CN106289195B - The method for building up of plateau long range heavy construction Measurement and Control System - Google Patents
The method for building up of plateau long range heavy construction Measurement and Control System Download PDFInfo
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- CN106289195B CN106289195B CN201610748721.XA CN201610748721A CN106289195B CN 106289195 B CN106289195 B CN 106289195B CN 201610748721 A CN201610748721 A CN 201610748721A CN 106289195 B CN106289195 B CN 106289195B
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of method for building up of plateau long range heavy construction Measurement and Control System.One big " trunk canal control net " is initially set up, the gage frame of engineering is subjected to unification.Then, multiple " building controls nets " are established respectively, meet the required precision of corresponding building.Finally, " trunk canal control net " is effectively connected with " building controls net ", forms whole construction Survey Control.This method is directed to plateau long range large-scale construction project, provides high-precision topographic support, realizes the global design and unified plan of engineering, establishes accurate engineering surveying control system；Design, construction, implementation management and the management maintenance of line of project is set all to carry out the work under the frame for having unified precision, standard.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to engineering measuring technology fields, are more specifically measured to say it is a kind of plateau long range heavy construction
The method for building up of control system.
Background technology
The foundation of engineering surveying control system is basis and the foundation of engineering construction, and the precision of control system directly influences
The measuring precision of engineering main line and building.Therefore, in the project planning stage, it is necessary to according to the measuring requirement of engineering and engineering
Feature designs corresponding Measurement and Control System, to ensure the required precision of engineering.It is more necessary for complicated Larger Engineering Projects
There is first-class topographic support, realizes the global design and unified plan of engineering, establish accurate engineering surveying control system and come
At the design of control system, design, construction, implementation management and the management of line of project can be made to safeguard all in a unified essence
It spends, carry out the work under the control of the frame of standard, all to engineering construction, safety monitoring, operational management and completion of works examination etc.
It is of great significance.
The usually geometric properties of research Measurement and Control System and the ideal method of precision forecast are, in some regioal hypothesis
Then one true value net identical with design scheme carries out more survey time sights with engineering institute instrument and method to be used in the region
It surveys, testing result and true value is compared, find out true error as the foundation for judging and analyzing.But it is such in practice
It operates time-consuming and laborious, is local property capable of being accomplished even if under individual cases, can only be used to limited range areas, to multiple
Miscellaneous Larger Engineering Projects are not applicable.
For the heavy construction of plateau long range, since Reduction of Length value is larger, the reason of the actual quantities length of side and inverse will be generated
The problems such as having big difference by the length of side, the measurement accuracy such as engineering main line, building caused to transfinite.In order to meet control net side length
The required precision of distortion of projection needs to consider the perspective plane of selection, central meridian, point band scheme and ellipsoid tranformation
The methods of, to reach the optimization design of control system.Therefore, new scheme need to be established, above-mentioned technical problem is efficiently solved.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention provides plateau long range heavy construction and surveys to overcome the shortcoming of above-mentioned background technology
The method for building up of amount control system solves the heavy construction of plateau long range, since Reduction of Length value is larger, will generate actual quantities
The problem of length of side and the theoretical length of side of inverse have big difference, the measurement accuracy such as engineering main line, building are caused to transfinite.
To achieve the goals above, the technical scheme is that it is such：Plateau long range heavy construction measures control
The method for building up of system, includes the following steps：
Step 1, one big " trunk canal control net " is established in the foundation of arterial control net, by the gage frame of engineering into
Row is unified；
Step 2, the foundation of building controls net establishes multiple " building controls nets ", meets corresponding building respectively
The required precision of construction；
Step 3, arterial control net and building controls net are connected, i.e., by " trunk canal control net " and " building controls net "
Effectively it is connected, forms whole Control Survey Triangulation Network for Construction.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, the step 1 is further comprising the steps of：
Step 1-1, narrow point of band mode reduce projection point band range, and then shorten for the feature of heavy construction span length
Marginal point is deformed to the abscissa distance of central meridian to efficiently control changing of Gauss；
Step 1-2 adapts to the projection compensation method of elevation variation, and elevation variable quantity is introduced elevation naturalization deformation formula
In, best projection offset is calculated, it is minimum to make the Maximum constraint that engineering comprehensive deforms obtain.
In formula 1, L (y) is the engineering comprehensive deflection changed with central meridian distance y with ranging side, and k is
The elevation in area is surveyed with the change rate of y values, HdTo project offset, H0It is the elevation for surveying area at central meridian, R values
6371km.Subsequent problem is to seek suitably projecting offset Hd, make y ∈ (ymin,ymax) when have max { | L (y) | } minimum.
