CN102523885A - Wide-mulching film, high-density spring corn-growing method - Google Patents
Wide-mulching film, high-density spring corn-growing method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wide-mulching film, high-density spring corn-growing method. The wide-mulching film, high-density spring corn-growing method is characterized in that: each corn-growing strip is 185cm to 190cm wide, corns are planted in wide and narrow rows in each strip, four rows of corns are planted under each film, a narrow row of corns is planted between two wide rows of corns in each strip, each wide row is 45cm to 55cm, each narrow row is 35cm to 45cm, each mulching film covers two wide rows and a middle narrow row, the edge of each mulching film is 5cm to 7cm away from the outmost wide row of corns, and the distance between each two neighboring strips is 30cm to 40cm. Compared with the conventional filming method, the method can reduce the useless evaporation of soil moisture to enhance the water-retaining effect, enhance the soil temperature increasing and preservation effect and the weed-killing effect, dispense with the intertillage weeding operation, decrease the labor intensity, accelerate the growth of corns and increase the growth accumulation speed as well as the yield, and therefore is highly significant for the guarantee of food security.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the wide overlay film high-density planting technology of a kind of spring corn, belong to agricultural technology field.
Background technology
Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is one of China corn main producing region, and the long-term sowing area of corn is more than 3,500 ten thousand mu, and gross output all occupies the 6th in the whole nation more than 14,000,000,000 kilograms, in guaranteeing national food safety, accounts for critical role.Traditional film-mulching technique is that the soil moisture conservation of extensive use in the not enough regional Maize Production that cools of arid and semi-arid district and accumulated temperature heats yield-increasing technology.
As shown in Figure 9, mostly traditional plastic mulching mode is 100cm broadband type, wide-narrow row planting; Wide capable 70cm, narrow row 30cm, mostly the mulch film of use is width 70cm; The controllability degradative plastic film that thickness is 0.008 millimeter covers in narrow row, i.e. film plantation two row; Area coverage is about 40%, open country area about 60%.With the loose overlay film high-density planting of corn compared with techniques, traditional plastic mulching mode soil insulating power is poor, can not utilize water resource to greatest extent.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is that the deficiency that is directed against prior art provides the loose overlay film high-density planting of a kind of corn method.
The loose overlay film high-density planting of corn method: it is characterized in that corn planting belt molded breadth degree is 185-190cm, adopt wide-narrow row planting in the banding pattern, every film plantation 4 row; In each banding pattern two line width interlines delegation's narrow rows at interval; Wide capable 45-55cm, narrow row 35-45cm, mulch film overlay on delegation's narrow row of two line width row and centre; The corn 5-7cm of outermost delegation in the wide row of mulch film Edge Distance, between the adjacent banding pattern at a distance of 30-40cm.
In a preferred implementation of the present invention, mulch film ditch furrower is ditched about the degree of depth 12-17cm during overlay film.
In a preferred implementation of the present invention, adopt the loose film planter of corn, level land, fertilising, trench digging, overlay film, sowing, earthing are once accomplished.
In a preferred implementation of the present invention, the optimal cultivation of method of the present invention area is Hetao Plain irrigated area, the Inner Mongol, the silent river of soil Plain Irrigation District, western Liaohe River Basin or ecological condition phase near field.
In a preferred implementation of the present invention, the 5000-6000 strain is counted in middle every mu of strain of small ear type kind of short stem; The 4500-5500 strain is counted in every mu of strain of high stalk large-spike cultivar.
