CN102511424A - Artificial eel propagation method - Google Patents
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention relates to an artificial eel propagation method, which includes: a, ripening parent fishes, breeding catadromous parent reels for seven days, gradually increasing salinity of water, and subjecting the parent eels to back intramuscular injection of ripening agent-carp pituitary gland homogenate and HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin); b, performing induced spawning of the parent eels, subjecting female eels to injection of oxytocin 17 alpha-hydroxyl progesterone and HCG, subjecting sperm-producing male eels to injection of mixture of CPE (carp pituitary extract) with HCG, collecting naturally spawned fertilized eggs on the next day, and subjecting the female eels laying no eggs to semi-dry artificial insemination; and c, hatching the fertilized eggs, immediately transferring the fertilized eggs to a special-made hatching barrel for hatching, and slightly aerating, changing half of water every four hours until fry are hatched successfully. The artificial eel propagation method has the advantages that anesthetic loss and operational injury can be prevented, injection dosage of hormones is reduced, a great amount of eels can mate and lay eggs naturally under artificial induced spawning, artificial insemination can be complete securely in a planned way, level of high-quality fertilized eggs and alevin of eels artificially propagated is increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for the artificial propagation of a kind of river eel, specifically, is river eel under the artificial hormone regulation and control, obtains sexually matured female eel and male eel, obtains the method for a large amount of river eel fertilized eggs and early stage seedling through artificial insemination and natural mating.
Background technology
River eel, the formal name used at school Japanese eel (
Anguilla japonica), be one of most important migration fishes in Asia, experience several metamorphosis process is grown in fresh water, is fattened in the history of life, in the ocean, lays eggs, breeds.River eel is cultured required seed and relies on natural fishing for fully at present.China has experienced by the outlet of the eel fry fishing of the seventies in last century, and the beginning of the nineties, the part common eel relied on import, to the end of the nineties entrance of Changjiang River catch the process of seedling difficulty.Because the destruction of ecological resources, the continuous deterioration of environment and the overfishing of glass eel cause eel seedling resource to descend year by year, the resource exhaustion of eel seedling, and eel seedling price is ascended to heaven, and 2010 to 2011, price even reach 16-20 unit/tail.And the common eel breed is one of principal item of China's foreign exchange earning.The shortage of common eel seed has limited further developing of common eel aquaculture greatly, and it is imperative to carry out the research of common eel artificial propagation techniques.
The river eel artificial propagation cycle is quite very long, reaches 3-6 month.Exist male and female in the artificial propagation process and grow asynchronously, the efficient of hastening parturition is poor, and fertilization rate is low, and hatching is unstable, and open-mouthed bait such as can't solve at problem.And the understanding of the ecological condition of breeding naturally in its ocean of long-term lacking understanding, the artificial propagation of river eel becomes generally acknowledged world-famous puzzle.Japanese aquatic products comprehensive rearch centre was after reaching 40 years of researches in 2010; The whole artificial propagation of river eel has been accomplished in declaration, but spawning rate in the reproductive process, fertilization rate; Incubation rate; Survival rate is extremely low, and expensive input (about 1,000,000 yen of the every tail of seedling), and the operating condition of experimentization has satisfied not requirements of large-scale production far away.Obtain the smart ovum of common eel of a large amount of high-qualitys, obtains higher fertilization rate and incubation rate, become the matter of utmost importance that the real whole artificial propagation of realizing common eel must solve.
In last century 70, the eighties, China just begins the research of river eel artificial propagation.The Zhao Changchun etc. of Xiamen Aquatic Production College (existing Shanghai Ocean University) has at first taken the artificial seedling of river eel at home, and supports 22-23 days.It is so far domestic that nobody breaks this record.The Seventh Five-Year Plan and being responsible for by Shanghai Aquatic Products Univ. 9CN) (existing Shanghai Ocean University) as the state key problem during the State's Eighth Five-Year Plan period afterwards; Associating Hebei Provincial Aquatic Products Research Institute, Zhujiang River aquatic products research institute of institute of water section, water Ke Yuan South Sea aquatic products research institute, Fudan University, Zhejiang Prov. Inst. of Marine Products, institute of oceanography, the Chinese Academy of Sciences South Sea etc. have carried out the research of river eel artificial breeding technique, have obtained remarkable progress.
