CN106289195A - The method for building up of plateau distance heavy construction Measurement and Control System - Google Patents
The method for building up of plateau distance heavy construction Measurement and Control System Download PDFInfo
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- CN106289195A CN106289195A CN201610748721.XA CN201610748721A CN106289195A CN 106289195 A CN106289195 A CN 106289195A CN 201610748721 A CN201610748721 A CN 201610748721A CN 106289195 A CN106289195 A CN 106289195A
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Abstract
The present invention discloses the method for building up of a kind of plateau distance heavy construction Measurement and Control System.Initially set up one big " trunk canal Controling network ", the gage frame of engineering is unified.Then, set up multiple " building controls net " respectively, meet the required precision of corresponding building.Finally, " trunk canal Controling network " is connected effectively with " building controls net ", forms overall construction Survey Control.The method is for plateau distance large-scale construction project, it is provided that high-precision topographic support, it is achieved the global design of engineering and unified plan, sets up accurate engineering surveying control system；Make the design of line of project, construction, implementation management and management safeguard all to carry out the work under the framework having unified precision, standard.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to engineering measuring technology field, more specifically for it is that a kind of plateau distance heavy construction is measured
The method for building up of control system.
Background technology
The foundation of engineering surveying control system is basis and the foundation of engineering construction, and the precision of control system directly influences
The measuring precision of engineering main line and building.Therefore, in the project planning stage, it is necessary to according to measuring requirement and the engineering of engineering
The Measurement and Control System that feature design is corresponding, to ensure the required precision of engineering.For complicated Larger Engineering Projects, more necessary
There is first-class topographic support, it is achieved the global design of engineering and unified plan, set up accurate engineering surveying control system and come
Become the design of control system, the design of line of project, construction, implementation management and management can be made to safeguard all a unified essence
Degree, the framework of standard are carried out the work under controlling, and to engineering construction, safety monitoring, operational management, and completion of works examination etc. is all
Significant.
The generally geometric properties of research Measurement and Control System and the Perfected process of precision forecast is, in certain regioal hypothesis
One true value net identical with design, then carries out the sight of many survey time with engineering instrument to be used and method in this region
Survey, testing result and true value are compared, obtain true error as the foundation judged and analyze.But it is the most such
Operation is wasted time and energy, even if can accomplish under individual cases is also local property, can only be used to limited range areas, to multiple
Miscellaneous Larger Engineering Projects is inapplicable.
For the heavy construction of plateau distance, owing to Reduction of Length value is relatively big, the reason of the actual quantities length of side and inverse will be produced
The opinion length of side has big difference, and causes the problems such as the certainties of measurement such as engineering main line, building transfinite.In order to meet Controling network side length
The required precision of distortion of projection, needs to consider the perspective plane of selection, central meridian, point band scheme, and ellipsoid tranformation
Etc. method, reach the optimization design of control system.Therefore, new scheme need to be set up, efficiently solve above-mentioned technical problem.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is in order to overcome the weak point of above-mentioned background technology, and provides plateau distance heavy construction to survey
The method for building up of amount control system, solves the heavy construction of plateau distance, owing to Reduction of Length value is relatively big, will produce actual quantities
The length of side has big difference with the theoretical length of side of inverse, causes the problem that the certainties of measurement such as engineering main line, building transfinite.
To achieve these goals, the technical scheme is that such: plateau distance heavy construction measure control
The method for building up of system, comprises the following steps:
Step 1, the foundation of arterial control net, i.e. set up one big " trunk canal Controling network ", the gage frame of engineering is entered
Row is unified；
Step 2, the foundation of building controls net, set up multiple " building controls net " the most respectively, meet corresponding building
The required precision built；
Step 3, arterial control net is connected with building controls net, will " trunk canal Controling network " and " building controls net "
Effectively it is connected, forms overall Control Survey Triangulation Network for Construction.
In technique scheme, described step 1 is further comprising the steps of:
Step 1-1, narrow point of band mode, for the feature of heavy construction span length, reduce projection point band scope, and then shorten
Marginal point is to the abscissa distance of central meridian, thus efficiently controls the deformation of changing of Gauss；
Step 1-2, adapts to the projection compensation method of elevation change, and elevation variable quantity is introduced elevation naturalization deformation formula
In, calculate best projection offset, so that the Maximum constraint of engineering comprehensive deformation obtains minimum.
In formula 1, the engineering comprehensive deflection that L (y) is as range finding limit and distance y of central meridian and changes, k is
Survey the rate of change with y value of the elevation in district, HdFor projection offset, H0Shi Ce district elevation at central meridian, R value
6371km.Problem subsequently is to ask for suitably projecting offset Hd, make y ∈ (ymin,ymax) there is max{ in time | L (y) | minimum.
