CN110567448A - Method for measuring elevation coordinates by total station - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of surveying and mapping engineering, in particular to a method for measuring an elevation coordinate by a total station, which comprises the steps of erecting the total station on a point A with a known horizontal and vertical coordinate, measuring a point C with a known elevation h1 which is visible through the total station, reading the elevation h2 of the point C by the total station, measuring the reading elevation z3 of the instrument to be measured C, measuring the actual elevation z4= h1-h2+ z3, reading different point reading values and actual values which are equal difference because the instrument height of the same measuring station is unchanged, setting prism reading data after inputting the coordinate of the back view, measuring any known elevation point and unknown point record, and calculating the actual elevation by an equal difference method. The lofting precision and speed are improved.

Description

Method for measuring elevation coordinates by total station

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of surveying and mapping engineering, in particular to a method for measuring an elevation coordinate by a total station.

Background

In the building engineering, the situation of coordinate height is met in earthwork backfill, earthwork excavation, foundation pit displacement monitoring and paying-off below a main body second layer, a general method is that a total station is erected on a point position with known coordinate height, a point position below the instrument is measured and arranged to be input into the instrument, a rearview prism is erected on a point position with known coordinate and height, and the prism height is input. In practical measurement, due to the complexity of measurement, many measurement conditions and the factors of errors generated in operation steps, the measurement precision and speed of the device cannot meet the measurement requirements easily.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention overcomes the defects in the prior art, provides the method for measuring the elevation coordinate by the total station, integrates the advantages of the total station and the level, and improves the lofting precision and speed.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme.

A method for measuring an elevation coordinate by a total station specifically comprises the following steps:

a) setting a foundation pit side line on the outer side of a region to be detected, selecting a erection point A on the foundation pit side line, wherein the horizontal and vertical coordinates of the A are known as (x 1, y 1), selecting a rear viewpoint B of the A, the horizontal and vertical coordinates of the B are known as (x 2, y 2), selecting any visible point c of the A, and the elevation of the c is known as h 1; and the pair A and the pair B are in full view with the area to be detected.

b) the total station is erected on the point A, and coordinates (x 1, y 1) of the point A are input into the station.

c) The prism is mounted on point B, and the coordinates (x 2, y 2) of rear view B are input on the total station.

d) And erecting the prism to a point c with a known elevation, and reading the elevation value of the point c on the total station to be h 2.

e) And reading the test coordinates of the point C to be measured which can be seen at the point A on the total station as (x 3, y3, z 3), wherein the actual coordinates of the point C to be measured are (x 3, y3, z 4), and z4= h1-h2+ z 3.

Preferably, the distance between the A and the side line of the foundation pit is more than or equal to 1.5 m.

The instrument is set to point A, point c is measured at a known level h1 for a clear view, and the instrument reads the level h 2. And then, the earth space measurement is carried out to read the elevation of the C to be z3, the actual elevation of the C is z4= h1-h2+ z3, because the height of the instrument in the same measuring station is unchanged, the read value and the actual value of different points are read to be in equal difference, the prism read data are immediately obtained after the coordinate of the back view is input, then any known elevation point and any unknown point record are measured, and the actual elevation is calculated through an equal difference method. Therefore, the elevation and the actual elevation of the point to be measured can be rapidly calculated.

The invention eliminates the artificial error of the height of the measuring instrument using the measuring tape and the error of the measuring tape; because of the complicated geographic environment of the construction site, the method can complete tasks only by two control points with unknown elevations and one control point with known elevations, but the existing method needs two control points with known coordinates and elevations, if the site does not have the two control points, the total station and the level gauge need to be used for point conversion, the method only needs the total station, and the error caused by point conversion through the level gauge is eliminated; the method is simple to use, can be used as long as lofting is realized, does not need to know the procedure of the elevation measurement and setting of the total station, and can neglect the elevation of the viewpoint after the station is set because the operation contents of the elevation measurement and setting of different total stations are different, and errors caused by unfamiliarity with the elevation measurement and setting of instruments can be avoided; the accuracy of elevation control is improved on foundation pit displacement monitoring, the foundation pit displacement condition can be known earlier, and time is striven for by adopting a corresponding foundation pit processing scheme later.

compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that.

1. the invention saves a level gauge and a length measuring tool, reduces instruments and equipment, can reduce instrument allocation without using the level gauge, saves time, can reduce errors caused by using the level gauge, relatively reduces the number of required surveying and mapping personnel and improves the working efficiency.