In a preferred implementation of the present invention, adopt 190cm banding pattern (banding pattern is the required amplitude of each film), each banding pattern lining endothelium 152cm, open country 38cm, every film plantation 4 row adopt wide-narrow row planting, wide capable 50cm, narrow row 40cm in the banding pattern.Each banding pattern is two line width interlines delegation's narrow row (see figure 10)s at interval.Look concrete the Suitable Density of cultivar and confirm spacing in the rows, the 5000-6000 strain is counted in middle every mu of theoretical strain of small ear type kind of short stem; The 4500-5500 strain is counted in every mu of theoretical strain of high stalk large-spike cultivar.Common spacing in the rows is following three kinds in the production: spacing in the rows is 23.33cm, and mu stays seedling 6017 strains; Spacing in the rows 26.67cm, mu stays seedling 5262 strains; Spacing in the rows is 30cm, and mu stays seedling 4677 strains.
The loose overlay film high-density planting of corn technology proposes to the above-mentioned deficiency of traditional film mulching method just; Its core technology at first is to change the conventional 70cm mulch film that uses to cover as the wide film of 170cm; Area coverage is increased to 80% by 40% of routine, makes the open country area be reduced to 20% by 60% of routine; Change a conventional film and plant two behaviors, one film plantation four lines.Can reduce the invalid evaporation of soil moisture on the one hand to greatest extent, make underground water focus on the corn root layer, satisfying corn growth needs water; Can improve ground temperature on the other hand, increase heat-insulating property, effective accumulated temperature is increased, make the corn premature ripening, alleviate the harm of early frost, simultaneously favourable middle-late ripening variety performance yield potential.
Secondly; The loose overlay film high-density planting of corn technology efficiently solves the problem that density does not increase in the cropping pattern in the past; Change a conventional film and plant two behaviors, one film four lines; Kind changes the kind of suitable dense planting into by original low-density kind, and maize planting density is brought up to the 4500-6000 strain by every mu of 3300-4000 strain.Through rational water and fertilizer management of middle and later periods, realized the target that relies on community superiority to strive for high yield.
The 3rd, in the loose overlay film high-density planting of the corn technology, the plastic mulching area brings up to 80% by original about 40%, has improved the effect of killing weeds, removes the intertill and clean tillage operation from, has reduced labour intensity.
Description of drawings
The different film mulching method soil temperature of Fig. 1 are (6: 00) relatively;
The different film mulching method soil temperature of Fig. 2 are (8: 00) relatively;
The different film mulching method soil temperature of Fig. 3 are (10: 00) relatively;
The different film mulching method soil temperature of Fig. 4 are (12: 30) relatively;
The different film mulching method soil temperature of Fig. 5 are (14: 00) relatively;
The different film mulching method soil temperature of Fig. 6 are (16: 00) relatively;
The different film mulching method soil temperature of Fig. 7 are (18: 00) relatively;
The different film mulching method soil temperature of Fig. 8 are (20: 00) relatively;
Fig. 9 tradition row is gone up the plastic-film-covered cultivation technology;
The wide overlay film high-density planting technology of Figure 10 the present invention sketch map.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is elaborated.
The wide overlay film high-density planting technology of spring corn:
1, meticulous whole ground
The selection physical features is smooth, the soil that soil layer is deep, and autumn subsoiling 20～30cm in conjunction with the autumn subsoiling, executes high-quality fertilizer 3000kg for every mu, ploughs deeply back rake a kind of farm tools (drag) in time, levels land, and the root stubble that weeds a garden is accomplished the embanked field.
Late November, before soil is freeze-up, carry out winter irrigation, mu irrigation quantity 80-100m
3March in next year early and middle ten days, the phase is insulted on the top that soil freezes night in daytime, to winter irrigation ground to harrow immediately, a kind of farm tools preserves soil moisture (drag), makes the topsoil soils water content remain on more than 70% of field capacity.And reach that the ridge is straight, Horizon, stubble be clean, topsoil is defincienct in the upper and excessive in the lower, is that sowing date for early sowing is created good soil condition.
