phase, atmosphere that causes of described earth's surface distortion, the error phase that the orbital data out of true causes, phase place and the dried noise of dephasing that the DEM reduction causes include the irrelevant phase place of space correlation phase place and space.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, the high coherent point processing unit of described candidate is further used for the inhomogeneous interferometric phase that causes of interferometric phase, atmosphere that causes according to the distortion of described earth's surface, the error phase that the orbital data out of true causes, phase place and the dried noise of the dephasing characteristic separately that the DEM reduction causes, resolution in conjunction with described synthetic-aperture radar image is carried out self-adaptive band-pass filter, the space correlation phase place in the differential interferometry phase place of the high coherent point of the described candidate of filtering.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, described final high coherent point determining unit comprises:
Tense coherence factor acquisition module is used for obtaining the tense coherence factor according to the high coherent point of candidate in valuation and the residual error phase place of the differential interferometry phase space continuous item of the interferometric phase of N time series interferogram, the high coherent point of described candidate;
Final high coherent point determination module, whether be used for determining the high coherent point of described candidate according to described tense coherence factor is final high coherent point; Wherein, when described tense coherence factor during greater than a threshold value, then the high coherent point of described candidate is final high coherent point;
The space search module is for the irrelevant DEM reduction in space that obtains described final high coherent point by the space search method.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, described ground artificial builds/and structures height acquiring unit comprises:
Build/structures spatial positional information acquisition module, be used for utilizing geocoding to obtain and build/the structures plan position information, determine described building/structures locus in conjunction with the synthetic-aperture radar image again;
Build/the height acquisition module of structures, be used for according to spatial topotaxy the high coherent point of described building/structures being classified, identify the high coherent point at the top of described building/structures, the irrelevant DEM reduction in the space of the high coherent point at the top of described building/structures is the height of described building/structures.
Technique scheme has following beneficial effect:
(1) the technical program can also obtain its historical deformation data when extracting object height;
(2) the technical program can be extracted the elevation information that some has less projected area atural object (such as street lamp, electric tower etc.), and these atural objects are because projected area is less, adopts the photogrammetric or LiDAR technology of optical stereo to tend to miss these atural objects;
(3) the technical program is not subjected to the impact of weather, has the advantages such as round-the-clock, round-the-clock, wide covering;
(4) the technical program accurately obtain manually build/elevation information of structures after, can obtain this regional digital surface model (Digital Surface Model, DSM).
Description of drawings
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the invention or technical scheme of the prior art, the below will do to introduce simply to the accompanying drawing of required use in embodiment or the description of the Prior Art, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes only is some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skills, under the prerequisite of not paying creative work, can also obtain according to these accompanying drawings other accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is that the present invention proposes a kind ofly extracts ground artificial and builds/method flow diagram of structures height;
Fig. 2 is that the present invention proposes a kind ofly extracts ground artificial and builds/structure drawing of device of structures height;
Fig. 3 is that the present invention proposes a kind ofly extracts ground artificial and builds/device of structures height in the high coherent point acquiring unit of candidate structural drawing;
Fig. 4 is that the present invention proposes a kind ofly extracts ground artificial and builds/device of structures height in time series interferogram processing unit structural drawing;
Fig. 5 is that the present invention proposes a kind ofly extracts ground artificial and builds/device of structures height in final high coherent point determining unit structural drawing;
Fig. 6 is that the present invention proposes a kind ofly extracts ground artificial and builds/device of structures height in ground artificial build/structures height acquiring unit structural drawing;
Fig. 7 is the embodiment process flow diagram of technical solution of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is that the embodiment of the invention is passed through the high coherent point target that time series InSAR analyzes extraction;
Fig. 9 is that the embodiment of the invention obtains the whole high coherent point object height figure that time-based sequence InSAR analyzes extraction;
Figure 10 is that the interior Beijing-Tianjin line highway in zone that the embodiment of the invention obtains is crossed the Xinhe River, Yongding bridge nearby buildings height inversion result;
Figure 11 is interior local Tianjin Metro Line No.1 auspicious scape along the line home, the zone subdistrict architecture height inversion result that the embodiment of the invention obtains;
Figure 12 is that 9 regional areas that are used for precision test that the embodiment of the invention is chosen in the zone distribute;
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described.Obviously, described embodiment only is the present invention's part embodiment, rather than whole embodiment.Based on the embodiment among the present invention, those of ordinary skills belong to the scope of protection of the invention not making the every other embodiment that obtains under the creative work prerequisite.
