CN104848845A - Underground tunnel virtual double-lead control measurement method - Google Patents
Underground tunnel virtual double-lead control measurement method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104848845A CN104848845A CN201510309200.XA CN201510309200A CN104848845A CN 104848845 A CN104848845 A CN 104848845A CN 201510309200 A CN201510309200 A CN 201510309200A CN 104848845 A CN104848845 A CN 104848845A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an underground tunnel virtual double-lead control measurement method which comprises the following steps: in the underground tunnel engineering control and measurement process, selecting and burying one conventional branch lead according to most advantageous measurement conditions firstly, establishing virtual double leads inside the conventional branch lead in advance, and then performing field surveying and internal data processing by using a specific method strictly according to the established virtual double leads, thereby obtaining control point accomplishment of which the precision is equal to or even superior to that of conventional double leads. Therefore, underground tunnel lead control measurement has characteristics of flexibility and simplicity in arrangement and rapidness and convenience in measurement of the conventional branch lead, and high precision and high reliability of double leads, the problems that the underground tunnel lead control measurement site arrangement, measurement efficiency and measurement cost are conflicted with one another can be effectively solved, and the underground tunnel virtual double-lead control measurement method is wide in popularization prospect, can be used in various engineering control measurements, and particularly has remarkable advantages in control measurement in which the longer an underground tunnel is, the harder the measurement environment is.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to engineering survey field, particularly a kind of subterranean tunnel virtual two-conductor line control survey method.
Background technology
Underground tunnel project control survey is divided in hole and two parts outside hole, control survey object ensures that the workplace that underground tunnel project excavates in opposite directions can be correctly through by the precision of regulation, and every buildings is built by design attitude and geometric configuration, do not invade track clearance, meet examination accuracy requirement, all kinds of engineering all has corresponding specifications of surveys to have strict regulation to piercing error, different specification regulation is variant, to require higher High Speed Rail Projects to underground tunnel holing through, " High Speed Rail Projects specifications of surveys (TB10601-2009) " makes following regulation to underground tunnel through error:
Tunnel control network survey is to the regulation of piercing error
In Practical Project work progress, often have because subterranean tunnel piercing error transfinite cause liner sections to invade tunnel clearance and cause repair cutter, do over again, line transfer, few up to a million, up to ten million at most of economic loss, control tunnel through error is of crucial importance.
Present measurement of the level means and high-precision leveling instrument, carry out measurement by specification and can meet the requirement of specification to subterranean tunnel elevation piercing error; Outside tunnel control survey due to observation condition better, the application of GPS measurement means, by the affecting part and also can meet code requirement easily tunnel lateral direction penetrating error of control survey outside hole; In subterranean tunnel hole, Controling network is progressively pushed ahead and is built up in work progress, and front end retrains without known point, all proportional radial enlargement of error or mistake, and whether become subterranean tunnel can by the through crucial measurement links of specification specification error.
The current method of subterranean tunnel Horizontal control in tunnel has two kinds:
One method is open traverse: wire extends out successively from known control point and do not conform to, do not close on any known control point.
The advantage that open traverse is measured is: lay simply, flexible, surveying work amount is little, its shortcoming is: check condition because open traverse lacks, to make a mistake or rough error cannot find by checking in observation or computation process, adopting when therefore only, measuring accuracy very short in subterranean tunnel length requires lower.
Another kind method is two-conductor line: often locating to lay two points in pairs when tracerse point is laid, also can all around be staggeredly arranged, during observation, every 4 ~ 6 limits form a polygonal circuit.
The advantage that two-conductor line is measured is: can roll up the excess observation component of net, the closed of increase wire checks condition, the bulk strength improving net and precision, be widely adopted in this kind of subterranean tunnel horizontal control survey that method is longer in length, accuracy requirement is higher at present, its shortcoming is: select difficulty of layouting, and is multiplied relative to open traverse pile anchoring quantity, surveying work amount, measurement cost.
