CN102865852B - Elevation calibration method and device for digital elevation model data - Google Patents
Elevation calibration method and device for digital elevation model data Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an elevation calibration method and device for digital elevation model data. The method comprises the following steps: unifying height datum of ice cloud and ground level geoscientific laser altimetry data and height datum of digital elevation model data;extracting a geoscientific laser altimetry data elevation value and a digital elevation model elevation value of the same point location; establishing an elevation calibration model using the geoscientific laser altimetry data elevation value and the digital elevation model elevation value of the same point location; and calibrating the digital elevation model data using the elevation calibration model. According to the technical scheme, the elevation calibration model is established based on the ice cloud and ground level satellite geoscientific laser altimetry data, elevation calibration is performed on the digital elevation model of space shuttle radar mapping plan through the elevation calibration model so that the elevation value precision of the digital elevation model is greatly improved, the calibrated digital elevation model becomes reliable fundamental geographic information data and provides reference for developing various scientific research and engineering applications.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the digital elevation model in survey field, particularly a kind of Law of DEM Data elevation calibration steps and device to Space Shuttle Radar topographic mapping plan (SRTM).
Background technology
Digital elevation model (Digital Elevation Model, vehicle economy M), it is a kind of actual ground model that represents ground elevation by one group of orderly array of values form, digital terrain model (Digital Terrain Model, be called for short DTM) a branch, other various terrain feature values all can derive from thus.It is generally acknowledged, DTM is the various geomorphologic factors of describing including elevation, if the factors such as the gradient, slope aspect, change of slope are in interior linearity and the space distribution of nonlinear combination, wherein DEM is the simple individual event of zeroth order numeral landform model, and other can derive from as landforms characteristics such as the gradient, slope aspect and change of slopes on the basis of DEM.What describe due to DEM is ground elevation information, and it has a wide range of applications in the national economy such as mapping, the hydrology, glacier, meteorology, landforms, geology, soil, engineering construction, communication, meteorology, military affairs and national defense construction and humanity and natural science field.As in engineering construction, can be used for as Earthwork Calculation, intervisibility analysis etc.; Aspect flood control and disaster reduction, DEM carries out hydrological analysis to calculate, flood the basis of analysis etc. as water catchment area analysis, river system network analysis, rainfall analysis, flood storage; In wireless telecommunications, can be used for cellular base station and analyze etc.
2000, by (the NationalAeronautics and SpaceAdministration of US National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NASA) Space Shuttle Radar topographic mapping plan (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission, SRTM) the global north latitude 60 obtaining is spent to the digital elevation model (DEM) (about 90m resolution) between south latitude 56 degree, as vertical precision is the highest so far global Law of DEM Data, (nominal vertical precision is 16m, be better than the nominal vertical precision 20m of ASTER GDEM), various scientific researches and engineering application are widely used in.But the C-band radar signal of obtaining this DEM is extremely strong to the penetrability in earth's surface (the particularly area such as glacier, desert), can reach at most 10m, causes the surperficial elevation of digital elevation model lower than true elevation; This external mountain area, because the discrepancy in elevation is larger, topographic relief is violent, the shade of massif and the folded vertical accuracy that has also had a strong impact on digital elevation model of covering, therefore directly Applied Digital elevation model will bring larger error.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is for the problems referred to above, propose a kind of based on ice cloud and floor level satellite learn digital elevation model elevation calibration steps and the device of laser-measured height data to Space Shuttle Radar topographic mapping plan (SRTM), improved digital elevation model elevation degree of accuracy.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides one to Law of DEM Data elevation calibration steps, the method comprises:
By ice cloud and floor level satellite to learn the height datum of laser-measured height data and the height datum of Law of DEM Data unitized;
Extract the ice cloud of identical point position and floor level satellite and learn laser-measured height data height value and digital elevation model height value;
Utilize the ice cloud of described identical point position and floor level satellite and learn laser-measured height data height value and digital elevation model height value is set up elevation calibrating patterns;
Utilize described elevation calibrating patterns to carry out elevation calibration to digital elevation model.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, described in extract the ice cloud of identical point position and floor level satellite and learn laser-measured height data height value and digital elevation model height value step comprises:
By ice cloud and floor level satellite learn laser-measured height data and be converted to point vector, Law of DEM Data is converted to face vector;
By the ice cloud after conversion and floor level satellite learn laser-measured height data and Law of DEM Data and be stacked Calais and obtain the common factor of two vectors;
Extract the ice cloud of identical point position and floor level satellite according to common factor result and learn laser-measured height data height value and digital elevation model height value.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, learn laser-measured height data height value and digital elevation model height value the described ice cloud that utilizes described identical point position and floor level satellite and set up elevation calibrating patterns step and comprise:
Learn laser-measured height data height value and digital elevation model height value carries out regretional analysis and obtains calibrating patterns coefficient ice cloud to identical point position and floor level satellite;
Set up elevation calibrating patterns according to described calibrating patterns coefficient.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, described elevation calibrating patterns is polynomial expression calibrating patterns or linear gauging model.