In the eighties in 20th century, the researchist finds can be by synthetic-aperture radar differential interferometry measuring technique (the Differential Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry of repeat track, DInSAR), two width of cloth SAR images of the areal that namely obtains by different time form interferes, then from interferometric phase, deduct the phase place that landform produces, thereby obtain the deformation data about the earth's surface.In order to overcome that the DInSAR technology is subject to that the time dephasing is done, the space dephasing is done and the restriction of the factor affecting such as atmospheric interference, the researchist has been developed time series InSAR technology, this technology has overcome some limiting factors of DInSAR technology by the point target that can keep stablizing scattering properties is analyzed with this on time series.Afterwards, the researchist has proposed again multiple time series InSAR technical Analysis method successively based on the thought of stablizing scatterer, as: Small Baseline Subset method (small baseline subsets, SBAS), Coherent Targets method (coherent target, CT) and based on the long-time sequence D InSAR analytical approach of non-linear deformation model.Because the urban area has intensive natural point target, this technology is progressively realizing the through engineering approaches application aspect the settlement monitoring in city.
Time series InSAR technology also can accurately be estimated the height of target according to isolated terrain error phase place except the deformation monitoring that can be applicable to target.The point target overwhelming majority of urban area is distributed in top of building and the arm of angle, bridge, street lamp, electric transmission pole tower, communications tower etc. and locates.Terrain error on these point targets comprises the irrelevant item of space correlation item and space.Wherein the space correlation item mainly reflects the systematic error of used digital elevation model (DEM), and irrelevant the main representative point target in space itself is with respect to the height on ground, such as the height of buildings.Therefore, except the deformation data of surveying terrain object, time series InSAR technology also can be used for studying the elevation information of terrain object.And the spatial resolution of Synthetic Aperture Radar satellite is more and more high now, so that the SAR image is more careful to the portrayal of atural object, has also greatly increased the density of the point target of extracting simultaneously.Therefore, utilize accurately to extract manually based on the time series InSAR technology of High-resolution SAR Images and build/elevation information of structures.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind ofly extract ground artificial and build/one of the method flow diagram of structures height for what the present invention proposed.The method comprises:
Step 101): according to little baseline principle combined interference picture to the synthetic-aperture radar image that covers areal is processed rise time sequence interferogram;
Step 102): the amplitude information according to described synthetic-aperture radar image filters out the high coherent point of candidate;
Step 103): described time series interferogram is processed acquisition time differential of sequence interferogram, and extract the differential interferometry phase place of the high coherent point of described candidate;
Step 104): the space correlation phase place in the differential interferometry phase place of the high coherent point of the described candidate of filtering, obtain the irrelevant phase place in space in the differential interferometry phase place of the high coherent point of described candidate; Wherein, the irrelevant phase place in described space comprises the irrelevant DEM reduction in space and residual error phase place;
Step 105): the irrelevant phase place in space in the differential interferometry phase place of the high coherent point of described candidate is processed, obtained the irrelevant DEM reduction of solution room, and from the high coherent point of described candidate, select final high coherent point;
Step 106): obtain ground artificial according to described final high coherent point and build/the structures height.
Above-mentioned steps 101 and step 102 can ambiguity be divided sequencing, still can solve the problem that prior art exists.
