CN109297463A - A kind of river-crossing leveling method - Google Patents
A kind of river-crossing leveling method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109297463A CN109297463A CN201811385441.2A CN201811385441A CN109297463A CN 109297463 A CN109297463 A CN 109297463A CN 201811385441 A CN201811385441 A CN 201811385441A CN 109297463 A CN109297463 A CN 109297463A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C5/00—Measuring height; Measuring distances transverse to line of sight; Levelling between separated points; Surveyors' levels
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of river-crossing leveling methods, lay cross a river place, instrument survey station point and River-crossing leveling point mark is respectively set in two sides；Total station is set on the instrument survey station point of two sides, prism is set on River-crossing leveling point；Observed with bank bench mark；Carry out the observation of opposite bank bench mark；The observation of two sides total station tune bank；After limit difference checks and rejects and transfinite survey time height difference observation, take the middle number of two total station two sides bilateral observation height differences as cross a river vertical survey as a result, being related to vertical control survey field.The present invention eliminates the cumbersome work of instrument height, target high measurement, the measurement error that instrument is high, target is high is eliminated, the efficiency and Result Precision of river-crossing leveling are improved, is convenient for measuring personnel's operation, it is easy to implement field operation Automatic survey, is conducive to control fieldwork observation quality.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to vertical control survey fields, are specifically related to a kind of river-crossing leveling method, are suitable for using
Total station is carried out the elevation transmitting measurement across rivers,lakes and seas by triangulated height method.
Background technique
During carrying out river-crossing leveling using triangulated height method, it usually needs it is artificial measure survey station height of instrument and
Object height, since instrument or target are generally placed on tripod or observation pier using triangular base, amount high working ratio is number
Tired and precision is not high, to reduce the height difference precision of river-crossing leveling；And it is advised according to the existing national measurement of the level
Model --- " national first and second order leveling specification " (GBT12897-2006), target are measured using invar staff, and nearly ruler makes
It is directly read with the division line of total station leaf sight, remote ruler then uses manual placement's board in the method on scale Integer partition line
It is observed reading, this method uses invar staff in field operation without direct measuring instrument height and object height
Work is inconvenient, and the method for invar staff reading is not easily accomplished field operation Automatic survey, is unfavorable for controlling field operation sight
Mass metering, observed efficiency are lower.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the invention is to overcome the shortcomings of above-mentioned background technique, a kind of high, target without measuring instrument is provided
Height reduces measurement error, the river-crossing leveling method of measurement efficiency and Result Precision can be improved.
The present invention provides a kind of river-crossing leveling method, comprising the following steps:
1) cross a river place is laid, instrument survey station point and River-crossing leveling point mark is respectively set in two sides；
2) total station is set on the instrument survey station point of two sides, prism is set on River-crossing leveling point；
3) it carries out observing with bank bench mark；
Survey station point and measuring point are set, observation group number is inputted, observe with bank vertical angle and oblique distance, and carry out observation quality
It examines and cross a river two sides height difference calculates；
4) observation of opposite bank bench mark is carried out；
Survey station point and measuring point are set, observation group number and position number in semiobservation are inputted, carries out opposite bank vertical angle and oblique distance is seen
The observation quality surveyed, and carry out a survey time is examined and height difference calculates；
5) two sides total station tune bank is observed；
Total station exchange survey station point in two sides is exchanged into setting, two sides prism exchanges bench mark and exchanges setting and keep height not
Become, repetition step 3) returns survey with step 4) completion multiple survey time, obtains the cross a river height difference for returning survey；
6) after limit difference checks and rejects and transfinite survey time height difference observation, two total station two sides bilateral observation height differences are taken
It is middle number be used as cross a river vertical survey result.
Based on the above technical solution, in step 1), cross a river figure is selected according to orographic condition, by isosceles trapezoid or
Parallelogram mode lays cross a river place.
Based on the above technical solution, in step 1), the instrument survey station point I of cross a river place two sides1,I2It is located at
River-crossing leveling point P1,P2Upstream and downstream are ipsilateral or heteropleural.
Based on the above technical solution, step 3), in step 4), the step of one group of observation, is:
(1) total station, which is faced left, sights prism, observes simultaneously record storage oblique distance and vertical angle；
(2) rotation of control total station alidade makes the total station disk right side sight prism, observes and record storage oblique distance and vertical
Angle.