For achieving the above object, the present invention also proposes a kind of to Law of DEM Data elevation calibrating installation, and this device comprises:
The height datum unit that unitizes, for by ice cloud and floor level satellite learn the height datum of laser-measured height data and the height datum of Law of DEM Data is unitized;
Height value unit, learns laser-measured height data height value and digital elevation model height value for extracting the ice cloud of identical point position and floor level satellite;
Elevation calibrating patterns unit, for utilizing the ice cloud of described identical point position and floor level satellite and learn laser-measured height data height value and digital elevation model height value being set up elevation calibrating patterns;
Alignment unit, for utilizing this elevation calibrating patterns to calibrate Law of DEM Data.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, described height value unit comprises:
Data conversion module, for by ice cloud and floor level satellite learn laser-measured height data and be converted to point vector, Law of DEM Data is converted to face vector;
Laminating module, for by the ice cloud after conversion and floor level satellite learn laser-measured height data and Law of DEM Data and be stacked Calais and obtain the common factor of two vectors;
Extract height value module, learn laser-measured height data height value and digital elevation model height value for extract the ice cloud of identical point position and floor level satellite according to common factor result.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, described elevation calibrating patterns unit comprises:
Calibrating patterns coefficient module, for the ice cloud to identical point position and floor level satellite learn laser-measured height data height value and digital elevation model height value and carry out regretional analysis and obtain calibrating patterns coefficient;
MBM, for setting up elevation calibrating patterns according to described calibrating patterns coefficient.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, the elevation calibrating patterns that described MBM obtains is polynomial expression calibrating patterns or linear gauging model.
Technique scheme has following beneficial effect: the technical program be based on ice cloud and floor level satellite learn laser-measured height data and set up elevation calibrating patterns, by elevation calibrating patterns, digital elevation model is carried out to elevation calibration, the height value precision of digital elevation model is increased substantially, and this technical scheme provides a kind of feasibility way for obtaining high-precision global earth's surface altitude figures.Further, the digital elevation model after calibration becomes reliable Fundamental Geographic Information Data, provides reference for carrying out the application of various scientific researches and engineering.
Brief description of the drawings
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, to the accompanying drawing of required use in embodiment or description of the Prior Art be briefly described below, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is only some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, do not paying under the prerequisite of creative work, can also obtain according to these accompanying drawings other accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is a kind of to Law of DEM Data elevation calibration steps process flow diagram;
Fig. 2 is a kind of to Law of DEM Data elevation calibrating installation structured flowchart;
Fig. 3 is a kind of to height value cellular construction schematic diagram in Law of DEM Data elevation calibrating installation;
Fig. 4 is a kind of to elevation calibrating patterns cellular construction schematic diagram in Law of DEM Data elevation calibrating installation;
Fig. 5 be the ice cloud of embodiment of the present invention test site and floor level satellite learn laser-measured height systematic survey Global land surface altitude figures distribution plan;
Fig. 6 is the digital elevation model figure of embodiment of the present invention test site;
Fig. 7 is the histogram of the digital elevation model figure of embodiment of the present invention test site;
Fig. 8 be the ice cloud of embodiment of the present invention test site and floor level satellite learn the scatter diagram of altitude figures and the digital elevation model altitude figures of laser-measured height system;
Fig. 9 is the digital elevation model figure after the elevation of embodiment of the present invention test site is calibrated;
Figure 10 is the histogram of the digital elevation model figure after the elevation of embodiment of the present invention test site is calibrated.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiment.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making the every other embodiment obtaining under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
US National Aeronautics and Space Administration launched and has been specifically designed to the ICESAT satellite (Ice that measures ice and snow, cloud layer and floor level in January, 2003, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite, ICESAT), laser-measured height system (Geoscience Laser Altimeter System is learned on the ground of its lift-launch, GLAS) hot spot that is about 65m by every 172m extraction diameter can accurately be measured earth's surface elevation, and on smooth ice face, its precision reaches 0.02m.Due to ice cloud and floor level satellite learn laser-measured height system can obtain the hot spot altitude figures of global range (ICESAT has 15 class data products, respectively called after GLA01, GLA02 ..., GLA15, wherein GLA14 measures Global land surface elevation).Therefore, the application sets up elevation calibrating patterns based on these data, and digital elevation model is calibrated, and improves the vertical accuracy of digital elevation model, becomes reliable Fundamental Geographic Information Data, for carrying out various scientific researches and engineering application provides reference.