2, select breeding for use
Select the compact suitable dense planting of plant type, disease-resistant anti-for use, yield potential is big, than the long 8-15 days breeding time of local outdoor cropping kind, or the many 200-300 of accumulated temperature ℃, the kind of many 1-2 of number of blade sheet.And late coming is strong, not early ageing.Like interior list 314, Zheng Dan 958, all can in beautiful 335, Kingsoft 27 etc. earlier.Buy seed and note seed quality, require seed purity more than 97%, cleanliness is more than 98%, and germination rate is more than 95%, and process kind of a clothing agent Cotton seeds.
3, deep placement base fertilizer
In conjunction with autumn ploughing or whole ground of spring, with every mu of 20～30kg of diammonium phosphate, urea 5～10kg, potassium sulphate 20～25kg, after the interim fully mixing of zinc sulphate 0.5～1kg, deep placement is on deep subsoil or corn belt.
4, sowing date for early sowing
Plastic mulching can improve ground temperature, and general comparable local open country corn is done sth. in advance the 7-10d sowing, and Plain Irrigation District 15-20 order in suitable April in sowing time in the Inner Mongol is advisable.
5, chemical weed control
For reducing weeds to the injury of mulch film with strive water with crop and strive fertilizer, must carry out chemical weed control before the overlay film.Produce at present and go up medicament and method commonly used and be: with converting water 50kg after 75g atrazine and the mixing of 75g drag-line, evenly spread, must guard against and Lou spray and respray.Also available corn herbicides special, but must be with reference to the strict control of explanation consumption.
6, tool covers mulch sowing
Adopt the loose film planter of corn, level land, trench digging, fertilising, overlay film, sowing, earthing are once accomplished, the 190cm banding pattern; Adopting wide-narrow row planting in the banding pattern, is two line width interlines delegation's narrow rows at interval in each banding pattern, wide capable 50cm; Narrow row 40cm, mulch film overlay on delegation's narrow row of two line width row and centre, promptly every film plantation 4 row; The corn 6cm of outermost delegation in the wide row of mulch film Edge Distance, between the adjacent banding pattern at a distance of 38cm.2～3 in every cave, seed level 4～5cm guarantees that seedling is complete, seedling even.About mulch film ditch furrower trench digging degree of depth 15cm, trench digging soil is turned up to mulch film during overlay film, face is arch behind the overlay film like this, is beneficial to the soil moisture conservation of collection rain.
If the one-stop operation of the loose film planter of no corn can adopt the program of sowing behind the first overlay film to implement manual work.Carry out machinery or artificial overlay film earlier, the wide 152cm of face, intermembranous apart from 38cm, for preventing that spring, strong wind was taken off film, whenever add a firming band at a distance from 2～3m.After overlay film finishes, with the artificial program request of hand-held duckbilled dibbler, every film 4 row, two line width interlines are delegation's narrow row at interval, 2～3 in every cave, seed level 4～5cm guarantees that seedling is complete, seedling even.
7, rational close planting
Look concrete the Suitable Density of cultivar and confirm spacing in the rows, middle several 5000～6000 strains of every mu of theoretical strain of small ear type kind of short stem; Several 4500～5500 strains of every mu of theoretical strain of high stalk large-spike cultivar.Common spacing in the rows is following three kinds in the production: spacing in the rows is 23.33cm, and mu stays seedling 6017 strains; Spacing in the rows 26.67cm, mu stays seedling 5262; Spacing in the rows is 30cm, and mu stays seedling 4677 strains.
8, field management
(1) in time look into seedling after the seedling management emergence of corn, fill the gaps with seedlings.Vernalization is reseeded or is transplanted seedlings to mend and plant, or two strains are stayed in adjacent cave during final singling.The 2-3 sheet leaf duration of run of emerging seedling removes weak seedling, self-crossing seedling.When seedling reaches 3-4 sheet expansion leaf, get final product final singling, stay even seedling, strong sprout.In conjunction with between the shallow intertillage of final singling, promote root system development.