2. In the conventional method, the point A is provided with coordinates and an elevation, if the point A is a turning point, the turning point can be completed by the total station and the level instrument twice, and the method only needs the known plane coordinates and any through elevation of the point A, so that the method is more convenient and simpler.

3. The invention does not need to consider the height of the instrument and the height of the prism in the process of re-measurement, thereby not only having simple operation, but also reducing the data to be measured.

4. The invention sets the three-dimensional measurement of the lofting point by applying the minimum conditions, integrates the advantages of the total station and improves the lofting precision and speed.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a total station surveying distribution diagram, wherein A, B, C, D, E is a plane coordinate point location, a, B, C, d are elevation point locations, wherein a is an erection point, B is a rear viewpoint of a, and C is a point to be measured.

Detailed Description

in order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. The technical solutions of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and the drawings, but the scope of protection is not limited thereto.

1. Preparation for administration

Preparing a total station, a pair of total station foot stands, a pair of prism rods, a pair of hammers, a single settlement observation target, a total station operator, a pair of interphones, a recorder and a rearview prism operator.

Compared with the conventional method, the method has the advantages that the loss and the belt leakage of the instruments are reduced, the coordination of the instruments is greatly realized, the number of surveying and mapping personnel is reduced, and the working efficiency is improved.

2. Conditions of application

The wind power grade is not more than 4, no rainy and foggy weather exists, and no vibration source such as construction machinery exists around the instrument.

selecting a mounting point: before using the instrument to measure, at first selected instrument erection position A point, the selected position satisfies the backsight and executes survey point and look through, because A point can backsight B point and E point, can treat the survey district moreover and execute the survey, and the position of erectting must not be less than 1.5 meters apart from the foundation ditch edge, and soil is closely knit, must not select the great side slope of crack to erect.

3. Coordinate transfer point

The original method needs the instrument to be erected to the point B, the point C or the point E is viewed backwards, the x and y coordinates are subjected to instrument rotation, and the z coordinate is measured backwards through the level to rotate the elevation point to the point A. When the total station is not used for rotating the height, the height of the measuring instrument and the height of the prism are required when the total station rotates the height, and the measuring precision is easily influenced by the tape prism and artificial errors when the height of the measuring instrument and the height of the prism are high.

The x, y and z coordinates of a point C to be measured need to be measured, the total station is erected to a point B, a point C or a point E is viewed, and the plane coordinates are transferred to a point A, so long as a visible C elevation point exists.

The method specifically comprises the following steps: setting a foundation pit side line on the outer side of a region to be detected, selecting a erection point A on the foundation pit side line, wherein the horizontal and vertical coordinates of the A are known as (x 1, y 1), selecting a rear viewpoint B of the A, the horizontal and vertical coordinates of the B are known as (x 2, y 2), selecting any visible point c of the A, and the elevation of the c is known as h 1; and the pair A and the pair B are in full view with the area to be detected.

The total station is erected on the point A, and coordinates (x 1, y 1) of the point A are input into the station.

The prism is mounted on point B, and the coordinates (x 2, y 2) of rear view B are input on the total station.

And erecting the prism to a point c with a known elevation, and reading the elevation value of the point c on the total station to be h 2.

And reading the test coordinates of the point C to be measured which can be seen at the point A on the total station as (x 3, y3, z 3), wherein the actual coordinates of the point C to be measured are (x 3, y3, z 4), and z4= h1-h2+ z 3.

While the invention has been described in further detail with reference to specific preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (2)

1. A method for measuring an elevation coordinate by a total station is characterized by comprising the following steps:

a) Setting a foundation pit side line on the outer side of a region to be detected, selecting a erection point A on the foundation pit side line, wherein the horizontal and vertical coordinates of the A are known as (x 1, y 1), selecting a rear viewpoint B of the A, the horizontal and vertical coordinates of the B are known as (x 2, y 2), selecting any visible point c of the A, and the elevation of the c is known as h 1; the pair A and the pair B are in full view with the area to be detected;

b) Erecting the total station on the point A, and setting the station to input the coordinates (x 1, y 1) of the point A;

c) Erecting a prism on a point B, and inputting coordinates (x 2, y 2) of a rearview B on a total station;

d) Erecting the prism to a point c with a known elevation, and reading the elevation value of the point c on a total station instrument to be h 2;

e) And reading the test coordinates of the point C to be measured which can be seen at the point A on the total station as (x 3, y3, z 3), wherein the actual coordinates of the point C to be measured are (x 3, y3, z 4), and z4= h1-h2+ z 3.

2. The method for measuring elevation coordinates by using a total station as claimed in claim 1, wherein the distance from A to the side line of the foundation pit is greater than or equal to 1.5 m.