Concrete point of following three kinds of situations, kR < yminOr kR > ymax
Wherein, H1、H2It is H respectively0At ymin、ymaxThe elevation at place.
①(ymin+ymax)/2<kR<ymax
②ymin<kR<(ymin+ymax)/2
H is asked for respectively with formula 2,3,4dValue.
In technique scheme, described step 2 is further comprising the steps of:
Step 2-1, calculates building precision, first measuring and calculating engineering works simulation holing through survey precision my, calculation
As shown in formula 5 and formula 6.Wherein MyIt is error in lateral direction penetrating, MGPSIt is the middle error of building GPS observation, MJD、MCDPoint
It not error in the wire of building import and export, L0It is the total length of building,
Step 2-2, determines building controls net layout scheme, and the layout scheme of building controls net need to be according to building essence
Angle value determines, is specifically divided into two kinds of situations:
The first situation, when building use comprehensive deformation value L (y) that obtains of arterial control net of region less than or
Precision m equal to its simulation holing through surveyyTime, arterial control net be can be used directly as building controls net.
The second situation, when comprehensive deformation value L (y) of building is more than precision m of holing through surveyyTime, should set up new
Building controls net.When new building controls net is set up, the observation length of side of building does not carry out Correction in Gauss Projection, but to enter
Row elevation naturalization projection correction.Elevation naturalization projection correction method is must to project to selected by the observation length of side of building
On building elevation face, and it is connected mutually with arterial control net.
In technique scheme, described step 3 is further comprising the steps of:
Step 3-1, determines the projection elevation face of building, is typically chosen the Mean height plane in building engineering region for throwing
Shadow face；
Step 3-2, after perspective plane determines, uses ellipsoid tranformation method, the reference ellipsoid of Controling network new to building definition
Body converts；Make the ellipsoid dignity after conversion tangent with building projection elevation face；
Step 3-3, is uniformly arranged horizontal control point around building, and its number is typically no less than 3.For length relatively
Big wire building, then be to arrange horizontal control point at two ends, and the number of each end is all no less than 3；
Step 3-4, that selectes building is affiliated to a little and is affiliated to direction, use " one point and one direction " adjustment mode and main line control
Net processed is connected.Wherein it is affiliated to a little be chosen for the horizontal control point of building zone line, is affiliated to direction point and is chosen for building
Thing marginal area from be affiliated to a little try one's best away from horizontal control point.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: for plateau distance large-scale construction project, it is provided that high-precision topographic support, real
The global design of existing engineering and unified plan, set up accurate engineering surveying control system；Make the design of line of project, construction,
Implementation management and management are safeguarded and are all carried out the work under the framework having unified precision, standard.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is narrow point of band mode schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is ellipsoid tranformation schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is tunnel horizontal control point schematic diagram.
Detailed description of the invention
Describe performance of the present invention below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in detail, but they are not intended that limitation of the invention, only make
Citing, be will become clearer from easy to understand by explanation advantages of the present invention simultaneously.
Plateau distance engineering span length, elevation change greatly, are difficult to meet its requirement of engineering precision with single Controling network.
Accordingly, it would be desirable to initially set up one big " trunk canal Controling network ", the gage frame of engineering is unified.Then, set up respectively
Multiple " building controls nets ", meet the required precision of corresponding building.Finally, by " trunk canal Controling network " and " building
Controling network " effectively it is connected, form overall construction Survey Control, as shown in Figure 1.
Concrete method step:
Step 1, the foundation of arterial control net, i.e. set up one big " trunk canal Controling network ", the gage frame of engineering is entered
Row is unified；
For the heavy construction of plateau distance, main line also exists two kinds and measures deflection.One Shi Ce district is away from central authorities'
Changing of the Gauss deformation that noon line causes；The dispersed elevation in two Shi Ce districts is big, the elevation naturalization deformation caused.Two kinds of deflections add up
Obtain the comprehensive deformation on range finding limit, thus affect the certainty of measurement of engineering construction.Therefore, the present invention use " narrow point of band mode " with
" adapt to the projection compensation method of elevation change " and reduce the deformation of changing of Gauss and elevation naturalization deformation respectively, thus reduce engineering
Comprehensive deformation.
Further comprising the steps of:
Step 1-1, narrow point of band mode, for the feature of heavy construction span length, reduce projection point band scope, and then shorten
Marginal point is to the abscissa distance of central meridian, thus efficiently controls the deformation of changing of Gauss；
As in figure 2 it is shown, be to be divided into 3 parts by the narrowest for 3 degree of bands of country, every part only occupies 1 degree of band；This narrow point of mode
Gauss the changing deflection of wherein 1 point of region can be reduced an order of magnitude.If requirement of engineering is by the Gauss of point region
Changing Deformation control obtains less, it is also possible to be divided into 0.5 degree of band, 0.3 degree of band etc. by narrow for 3 degree of country band, specifically can be according to engineering need
Ask and determine.