Preferably, described step 102 further comprises:
Step 1021): according to average and the standard deviation of synthetic-aperture radar image amplitude, obtain the amplitude deviation of synthetic-aperture radar image;
Step 1022): obtain the high coherent point of candidate in the synthetic-aperture radar image according to the amplitude deviation of described synthetic-aperture radar image; Wherein, in the described synthetic-aperture radar image amplitude deviation of a pixel greater than a setting threshold.Then a pixel is the high coherent point of candidate in the described synthetic-aperture radar image.
Further, described step 103 further comprises:
Step 1031): the digital elevation model that obtains the areal of described synthetic-aperture radar image covering;
Step 1032): according to described digital elevation model, the interferometric phase of described time series interferogram deducts the interferometric phase that landform causes, obtains time series differential interferometry figure.
Particularly, the differential interferometry phase place of the high coherent point of candidate comprises that the earth's surface is out of shape the inhomogeneous interferometric phase that causes of interferometric phase, atmosphere that causes, the error phase that the orbital data out of true causes, phase place and the dried noise of dephasing that the DEM reduction causes in the described time series interferogram; Wherein, the inhomogeneous interferometric phase that causes of interferometric phase, atmosphere that causes of described earth's surface distortion, the error phase that the orbital data out of true causes, phase place and the dried noise of dephasing that the DEM reduction causes include the irrelevant phase place of space correlation phase place and space.
Alternatively, described step 104 further comprises: be out of shape the inhomogeneous interferometric phase that causes of interferometric phase, atmosphere that causes, the error phase that the orbital data out of true causes, phase place and the dried noise of the dephasing characteristic separately that the DEM reduction causes according to described earth's surface, resolution in conjunction with described synthetic-aperture radar image is carried out self-adaptive band-pass filter, the space correlation phase place in the differential interferometry phase place of the high coherent point of the described candidate of filtering.
Preferably, described step 105) comprising:
Step 1051): valuation and residual error phase place according to the differential interferometry phase space continuous item of the interferometric phase of the high coherent point of described candidate in N time series interferogram, the high coherent point of described candidate obtain the tense coherence factor;
Step 1052) whether: determining described pixel according to described tense coherence factor is final high coherent point; Wherein, when described tense coherence factor during greater than a threshold value, then described pixel is final high coherent point;
Step 1053): the irrelevant DEM reduction in space that obtains described final high coherent point by the space search method.
Preferably, described step 106 specifically comprises:
Step 1061): utilize geocoding to obtain and build/the structures plan position information, determine described building/structures locus in conjunction with the synthetic-aperture radar image again;
Step 1062): according to spatial topotaxy the high coherent point of described building/structures is classified, identify the high coherent point at the top of described building/structures, the irrelevant DEM reduction in the space of the high coherent point at the top of described building/structures is the height of described building/structures.
As shown in Figure 2, a kind ofly extract ground artificial and build/structure drawing of device of structures height for what the present invention proposed.This device comprises:
Time series interferogram acquiring unit 201 is used for according to little baseline principle combined interference picture the synthetic-aperture radar image that covers areal is processed rise time sequence interferogram;
The high coherent point acquiring unit 202 of candidate is used for filtering out the high coherent point of candidate according to the amplitude information of described synthetic-aperture radar image;
Time series interferogram processing unit 203 is used for described time series interferogram is processed acquisition time differential of sequence interferogram, and extracts the differential interferometry phase place of the high coherent point of described candidate;
The high coherent point processing unit 204 of candidate is used for the space correlation phase place of the differential interferometry phase place of the high coherent point of the described candidate of filtering, obtains the irrelevant phase place in space in the differential interferometry phase place of the high coherent point of described candidate; Wherein, the irrelevant phase place in described space comprises the irrelevant DEM reduction in space and residual error phase place;
Final high coherent point determining unit 205 is used for the irrelevant phase place in space of the differential interferometry phase place of the high coherent point of described candidate is processed, and obtains the irrelevant DEM reduction of solution room, and select final high coherent point from the high coherent point of described candidate;
Ground artificial is built/structures height acquiring unit 206, is used for obtaining ground artificial according to described final high coherent point and builds/the structures height.