(2) fringe period management overlay film corn growth is vigorous, and the normal branch evil that takes place consumes nutrient, in time remove.Corn launches the toy trumpet mouth phase of 8～10 leaves, and in the ranks ditching at corn imposes urea 10～15kg, waters after the fertilising and attacks stalk water.When corn launches typhon mouth phase of 12～13 leaves, can adopt machinery or manual work to throw off mulch film, receive rainwater to hold; For striving for big panicle many grains per panicle, but this phase heavy dressing ear manuer, and every mu imposes urea 15～20kg, waters booting water after executing.
July, the early and middle ten days corn borer endangered, the spirit of the snout moth's larva extremely granule with 30%, every strain dispensing 0.2g control.Or,, divide the family to implement by the organization of unity of plant protection department with high-pressure sodium lamp, trichogramma control.
(3) after a flower grain period management corn reels off raw silk from cocoons, take off fertile early ageing for preventing overlay film corn anaphase blade, every mu with 1kg urea and 0.15kg potassium dihydrogen phosphate, converts water 30-40kg, fine afternoon foliage spray, and anti-leaf early ageing improves grain and weighs.
9, results
When the disappearance of corn kernel milk-line, the bract flavescence after the black layer of seed occurs, has reached physiological ripening, can gather in the crops in good time.
Embodiment 2
According to the wide overlay film high-density planting of the spring corn of embodiment 1 technology, carried out the mensuration and the determination of yield of growth indexes in 2011 in the different small towns in Baya ur, NeiMengGu city.
(1) output
Survey to produce the result: minimum output is 860 kilograms/mu, than 172 kilograms of the traditional film mulching method raising the output in locality, and rate of growth 25%, high yield is 1250.3 kilograms/mu.
The different overlay films of table 1 are handled the corn yield index relatively
Seven demonstration pilot project average yield per mus are 1047.52 kilograms, contrast 135.18 kilograms of 912.34 kilograms of raising the output, and rate of growth is 14.8%.By 2.4 yuan/kilogram of procurement prices in this year, mu increases income 324.43 yuan, 19.5 yuan of 1.5 kilograms of mulch film expenses that deduction is used than conventional overlay film more, and it is 304.93 yuan (seeing table 1) that mu increases benefit.
At long-term chilling injury in spring in this year; Late July is to high temperature and drought mid-August; Early under the extreme unfavourable weather condition of frost 13 days in advance (meaning that 13 days in advance pustulation period finished), the loose overlay film high-density planting of corn technology has demonstrated significant advantage than conventional plastic-film-covered cultivation.This technology has also received the demonstration area vast farmers masses' generally approval and welcome.
(2) amount of growth
See that from table 2 investigation the above and below ground part amount of growth that wide overlay film is handled is compared with contrast, all reaches utmost point significance level.
1, plant height: the highly dense average plant height of wide film is 106.36 centimetres, contrasts 78.05 centimetres high 28.31 centimetres.
2, strain heavy (acrial part): the highly dense average strain of wide film heavily is 235.22 grams, contrasts high 118.72 grams of 116.5 grams.
3, stem is thick: the highly dense average stem of wide film slightly is 9.2 centimetres, contrasts 7.5 centimetres high 1.7 centimetres.
4, the number of sheets: the highly dense mean number of sheets of wide film is 11.5 leaves, and contrast is 9 leaves, average many 2.5 leaves.
5, leaf area: the highly dense average leaf area of wide film is 3113.56 square centimeters, contrasts 1909.14 square centimeters high 1204.42 square centimeters.
6, root is long: the highly dense average root length of wide film is 23.3 centimetres, contrasts 15 centimetres high 8.3 centimetres.
7, root is heavy: the highly dense average root of wide film heavily is 34.7 grams, contrasts high 19.6 grams of 15.1 grams.