As shown in Figure 1, for one is to Law of DEM Data elevation calibration steps process flow diagram.This elevation calibration steps comprises:
Step 101: by ice cloud and floor level satellite to learn the height datum of laser-measured height data and the height datum of Law of DEM Data unitized, make ice cloud and floor level satellite and learn the height datum of laser-measured height data and the height datum of digital elevation model is consistent, ensure that the two has identical elevation reference frame.Wherein, height datum is unitized is in order to allow two kinds of altitude figuress have identical normative reference, otherwise two kinds of altitude figuress cannot compare mutually.Two kinds of data height value extracting on this basis identical point position, just can contrast, and then set up elevation calibrating patterns.
Utilize ice cloud and floor level satellite and learn laser-measured height data and calibrate Law of DEM Data, first must by ice cloud and floor level satellite to learn the reference data of laser-measured height data and Law of DEM Data unified.Unifying datum is divided into two parts, is first the unification of reference ellipsoid, is secondly the unification of reference frame.All ice clouds and floor level satellite ground is learned laser-measured height data and is all used TOPEX/Poseidon ellipsoid as with reference to ellipsoid, and Law of DEM Data is using WGS-84 as with reference to ellipsoid.Due to ice cloud and floor level satellite learn reference frame that laser-measured height data acquisition uses and the reference frame of WGS-84 is all IRTF2000.Therefore, only need ice cloud and floor level satellite learn laser-measured height data and be transformed into WGS-84 ellipsoid according to formula (1) and formula (2) from TOPEX/Poseidon ellipsoid.
B＝B
ICESAT+dB
h＝h
ICESAT+dh
(2)
L＝L
ICESAT
In formula: B is geodetic latitude; L is geodetic longitude; M is radius of curvature of meridian; N is radius of curvature in prime vertical; Da is the poor of TOPEX/Poseidon ellipsoid and WGS84 semimajor axis of ellipsoid; D α is the poor of TOPEX/Poseidon ellipsoid and WGS84 flattening of ellipsoid; E is the first excentricity of ellipsoid.Table 1 is TOPEX/Poseidon ellipsoid and WGS84 ellipsoidal parameter.Because the difference of two ellipsoids on longitude and latitude is not very large, substantially can regard only variant in short transverse as.Therefore conventionally above adopt at present experimental formula (3), so greatly simplified the calculating of Data Comparison between two different ellipsoids.
dh＝cos
2Bda+sin
2Bdb (3)
In formula, B is geodetic latitude; Da is the poor of TOPEX/Poseidon ellipsoid and WGS84 semimajor axis of ellipsoid; Db is the poor of TOPEX/Poseidon ellipsoid and WGS84 semiminor axis of ellipsoid.
Table 1TOPEX/Poseidon ellipsoid and WGS84 reference ellipsoid parameter
| topEX/Poseidon ellipsoid | WGS-84 | |
| Major semi-axis/a | 6378136.300000 | 6378137.000000 |
| Minor semi-axis/b | 6356751.600563 | 6356752.314245 |
| Ellipticity/f | 1/298.25700000 | 1/298.25722356 |
| Excentricity/e | 0.081819221456 | 0.081819190843 |
Step 102: the height value and the digital elevation model height value that extract the ice cloud of identical point position and floor level satellite and learn laser-measured height data;
In AcrGIS by ice cloud and floor level satellite learn laser-measured height data and be converted into point vector, Law of DEM Data is converted into face vector, and ask the common factor of two vectors, both comprised ice cloud and floor level satellite and learned the spot elevation that laser-measured height data message also comprises Law of DEM Data information.The position of DEM spot elevation overlaps with the high point of survey that laser-measured height system is learned on ice cloud and floor level satellite ground.So just obtain the elevation of two kinds of data on same geographic position.
Step 103: utilize the ice cloud of described identical point position and floor level satellite and learn height value and the digital elevation model height value of laser-measured height data to set up elevation calibrating patterns;
Two kinds of the identical point positions height value of extracting is carried out to regretional analysis, set up suitable elevation calibrating patterns according to related coefficient size, as polynomial expression calibrating patterns or linear gauging model.Wherein polynomial expression elevation calibrating patterns can be expressed as:
y＝a
0+a
1x+a
2x
2+a
3x
3 (4)
Linear elevation calibrating patterns can be expressed as
y＝a
0+a
1x (5)
In formula, independent variable x is digital elevation model height value, dependent variable y be ice cloud and floor level satellite learn the height value of laser-measured height data, a
0... a
3be calibrating patterns coefficient.
