CN111609832B - Precise electronic leveling method - Google Patents

Precise electronic leveling method Download PDF

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CN111609832B
CN111609832B CN202010450264.2A CN202010450264A CN111609832B CN 111609832 B CN111609832 B CN 111609832B CN 202010450264 A CN202010450264 A CN 202010450264A CN 111609832 B CN111609832 B CN 111609832B
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precision
prism
precision prism
point
erecting
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CN111609832A (en
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杨生春
王志岗
杨国兴
江超
李春林
孔令利
萨达克
阿里
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Yangtze Three Gorges Technology and Economy Development Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C5/00—Measuring height; Measuring distances transverse to line of sight; Levelling between separated points; Surveyors' levels

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Abstract

The invention provides a precise electronic leveling method, which can effectively solve the problem of high-grade leveling under complex terrain conditions, can complete the forward and backward measurement of a line in a single pass by innovatively adopting a four-prism observation method, has wide application range, strong operability and high efficiency, and has great advantages particularly for large-altitude-difference and long-distance elevation measurement in mountainous areas. The technology verifies that the method can completely replace the traditional high-grade geometric leveling method and has great popularization and application values.

Description

Precise electronic leveling method
Technical Field
The invention discloses a precise electronic leveling method, belongs to the technical field of engineering measurement, and mainly relates to a method for solving the problem of high-grade leveling under the condition of complex terrain by utilizing instruments such as a high-precision total station and a precise prism and referring to the precision standard of the traditional geometric leveling.
Background
At present, the high-grade leveling is mainly based on the traditional geometric leveling method, and the method has certain limitation under the condition of complex terrain, and the search of a new alternative method is particularly urgent.
The traditional high-grade geometric leveling method mainly observes the influences of sight distance and ruler length, has large workload, low efficiency and long period for large-range precise leveling, and even cannot measure complex terrains.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a precise electronic leveling method which can effectively solve the high-level leveling problem under the condition of complex terrain.
In order to achieve the technical features, the invention is realized as follows: a method of precision electronic leveling comprising the steps of:
step 1: measuring points A, 1, 2, 3 … … n and B are set, wherein A, B is a starting point and a stopping point of the measuring section; 1. 2, 3 … … n are virtual mirror stations in the middle of the measuring section, n is an odd number mirror station, the total station is erected at the middle position of the adjacent mirror stations, and the observation visual distances are equal;
step 2: erecting a P1 precision prism at the point A, erecting a P2 precision prism at a position 3-10m away from the point A, and erecting a P3 precision prism and a P4 precision prism near the point No. 1; erecting the total station between the point A and the point 1, and observing the P1 precision prism, the P2 precision prism, the P3 precision prism and the P4 precision prism to obtain the height difference H1P01、H1P02、H1P03、H1P04Apparent distance S1P01、S1P02、S1P03、S1P04；
And step 3: exchanging the positions of the P1 precision prism and the P2 precision prism, and observing by a total station to obtain the height difference HP01、HP02、HP03、HP04Apparent distance SP01、SP02，SP03、SP04；
And 4, step 4: erecting a total station between the No. 1 point and the No. 2 point, moving the P1 precision prism and the P2 precision prism to the position close to the No. 2 point, wherein the distance is 3-10 meters, and then observing the P1 precision prism, the P2 precision prism, the P3 precision prism and the P4 precision prism by adopting the total station to obtain the height difference HP11、HP12、HP13、HP14Apparent distance SP11、SP12、SP13、SP14；
And 5: repeating the step 4, sequentially observing to an nth virtual mirror station, erecting a total station between an n-1 point and an n point, moving a P1 precision prism and a P2 precision prism to the position close to the n-1 mirror station at an interval of 3-10m, and observing a P1 precision prism, a P2 precision prism, a P3 precision prism and a P4 precision prism to obtain a height difference HP(n-1)1、HP(n-1)2、HP(n-1)3、HP(n-1)4Apparent distance SP(n-1)1、SP(n-1)2、SP(n-1)3、SP(n-1)4；
Step 6: erecting a total station between the n point and the B point, erecting a P1 precision prism at the B point, erecting a P2 prism at a position 3-10m away from the B point, and observing the P1 precision prism, the P2 precision prism, the P3 precision prism and the P4 precision prism by adopting the total station to obtain a height difference H1Pn1、H1Pn2、H1Pn3、H1Pn4Apparent distance S1Pn1、S1Pn2、S1Pn3、S1Pn4Then the positions of the P1 precision prism and the P2 precision prism are exchanged for observation to obtain the height difference HPn1、HPn2、HPn3、HPn4Apparent distance SPn1、SPn2、SPn3、SPn4；