The different overlay films of table 2 are handled corn growth gesture index June 15
(3) the loose overlay film high-density planting technology of corn increasing yield
1, water conservation
Visible by table 3, it is higher than conventional overlay film to record the wide overlay film of the following 0-20 of mulch film centimetre soil moisture content on June 18, and wherein 0-10 centimetre of water content is high by 3.4%, and 10-20 centimetre of water content is high by 1.2%; And the wide overlay film of the water content of 20-80 cm layer of soil is lower than conventional overlay film water content, wherein 20-40 centimetre low 0.3%, and 40-60 centimetre low 1.07%, 60-80 centimetre low 3.48%;
It is higher than conventional overlay film to record the wide overlay film of the following 0-20 of mulch film centimetre soil moisture content on July 9, and wherein 0-10 centimetre of water content is high by 0.52%, and 10-20 centimetre of water content is high by 1.17%; And 20-80 centimetre soil moisture in layer to have occurred wide overlay film equally lower than conventional overlay film, wherein 20-40 centimetre of water content is low by 0.16%, 40-60 centimetre low 7.58%, 60-80 centimetre low 1.04%.
This shows, the one, the more conventional overlay film of wide overlay film soil water evaporation amount is few, has kept corn root layer moisture, helps corn to absorption of water; The 2nd, wide overlay film reduces than conventional overlay film field inflow under equal irrigation period, and the soil water absorption reduces.Because the moisture moving law the wide overlay film of upper strata moisture occurs more than conventional overlay film, lower floor's moisture is lower than conventional overlay film.Need further research:, just show that wide overlay film economizes on water than conventional overlay film if upper strata moisture can satisfy the corn growth demand; Need water if can not satisfy corn, just needing increases irrigation quantity, further improves the corn yield increasing potentiality.
The different film mulching method soil moisture contents of table 3
2, heat, be incubated
(1) different film mulching method soil temperatures relatively
June 17, select eight time points such as 6 o'clock, 8 o'clock, 10 o'clock, 12: 30,14 points, 16 points, and respectively at 18 at 20, three kinds of film mulching method different soil temperature such as no film, traditional overlay film (narrow film), wide film are measured, see Fig. 1-Fig. 8.
Visible by Fig. 1-Fig. 8, on 8 time points, soil is wide film＞conventional overlay film (70 centimetres of mulch films)＞not overlay film 7 different topsoil temperature trend of 5-50 centimetre.Wherein, in 5 centimeters, the maximum temperature of wide film appears at 14 points, is 42.3 ℃; The maximum temperature of narrow film appears at 16 points, is 40.8 ℃, and the narrower film of wide film is high 1.5 ℃.Therefore, for 5 centimetres of topsoils, the soil temperature raising speed that wide film covers all is superior to narrow film and no film with the ability that heats.
(2) different film mulching method accumulated temperature relatively
Can know by table 4,6 soil layers of 5-50 centimetre, the accumulated temperature gap on 6:00,8:00,10:00,12:30,14:00,16:00,18:00, these 8 time points of 20:00 is remarkable, and basic trend is the overlay film of wide overlay film＞conventional overlay film＞not.
The comparison of the different overlay films processing of table 4 soil accumulated temperature (℃) August 7
The narrower film of the soil temperature that wherein wide film covers is high 5.3 ℃ respectively, 5 ℃, 4.7 ℃, 3.2 ℃, 2.8 ℃, 1.4 ℃, 3.7 ℃ of mean heights; The soil temperature that wide film covers is higher 3.8 ℃ respectively than overlay film not, 7.15 ℃, 6.25 ℃, 3.6 ℃, 2.9 ℃, 1.5 ℃, 4.2 ℃ of mean heights.In one day, activity and root system that soil accumulated temperature is high more to be beneficial to edaphon more are to nutrient absorbing.Therefore, the corn of wide film mulching plant will obviously be better than narrow film plantation in this section growing way in period.