In past subterranean tunnel hole, the development of control survey is all centered around on instrument hardware equipment and data processing software, the development of instrument and software is in bottleneck now, up develop again in a period of time and become very difficult, subterranean tunnel due to its present position special, narrow space in hole, cannot can only adopt tracerse survey by receiving satellite signal, measuring method never new in decades substitutes, so subterranean tunnel Horizontal control in tunnel is in order to improve overall precision and the reliability of net, we measure the traditional two-conductor line of Long-Time Service of having to, as everyone knows, in subterranean tunnel hole, control survey cost is mainly reflected in three aspects, one is that Controling network is laid in reconnaissance pile anchoring, two is that field operation measurement data is collected, three is the process of interior industry performance data, and two-conductor line will be established at narrow subterranean tunnel lining, good sighting condition should be ensured, avoiding barrier, paired laying tracerse point and network forming form closed hoop, reconnaissance pile anchoring is not only very difficult, and pile anchoring quantity is many, it is high that Controling network cost is laid in reconnaissance pile anchoring, when field operation is measured, the time that real every survey station is measured after preliminary work is carried out is relatively-stationary, much difference are not had yet for different operating personnel Measuring Time, the often time of a tunnel Traverse Survey, major part has been used in look for barrier in point, cleaning sight line, connect light fixture, in preliminary work such as erection measuring equipment etc., field operation is measured and the interlaced impact of constructing tunnel, measure efficiency extremely low, in subterranean tunnel hole, control survey makes measurement and construction cost, progress all be had a strong impact on, due to greatly developing of industry software part in computing machine and measurement, make industry performance data efficiency in different survey crew process very nearly the same, comprehensive above analysis, wants control survey cost in subterranean tunnel hole and is controlled, and measures efficiency and is improved, and can only find breach on Controling network is laid in reconnaissance pile anchoring and field operation measurement data is collected.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome in existing subterranean tunnel hole the shortcoming controlled in measuring technique, a kind of subterranean tunnel virtual two-conductor line control survey method is provided.The method has that open traverse is laid flexibly, convenient, to measure cost low, has again the feature of two-conductor line high precision, high reliability simultaneously, finally can ensure measuring accuracy, increase work efficiency, saves and measure cost.
In order to realize foregoing invention object, the invention provides following technical scheme:
A kind of subterranean tunnel virtual two-conductor line control survey method, comprises the following steps:
Step 1, lays an open traverse, and number-mark.Lay open traverse by traditional open traverse method, open traverse is laid and is also called and buries underground, and refer to the burial and construction of open traverse or arrange construction, the open traverse laid is called the actual open traverse buried underground, numbers conventionally number consecutively identify clear.Preferably, select the open traverse being conducive to measuring condition to bury scheme underground and carry out open traverse laying construction.
Step 2, draw laid open traverse schematic diagram, in the side of this actual open traverse buried underground, industry builds a virtual open traverse, the actual corresponding virtual wires point of each tracerse point burying open traverse underground, each virtual wires point all arranges numbering, form a closed hoop by code requirement together with the former actual open traverse buried underground, form virtual two-conductor line.Preferably, be numbered independent numbering, number do not repeat with actual open traverse of burying underground.Preferably, described code requirement refers to associated tunnel construction survey specification, and the laying as the 6.5.3 hole inside conductor of " High Speed Rail Projects specifications of surveys " TB10601-2009 should meet the following requirements.Preferably as, 4 ~ 6 points form a closed hoop, form virtual two-conductor line.
Step 3, the virtual two-conductor line strictly built by Inner industry carries out field operation measurement, and preferably, virtual two-conductor line method of testing is tested by the two-conductor line method of testing of standard.Preferably, the one or more tracerse survey field datas in level angle, vertical angle and the wire length of side are collected when field operation is measured.Preferably, virtual open traverse and the actual same point of tracerse point burying open traverse underground, adopt and the actual order burying open traverse underground contrary is measured.Preferably, described backward measurement is: surveying instrument is all rotated 180 ° with direction when measurement catoptron surveyor's beacon optical centering device centering direction and level tube leveling and carries out again precise alignment leveling, carry out reading measurement by the actual contrary order of tracerse survey of burying underground.Preferably, traverse measurement data at least can realize the object of Traverse Survey.Preferably, above-mentioned field survey data are through the qualified data of field-checking.Preferred, measurement data can also comprise other relevant test data, improves precision for auxiliary virtual two-conductor line control survey method.