Chinese patent document CN101461334B discloses a kind of method that obtains normal mature sperm of eel; It is characterized in that the common eel parent cultures and to carry out salinity domestication later in 15 days propagating the environmental condition under shed back of ingesting artificially, salinity domestication progressively carries out the transition to seawater by low concentration; The temperature control of common eel culturing pool is between 18-25 ℃, and moonlight is seen in full shading on daytime night; Carry out stimulation by running water evening, dissolved oxygen in water remains on more than the 6mg/l, alkalescent water; Ammonia, nitrogen content are no more than 0.02mg/l and 0.05mg/l, and male row naturally is smart for common eel, obtains ripe eupyrene sperm.Chinese patent document CN102232363A discloses the method that a kind of artificial induction spends the common eel gonadal maturation, and the male flower common eel adopts intramuscular injection HCG to accelerate the ripening, and dosage is the 500U/kg body weight, injects once weekly, and be 6 weeks inject time; The instaminate flower common eel is adopted intramuscular injection LHRH-A
2LHRH-A is accelerated the ripening in homogenate with carp brain hypophysis (CPE)
2Dosage is 250 μ g/kg body weight, and the dosage of CPE is 4/kg body weight, injects once frequency injection 15-18 time in every 7-9 days.But under the artificial hormone regulation and control, obtain ripe female eel and male eel about river eel, the method that obtains a large amount of river eel fertilized eggs and early stage seedling through artificial insemination and natural mating is not also appeared in the newspapers at present.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is provides the artificial fecundation method of a kind of river eel to deficiency of the prior art.
For realizing above-mentioned purpose; The technical scheme that the present invention takes is: the artificial fecundation method of a kind of river eel; Through regular injection carp brain hypophysis homogenate and HCG, impel parent population to reach sexual maturity, and through natural spawning or artificial insemination; Obtain fertilized egg and newly hatched larvae, described artificial fecundation method comprises following three steps:
A, parent population are accelerated the ripening: falling of will collecting introduced the natural sea-water of sedimentation and filtration, salinity 17 ‰ after Haihe River eel parent raises and train 7 days; With artificial sea salt allotment, make the pond salinity water rise to 20 ‰ gradually, every afterwards two weeks is one-period; Salinity raises 3-4 ‰, rises to 30-35 ‰ up to salinity; According to fish body body weight, parent population muscle of back injection ripener carp brain hypophysis homogenate mixing HCG injects once weekly, and milter begins after raun injected for two weeks, and dosage reduces by half; Female eel when water temperature reaches 20 ± 0.5 ℃, stops injection behind injection 5-7 pin; Milter continues the injection ripener, pushes the abdomen examination gonopore in second day after the per injection and collects sperm;
B, parent population are hastened parturition: female last pin ripener of eel injection, and injection ocyodinic 17 Alpha-hydroxy progesterone mixing HCG behind the 24h, and select and can produce smart male eel, inject a pin ripener; Morning on next day, the fertilized egg of collecting natural spawning; The female eel that do not lay eggs carries out semi-dry process artificial insemination;
C, incubating oosperm: the fertilized egg that obtains is transported in the hatching pail immediately hatches; Aeration guarantees that dissolved oxygen is sufficient, and forming fine bourn, to drive the ovum agglomerate tabling moving; Changed half water body in per four hours, until successfully hatching fry.
Described ripener is the HCG of the carp brain hypophysis homogenate mixing 150IU/500g body weight of 0.5mg/500g body weight, and ocyodinic is the HCG of 17 Alpha-hydroxy progesterone mixing 150IU/500g body weight of 5mg/500g body weight.
Envirment factor is salinity 17-30 ‰ among the described step a, 16 ℃-24 ℃ of water temperatures, and pH 7.5-8.2, dissolved oxygen 4-15mg/L, input density is 50 tails/pond, male and female are separately.
Described step b envirment factor is salinity 30-35 ‰, water temperature 19.5-22.5 ℃, and pH 7.0-8.0, dissolved oxygen 5-15mg/L throws in density 12 tails/pond, female-male proportion 1:3.
Envirment factor is salinity 33 ± 0.5 ‰ among the described step c, water temperature 21 ± 0.5, and pH 7.2-7.5, more than the dissolved oxygen 6mg/L, ammonia, nitrogen content are no more than 0.02mg/L and 0.05mg/L, Ca respectively
2+, Mg
2+The mass concentration scope is respectively 325-330 mg/L, 1160-1165 mg/L.
Described hatching density is 600-800 grain/L.
Haihe River eel parent that falls that will collect among the described step a puts into the pond of taking the puggaree booth, sunshade enrobe off the net at the bottom of the pond.