As shown in Figure 3, for the present invention propose a kind ofly extract ground artificial and build/device of structures height in the high coherent point acquiring unit of candidate structural drawing.Described candidate is high, and coherent point acquiring unit 202 comprises:
Amplitude deviation acquisition module 2021 is used for average and standard deviation according to synthetic-aperture radar image amplitude, obtains the amplitude deviation of synthetic-aperture radar image;
Judge the high coherent point module 2022 of candidate, be used for obtaining according to the amplitude deviation of described synthetic-aperture radar image the high coherent point of candidate of synthetic-aperture radar image; Wherein, in the described synthetic-aperture radar image amplitude deviation of a pixel greater than a setting threshold.Then this is the high coherent point of candidate.
As shown in Figure 4, for the present invention propose a kind ofly extract ground artificial and build/device of structures height in time series interferogram processing unit structural drawing.Described time series interferogram processing unit 203 comprises:
Set up digital elevation model module 2031, for the digital elevation model of the areal that obtains described synthetic-aperture radar image covering;
Acquisition time differential of sequence interferogram module 2032 is used for according to described digital elevation model, and the interferometric phase of described time series interferogram deducts the interferometric phase that landform causes, obtains time series differential interferometry figure.
The differential interferometry phase place of the high coherent point of candidate that described time series interferogram processing unit 203 obtains comprises that the earth's surface is out of shape the inhomogeneous interferometric phase that causes of interferometric phase, atmosphere that causes, the error phase that the orbital data out of true causes, phase place and the dried noise of dephasing that the DEM reduction causes; Wherein, the inhomogeneous interferometric phase that causes of interferometric phase, atmosphere that causes of described earth's surface distortion, the error phase that the orbital data out of true causes, phase place and the dried noise of dephasing that the DEM reduction causes include the irrelevant phase place of space correlation phase place and space.
Further, the high coherent point processing unit 204 of described candidate is further used for the inhomogeneous interferometric phase that causes of interferometric phase, atmosphere that causes according to the distortion of described earth's surface, the error phase that the orbital data out of true causes, phase place and the dried noise of the dephasing characteristic separately that the DEM reduction causes, resolution in conjunction with described synthetic-aperture radar image is carried out self-adaptive band-pass filter, the space correlation phase place in the differential interferometry phase place of the high coherent point of the described candidate of filtering.
As shown in Figure 5, for the present invention propose a kind ofly extract ground artificial and build/device of structures height in final high coherent point determining unit structural drawing.Described final high coherent point determining unit 205 comprises:
Tense coherence factor acquisition module 2051 is used for obtaining the tense coherence factor according to the high coherent point of candidate in valuation and the residual error phase place of the differential interferometry phase space continuous item of the interferometric phase of N time series interferogram, the high coherent point of described candidate;
Final high coherent point determination module 2052, whether be used for determining the high coherent point of described candidate according to described tense coherence factor is final high coherent point; Wherein, when described tense coherence factor during greater than a threshold value, then the high coherent point of described candidate is final high coherent point;
As shown in Figure 6, for the present invention propose a kind ofly extract ground artificial and build/device of structures height in ground artificial build/structures height acquiring unit structural drawing.Described ground artificial builds/and structures height acquiring unit 206 comprises:
Build/structures spatial positional information acquisition module 2061, be used for utilizing geocoding to obtain and build/the structures plan position information, determine described building/structures locus in conjunction with the synthetic-aperture radar image again;
Build/the height acquisition module 2062 of structures, be used for according to spatial topotaxy the high coherent point of described building/structures being classified, identify the high coherent point at the top of described building/structures, the irrelevant DEM reduction in the space of the high coherent point at the top of described building/structures is the height of described building/structures.
Embodiment:
As shown in Figure 7, be the embodiment process flow diagram of technical solution of the present invention.Technical scheme steps comprises:
Steps A: according to little baseline principle combined interference picture pair, generate differential interferometry figure.