Based on the above technical solution, repeat step (1), step (2), complete to see with bank bench mark multiple groups
It surveys.
Based on the above technical solution, repeat step (1), step (2), complete opposite bank bench mark multiple groups and see
It surveys, constitutes a semiobservation observation, and repeatedly observation accordingly, complete the observation of whole semiobservations.
Based on the above technical solution, the calculation formula of one group of observation height difference is as follows:
hGroup=Ssin α (1)
In formula: S is observation oblique distance, and α is vertical angle.
Based on the above technical solution, if you need to carry out multiple groups observation, the middle number of each group observation height difference is taken to survey as half
Return observation height difference.
Based on the above technical solution, in step 4), a total station is public toward the calculating for surveying semiobservation cross a river height difference
Formula is as follows:
In formula:Respectively No. 1 total station is in I1If standing, No. 2 total stations are in I2If observation of standing resulting half is surveyed
Cross a river height difference observation is returned,It is No. 1 total station in semiobservation observation in I1If the multiple groups observation height difference that station measures
Middle number,It is No. 2 total stations in semiobservation observation in I2If the middle number for the multiple groups observation height difference that station measures.
Based on the above technical solution, in step 5), a total station returns the calculating public affairs for surveying semiobservation cross a river height difference
Formula is as follows:
In formula:Respectively No. 1 total station is in I2If standing, No. 2 total stations are in I1If observation of standing resulting half is surveyed
Cross a river height difference observation is returned,It is No. 1 total station in semiobservation observation in I2If the multiple groups that station measures observe height difference
Middle number,It is No. 2 total stations in semiobservation observation in I1If the middle number for the multiple groups observation height difference that station measures.
Based on the above technical solution, in step 5), calculation formula that is past, returning the single survey time cross a river height difference of survey is as follows:
Two total station two sides reciprocal observation at the same time constitute a double survey time, the observation height difference calculation formula of a double survey time
It is as follows:
In formula:Single survey time cross a river height difference is surveyed to be past,Single survey time cross a river height difference is surveyed to return,For double surveys
Return cross a river height difference.
Based on the above technical solution, in step 6), it is as follows to limit poor check formula:
Take the middle number of all N number of double survey time cross a river height differences of qualification as final cross a river height difference；
In formula: dHLimitThe limit observed between height difference for each double survey time is poor, M△For the accident mean square error of every M km measurement of the level
Limit value, unit mm, N are total double position numbers, and s is cross a river sight length, unit km.
Based on the above technical solution, the total station is connect by wireless signal transmission with mobile terminal, described
Mobile terminal control total station carries out sighting target automatically, observation, records store data, and carries out the inspection of observing buoy quality
Core.
Compared with prior art, advantages of the present invention is as follows:
The present invention is using the measurement method for directly measuring the height difference between offshore bench mark and remote bank bench mark, in conjunction with cross a river
Figure and the measures such as achievement limit difference checking computations and rejecting, eliminate the cumbersome work of instrument height, target high measurement, eliminate instrument
Measurement error high, target is high, improves the efficiency and Result Precision of river-crossing leveling, is convenient for measuring personnel's operation, is convenient for
It realizes field operation Automatic survey, is conducive to control fieldwork observation quality.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the river-crossing leveling method of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 a, b are the place artworks of the river-crossing leveling method of the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawing and specific embodiment the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment one
Shown in Figure 1, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of river-crossing leveling method, comprising the following steps:
1) cross a river place is laid, instrument survey station point and River-crossing leveling point mark is respectively set in two sides；
2) total station is set on the instrument survey station point of two sides, prism is set on River-crossing leveling point；
3) it carries out observing with bank bench mark；
Survey station point and measuring point are set, observation group number is inputted, observe with bank vertical angle and oblique distance, and carry out observation quality
It examines and cross a river two sides height difference calculates；
4) observation of opposite bank bench mark is carried out；
Survey station point and measuring point are set, observation group number and position number in semiobservation are inputted, carries out opposite bank vertical angle and oblique distance is seen
The observation quality surveyed, and carry out a survey time is examined and height difference calculates；
5) two sides total station tune bank is observed；
Total station exchange survey station point in two sides is exchanged into setting, two sides prism exchanges bench mark and exchanges setting and keep height not
Become, repetition step 3) returns survey with step 4) completion multiple survey time, obtains the cross a river height difference for returning survey；
6) after limit difference checks and rejects and transfinite survey time height difference observation, two total station two sides bilateral observation height differences are taken
It is middle number be used as cross a river vertical survey result.