Step 4, processes field data, obtains each tracerse point coordinate results of virtual two-conductor line after rigorous adjustment.Preferred field data should be qualified, should reject manifest error data, invalid data in test site.Rigorous adjustment can reduce the impact of rough error on Traverse Accuracy to greatest extent, and the specification regulation fourth class and above traverse adjustment adopt rigorous adjustment.
Step 5, averages the virtual wires point coordinate of each open traverse point and correspondence thereof, as the final coordinate of this tracerse point.
The present inventor is in long-term measurement practice process, find that existing S.C. and two-conductor line measuring method all exist certain defect, but those skilled in the art fails again to find suitable method to solve this problem, inventor is by long-term measurement practice and grope, and finally obtains the control survey method of virtual two-conductor line of the present invention.The present invention has the advantage that open traverse is laid flexibly, convenient, measurement cost is low simultaneously, has again the advantage of two-conductor line high precision, high reliability, can ensure measuring accuracy, increase work efficiency, saves measurement cost.
Further, the open traverse in step 1 is arranged and is arranged by now traditional open traverse completely, selects best observation condition.
Further, the virtual two-conductor line built in step 2, actual is a traditional open traverse, is the virtual two-conductor line of an empty reality, carries out field data measurement by traditional two-conductor line net in measuring process.
Further, when step 3 field data is measured, actual to the measurement of virtual wires point is measure open traverse point corresponding to each virtual wires point, and measurement Specifications, the measuring equipment selected all perform conventional wires measuring technique standard.Can comprise as follows by normative reference/books: TB10601-2009 " High Speed Rail Projects specifications of surveys ", GB50308-2008 " city track traffic engineering specifications of surveys ", TB10101-2009 " railroad engineering survey specification ", books " engineering surveying ".Preferably, when measuring virtual open traverse, surveying instrument is all rotated 180 ° with direction when measurement catoptron surveyor's beacon optical centering device centering direction and level tube leveling and carries out again precise alignment leveling, then measuring method carries out the data measuring virtual open traverse routinely.
Further, step 4 data processing is that the virtual two-conductor line data obtained by fieldwork observation carry out data prediction, detection of closure error, rigorous adjustment by traditional double wire.
Further, the virtual wires point coordinate of each open traverse point and correspondence is averaged by step 5, and as the final coordinate of this tracerse point, the actual achievement that uses is the equivalent open traverse even surmounted in traditional double Traverse Accuracy.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention:
1. the present invention has the advantage that open traverse is laid flexibly, convenient, measurement cost is low simultaneously, has again the advantage of two-conductor line high precision, high reliability, can ensure measuring accuracy, increase work efficiency, saves measurement cost.
2. the present invention is on the basis not increasing any new hardware and software input, virtual two-conductor line measurement scheme is combined into by virtual wires and open traverse, obtain the equivalent open traverse even surmounted in traditional double Traverse Accuracy, make subterranean tunnel control survey become easy, quick, efficient.
3. virtual two-conductor line measuring method of the present invention possesses the advantage of open traverse and two-conductor line simultaneously, arrangement convenience is flexible, reconnaissance pile anchoring cost savings 50%, personnel cost saves 40%, field operation surveying work efficiency improves more than 30%, not only save measurement cost, also reduce due to constructing tunnel interlaced and affect construction speed and increase construction cost situation occur, economic effect is fairly obvious.Significant advantage is had more in the control survey that particularly, measurement environment longer at subterranean tunnel is more difficult.
4. measuring method of the present invention effectively solves subterranean tunnel Traverse Survey point arrangement, measures efficiency, measures problem conflicting between cost, has promotion prospect widely, can be used for various engineering control survey.
Accompanying drawing illustrates:
Fig. 1 is the on-the-spot actual open traverse schematic diagram buried underground in the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the virtual two-conductor line schematic diagram that in the present invention, interior industry builds.
Fig. 3 is that in the present invention, virtual two-conductor line finally adopts open traverse schematic diagram.