Obtain the above High-resolution SAR Images of 10 scapes that covers areal, to selection principle, namely the Space Baseline of two scape SAR images is less than the threshold value of setting according to little base line interference, and the time interval of obtaining simultaneously is less than the threshold value of setting.All two scape images that satisfy such condition are formed interferogram.Then utilize existing DEM(usually can utilize the SRTM DEM of Free Acquisition) the landform phase place removed in each interferogram obtains differential interferometry figure, the differential interferometry phase place of x pixel on i differential interferometry figure then
Can be expressed as:
In the formula, φ
D, x, iBe out of shape the interferometric phase that causes for the earth's surface; φ
A, x, iThe interferometric phase that causes for atmosphere is inhomogeneous; Δ φ
S, x, iThe error phase that causes for the orbital data out of true; Δ φ
θ, x, iFor the DEM error (is DEM reduction Δ h
x) phase place that causes; φ
N, x, iBe the dried noise of dephasing.
In certain space length, φ
D, x, i, φ
A, x, iWith Δ φ
S, x, iHas stronger spatial correlation characteristic, φ
N, x, iShow as random noise.By DEM reduction Δ h
xThe Δ φ that causes
θ, x, iCan be divided into the space correlation item
With irrelevant of space
The space correlation item
The systematic error of reflection DEM
The irrelevant phase place in space
With the irrelevant DEM reduction in space
Linear dependence, reflection be that pixel x is with respect to the height of reference DEM.Therefore, formula (1) can be rewritten as:
In the formula,
Expression
The space correlation item.The differential interferometry phase place that is each pixel among the differential interferometry figure is the irrelevant phase place composition of space correlation phase place and space.
Step B: screen high correlation candidate point based on amplitude information.
Algorithm based on the amplitude information of High-resolution SAR Images is quick and easy, therefore can be by loose threshold value be set, as much as possiblely select high correlation candidate point.These high correlation candidate points can utilize the phase information processing of refining in follow-up step.High-resolution SAR Images amplitude deviation D
ABe defined as:
D
A≈σ
A/μ
A (3)
In the formula, σ
AWith μ
AThe average and the standard deviation that represent respectively the amplitude of High-resolution SAR Images.
Step C: separated space dependent phase.
According to the characteristic of each phase place in the formula (1), in conjunction with the resolution setting spatial grid of SAR image size, in each graticule mesh, use space correlation phase place in the adaptive bandpass filter filtering formula (1) according to formula (4)
In the formula,
The space correlation item that the expression bandpass filtering obtains
Valuation, space correlation item residual phase δ
X, iVery little, can with φ
N, x, iBe incorporated as the residual error phase delta phi
Res, x, iAnd
With the irrelevant DEM reduction in space
Relation be designated as:
In the formula, coefficient a is determined by oblique distance, incident angle and the radar wavelength of this point, is a known quantity.B
⊥, x, iThe vertical parallax distance of x pixel in i width of cloth interferogram.
Step D: adopt the irrelevant DEM reduction of space search method solution room, and determine final high coherent point.
For high coherent point target, it need to keep phase stabilization in time series, namely needs the residual error phase delta phi
Res, x, iAbsolute value be no more than π, simultaneously keep stable at the time series interferogram.Therefore, take pixel x as example, pixel x is the high coherent point of candidate, can identify and extract final high coherent point target by the residual error phase place of analyzing pixel x.Definition tense coherence factor γ
xThe index that keeps phase stability as pixel x at N time series interferogram, tense coherence factor γ
xObtain according to formula (6);
Because residual error phase delta phi
Res, x, iMainly by noise dominates, so γ
xCan reflect that pixel x is subjected to the noise pollution degree, and γ
xLarger, illustrate that the quality of this pixel is higher, therefore can define γ
xAs judging whether pixel x is the criterion of high coherent point target.Because the winding of phase place so that formula (6) is an indeterminate equation, does not have the solution of determining.But work as | Δ φ
Res, x, i| during＜π, can adopt the space search method to find the solution.Consider simultaneously
With the irrelevant DEM reduction in space
Therefore linear dependence can utilize the space search method to estimate
Simultaneously so that tense coherence factor γ
xObtain maximal value.Work as γ
xDuring greater than the threshold value set, can think that pixel x is final high coherent point target, also obtain the irrelevant reduction in DEM space corresponding to this high coherent point target simultaneously
Optimum solution.