The present invention is using the measurement method for directly measuring the height difference between offshore bench mark and remote bank bench mark, in conjunction with cross a river
Figure and the measures such as achievement limit difference checking computations and rejecting, eliminate the cumbersome work of instrument height, target high measurement, eliminate instrument
Measurement error high, target is high, improves the efficiency and Result Precision of river-crossing leveling, is convenient for measuring personnel's operation, is convenient for
It realizes field operation Automatic survey, is conducive to control fieldwork observation quality.
Embodiment two
Shown in Figure 1, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of river-crossing leveling method, comprising the following steps:
1) cross a river place is laid, instrument survey station point and River-crossing leveling point mark is respectively set in two sides；
Cross a river two is respectively arranged with instrument survey station point and River-crossing leveling point mark on the bank, is convenient for total station and prism
Installation settings, and can frequently exchange instrumented site and carry out more survey time observations；A to Fig. 2 b referring to fig. 2, can be by isosceles trapezoid or parallel
Quadrangle mode lays cross a river place, carries out in the same direction and bilateral observation respectively using 2 total stations and 2 prisms, wherein I1,I2
For cross a river two sides instrument survey station point, P1,P2For two sides River-crossing leveling point, and the instrument survey station point I of cross a river place two sides1,I2Respectively
Positioned at River-crossing leveling point P1,P2Upstream and downstream are ipsilateral or heteropleural, can be adjusted flexibly, be convenient for measuring according to different orographic conditions.
2) total station is set on the instrument survey station point of two sides, prism is set on River-crossing leveling point；
A and Fig. 2 b referring to fig. 2, I in figure1,I2For cross a river two sides instrument survey station point, total station, P are set here1,P2For
Prism is arranged in two sides River-crossing leveling point here, and cross a river place can be laid by isosceles trapezoid or parallelogram mode, cross a river two
The total station and prism of bank can distinguish the ipsilateral or heteropleural of position and upstream and downstream, convenient for making flexible tune according to different terrain conditions
It is whole, it is convenient for measuring.
3) it carries out observing with bank bench mark；
Survey station point and measuring point are set, observation group number is inputted, observe with bank vertical angle and oblique distance, and carry out observation quality
It examines and cross a river two sides height difference calculates.
4) observation of opposite bank bench mark is carried out；
Survey station point and measuring point are set, observation group number and position number in semiobservation are inputted, carries out opposite bank vertical angle and oblique distance is seen
The observation quality surveyed, and carry out a survey time is examined and height difference calculates.
In step 3), step 4), the step of one group of observation, is:
(1) total station, which is faced left, sights prism, observes simultaneously record storage oblique distance and vertical angle；
(2) rotation of control total station alidade makes the total station disk right side sight prism, observes and record storage oblique distance and vertical
Angle.
The calculation formula of one group of observation height difference is as follows:
hGroup=S sin α (1)
In formula: S is observation oblique distance, and α is vertical angle.
If you need to carry out multiple groups observation, the middle number of each group observation height difference is taken to observe height difference as semiobservation.And repeat above-mentioned two
A step is completed to observe with the multiple groups of bank bench mark and opposite bank bench mark, and completes the observation of whole semiobservations.
Wherein, a total station is as follows toward the calculation formula for surveying semiobservation cross a river height difference:
In formula:Respectively No. 1 total station is in I1If standing, No. 2 total stations are in I2If observation of standing resulting half is surveyed
Cross a river height difference observation is returned,It is No. 1 total station in semiobservation observation in I1If the multiple groups observation height difference that station measures
Middle number,It is No. 2 total stations in semiobservation observation in I2If the middle number for the multiple groups observation height difference that station measures.
5) two sides total station tune bank is observed；
Total station exchange survey station point in two sides is exchanged into setting, two sides prism exchanges bench mark and exchanges setting and keep height not
Become, repetition step 3) returns survey with step 4) completion multiple survey time, obtains the cross a river height difference for returning survey.