Step 104: utilize this elevation calibrating patterns to calibrate Law of DEM Data.
As shown in Figure 2, for one is to Law of DEM Data elevation calibrating installation structured flowchart.This device comprises height datum unitize unit 21, height value unit 22, elevation calibrating patterns unit 23 and alignment unit 24.The unitized unit 21 of height datum for by ice cloud and floor level satellite learn the height datum of laser-measured height data and the height datum of Law of DEM Data is unitized; Height value and the digital elevation model height value of laser-measured height data learned in height value unit 22 for extracting the ice cloud of identical point position and floor level satellite; Elevation calibrating patterns unit 23 is learned height value and the digital elevation model height value of laser-measured height data and is set up elevation calibrating patterns for utilizing the ice cloud of described identical point position and floor level satellite; Alignment unit 24 is for utilizing this elevation calibrating patterns to calibrate Law of DEM Data.
As shown in Figure 3, for one is to height value cellular construction schematic diagram in Law of DEM Data elevation calibrating installation.Height value unit 22 comprises data conversion module 221, laminating module 222 and extracts height value module 223.Data conversion module 221 for by ice cloud and floor level satellite learn laser-measured height data and be converted to point vector, Law of DEM Data is converted to face vector; Laminating module 222 for by the ice cloud after conversion and floor level satellite learn laser-measured height data and Law of DEM Data and be stacked Calais and obtain the common factor of two vectors; Extract height value module 223 and learn height value and the digital elevation model height value of laser-measured height data for extract the ice cloud of identical point position and floor level satellite according to common factor result.
As shown in Figure 4, for one is to elevation calibrating patterns cellular construction schematic diagram in Law of DEM Data elevation calibrating installation.Elevation calibrating patterns unit 23 comprises calibrating patterns coefficient module 231 and MBM 232.Wherein, calibrating patterns coefficient module 231 for the ice cloud to identical point position and floor level satellite learn the height value of laser-measured height data and Law of DEM Data height value and carry out regretional analysis and obtain calibrating patterns coefficient; MBM 232 is for setting up elevation calibrating patterns according to described calibrating patterns coefficient.
For validity and the superiority of technical solution of the present invention are described better, existing correspondence is carried out following comparative analysis with the embodiment of the present invention after technique scheme and initial number elevation model:
As shown in Figure 5, for the ice cloud of embodiment of the present invention test site and floor level satellite learn laser-measured height systematic survey Global land surface altitude figures distribution plan.3 bands that the Yangtze Source that the embodiment of the present invention is used respectively draws Operation in Dandong Area are learned laser-measured height systematic survey Global land surface altitude figures distribution situation (background is Landsat Landsat TM image) totally 1200 ice clouds and floor level satellite, and in figure, stain is 40 data for precision test.As shown in Figure 8, for the ice cloud of identical point position, embodiment of the present invention test site and floor level satellite learn the scatter diagram of laser-measured height systematic survey Global land surface altitude figures and digital elevation model altitude figures.As can be seen from Figure 8 the scatter diagram of two kinds of altitude figuress of the embodiment of the present invention and the linear elevation calibrating patterns that adopts, the Monomial coefficient of linear elevation calibrating patterns is 1.006, constant term coefficient is-74.5.As shown in Figure 6, be the digital elevation model figure of embodiment of the present invention test site; As shown in Figure 7, be the histogram of the digital elevation model figure of embodiment of the present invention test site; As shown in Figure 9, be the digital elevation model figure after the elevation calibration of embodiment of the present invention test site; As shown in figure 10, be the histogram of the digital elevation model figure after the elevation calibration of embodiment of the present invention test site.In order to compare the precision of embodiment elevation calibrating patterns, utilize and do not participate in 40 ice clouds that model calculates and floor level satellite and learn laser-measured height systematic survey Global land surface height value carrying out contrast verification with the calibration front and back digital elevation model height value of same position, as shown in table 2 below, in table, the unit of data is m.Digital elevation model dispersed elevation error before calibration is 40.98m, and the digital elevation model dispersed elevation error after calibration is 6.53m.Result shows, the elevation calibrating patterns of the embodiment of the present invention can significantly improve the height value precision of digital elevation model.
Table 2
One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that all or part of step realizing in above-described embodiment method is can carry out instruction related hardware by program to complete, described program can be stored in a computer read/write memory medium, this program is in the time carrying out, comprise above-mentioned all or part of step, described storage medium, as: ROM/RAM, disk, CD etc.