Step 1-2, adapts to the projection compensation method of elevation change, and elevation variable quantity is introduced elevation naturalization deformation formula
In, calculate best projection offset, so that the Maximum constraint of engineering comprehensive deformation obtains minimum.
In formula 1, the engineering comprehensive deflection that L (y) is as range finding limit and distance y of central meridian and changes, k is
Survey the rate of change with y value of the elevation in district, HdFor projection offset, H0Shi Ce district elevation at central meridian, R value
6371km.Problem subsequently is to ask for suitably projecting offset Hd, make y ∈ (ymin,ymax) there is max{ in time | L (y) | minimum.
Concrete point of following three kinds of situations, ask for H with formula 2,3,4 respectivelydValue.
①kR<yminOr kR > ymax
Wherein, H1、H2It is H respectively0At ymin、ymaxThe elevation at place.
②(ymin+ymax)/2<kR<ymax
③ymin<kR<(ymin+ymax)/2
Determined point band mode of engineering main line by above-mentioned steps 1-1 after, main line can be divided into n part, wherein n is by work
Cheng overall length and narrow point of band mode determine.Such as, certain engineering completely spans 3 degree of 2 countries band, uses 1 degree of narrow point of side carried
After formula, n value is 6, represents that engineering main line is divided into 6 parts.Then, use the method for step 1-2 that each part is counted
Calculate best projection offset, and use in engineering appropriate section.So far, engineering arterial control net has just obtained completely building
Vertical.
Step 2, the foundation of building controls net, set up multiple " building controls net " the most respectively, meet corresponding building
The required precision built；
Step 2-1, calculates building precision, first measuring and calculating engineering works simulation holing through survey precision my, calculation
As shown in formula 5 and formula 6.Wherein MyIt is error in lateral direction penetrating, MGPSIt is the middle error of building GPS observation, MJD、MCDPoint
It not error in the wire of building import and export, L0It is the total length of building,
Step 2-2, determines building controls net layout scheme, and the layout scheme of building controls net need to be according to building essence
Angle value determines, is specifically divided into two kinds of situations:
The first situation, when building use comprehensive deformation value L (y) that obtains of arterial control net of region less than or
Precision m equal to its simulation holing through surveyyTime, arterial control net be can be used directly as building controls net.
The second situation, when comprehensive deformation value L (y) of building is more than precision m of holing through surveyyTime, should set up new
Building controls net.When new building controls net is set up, the observation length of side of building does not carry out Correction in Gauss Projection, but to enter
Row elevation naturalization projection correction.Elevation naturalization projection correction method is must to project to selected by the observation length of side of building
On building elevation face, and it is connected mutually with arterial control net.
Step 3, arterial control net is connected with building controls net, will " trunk canal Controling network " and " building controls net "
Effectively it is connected, forms overall Control Survey Triangulation Network for Construction.
When setting up new building controls net, relate to the connection problem of building and arterial control net.Also include with
Lower concrete steps:
Step 3-1, determines the projection elevation face of building, is typically chosen the Mean height plane in building engineering region for throwing
Shadow face；
Step 3-2, after perspective plane determines, uses ellipsoid tranformation method, the reference ellipsoid of Controling network new to building definition
Body converts；Make the ellipsoid dignity after conversion tangent with building projection elevation face；As it is shown on figure 3, be ellipsoid tranformation side
Ellipsoid in method expands schematic diagram, and this is also ellipsoid tranformation method the most commonly used in engineering；In addition to this it is possible to according to work
Journey needs to select ellipsoid deformation method or ellipsoid shifting method.
Step 3-3, is uniformly arranged horizontal control point around building, and its number is typically no less than 3.For length relatively
Big wire building, then be to arrange horizontal control point at two ends, and the number of each end is all no less than 3；Bigger for length
Wire building, then be to arrange horizontal control point at two ends, and the number of each end is all no less than 3.Such as, the wire shown in Fig. 4
Subterranean tunnel, import department is provided with tetra-control point of J0, J1, J2, J3, and exit is provided with tetra-control point of C0, C1, C2, C3.
Step 3-4, that selectes building is affiliated to a little and is affiliated to direction, use " one point and one direction " adjustment mode and main line control
Net processed is connected.Wherein it is affiliated to a little be chosen for the horizontal control point of building zone line, is affiliated to direction point and is chosen for building
Thing marginal area from be affiliated to a little try one's best away from horizontal control point.
Unspecified it is prior art.