Step e: high coherent point Target space position classification, extract depth of building.
In the urban area, high coherent point target mainly is distributed in manually and builds/structures on.And time series InSAR technology removal landform is the most frequently used outside dem data such as SRTM DEM, ASTER GDEM etc., mostly can not embody in the urban area and to build/the structures height, the elevation of a certain high coherent point target on reference DEM is not the actual elevation of this point target.In fact, the irrelevant DEM reduction in space
What reflect namely is that these high coherent point targets are with respect to the height of reference DEM.In addition, have benefited from the high resolution image data so that high coherent point target density increases greatly, build/structures on detailed structure can fully be identified.Obtain the irrelevant DEM reduction in space of each high coherent point target by time series InSAR technology
After, utilize geocoding to obtain its plan position information, determine the locus in conjunction with the high-resolution optical image again.According to spatial topotaxy high coherent point target is classified, identify the high coherent point target that is positioned at building top, this locates the irrelevant DEM reduction in space corresponding to high coherent point target
Be manually build/height of structures extracts.
For validity and the superiority that technical solution of the present invention is described better, existing corresponding to the following comparative analysis of the embodiment of the invention after the technique scheme: as shown in Figure 8, that the embodiment of the invention is passed through the domestic high coherent point target of Beichen District that time series InSAR analyzes the northwestward, Tianjin of extracting, this zone actual (tube) length 6.6km, wide 8.5km, area coverage is about 60km
2, the final detection obtains 446176 high coherent point, and density is about 7500 high being correlated with/km
2As shown in Figure 9, analyze the whole high coherent point object height figure that extracts, the m of unit for embodiment of the invention time-based sequence InSAR.As shown in figure 10, be the regional area that the embodiment of the invention obtains, Beijing-Tianjin line highway is crossed near the part depth of building inverting achievements exhibition of the Xinhe River, Yongding bridge.As shown in figure 11, be near the part depth of building inverting achievements exhibition in residential quarter, regional area Tianjin Metro Line No.1 auspicious scape home along the line that the embodiment of the invention obtains.As shown in figure 12, be 9 regional area distribution schematic diagrams that are used for precision test that the embodiment of the invention is chosen in the embodiment zone.In order to verify the precision of inventive embodiments inversion result, utilize the altitude information of choosing 22 atural objects in the non-prism total powerstation field survey embodiment zone as true value InSAR inverting depth of building result to be carried out precision test, as shown in table 1, the error to standard deviation of inversion result is 2.1m, average 0.8m.The result shows, the depth of building inversion result precision of the embodiment of the invention is higher.
One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that all or part of step that realizes in above-described embodiment method is to come the instruction related hardware to finish by program, described program can be stored in the computer read/write memory medium, this program is when carrying out, comprise above-mentioned all or part of step, described storage medium, as: ROM/RAM, disk, CD etc.
Table 1 unit/m
Above-described embodiment; purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect are further described; institute is understood that; the above only is the specific embodiment of the present invention; the protection domain that is not intended to limit the present invention; within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any modification of making, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (14)
1. one kind is extracted ground artificial and builds/method of structures height, it is characterized in that, the method comprises:
According to little baseline principle combined interference picture to the synthetic-aperture radar image that covers areal is processed rise time sequence interferogram;
Amplitude information according to described synthetic-aperture radar image filters out the high coherent point of candidate;
Described time series interferogram is processed acquisition time differential of sequence interferogram, and extract the differential interferometry phase place of the high coherent point of described candidate;
Space correlation phase place in the differential interferometry phase place of the high coherent point of the described candidate of filtering is obtained the irrelevant phase place in space in the differential interferometry phase place of the high coherent point of described candidate; Wherein, the irrelevant phase place in described space comprises the irrelevant DEM reduction in space and residual error phase place;
The irrelevant phase place in space in the differential interferometry phase place of the high coherent point of described candidate is processed, obtained the irrelevant DEM reduction of solution room, and from the high coherent point of described candidate, select final high coherent point;
Obtaining ground artificial according to described final high coherent point builds/the structures height.