Description of symbols in figure: K1 ... Kn is the outer reference mark of Tunnel, the outer reference mark of tunnel Hai Dong of K1-K4 is only marked in Fig. 1-3, but should not be construed as and only have 4 reference mark, as long as the target that Tunnel external pelivimetry controls can be realized, the adjustment that the quantity at reference mark can adapt to, certainly can comprise more Tunnel and control outward.
D1 ... Dn is open traverse point in Tunnel.
XD1 ... XDn is virtual wires point in Tunnel.
D1 eventually ... Dn is final open traverse point eventually.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, subterranean tunnel provided by the invention virtual two-conductor line control survey method is described further, but this should be interpreted as that the scope of the above-mentioned theme of the present invention is only limitted to following embodiment, all technology realized based on content of the present invention all belong to scope of the present invention.The present invention includes following steps:
Step 1, as shown in Figure 1, K1 is had outside hole, underground tunnel project one end ... the outer reference mark of K4 Tunnel, selects best measuring condition to select along tunnel excavation tunneling direction and buries an open traverse, number consecutively D1 ... Dn mark is clear, draws laid open traverse schematic diagram.
This is existing traditional open traverse method for arranging, stake point position selected with bury underground with open traverse identical, as D1 in Fig. 1 ... Dn selects for reality and buries tracerse point, open traverse is laid simple, flexible, the sighting condition chosen to greatest extent and observation condition, avoiding two-conductor line point in underground chamber to a great extent lays because the problem of difficulty is laid in the factor reconnaissance such as narrow space, construction interference, sighting condition, side-refraction influence, and alleviate the workload that stake point buries underground greatly, reduce the cost 50% of pile anchoring.
Step 2, as shown in Figure 2, drawing on laid open traverse schematic diagram, actually open traverse D1 is buried underground former ... in the side of Dn, industry builds a virtual open traverse XD1 ... XDn, D1 ... Dn and XD1 ... XDn one_to_one corresponding, virtual wires point forms a closed hoop with former actual burying underground together with open traverse by code requirement 4 ~ 6 points, forms virtual two-conductor line.
The virtual open traverse XD1 that interior industry builds ... XDn actual point position is exactly D1 ... Dn, can be assumed to be the paired reference mark of infinite approach, by technical solution of the present invention, reaches and both saves 50% pile anchoring cost, can be made up of again the object of two-conductor line enough points.
Step 3, the virtual two-conductor line strictly built by Fig. 2 Inner industry carries out field operation measurement, collects the tracerse survey field data such as qualified level angle, the wire length of side.
Choose field survey Specifications according to measuring and design in measurement of correlation specification, length of tunnel, hole etc. and measuring equipment carries out fieldwork observation, be illustrated with a pair point observation method of D2 and XD2 in Fig. 2, all the other survey stations are analogized.
Cleaning measurement point position measurement environment and the barrier measured in sight line, surveying instrument is erected on D2 survey station, measurement catoptron surveyor's beacon is set up on D1 and D3 and flattens centering by support personnel respectively, level tube direction when surveying instrument and the direction measured when catoptron surveyor's beacon writes down optical centering device centering separately and leveling, connect and measure catoptron surveyor's beacon houselights, D1 reading is sighted by facing left, face left and forward D3 clockwise to and sight reading, D3 reading is sighted on the reversing face dish right side, dish is right to be forwarded order that D1 sights reading counterclockwise to and completes a survey time and measure and recording level angle, the data such as the wire length of side, the rest may be inferred, complete the work of all the other survey time of D2 survey station, on record, the level angle come is measured in reflection is like this ∠ D1-D2-D3, namely be summit with D2, D1 forwards the horizontal sextant angle of D3 clockwise to.
Surveying instrument is all rotated 180 ° with direction when measurement catoptron surveyor's beacon optical centering device centering direction and level tube leveling and carries out again precise alignment leveling, namely the erection of XD2 survey station instrument is completed, then D3 reading is sighted by facing left, XD3 reading sighted by fine motion instrument of facing left, face left and forward XD1 clockwise to and sight reading, XD1 reading is sighted on the reversing face dish right side, the dish right side forwards XD3 counterclockwise to and sights reading, coil order that right fine motion instrument sights D3 reading to complete a survey time and measure and recording level angle, the data such as the wire length of side, the rest may be inferred, complete the work of all the other survey time of XD2 survey station, on record, the level angle come is measured in reflection is like this ∠ D3-XD2-XD3 and ∠ D3-XD2-XD1, namely be summit with XD2, D3 forwards the horizontal sextant angle of XD3 and XD1 clockwise to.