The invention has the advantages that:
1, outstanding feature of the present invention is under artificial repening river eel condition, raises and train salinity domestication through adaptability; The regulation and administration of artificial water quality; Can prevent anaesthetic and operation damage, reduce injection of hormone dosage, make female eel rely on the reproduction mechanism of self having transferred to reach the final stage of the development of ovary in the later stage; Through artificial induced spawning, a large amount of river eel can lay eggs in natural mating;
2, female eel chooser before the optimization artificial insemination utilizes the female eel that has had the behavior of laying eggs, the planned safe completion artificial insemination of ability;
3, the strict control environment of hatching factor can obtain just incubating seedling in a large number, improved the level that the artificial propagation river eel obtains high quality fertilized egg of scophthatmus and hatched fry.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment embodiment provided by the invention is elaborated.
Embodiment 1 parent population is accelerated the ripening
Envirment factor: salinity 17-30 ‰, 16 ℃-24 ℃ of water temperatures, pH 7.5-8.2, dissolved oxygen 4-15mg/L, input density is 50 tails/pond, male and female are separately.
Haihe River eel parent that falls to receiving carries out the laundering period domestication.Haihe River eel parent that falls who collects is put into the cement pit of taking half of puggaree booth (10m * 3m * 1.2m); Raise and train adapted to artificial environment in 7 days after, introduce the natural sea-water (17 ‰) of sedimentation and filtration, allocate with artificial sea salt; Make the pond salinity water rise to 20 ‰ gradually; Every afterwards two weeks is one-period, and salinity raises 3-4 ‰, rises to 30-35 ‰ up to salinity.The sunshade coverings such as tile, PVR pipe that add off the net at the bottom of the pond, daytime, the macrura reevesii body was hided in covering, can not have sunshade regional activity off the net evening, reached the lucifuge on daytime, the effect of see you tonight moonlight.
The processing and utilizing of wherein accelerating the ripening river eel build and photophobia characteristic; When being accelerated the ripening the processing operation, the fish body, uses artificial parent's network control system (controlling net), weighing fish body body weight referring to one Chinese patent application CN201733718U artificial propagation of fish parent without anaesthetic; Parent population muscle of back injection ripener; Described ripener is that carp brain hypophysis homogenate (CPE) (0.5mg/500g body weight, i.e. 0.5mg/500gBW) mixes HCG (150IU/500gBW), and injection once weekly; Milter begins after raun injected for two weeks, and dosage reduces by half.Female eel when water temperature reaches 20 ± 0.5 ℃, stops injection behind injection 5-7 pin.The female eel that has germinated utilizes the genital regulating of self, through reaching last water of gonad development and effect stage 1-2 week.This moment, milter continued the injection ripener, pushed the abdomen examination gonopore in second day after the per injection and collected sperm.
Embodiment 2 parent populations are hastened parturition
Envirment factor: salinity 30-35 ‰, water temperature 19.5-22.5 ℃, pH 7.0-8.0, dissolved oxygen 5-15mg/L throws in density 12 tails/pond, female-male proportion 1:3.
2-3 is after week, and the female eel that has germinated utilizes the genital regulating of self, reaches last water of the development of ovary and effect stage.Gonopore state (projection and a little redness) according to female eel; Abdominal circumference intensity of variation (an amount of become greatly but do not expand); Select the fish body; Female eel was injected last pin ripener in the first day morning, and the injection pin of hastening parturition behind the 24h, ocyodinic are that 17 Alpha-hydroxy progesterone (OHP) (5mg/500gBW) mix HCG (150IU/500gBW).And select and can produce smart male eel, inject a pin CPE (0.5mg/500gBW) and mix HCG (150IU/500gBW).Pond, density 12 tails/pond, female-male proportion 1:3 are gone in the back input of hastening parturition.
Wherein the natural spawning part at 3-4 point in morning on next day, is observed the male and female common eel that water surface is chased., the male and female common eel collects fertilized egg after accomplishing natural mating with 100 order yarn thin,tough silk.
Wherein artificial insemination part is fished for because milter does not chase or the effect time difference, and the female eel that do not lay eggs that moves about in water surface for a long time carries out semi-dry process artificial insemination after fishing for.
Embodiment 3 incubating oosperms
Envirment factor: strict control salinity 33 ± 0.5 ‰, water temperature 21 ± 0.5, pH 7.2-7.5, more than the dissolved oxygen 6mg/L, ammonia, nitrogen content are no more than 0.02mg/L and 0.05mg/L, Ca
2+, Mg
2+The mass concentration scope is 325～330 mg/L, 1160～1165 mg/L.
The fertilized egg that obtains is transported in the circular awl of the special 50L hatching pail at the end immediately hatches.A small amount of aeration guarantees that dissolved oxygen is sufficient, and forming fine bourn, to drive the ovum agglomerate tabling moving.Hatching density: 600-800 grain/L.Water is changed in siphon from the bottom, changes half water body in per four hours, and 36-38h is successfully hatched fry.