Specifically divide following three kinds of situations, kR<yminOr kR>ymax
Wherein, H1、H2It is H respectively0In ymin、ymaxThe elevation at place.
①(ymin+ymax)/2<kR<ymax
②ymin<kR<(ymin+ymax)/2
Respectively H is sought with formula 2,3,4dValue.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, the step 2 is further comprising the steps of：
Step 2-1 calculates building precision, calculates engineering works simulation holing through survey precision m firsty, calculation
As shown in formula 5 and formula 6.Wherein MyIt is error in lateral direction penetrating, MGPSIt is the middle error of building GPS observations, MJD、MCDPoint
Be not building import and export conducting wire in error, L0It is the total length of building,
Step 2-2 determines building controls net layout scheme, and the layout scheme of building controls net need to be according to building essence
Angle value determines, is specifically divided into two kinds of situations：
The first situation, be less than using the comprehensive deformation value L (y) that the arterial control net of region obtains when building or
The precision m of holing through survey is simulated equal to ityWhen, arterial control net can be used directly as building controls net.
The second situation, when the comprehensive deformation value L (y) of building is more than the precision m of holing through surveyyWhen, it should establish new
Building controls net.When new building controls net is established, the observation length of side of building, but will be into without Correction in Gauss Projection
Row elevation naturalization projection correction.Elevation naturalization projection correction method is must to project to the observation length of side of building selected
On building elevation face, and mutually it is connected with arterial control net.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, the step 3 is further comprising the steps of：
Step 3-1 determines the projection elevation face of building, and the Mean height plane for being typically chosen building engineering region is to throw
Shadow face；
Step 3-2 after perspective plane determines, using ellipsoid tranformation method, newly controls building the reference ellipsoid of net definition
Body is converted；So that the ellipsoid dignity and building projection elevation face after transformation are tangent；
Step 3-3 is uniformly arranged horizontal control point, number generally no less than 3 around building.For length compared with
Big linear building is then that horizontal control point is arranged at both ends, and the number respectively held all is no less than 3；
Step 3-4, selected building are affiliated to a little and are affiliated to direction, use " one point and one direction " adjustment mode and main line control
Net processed is connected.It is wherein affiliated to the horizontal control point for being a little chosen for building intermediate region, direction point is affiliated to and is chosen for building
Object fringe region is from being affiliated to a little remote as possible horizontal control point.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：For plateau long range large-scale construction project, high-precision topographic support is provided, it is real
The global design and unified plan of existing engineering, establish accurate engineering surveying control system；Make the design of line of project, construction,
Implementation management and management maintenance are all carried out the work under the frame for having unified precision, standard.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is narrow point of band schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is ellipsoid tranformation schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is tunnel horizontal control point schematic diagram.
Specific implementation mode
Performance that the invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but they do not constitute limitation of the invention, only make
Citing, while by illustrating that advantages of the present invention will become clearer and be readily appreciated that.
Plateau long range engineering span is long, elevation changes greatly, is difficult to meet its requirement of engineering precision with single control net.
Therefore, it is necessary to initially set up one big " trunk canal control net ", the gage frame of engineering is subjected to unification.Then, it establishes respectively
Multiple " building controls nets ", meet the required precision of corresponding building.Finally, by " trunk canal control net " and " building
Control net " is effectively connected, and forms whole construction Survey Control, as shown in Figure 1.
Specific method and step：
Step 1, one big " trunk canal control net " is established in the foundation of arterial control net, by the gage frame of engineering into
Row is unified；
For the heavy construction of plateau long range, there is two kinds of measurement deflections for main line.First, surveying area far from center
Changing of Gauss caused by noon line deforms；Second is that survey area dispersed elevation it is big, caused by elevation naturalization deform.Two kinds of deflections are cumulative
The comprehensive deformation on ranging side is obtained, to influence the measurement accuracy of engineering construction.Therefore, the present invention use " narrow point band mode " with
" the projection compensation method for adapting to elevation variation " respectively reduces the deformation of changing of Gauss and elevation naturalization deformation, to reduce engineering
Comprehensive deformation.
It is further comprising the steps of：
Step 1-1, narrow point of band mode reduce projection point band range, and then shorten for the feature of heavy construction span length
Marginal point is deformed to the abscissa distance of central meridian to efficiently control changing of Gauss；
As shown in Fig. 2, being that country is divided into 3 parts for 3 degree with averagely narrow, 1 degree of band is only occupied per part；This narrow point of mode
Gauss the changing deflection of wherein 1 point region can be reduced an order of magnitude.If requirement of engineering will divide the Gauss of region
Changing Deformation control obtains smaller, can also be divided into 0.5 degree of band, 0.3 degree of band etc. with narrow by national 3 degree, specifically can be according to engineering need
It asks to determine.