In Fig. 2, namely each line represents an observed ray, D3 and XD3 is called two points, and reality is same some position, but is undertaken independently sighting observation by two independent control points during observation; Side when carrying out industry network forming in virtual two-conductor line, XDn being all drawn in Dn is convenient to check, due to measuring error contingency, actual measured results XDn may be in random site around Dn, but this does not affect formation and the calculating of Controling network.
In observation process, traditional two-conductor line is measured, survey station at least 1 people operating instrument, front and back respectively need 2 people to set up measurement catoptron surveyor's beacon, measure the minimum needs of group 5 people for one, and because Dn and XDn is a some position in measurement scheme of the present invention, catoptron surveyor's beacon is measured in front and back erection respectively needs 1 people, and a measurement group only needs 3 people, therefore can save personnel cost about 40%, because Dn and XDn is a some position, when being changed to XDn survey station by Dn, surveying instrument and when measuring catoptron surveyor's beacon optical centering device centering direction and level tube leveling direction all rotate 180 ° and carry out again precise alignment and flattened erection, surveying instrument and to measure catoptron surveyor's beacon be all carry out on the slightly flat basis of Dn survey station, precise alignment leveling can be completed very fast, and measurement point position measurement environment is cleared up with the barrier measured in sight line, all are ready when Dn survey station for houselights etc., this step is compared with traditional double tracerse survey, can save for 30% ~ 50% even more preliminary work time depending on field environmental condition, Dn survey station and XDn survey station, surveying instrument and measure catoptron surveyor's beacon optical centering device centering direction and level tube leveling time direction all rotate 180 ° carry out again precise alignment leveling, measure left comer and right corner that level angle is respectively Dn, not only additionally increase a ∠ left side+∠ right side=360, ∠ D3-XD2-XD3=0 etc. and check condition, also because Dn and XDn is averaged use below, the measuring error that major part not exclusively causes because of equipment calibration can be offset, thus improve Traverse Accuracy.
Step 4, processes qualified field data, obtains each tracerse point coordinate results of virtual two-conductor line after rigorous adjustment.
Undertaken by traditional double wire data processing method during data processing, computation process all can be completed by corresponding software.
The calculating of length of side projection correction is carried out by formula 1.
In formula: △ S---some A to some B length of side shadow boundary value, unit m
H
aB---the Mean height plane of actual measurement length of side AB,
unit m;
H
m---coordinate system projecting plane, tunnel elevation, unit m;
R
m---reference ellipsoid at the mean radius of curvature of limit, ground AB mid point, unit m;
S
aB---some A surveys length of side value to point, unit m.
Y
m---some A, B are similar to horizontal ordinate mean value,
(should deduct in order to avoid the addition constant 500km of negative value appears in horizontal ordinate) herein, unit m; Y
a, Y
bbe respectively A, B horizontal ordinate.
Calculate virtual two-conductor line closed hoop mis-tie and coordinate mis-tie, as closed hoop K1-D1-D2-D3-XD2-XD1-K1, closed hoop XD2-D3-D4-D5-XD4-XD3-XD2, closed hoop XD4-D5-D6-Dn-XD6-XD5-XD4 etc., check whether the fieldwork observation quality of data meets code requirement, find rough error and mistake.
And press formula 2 according to mis-tie calculating mean square error of angle observation, whether the virtual two-conductor line mean square error of angle observation evaluation angle measurement accuracy according to calculating meets the corresponding precision specified in specification.
M in formula---virtual two-conductor line mean square error of angle observation (second);
F
β---the azimuth closure (second) of virtual two-conductor line ring angular error of closure or connecting traverse;
N---the number of virtual two-conductor line ring and connecting traverse;
N---calculate f
βtime corresponding survey station number.
Finally, adopt adjustment Software to carry out rigorous adjustment to the qualified data of measurement, obtain each tracerse point coordinate results of virtual two-conductor line, and precision after adjustment is evaluated, whether meet the corresponding precision specified in specification.