Above-described embodiment; object of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect are further described; institute is understood that; the foregoing is only the specific embodiment of the present invention; the protection domain being not intended to limit the present invention; within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment of making, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. to a digital elevation model elevation calibration steps, it is characterized in that, comprising:
By ice cloud and floor level satellite to learn the height datum of laser-measured height data and the height datum of Law of DEM Data unitized;
Extract the ice cloud of identical point position and floor level satellite and learn laser-measured height data height value and digital elevation model height value;
Utilize the ice cloud of described identical point position and floor level satellite and learn laser-measured height data height value and digital elevation model height value is set up elevation calibrating patterns;
Utilize described elevation calibrating patterns to carry out elevation calibration to digital elevation model;
Wherein, described in, extract the ice cloud of identical point position and floor level satellite and learn laser-measured height data height value and digital elevation model height value step comprises:
By ice cloud and floor level satellite learn laser-measured height data and be converted to point vector, Law of DEM Data is converted to face vector;
By the ice cloud after conversion and floor level satellite learn laser-measured height data and Law of DEM Data and be stacked Calais and obtain the common factor of two vectors;
Extract the ice cloud of identical point position and floor level satellite according to common factor result and learn laser-measured height data height value and digital elevation model height value.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, learns laser-measured height data height value and digital elevation model height value the described ice cloud that utilizes described identical point position and floor level satellite and sets up elevation calibrating patterns step and comprise:
Learn laser-measured height data height value and digital elevation model height value carries out regretional analysis and obtains calibrating patterns coefficient ice cloud to identical point position and floor level satellite;
Set up elevation calibrating patterns according to described calibrating patterns coefficient.
3. method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described elevation calibrating patterns is polynomial expression calibrating patterns or linear gauging model.
4. to a Law of DEM Data elevation calibrating installation, it is characterized in that, comprising:
The height datum unit that unitizes, for by ice cloud and floor level satellite learn the height datum of laser-measured height data and the height datum of Law of DEM Data is unitized;
Height value unit, learns laser-measured height data height value and digital elevation model height value for extracting the ice cloud of identical point position and floor level satellite;
Elevation calibrating patterns unit, for utilizing the ice cloud of described identical point position and floor level satellite and learn laser-measured height data height value and digital elevation model height value being set up elevation calibrating patterns;
Alignment unit, for utilizing described elevation calibrating patterns to calibrate Law of DEM Data;
Wherein, described height value unit comprises:
Data conversion module, for by ice cloud and floor level satellite learn laser-measured height data and be converted to point vector, Law of DEM Data is converted to face vector;
Laminating module, for by the ice cloud after conversion and floor level satellite learn laser-measured height data and Law of DEM Data and be stacked Calais and obtain the common factor of two vectors;
Extract height value module, learn laser-measured height data height value and digital elevation model height value for extract the ice cloud of identical point position and floor level satellite according to common factor result.
5. device according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described elevation calibrating patterns unit comprises:
Calibrating patterns coefficient module, for the ice cloud to identical point position and floor level satellite learn laser-measured height data height value and Law of DEM Data height value and carry out regretional analysis and obtain calibrating patterns coefficient;
MBM, for setting up elevation calibrating patterns according to described calibrating patterns coefficient.
6. device according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the elevation calibrating patterns that described MBM obtains is polynomial expression calibrating patterns or linear gauging model.
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| CN103926589B (en) * | 2014-04-30 | 2017-03-29 | 山东科技大学 | Spaceborne laser altimeter system system solid earth's surface objective plane and height accuracy detection method |
| US9830509B2 (en) | 2015-06-29 | 2017-11-28 | Nokia Technologies Oy | Method and apparatus for constructing a digital elevation model utilizing ground points captured by ground-based LiDAR |
| CN108733711B (en) * | 2017-04-21 | 2021-11-02 | 中国电力科学研究院 | Distribution line space distance obtaining method based on three-dimensional GIS technology |
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| CN108663014B (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2019-07-30 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | A kind of furrow farming sloping upland field relative elevation method for computing data |
| CN111465822A (en) * | 2018-11-26 | 2020-07-28 | 深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司 | Ground point cloud map precision evaluation method, device and system and unmanned aerial vehicle |
| CN110456319A (en) * | 2019-08-29 | 2019-11-15 | 西安电子工程研究所 | A kind of radar intervisibility calculation method based on SRTM |
| CN116518916A (en) * | 2023-01-19 | 2023-08-01 | 昆明理工大学 | Method, system and computer for evaluating DEM precision based on satellite height measurement data |
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