Step 1-2 adapts to the projection compensation method of elevation variation, and elevation variable quantity is introduced elevation naturalization deformation formula
In, best projection offset is calculated, it is minimum to make the Maximum constraint that engineering comprehensive deforms obtain.
In formula 1, L (y) is the engineering comprehensive deflection changed with central meridian distance y with ranging side, and k is
The elevation in area is surveyed with the change rate of y values, HdTo project offset, H0It is the elevation for surveying area at central meridian, R values
6371km.Subsequent problem is to seek suitably projecting offset Hd, make y ∈ (ymin,ymax) when have max { | L (y) | } minimum.
Specifically divide following three kinds of situations, seeks H with formula 2,3,4 respectivelydValue.
①kR<yminOr kR>ymax
Wherein, H1、H2It is H respectively0In ymin、ymaxThe elevation at place.
②(ymin+ymax)/2<kR<ymax
③ymin<kR<(ymin+ymax)/2
After point band mode that engineering main line is determined by above-mentioned steps 1-1, main line can be divided into n part, wherein n is by work
Cheng overall lengths and narrow point of band mode determine.For example, certain engineering completely spans 2 countries, 3 degree of bands, narrow point of side of 1 degree of band is used
After formula, n values are 6, indicate that engineering main line is divided into 6 parts.Then, each part is counted using the method for step 1-2
Best projection offset is calculated, and is used in engineering corresponding portion.So far, engineering arterial control net has just obtained completely building
It is vertical.
Step 2, the foundation of building controls net establishes multiple " building controls nets ", meets corresponding building respectively
The required precision of construction；
Step 2-1 calculates building precision, calculates engineering works simulation holing through survey precision m firsty, calculation
As shown in formula 5 and formula 6.Wherein MyIt is error in lateral direction penetrating, MGPSIt is the middle error of building GPS observations, MJD、MCDPoint
Be not building import and export conducting wire in error, L0It is the total length of building,
Step 2-2 determines building controls net layout scheme, and the layout scheme of building controls net need to be according to building essence
Angle value determines, is specifically divided into two kinds of situations：
The first situation, be less than using the comprehensive deformation value L (y) that the arterial control net of region obtains when building or
The precision m of holing through survey is simulated equal to ityWhen, arterial control net can be used directly as building controls net.
The second situation, when the comprehensive deformation value L (y) of building is more than the precision m of holing through surveyyWhen, it should establish new
Building controls net.When new building controls net is established, the observation length of side of building, but will be into without Correction in Gauss Projection
Row elevation naturalization projection correction.Elevation naturalization projection correction method is must to project to the observation length of side of building selected
On building elevation face, and mutually it is connected with arterial control net.
Step 3, arterial control net and building controls net are connected, i.e., by " trunk canal control net " and " building controls net "
Effectively it is connected, forms whole Control Survey Triangulation Network for Construction.
When establishing new building controls net, it is related to the connection problem of building and arterial control net.Further include with
Lower specific steps：
Step 3-1 determines the projection elevation face of building, and the Mean height plane for being typically chosen building engineering region is to throw
Shadow face；
Step 3-2 after perspective plane determines, using ellipsoid tranformation method, newly controls building the reference ellipsoid of net definition
Body is converted；So that the ellipsoid dignity and building projection elevation face after transformation are tangent；As shown in figure 3, being ellipsoid tranformation side
Ellipsoid in method expands schematic diagram, this is also ellipsoid tranformation method the most commonly used in engineering；In addition to this it is possible to according to work
Journey needs to select ellipsoid deformation method or ellipsoid shifting method.
Step 3-3 is uniformly arranged horizontal control point, number generally no less than 3 around building.For length compared with
Big linear building is then that horizontal control point is arranged at both ends, and the number respectively held all is no less than 3；It is larger for length
Linear building is then that horizontal control point is arranged at both ends, and the number respectively held all is no less than 3.For example, threadiness shown in Fig. 4
Subterranean tunnel, entrance are equipped with tetra- control points J0, J1, J2, J3, and exit is equipped with tetra- control points C0, C1, C2, C3.
Step 3-4, selected building are affiliated to a little and are affiliated to direction, use " one point and one direction " adjustment mode and main line control
Net processed is connected.It is wherein affiliated to the horizontal control point for being a little chosen for building intermediate region, direction point is affiliated to and is chosen for building
Object fringe region is from being affiliated to a little remote as possible horizontal control point.
Unspecified is the prior art.