Above computing method, principle, technical indicator, software etc. are all identical with traditional double wire, need not carry out any input newly, the virtual two-conductor line measurement result of the present invention, have all features of traditional double wire.
Step 5, as shown in Figure 3, averages the virtual wires point coordinate of each open traverse point and correspondence thereof, as the final coordinate of this tracerse point.
The X-coordinate at reference mark Dn end is
y-coordinate is
Tradition open traverse calculates, because without any redundant observation composition adjustment condition, the corner data that wire achievement directly obtains by field operation measurement calculate and obtain each open traverse point coordinate achievement, any useful correction is not done to the angle containing error, length of side observed reading, acquired results precision is restricted naturally, traditional double wire is observed by great quantities of spare and is formed closure condition, rigorous adjustment calculating can be carried out according to measurement adjustment theory, make the angle containing error, length of side observed reading obtains the most useful correction, wire uses achievement after rigorous adjustment, and precision and reliability are improved significantly than all with open traverse, virtual two-conductor line provided by the invention not only can by traditional double traverse adjustment, obtain the result being equal to traditional double Traverse Accuracy, also because the empty tracerse point in pairs of virtual two-conductor line one real, inherently some position, same reference mark, due to inevitable measuring error in measuring process, originally the real empty tracerse point coordinate results overlapped is divided into two no longer overlap, average by the virtual wires point coordinate of step 5 by open traverse point and correspondence thereof and united two into one, traditional double wire basis improves again Traverse Accuracy and reliability, so the virtual two-conductor line Measurement results of the present invention is the equivalent open traverse even surmounted in traditional double Traverse Accuracy.
Claims (9)
1. a subterranean tunnel virtual two-conductor line control survey method, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
Step 1, lays an open traverse, number-mark;
Step 2, draw the open traverse schematic diagram that step 1 is laid, in the side of this actual open traverse buried underground, industry builds a virtual open traverse, the actual corresponding virtual wires point of each tracerse point burying open traverse underground, each virtual wires point all arranges numbering, form a closed hoop by code requirement together with the former actual open traverse buried underground, form virtual two-conductor line;
Step 3, the virtual two-conductor line strictly built by Inner industry carries out field operation measurement, collects tracerse survey field data;
Step 4, processes field data, obtains each tracerse point coordinate results of virtual two-conductor line after rigorous adjustment;
Step 5, averages the virtual wires point coordinate of each open traverse point and correspondence thereof, as the final coordinate of this tracerse point.
2. subterranean tunnel virtual two-conductor line control survey method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step (2), 4 ~ 6 points form a closed hoop, form virtual two-conductor line.
3. subterranean tunnel virtual two-conductor line control survey method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the virtual two-conductor line built in step 2, actual is a traditional open traverse, be the virtual two-conductor line of an empty reality in measuring process, carry out field data measurement by traditional two-conductor line net.
4. subterranean tunnel virtual two-conductor line control survey method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, step 3, when field data is measured, actual to the measurement of virtual wires point is measure open traverse point corresponding to each virtual wires point, and measurement Specifications, the measuring equipment selected all perform conventional wires measuring technique standard.
5. subterranean tunnel virtual two-conductor line control survey method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, step 3, traverse measurement data at least can realize the object of Traverse Survey.
6. subterranean tunnel virtual two-conductor line control survey method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, step 3, and it is one or more that traverse measurement data comprises in level angle, vertical angle and the wire length of side.
7. subterranean tunnel virtual two-conductor line control survey method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, step 3, when measuring virtual open traverse, surveying instrument is all rotated 180 ° with direction when measurement catoptron surveyor's beacon optical centering device centering direction and level tube leveling and carries out again precise alignment leveling, then measuring method carries out the data measuring virtual open traverse routinely.
8. subterranean tunnel virtual two-conductor line control survey method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, step 4, data processing is that the virtual two-conductor line data obtained by fieldwork observation carry out data prediction and/or detection of closure error by traditional double wire.
9. subterranean tunnel virtual two-conductor line control survey method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, step 4, adopts rigorous adjustment to process.
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