Wherein, a total station return survey semiobservation cross a river height difference calculation formula it is as follows:
In formula:Respectively No. 1 total station is in I2If standing, No. 2 total stations are in I1If observation of standing resulting half is surveyed
Cross a river height difference observation is returned,It is No. 1 total station in semiobservation observation in I2If the multiple groups that station measures observe height difference
Middle number,It is No. 2 total stations in semiobservation observation in I1If the middle number for the multiple groups observation height difference that station measures.
Wherein, calculation formula that is past, returning the single survey time cross a river height difference of survey is as follows:
Two total station two sides reciprocal observation at the same time constitute a double survey time, the observation height difference calculation formula of a double survey time
It is as follows:
In formula:Single survey time cross a river height difference is surveyed to be past,Single survey time cross a river height difference is surveyed to return,For double surveys
Return cross a river height difference.
It is exactly in order to past that two sides prism, which exchanges bench mark and exchanges setting and keep highly constant purpose, in the process
It returns in survey observation, when height difference takes middle several, eliminates the influence of prism height, avoid measuring instrument and prism height, be convenient for measuring people
Member's operation, and improve the efficiency and Result Precision of river-crossing leveling.
6) after limit difference checks and rejects and transfinite survey time height difference observation, two total station two sides bilateral observation height differences are taken
It is middle number be used as cross a river vertical survey result.
Wherein, it is as follows to limit poor check formula:
Take the middle number of all N number of double survey time cross a river height differences of qualification as final cross a river height difference；
In formula: dHLimitThe limit observed between height difference for each double survey time is poor, M△For the accident mean square error of every M km measurement of the level
Limit value, unit mm, N are total double position numbers, and s is cross a river sight length, unit km.
Embodiment three
What is different from the first embodiment is that total station is connect by wireless signal transmission with mobile terminal, the mobile terminal
Control total station carries out sighting target automatically, observation, records store data, and carries out checking for observing buoy quality.In this reality
It applies in example, total station is wirelessly connected by Bluetooth function and mobile phone terminal, needs to search for before First Contact Connections, is opened on mobile phone terminal
After controlling software, automatic search, saves total station equipment at connection, being not required to search again for when convenient for using later, can be directly connected to；
Selection needs the total station operated after connection, and survey station point and measuring point can be arranged on cell phone software, inputs vertical angle observation group number
With the parameters such as position number, and it is automatically performed that observation quality is examined and height difference calculates.
Those skilled in the art can carry out various modifications to the embodiment of the present invention and modification, if these modifications and change
For type within the scope of the claims in the present invention and its equivalent technologies, then these modifications and variations are also in protection scope of the present invention
Within.
The prior art that the content being not described in detail in specification is known to the skilled person.
Claims (13)
1. a kind of river-crossing leveling method, which comprises the following steps:
1) cross a river place is laid, instrument survey station point and River-crossing leveling point mark is respectively set in two sides；
2) total station is set on the instrument survey station point of two sides, prism is set on River-crossing leveling point；
3) it carries out observing with bank bench mark；
Survey station point and measuring point are set, observation group number is inputted, observe with bank vertical angle and oblique distance, and carry out observation quality inspection
It is calculated with cross a river two sides height difference；
4) observation of opposite bank bench mark is carried out；
Survey station point and measuring point are set, observation group number and position number in semiobservation are inputted, carries out opposite bank vertical angle and oblique distance observation, and
The observation quality for carrying out a survey time is examined and height difference calculates；
5) two sides total station tune bank is observed；
Total station exchange survey station point in two sides is exchanged into setting, two sides prism exchanges bench mark and exchanges setting and keep height constant,
Repetition step 3) returns survey with step 4) completion multiple survey time, obtains the cross a river height difference for returning survey；
6) it after limit difference checks and rejects and transfinite survey time height difference observation, takes in two total station two sides bilateral observation height differences
Number is used as cross a river vertical survey result.
2. a kind of river-crossing leveling method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step 1), according to orographic condition
Cross a river figure is selected, lays cross a river place by isosceles trapezoid or parallelogram mode.
3. a kind of river-crossing leveling method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that: in step 1), cross a river place two sides
Instrument survey station point I1,I2It is located at River-crossing leveling point P1,P2Upstream and downstream are ipsilateral or heteropleural.