Embodiment 4 river eel artificial fecundation methods
Annual mid or late November will collect falls Haihe River eel parent and puts into the cement pit of taking half of puggaree booth (10m * 3m * 1.2m); Raise and train adapted to artificial environment in 7 days after, introduce the natural sea-water (17 ‰) of sedimentation and filtration, allocate with artificial sea salt; Make the pond salinity water rise to 20 ‰ gradually; Every afterwards two weeks is one-period, and salinity raises 3-4 ‰, and salinity water rises to 30-35 ‰ up to the pond.The sunshade coverings such as tile, PVR pipe that add off the net at the bottom of the pond, daytime, the macrura reevesii body was hided in covering, can not have sunshade regional activity off the net evening, reached the lucifuge on daytime, the effect of see you tonight moonlight.Water salinity 17-30 ‰ therebetween, 16 ℃-24 ℃ of water temperatures, and pH 7.5-8.2, dissolved oxygen 4-15mg/L, input density is 50 tails/pond, male and female are separately.
Artificial parent's network control system, weighing fish body body weight, parent population muscle of back injection CPE (0.5mg/500g)+HCG (150IU/500g) injects once weekly, and milter begins after raun injected for two weeks, and dosage reduces by half.Female eel when water temperature reaches 20 ± 0.5 ℃, stops injection behind injection 5-7 pin.This moment, milter continued to inject the pin that accelerates the ripening, and pushed the abdomen examination gonopore in second day after the per injection and collected sperm.
2-3 is after week, and the female eel that has germinated utilizes the genital regulating of self, reaches last water of the development of ovary and effect stage.Gonopore state (projection and a little redness) according to female eel; Abdominal circumference intensity of variation (an amount of become greatly but do not expand); Select the fish body, female eel was injected last pin pin that accelerates the ripening in the first day morning, and the injection pin OHP (5mg/500gBW) that hastens parturition mixes HCG (150IU/500gBW) behind the 24h.And select and can produce smart male eel, inject a pin CPE (0.5mg/500g)+HCG (150IU/500g).Pond, density 12 tails/pond, female-male proportion 1:3 are gone in the back input of hastening parturition.At 3-4 point in morning on next day, observe the male and female common eel that water surface is chased., the male and female common eel collects fertilized egg after accomplishing natural mating with 100 order yarn thin,tough silk.The female eel that do not lay eggs that wherein moves about in water surface for a long time carries out semi-dry process artificial insemination after fishing for.
The fertilized egg that obtains is transported in the circular awl of the special 50L hatching pail at the end immediately hatches.Strict control salinity 33 ± 0.5 ‰, water temperature 21 ± 0.5, pH 7.2-7.5, more than the dissolved oxygen 6mg/L, ammonia, nitrogen content are no more than 0.02mg/L and 0.05mg/L, Ca
2+, Mg
2+The mass concentration scope is 325～330 mg/L, 1160～1165 mg/L.A small amount of aeration guarantees that dissolved oxygen is sufficient, and forming fine bourn, to drive the ovum agglomerate tabling moving.Hatching density: 600-800 grain/L.Water is changed in siphon from the bottom, changes half water body in per four hours, and 36-38h is successfully hatched fry.
On June 4th, 2011, artificial insemination obtains 550,000 in fertilized egg, and fertilization rate 33% was hatched fry 110,000 tails on June 5; On June 12nd, 2011, natural spawning obtains 900,000 in fertilized egg, and fertilization rate 96.4% obtains river eel hatched fry 800,000 tails.
Outstanding feature of the present invention is under artificial repening river eel condition; Raise and train through adaptability; Salinity domestication, the regulation and administration of artificial water quality prevents anaesthetic and operation damage; Reduce injection of hormone dosage, female eel relies on the reproduction mechanism of self having transferred to reach the final stage of the development of ovary in the later stage; Through artificial induced spawning, a large amount of river eel can lay eggs in natural mating; Female eel chooser before the optimization artificial insemination utilizes the female eel that has had the behavior of laying eggs, can planned safe completion artificial insemination.The strict control environment of hatching factor can obtain a large amount of seedling that just incubate.The rate of wherein accelerating the ripening is more than 95%, and spawning rate reaches more than 80%, artificial insemination fertilization rate reached to 70%, incubation rate 80%; The natural spawning fertilization rate reaches 96.5%, incubation rate 90%.Improved the level that the artificial propagation river eel obtains high quality fertilized egg of scophthatmus and hatched fry.