(3) the different film mulching method temperature difference relatively
The soil temperature difference is to embody the important indicator of soil insulating power, and the temperature difference is more little, and the insulating power of soil is strong more.Table 5 data show be 8 with 19 the temperature difference, by on can know, in 4 soil layers of 5-30 centimetre :-4.9 ℃ ,-4.9 ℃ ,-2.4 ℃ ,-0.7 ℃ respectively of the wide overlay film soil temperature difference, average out to-3.23 ℃; The soil temperature difference that narrow film covers is respectively-5.7 ℃ ,-5 ℃ ,-2.5 ℃ ,-0.8 ℃, average out to-3.5 ℃; Low 0.8 ℃, 0.1 ℃, 0.1 ℃, 0.1 ℃ respectively of the soil temperature difference of the narrower film of wide cut, 0.28 ℃ of average out to.Above data declaration is for the corn topsoil, and the insulating power of wide overlay film will significantly be better than narrow film and cover.
The table 5 different film mulching method soil 8:00 and the 19:00 temperature difference be September 18 relatively
Comprehensive three kinds of temperature analysis, wide overlay film for the heating of soil, insulating power all is superior to narrow film and do not have film.
Should be understood that, concerning those of ordinary skills, can improve or conversion, and all these improvement and conversion all should belong to the protection domain of accompanying claims of the present invention according to above-mentioned explanation.
Claims (5)
1. the wide overlay film high-density planting of a spring corn method is characterized in that corn planting belt molded breadth degree is 185-190cm, adopts wide-narrow row planting in the banding pattern; Every film plantation 4 row are two line width interlines delegation's narrow rows at interval in each banding pattern, wide capable 45-55cm; Narrow row 35-45cm, mulch film overlay on delegation's narrow row of two line width row and centre, the corn 5-7cm of outermost delegation in the wide row of mulch film Edge Distance; At a distance of 30-40cm, 4 distances between rows and hills are adjustable separately between the adjacent banding pattern.
2. the wide overlay film high-density planting of spring corn according to claim 1 method is about the trench digging degree of depth 12-17cm when it is characterized in that overlay film.
3. the wide overlay film high-density planting of spring corn according to claim 1 method is characterized in that adopting the loose film planter of corn, and level land, fertilising, overlay film, sowing and earthing are once accomplished.
4. the wide overlay film high-density planting of spring corn according to claim 1 method is characterized in that the cultivation area is Hetao Plain irrigated area, the Inner Mongol, the silent river of soil Plain Irrigation District, two Liaohe River Basins or ecological condition phase near field.
5. according to any wide overlay film high-density planting of the described spring corn method of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that of short stem in every mu of strain of small ear type kind count the 5000-6000 strain; The 4500-5500 strain is counted in every mu of strain of high stalk large-spike cultivar.
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| CN103988679A (en) * | 2014-05-20 | 2014-08-20 | 榆林市土壤肥料工作站 | Cultivation method for increasing yield of silting soil spring maize |
| CN104303758A (en) * | 2014-09-30 | 2015-01-28 | 广西博白县琼达农业科技有限公司 | Corn planting method |
| CN105103852A (en) * | 2015-08-03 | 2015-12-02 | 丹东农业科学院 | Four-row to one-blank sparse-dense dense-sparse planting method for corn |
| CN109460633A (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2019-03-12 | 中水东北勘测设计研究有限责任公司 | The frozen soil spring, which melts, alleviates spring drought number of days quantitative approach |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103988679A (en) * | 2014-05-20 | 2014-08-20 | 榆林市土壤肥料工作站 | Cultivation method for increasing yield of silting soil spring maize |
| CN104303758A (en) * | 2014-09-30 | 2015-01-28 | 广西博白县琼达农业科技有限公司 | Corn planting method |
| CN105103852A (en) * | 2015-08-03 | 2015-12-02 | 丹东农业科学院 | Four-row to one-blank sparse-dense dense-sparse planting method for corn |
| CN109460633A (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2019-03-12 | 中水东北勘测设计研究有限责任公司 | The frozen soil spring, which melts, alleviates spring drought number of days quantitative approach |
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