2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, the step that described amplitude information according to described synthetic-aperture radar image filters out the high coherent point of candidate comprises:
According to average and the standard deviation of synthetic-aperture radar image amplitude, obtain the amplitude deviation of synthetic-aperture radar image;
Obtain the high coherent point of candidate in the synthetic-aperture radar image according to the amplitude deviation of described synthetic-aperture radar image; Wherein, in the described synthetic-aperture radar image amplitude deviation of a pixel greater than a setting threshold.Then a pixel is the high coherent point of candidate in the described synthetic-aperture radar image.
3. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, the described step that described time series interferogram is processed acquisition time differential of sequence interferogram comprises:
Obtain the digital elevation model of the areal of described synthetic-aperture radar image covering;
According to described digital elevation model, the interferometric phase of described time series interferogram deducts the interferometric phase that landform causes, obtains time series differential interferometry figure.
4. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that, the differential interferometry phase place of the high coherent point of described candidate comprises that the earth's surface is out of shape the inhomogeneous interferometric phase that causes of interferometric phase, atmosphere that causes, the error phase that the orbital data out of true causes, phase place and the dried noise of dephasing that the DEM reduction causes; Wherein, the phase place and the dried noise of dephasing that cause of the inhomogeneous interferometric phase that causes of interferometric phase, atmosphere that causes of described earth's surface distortion, the irrelevant DEM reduction in error phase, space that the orbital data out of true causes includes the irrelevant phase place of space correlation phase place and space.
5. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, the step of the space correlation phase place in the differential interferometry phase place of the high coherent point of the described candidate of described filtering further comprises:
Be out of shape the inhomogeneous interferometric phase that causes of interferometric phase, atmosphere that causes, the error phase that the orbital data out of true causes, phase place and the dried noise of the dephasing characteristic separately that the DEM reduction causes according to described earth's surface, resolution in conjunction with described synthetic-aperture radar image is carried out self-adaptive band-pass filter, the space correlation phase place in the differential interferometry phase place of the high coherent point of the described candidate of filtering.
6. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, the described step that the irrelevant phase place in space in the differential interferometry phase place of the high coherent point of described candidate is processed comprises:
Valuation and described residual error phase place according to the differential interferometry phase space continuous item of the interferometric phase of the high coherent point of described candidate in N time series interferogram, the high coherent point of described candidate obtain the tense coherence factor;
Whether determine described pixel according to described tense coherence factor is final high coherent point; Wherein, when described tense coherence factor during greater than a threshold value, then described pixel is final high coherent point;
Obtain the irrelevant DEM reduction in space of described final high coherent point by the space search method.
7. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, describedly obtain ground artificial according to described final high coherent point and build/step of structures height comprises:
Utilize geocoding to obtain and build/the structures plan position information, determine described building/structures locus in conjunction with the synthetic-aperture radar image again;
According to spatial topotaxy the high coherent point of described building/structures is classified, identify the high coherent point at the top of described building/structures, the irrelevant DEM reduction in the space of the high coherent point at the top of described building/structures is the height of described building/structures.