4. a kind of river-crossing leveling method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step 3), step 4), one group of sight
The step of survey, is:
(1) total station, which is faced left, sights prism, observes simultaneously record storage oblique distance and vertical angle；
(2) rotation of control total station alidade makes the total station disk right side sight prism, observes simultaneously record storage oblique distance and vertical angle.
5. a kind of river-crossing leveling method as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that: repeat step (1), step
(2), it completes to observe with bank bench mark multiple groups.
6. a kind of river-crossing leveling method as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that: repeat step (1), step
(2), the observation of opposite bank bench mark multiple groups is completed, a semiobservation observation is constituted, and repeatedly observation accordingly, completes whole semiobservations
Observation.
7. a kind of river-crossing leveling method as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that: the calculating of one group of observation height difference
Formula is as follows:
hGroup=S sin α (1)
In formula: S is observation oblique distance, and α is vertical angle.
8. such as a kind of river-crossing leveling method described in claim 5 or 6, it is characterised in that: if you need to carry out multiple groups observation, take
The middle number that each group observes height difference observes height difference as semiobservation.
9. a kind of river-crossing leveling method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step 4), a total station is past
The calculation formula for surveying semiobservation cross a river height difference is as follows:
In formula:Respectively No. 1 total station is in I1If standing, No. 2 total stations are in I2If stand the resulting semiobservation of observation across
River height difference observation,It is No. 1 total station in semiobservation observation in I1If in the multiple groups observation height difference that station measures
Number,It is No. 2 total stations in semiobservation observation in I2If the middle number for the multiple groups observation height difference that station measures.
10. a kind of river-crossing leveling method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step 5), a total station is returned
The calculation formula for surveying semiobservation cross a river height difference is as follows:
In formula:Respectively No. 1 total station is in I2If standing, No. 2 total stations are in I1If stand the resulting semiobservation of observation across
River height difference observation,It is No. 1 total station in semiobservation observation in I2If in the multiple groups observation height difference that station measures
Number,It is No. 2 total stations in semiobservation observation in I1If the middle number for the multiple groups observation height difference that station measures.
11. a kind of river-crossing leveling method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: past, return that survey is single to survey in step 5)
The calculation formula for returning cross a river height difference is as follows:
Two total station two sides reciprocal observation at the same time constitute a double survey time, and the observation height difference calculation formula of a double survey time is such as
Under:
In formula:Single survey time cross a river height difference is surveyed to be past,Single survey time cross a river height difference is surveyed to return,For double survey time across
River height difference.
12. a kind of river-crossing leveling method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step 6), limit poor check formula
It is as follows:
Take the middle number of all N number of double survey time cross a river height differences of qualification as final cross a river height difference；
In formula: dHLimitThe limit observed between height difference for each double survey time is poor, M△For the accident mean square error limit value of every M km measurement of the level,
Unit is mm, and N is total double position numbers, and s is cross a river sight length, unit km.
13. a kind of river-crossing leveling method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the total station passes through wireless communication
Number transmission is connect with mobile terminal, and the mobile terminal control total station carries out sighting target automatically, observation, record storage number
According to, and carry out checking for observing buoy quality.
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| CN110186426A (en) * | 2019-07-01 | 2019-08-30 | 中铁大桥局集团第二工程有限公司 | A kind of remote triangulated height river-crossing leveling method |
| CN110567448A (en) * | 2019-08-29 | 2019-12-13 | 中铁十二局集团建筑安装工程有限公司 | Method for measuring elevation coordinates by total station |
| CN111609832A (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2020-09-01 | 长江三峡技术经济发展有限公司 | Precise electronic leveling method |
| CN111750826A (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2020-10-09 | 中设设计集团股份有限公司 | Dynamic second-class river-crossing quasi-field data acquisition and processing method and system |
| CN113551643A (en) * | 2021-07-29 | 2021-10-26 | 中冀建勘集团有限公司 | River-crossing leveling method and system |
| CN114046770A (en) * | 2021-09-22 | 2022-02-15 | 中国铁建大桥工程局集团有限公司 | Marine settlement observation and measurement method |
| CN117367367A (en) * | 2023-12-04 | 2024-01-09 | 中国铁路设计集团有限公司 | Ultra-long distance river-crossing and sea-crossing elevation transfer measurement method based on Beidou/GNSS |
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