The above only is a preferred implementation of the present invention; Should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the inventive method; Can also make some improvement and replenish, these improvement and replenish and also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. the artificial fecundation method of a river eel through regular injection carp brain hypophysis homogenate and HCG, impels parent population to reach sexual maturity; And through natural spawning or artificial insemination; Obtain fertilized egg and newly hatched larvae, it is characterized in that described artificial fecundation method comprises following three steps:
A, parent population are accelerated the ripening: falling of will collecting introduced the natural sea-water of sedimentation and filtration, salinity 17 ‰ after Haihe River eel parent raises and train 7 days; With artificial sea salt allotment, make the pond salinity water rise to 20 ‰ gradually, every afterwards two weeks is one-period; Salinity raises 3-4 ‰, rises to 30-35 ‰ up to salinity; According to fish body body weight, parent population muscle of back injection ripener carp brain hypophysis homogenate mixing HCG injects once weekly, and milter begins after raun injected for two weeks, and dosage reduces by half; Female eel when water temperature reaches 20 ± 0.5 ℃, stops injection behind injection 5-7 pin; Milter continues the injection ripener, pushes the abdomen examination gonopore in second day after the per injection and collects sperm;
B, parent population are hastened parturition: female last pin ripener of eel injection, and injection ocyodinic 17 Alpha-hydroxy progesterone mixing HCG behind the 24h, and select and can produce smart male eel, inject a pin ripener; Morning on next day, the fertilized egg of collecting natural spawning; The female eel that do not lay eggs carries out semi-dry process artificial insemination;
C, incubating oosperm: the fertilized egg that obtains is transported in the hatching pail immediately hatches; Aeration guarantees that dissolved oxygen is sufficient, and forming fine bourn, to drive the ovum agglomerate tabling moving; Changed half water body in per four hours, until successfully hatching fry.
2. artificial fecundation method according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Described ripener is the HCG of the carp brain hypophysis homogenate mixing 150IU/500g body weight of 0.5mg/500g body weight, and ocyodinic is the HCG of 17 Alpha-hydroxy progesterone mixing 150IU/500g body weight of 5mg/500g body weight.
3. artificial fecundation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, envirment factor is salinity 17-30 ‰ among the described step a, 16 ℃-24 ℃ of water temperatures, and pH 7.5-8.2, dissolved oxygen 4-15mg/L, input density is 50 tails/pond, male and female are separately.
4. artificial fecundation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described step b envirment factor is salinity 30-35 ‰, water temperature 19.5-22.5 ℃, and pH 7.0-8.0, dissolved oxygen 5-15mg/L throws in density 12 tails/pond, female-male proportion 1:3.
5. artificial fecundation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, envirment factor is salinity 33 ± 0.5 ‰ among the described step c; Water temperature 21 ± 0.5, pH 7.2-7.5 is more than the dissolved oxygen 6mg/L; Ammonia, nitrogen content are no more than 0.02mg/L and 0.05mg/L, Ca respectively
2+, Mg
2+The mass concentration scope is respectively 325-330 mg/L, 1160-1165 mg/L.
6. artificial fecundation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described hatching density is 600-800 grain/L.
7. artificial fecundation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, Haihe River eel parent that falls that will collect among the described step a puts into the pond of taking the puggaree booth, sunshade enrobe off the net at the bottom of the pond.
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Cited By (7)
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| CN103416337A (en) * | 2013-08-24 | 2013-12-04 | 宁波市大桥生态农业有限公司 | Wild-imitation breeding method for river eel |
| CN103478024A (en) * | 2013-08-19 | 2014-01-01 | 安徽华凌生态农业有限公司 | Method for farming white fries of American eels |
| WO2014200305A1 (en) * | 2013-06-15 | 2014-12-18 | 구골홀딩스 주식회사 | Method for inducing artificial ovulation and spawning of fresh-water eels |
| CN105145429A (en) * | 2015-08-10 | 2015-12-16 | 苏州市相城区阳澄湖镇剑美水产生态养殖专业合作社 | River eel green culturing method |
| KR101854607B1 (en) | 2016-04-01 | 2018-05-08 | 제이제이구골홀딩스 주식회사 | Method for inducing artificial ovulation and spawn of eel |
| CN110199922A (en) * | 2019-07-05 | 2019-09-06 | 深圳华大海洋科技有限公司 | A method of silver eel being changed by yellow eel for induction Female Japanese eel |
| CN111526715A (en) * | 2018-01-26 | 2020-08-11 | 株式会社新日本科学 | Method for breeding fry of eel fishes |
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