8. one kind is extracted ground artificial and builds/device of structures height, it is characterized in that, this device comprises:
Time series interferogram acquiring unit is used for according to little baseline principle combined interference picture the synthetic-aperture radar image that covers areal is processed rise time sequence interferogram;
The high coherent point acquiring unit of candidate is used for filtering out the high coherent point of candidate according to the amplitude information of described synthetic-aperture radar image;
Time series interferogram processing unit is used for described time series interferogram is processed acquisition time differential of sequence interferogram, and extracts the interferometric phase of the high coherent point of described candidate;
The high coherent point processing unit of candidate is used for the space correlation phase place of the differential interferometry phase place of the high coherent point of the described candidate of filtering, obtains the irrelevant phase place in space in the differential interferometry phase place of the high coherent point of described candidate; Wherein, the irrelevant phase place in described space comprises the irrelevant DEM reduction in space and residual error phase place;
Final high coherent point determining unit is used for the irrelevant phase place in space of the differential interferometry phase place of the high coherent point of described candidate is processed, and obtains the irrelevant DEM reduction of solution room, and select final high coherent point from the high coherent point of described candidate;
Ground artificial is built/structures height acquiring unit, is used for obtaining ground artificial according to described final high coherent point and builds/the structures height.
9. device as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, described candidate is high, and the coherent point acquiring unit comprises:
Amplitude deviation acquisition module is used for average and standard deviation according to synthetic-aperture radar image amplitude, obtains the amplitude deviation of synthetic-aperture radar image;
Judge the high coherent point module of candidate, be used for obtaining according to the amplitude deviation of described synthetic-aperture radar image the high coherent point of candidate of synthetic-aperture radar image; Wherein, in the described synthetic-aperture radar image amplitude deviation of a pixel greater than a setting threshold.Then this is the high coherent point of candidate.
10. device as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, described time series interferogram processing unit comprises:
Set up the digital elevation model module, for the digital elevation model of the areal that obtains described synthetic-aperture radar image covering;
Acquisition time differential of sequence interferogram module is used for according to described digital elevation model, and the interferometric phase of described time series interferogram deducts the interferometric phase that landform causes, obtains time series differential interferometry figure.
11. device as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that, the differential interferometry phase place of the high coherent point of candidate that described time series interferogram processing unit obtains comprises phase place and the dried noise of dephasing that the inhomogeneous interferometric phase that causes of interferometric phase, atmosphere that earth's surface distortion causes, the irrelevant DEM reduction in error phase, space that the orbital data out of true causes cause; Wherein, the inhomogeneous interferometric phase that causes of interferometric phase, atmosphere that causes of described earth's surface distortion, the error phase that the orbital data out of true causes, phase place and the dried noise of dephasing that the DEM reduction causes include the irrelevant phase place of space correlation phase place and space.
12. device as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that, phase place and the dried noise of dephasing characteristic separately that the inhomogeneous interferometric phase that causes of interferometric phase, atmosphere that the high coherent point processing unit of described candidate is further used for causing according to the distortion of described earth's surface, the irrelevant DEM reduction in error phase, space that the orbital data out of true causes cause, resolution in conjunction with described synthetic-aperture radar image is carried out self-adaptive band-pass filter, the space correlation phase place in the differential interferometry phase place of the high coherent point of the described candidate of filtering.
13. device as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, described final high coherent point determining unit comprises:
Tense coherence factor acquisition module is used for obtaining the tense coherence factor according to the high coherent point of candidate in valuation and the residual error phase place of the differential interferometry phase space continuous item of the interferometric phase of N time series interferogram, the high coherent point of described candidate;
Final high coherent point determination module, whether be used for determining the high coherent point of described candidate according to described tense coherence factor is final high coherent point; Wherein, when described tense coherence factor during greater than a threshold value, then the high coherent point of described candidate is final high coherent point;
The space search module is for the irrelevant DEM reduction in space that obtains described final high coherent point by the space search method.
14. device as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, and described ground artificial builds/and structures height acquiring unit comprises:
Build/structures spatial positional information acquisition module, be used for utilizing geocoding to obtain and build/the structures plan position information, determine described building/structures locus in conjunction with the synthetic-aperture radar image again;
Build/the height acquisition module of structures, be used for according to spatial topotaxy the high coherent point of described building/structures being classified, identify the high coherent point at the top of described building/structures, the irrelevant DEM reduction in the space of the high coherent point at the top of described building/structures is the height of described building/structures.
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