And 7: calculating the height difference of the measuring section according to the measuring result:
H1AB＝(H1P03-H1P01)+(HP11-HP13)+……+(H1Pn1-H1Pn3) (1)
H2AB＝(HP04-HP02)+(HP12-HP14)+……+(HPn2-HPn4) (2)
HAB＝(H1AB+H2AB)/2 (3)
△HAB＝H1AB-H2AB (4)
the pitch of the P3 precision prism and the P4 precision prism is 3-10 m.
The pitch of the P1 precision prism and the P2 precision prism is 3-10 m.
Said Δ HABThe requirement of difference between the round-trip height differences of the first-class leveling measurement section and the second-class leveling measurement section is met, and the disparity value of the round-trip height differences of the first-class leveling measurement section and the second-class leveling measurement section is smaller than
Figure BDA0002507448500000021
Second-class leveling requires a round-trip height discrepancy of less than
Figure BDA0002507448500000022
Where k is the length of the survey, segment or route in kilometers.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention solves the high-grade leveling problem under the complex terrain condition by utilizing instruments such as a high-precision total station and a precision prism and referring to the precision standard of the traditional geometric leveling.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the observation process of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, a precision electronic leveling method includes the steps of:
step 1: measuring points A, 1, 2, 3 … … n and B are set, wherein A, B is a starting point and a stopping point of the measuring section; 1. 2, 3 … … n are virtual mirror stations in the middle of the measuring section, n is an odd number mirror station, the total station is erected at the middle position of the adjacent mirror stations, and the observation visual distances are equal;
step 2: erecting a P1 precision prism at the point A, erecting a P2 precision prism at a position 3-10m away from the point A, and erecting a P3 precision prism and a P4 precision prism near the point No. 1; erecting the total station between the point A and the point 1, and observing the P1 precision prism, the P2 precision prism, the P3 precision prism and the P4 precision prism to obtain the height difference H1P01、H1P02、H1P03、H1P04Apparent distance S1P01、S1P02、S1P03、S1P04；
And step 3: exchanging the positions of the P1 precision prism and the P2 precision prism, and observing by a total station to obtain the height difference HP01、HP02、HP03、HP04Apparent distance SP01、SP02，SP03、SP04；
And 4, step 4: general total stationErecting between the No. 1 point and the No. 2 point, moving the P1 precision prism and the P2 precision prism to the position near the No. 2 point, wherein the distance is 3-10 meters, and then observing the P1 precision prism, the P2 precision prism, the P3 precision prism and the P4 precision prism by using a total station to obtain the height difference HP11、HP12、HP13、HP14Apparent distance SP11、SP12、SP13、SP14；
And 5: repeating the step 4, sequentially observing to an nth virtual mirror station, erecting a total station between an n-1 point and an n point, moving a P1 precision prism and a P2 precision prism to the position close to the n-1 mirror station at an interval of 3-10m, and observing a P1 precision prism, a P2 precision prism, a P3 precision prism and a P4 precision prism to obtain a height difference HP(n-1)1、HP(n-1)2、HP(n-1)3、HP(n-1)4Apparent distance SP(n-1)1、SP(n-1)2、SP(n-1)3、SP(n-1)4；
Step 6: erecting a total station between the n point and the B point, erecting a P1 precision prism at the B point, erecting a P2 prism at a position 3-10m away from the B point, and observing the P1 precision prism, the P2 precision prism, the P3 precision prism and the P4 precision prism by adopting the total station to obtain a height difference H1Pn1、H1Pn2、H1Pn3、H1Pn4Apparent distance S1Pn1、S1Pn2、S1Pn3、S1Pn4Then the positions of the P1 precision prism and the P2 precision prism are exchanged for observation to obtain the height difference HPn1、HPn2、HPn3、HPn4Apparent distance SPn1、SPn2、SPn3、SPn4；
And 7: calculating the height difference of the measuring section according to the measuring result:
H1AB＝(H1P03-H1P01)+(HP11-HP13)+……+(H1Pn1-H1Pn3) (1)
H2AB＝(HP04-HP02)+(HP12-HP14)+……+(HPn2-HPn4) (2)
HAB＝(H1AB+H2AB)/2 (3)
△HAB＝H1AB-H2AB (4)
further, the pitch of the P3 precision prism and the P4 precision prism is 3-10 m.
Further, the pitch of the P1 precision prism and the P2 precision prism is 3-10 m.
Further, the Δ HABThe requirement of difference between the round-trip height differences of the first-class leveling measurement section and the second-class leveling measurement section is met, and the disparity value of the round-trip height differences of the first-class leveling measurement section and the second-class leveling measurement section is smaller than
Figure BDA0002507448500000041
Second-class leveling requires a round-trip height discrepancy of less than
Figure BDA0002507448500000042
Where k is the length of the survey, segment or route in kilometers.