Claims (4)
1. the method for building up of plateau distance heavy construction Measurement and Control System, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
Step 1, the foundation of arterial control net, i.e. set up one big " trunk canal Controling network ", the gage frame of engineering is united
One；
Step 2, the foundation of building controls net, set up multiple " building controls net " the most respectively, meet corresponding building
Required precision；
Step 3, arterial control net is connected with building controls net, will " trunk canal Controling network " and " building controls net " effective
Ground linking, forms overall Control Survey Triangulation Network for Construction.
The method for building up of plateau the most according to claim 1 distance heavy construction Measurement and Control System, it is characterised in that
Described step 1 is further comprising the steps of:
Step 1-1, narrow point of band mode, for the feature of heavy construction span length, reduce projection point band scope, and then shorten edge
Point is to the abscissa distance of central meridian, thus efficiently controls the deformation of changing of Gauss；
Step 1-2, adapts to the projection compensation method of elevation change, is introduced by elevation variable quantity in elevation naturalization deformation formula, meter
Calculate best projection offset, so that the Maximum constraint of engineering comprehensive deformation obtains minimum,
In formula 1, the engineering comprehensive deflection that L (y) is as range finding limit and distance y of central meridian and changes, k Shi Ce district
Interior elevation is with the rate of change of y value, HdFor projection offset, H0Shi Ce district elevation at central meridian, R value 6371km,
Problem subsequently is to ask for suitably projecting offset Hd, make y ∈ (ymin,ymax) there is max{ in time | L (y) | minimum, concrete point is such as
Lower three kinds of situations, 1. kR < yminOr kR > ymax
Wherein, H1、H2It is H respectively0At ymin、ymaxThe elevation at place,
②(ymin+ymax)/2<kR<ymax
③ymin<kR<(ymin+ymax)/2
H is asked for respectively with formula 2,3,4dValue.
The method for building up of plateau the most according to claim 1 distance heavy construction Measurement and Control System, it is characterised in that
Described step 2 is further comprising the steps of:
Step 2-1, calculates building precision, first measuring and calculating engineering works simulation holing through survey precision my, calculation such as formula
5 with formula 6 shown in, wherein MyIt is error in lateral direction penetrating, MGPSIt is the middle error of building GPS observation, MJD、MCDBuild respectively
Build error in the wire of thing import and export, L0It is the total length of building,
Step 2-2, determines building controls net layout scheme, and the layout scheme of building controls net need to be according to building accuracy value
Determine, be specifically divided into two kinds of situations:
The first situation, comprehensive deformation value L (y) using the arterial control net of region to obtain when building is less than or equal to
Precision m of its simulation holing through surveyyTime, arterial control net be can be used directly as building controls net；
The second situation, when comprehensive deformation value L (y) of building is more than precision m of holing through surveyyTime, new building should be set up
Controling network, when new building controls net is set up, the observation length of side of building does not carry out Correction in Gauss Projection, but elevation to be carried out
Naturalization projection correction, elevation naturalization projection correction method is that the observation length of side of building must be projected to selected building
On elevation face, and it is connected mutually with arterial control net.
4. according to the foundation of the plateau distance heavy construction Measurement and Control System described in any claim in claim 1-3
Method, it is characterised in that described step 3 is further comprising the steps of:
Step 3-1, determines the projection elevation face of building, and the Mean height plane being typically chosen building engineering region is projection
Face；
Step 3-2, after perspective plane determines, uses ellipsoid tranformation method, the reference ellipsoid of Controling network new to building definition to enter
Line translation；Make the ellipsoid dignity after conversion tangent with building projection elevation face；
Step 3-3, is uniformly arranged horizontal control point around building, and its number is typically no less than 3, bigger for length
Wire building, then be to arrange horizontal control point at two ends, and the number of each end is all no less than 3；
Step 3-4, that selectes building is affiliated to a little and is affiliated to direction, use " one point and one direction " adjustment mode and arterial control net
It is connected, is wherein affiliated to a little be chosen for the horizontal control point of building zone line, be affiliated to direction point and be chosen for building limit
Edge region from be affiliated to a little try one's best away from horizontal control point.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108731648A (en) * | 2018-03-15 | 2018-11-02 | 广州市城市规划勘测设计研究院 | 2000 coordinate system parameter acquiring methods, device and computer readable storage medium |
| CN110044302A (en) * | 2019-04-08 | 2019-07-23 | 长江空间信息技术工程有限公司(武汉) | Multi-project mode deformation control method based on elevation naturalization model |
| CN111006639A (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2020-04-14 | 江苏苏州地质工程勘察院 | Interval tunnel penetration measurement method |
| CN113158463A (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2021-07-23 | 西安科技大学 | Engineering control network coordinate system establishment method and system based on machine learning |
| CN113779817A (en) * | 2021-11-11 | 2021-12-10 | 长江空间信息技术工程有限公司(武汉) | Method for analyzing reference stability of measurement control network |
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