Claims (1)
1. the method for building up of plateau long range heavy construction Measurement and Control System, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
Step 1, the foundation of arterial control net establishes one big " trunk canal control net ", the gage frame of engineering is united
One；
Step 2, the foundation of building controls net establishes multiple " building controls nets ", meets corresponding building respectively
Required precision；
Step 3, arterial control net and building controls net are connected, i.e., " trunk canal control net " and " building controls net " is effective
Ground is connected, and forms whole Control Survey Triangulation Network for Construction；
The step 1 is further comprising the steps of：
Step 1-1, narrow point of band mode reduce projection point band range, and then shorten edge for the feature of heavy construction span length
Point is deformed to the abscissa distance of central meridian to efficiently control changing of Gauss；
Step 1-2 adapts to the projection compensation method of elevation variation, elevation variable quantity is introduced into elevation naturalization deformation formula, counts
Best projection offset is calculated, it is minimum to make the Maximum constraint that engineering comprehensive deforms obtain,
In formula 1, L (y) is the engineering comprehensive deflection changed with central meridian distance y with ranging side, and k is to survey area
Interior elevation is with the change rate of y values, HdTo project offset, H0It is to survey elevation of the area at central meridian, R value 6371km,
Subsequent problem is to seek suitably projecting offset Hd, make y ∈ (ymin,ymax) when have that max { | L (y) | } is minimum, specific point is such as
Lower three kinds of situations,
①kR<yminOr kR>ymax
Wherein, H1、H2It is H respectively0In ymin、ymaxThe elevation at place,
②(ymin+ymax)/2<kR<ymax
③ymin<kR<(ymin+ymax)/2
Respectively H is sought with formula 2,3,4dValue；
The step 2 is further comprising the steps of：
Step 2-1 calculates building precision, calculates engineering works simulation holing through survey precision m firsty, calculation such as formula
5 with formula 6 shown in, wherein MyIt is error in lateral direction penetrating, MGPSIt is the middle error of building GPS observations, MJD、MCDIt builds respectively
Build error in the conducting wire of object import and export, L0It is the total length of building,
Step 2-2 determines building controls net layout scheme, and the layout scheme of building controls net need to be according to building accuracy value
It determines, is specifically divided into two kinds of situations：
The first situation, when building is less than or equal to using the comprehensive deformation amount L (y) that the arterial control net of region obtains
It simulates the precision m of holing through surveyyWhen, arterial control net can be used directly as building controls net；
The second situation, when the comprehensive deformation amount L (y) of building is more than the precision m of holing through surveyyWhen, establish new building control
Net processed, when new building controls net is established, the observation length of side of building will carry out elevation and return without Correction in Gauss Projection
Change projection correction, elevation naturalization projection correction method is that it is high that the observation length of side of building must be projected to selected building
On journey face, and mutually it is connected with arterial control net；
The step 3 is further comprising the steps of：
Step 3-1 determines the projection elevation face of building, selects the Mean height plane in building engineering region for perspective plane；
Step 3-2, perspective plane determine after, using ellipsoid tranformation method, to building newly control net define reference ellipsoid into
Row transformation；So that the ellipsoid dignity and building projection elevation face after transformation are tangent；
Step 3-3, is uniformly arranged horizontal control point around building, and number generally no less than 3 is larger for length
Linear building is then that horizontal control point is arranged at both ends, and the number respectively held all is no less than 3；
Step 3-4, selected building are affiliated to a little and are affiliated to direction, use " one point and one direction " adjustment mode and arterial control net
It is connected, wherein being affiliated to the horizontal control point for being a little chosen for building intermediate region, is affiliated to direction point and is chosen for building side
Edge region is from being affiliated to a little remote as possible horizontal control point.
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| CN108731648B (en) * | 2018-03-15 | 2020-12-22 | 广州市城市规划勘测设计研究院 | 2000 independent coordinate system parameter obtaining method, device and computer readable storage medium |
| CN110044302B (en) * | 2019-04-08 | 2020-12-25 | 长江空间信息技术工程有限公司(武汉) | Multi-projection-surface deformation control method based on elevation normalization model |
| CN111006639A (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2020-04-14 | 江苏苏州地质工程勘察院 | Interval tunnel penetration measurement method |
| CN113158463B (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2023-12-22 | 西安科技大学 | Engineering control network coordinate system establishment method and system based on machine learning |
| CN113779817B (en) * | 2021-11-11 | 2022-03-11 | 长江空间信息技术工程有限公司(武汉) | Method for analyzing reference stability of measurement control network |
| CN118500368A (en) * | 2024-07-12 | 2024-08-16 | 中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Engineering projection deformation control method and device |
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| CN102074047B (en) * | 2011-01-06 | 2012-08-08 | 天津市星际空间地理信息工程有限公司 | High-fineness urban three-dimensional modeling method |
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