Claims (4)

1. A method of precision electronic leveling, comprising the steps of:
step 1: measuring points A, 1, 2, 3 … … n and B are set, wherein A, B is a starting point and a stopping point of the measuring section; 1. 2, 3 … … n are virtual mirror stations in the middle of the measuring section, n is an odd number mirror station, the total station is erected at the middle position of the adjacent mirror stations, and the observation visual distances are equal;
step 2: erecting a P1 precision prism at the point A, erecting a P2 precision prism at a position 3-10m away from the point A, and erecting a P3 precision prism and a P4 precision prism near the point No. 1; erecting the total station between the point A and the point 1, and observing the P1 precision prism, the P2 precision prism, the P3 precision prism and the P4 precision prism to obtain the height difference H1P01、H1P02、H1P03、H1P04Apparent distance S1P01、S1P02、S1P03、S1P04；
And step 3: exchanging P1 precisionThe positions of the prism and the P2 precision prism are observed by a total station to obtain the height difference HP01、HP02、HP03、HP04Apparent distance SP01、SP02，SP03、SP04；
And 4, step 4: erecting a total station between the No. 1 point and the No. 2 point, moving the P1 precision prism and the P2 precision prism to the position close to the No. 2 point, wherein the distance is 3-10 meters, and then observing the P1 precision prism, the P2 precision prism, the P3 precision prism and the P4 precision prism by adopting the total station to obtain the height difference HP11、HP12、HP13、HP14Apparent distance SP11、SP12、SP13、SP14；
And 5: repeating the step 4, sequentially observing to an nth virtual mirror station, erecting a total station between an n-1 point and an n point, moving a P1 precision prism and a P2 precision prism to the position close to the n-1 mirror station at an interval of 3-10m, and observing a P1 precision prism, a P2 precision prism, a P3 precision prism and a P4 precision prism to obtain a height difference HP(n-1)1、HP(n-1)2、HP(n-1)3、HP(n-1)4Apparent distance SP(n-1)1、SP(n-1)2、SP(n-1)3、SP(n-1)4；
Step 6: erecting a total station between the n point and the B point, erecting a P1 precision prism at the B point, erecting a P2 prism at a position 3-10m away from the B point, and observing the P1 precision prism, the P2 precision prism, the P3 precision prism and the P4 precision prism by adopting the total station to obtain a height difference H1Pn1、H1Pn2、H1Pn3、H1Pn4Apparent distance S1Pn1、S1Pn2、S1Pn3、S1Pn4Then the positions of the P1 precision prism and the P2 precision prism are exchanged for observation to obtain the height difference HPn1、HPn2、HPn3、HPn4Apparent distance SPn1、SPn2、SPn3、SPn4；
And 7: calculating the height difference of the measuring section according to the measuring result:
H1AB＝(H1P03-H1P01)+(HP11-HP13)+……+(H1Pn1-H1Pn3) (1)
H2AB＝(HP04-HP02)+(HP12-HP14)+……+(HPn2-HPn4) (2)
HAB＝(H1AB+H2AB)/2 (3)
△HAB＝H1AB-H2AB (4) 。
2. the precision electronic leveling method of claim 1, wherein: the pitch of the P3 precision prism and the P4 precision prism is 3-10 m.
3. The precision electronic leveling method of claim 1, wherein: the pitch of the P1 precision prism and the P2 precision prism is 3-10 m.
4. The precision electronic leveling method of claim 1, wherein: said Δ HABThe requirement of difference between the round-trip height differences of the first-class leveling measurement section and the second-class leveling measurement section is met, and the disparity value of the round-trip height differences of the first-class leveling measurement section and the second-class leveling measurement section is smaller than
Figure FDA0002507448490000021
Second-class leveling requires a round-trip height discrepancy of less than
Figure FDA0002507448490000022
Where k is the length of the survey, segment or route in kilometers.
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KR100765154B1 (en) * 2006-12-05 2007-10-15 삼부기술 주식회사 A leveling method at the slope
CN101140164A (en) * 2007-09-10 2008-03-12 唐发志 All-station instrument accurate measurement height method
CN102305617A (en) * 2011-08-09 2012-01-04 天津二十冶建设有限公司 Method for measuring elevation accurately by total station instrument in engineering
CN109297463A (en) * 2018-11-20 2019-02-01 中铁大桥勘测设计院集团有限公司 A kind of river-crossing leveling method

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8712721B2 (en) * 2010-07-08 2014-04-29 Shayne Hamel Adjustable high precision surveying device
CN205403770U (en) * 2016-03-09 2016-07-27 浙江金圣建设有限公司 Modular raise dust height detecting device
CN206513389U (en) * 2017-02-16 2017-09-22 长江三峡技术经济发展有限公司 Huge underground cavity bottom plate excavates pore-creating Simple sliding rail
JP7117092B2 (en) * 2017-09-25 2022-08-12 株式会社トプコン LASER MEASUREMENT METHOD AND LASER MEASUREMENT DEVICE
CN108981661A (en) * 2018-07-31 2018-12-11 中国十七冶集团有限公司 The measuring device and measuring method of spheric and atmospheric aberration are eliminated in trigonometric levelling

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100765154B1 (en) * 2006-12-05 2007-10-15 삼부기술 주식회사 A leveling method at the slope
CN101140164A (en) * 2007-09-10 2008-03-12 唐发志 All-station instrument accurate measurement height method
CN102305617A (en) * 2011-08-09 2012-01-04 天津二十冶建设有限公司 Method for measuring elevation accurately by total station instrument in engineering
CN109297463A (en) * 2018-11-20 2019-02-01 中铁大桥勘测设计院集团有限公司 A kind of river-crossing leveling method

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