CN111526715A - Method for breeding fry of eel fishes - Google Patents
Method for breeding fry of eel fishes Download PDFInfo
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- CN111526715A CN111526715A CN201980007101.2A CN201980007101A CN111526715A CN 111526715 A CN111526715 A CN 111526715A CN 201980007101 A CN201980007101 A CN 201980007101A CN 111526715 A CN111526715 A CN 111526715A
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- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
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Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention addresses the problem of providing a method for breeding fry of fishes belonging to the order Anguillidae (a method for producing fry of fishes belonging to the order Anguillidae or fishes belonging to the order Anguillidae) with a high survival rate. The solution of the invention is a method for breeding fry of fishes belonging to order Anguillidae, which breeds the fry of fishes belonging to order Anguillidae in an environment with salinity of more than 10 per thousand and less than 38 per thousand; when a first stage is defined as a period from the hatching of a fry of a fish belonging to order Anguillidae to the opening of the fry of the fish belonging to order Anguillidae, and a second stage is defined as a period from the first stage to the point at which the entire length of the fry of the fish belonging to order Anguillidae after the first stage is 10mm, the fry of the fish belonging to order Anguillidae is raised in an environment having a salinity of 34% to 36% during at least half of the first stage, and the fry of the fish belonging to order Anguillidae is raised in an environment having a salinity of 10% to 28% during at least half of the second stage.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for breeding eel fry. More particularly, it relates to a method for breeding fry of fishes belonging to the order Anguillidae by changing the concentrations of components in a culture system with a high efficiency.
Background
Japanese patent application laid-open No. 2013-236598 discloses a method for breeding eel fishes by adjusting the dissolved oxygen concentration of the breeding water.
Documents of the prior art
Patent document
Patent document 1: japanese patent laid-open publication No. 2013-236598
Disclosure of Invention
Problems to be solved by the invention
On the other hand, however, it is difficult for the fishes belonging to the order anguillales to grow into fries from hatching, and it is impossible to efficiently breed the fries belonging to the order anguillales only by adjusting the dissolved oxygen concentration (DO) in the culture system. Therefore, it is desired to provide a method for breeding fry of fishes belonging to the order anguillales with a high survival rate (a method for producing fry of fishes belonging to the order anguillales or fishes belonging to the order anguillales).
Means for solving the problems
The invention is based essentially on the knowledge obtained from the examples described below: after the fry of the order anguilla is opened, the salinity of the culture system is lowered, whereby the fry of the order anguilla can be efficiently bred.
The invention relates to a method for breeding fry of fishes of the order anguilla. This method is basically a method as described below: the fry of fishes of order Anguillidae is bred in the environment with salinity of more than 10% and less than 38%.
The first stage is the hatching from fry of fishes belonging to order Anguillidae until the fry of fishes belonging to order Anguillidae is opened. Then, the second stage was defined as the period from the first stage to the time when the total length of the fry of the order anguillales became 10 mm.
In this case, fry of fishes belonging to the order Anguillidae are bred in an environment having a salinity of 34% to 36% over at least half of the first stage. Then, in at least half of the second stage, fries of fishes belonging to the order Anguillidae are bred in an environment having a salinity of 10 to 28% o.
The method is preferably as follows: feeding fry of fishes of Anguillidae in an environment with salinity of 16-25 ‰ during at least half of the second stage.
The method is preferably as follows: the salinity is decreased from the last 1 or last 2 days of the first stage to the 1 or 2 days of the second stage.
Then, the third stage is the period from the second stage to the time when the total length of the fry of the order anguillales becomes 20 mm.
In this case, it is preferable that: feeding fry of fishes belonging to Anguillidae in an environment with salinity of 21-36 ‰ during at least half of the third period. More preferably: feeding fry of fishes belonging to Anguillidae in an environment with salinity of 23-25 ‰ in at least half of the third period. Further, it is preferable that: the salinity is gradually changed from the last 1 or last 2 days of the second period to the 1 or 2 days of the third period.
Effects of the invention
As demonstrated in the examples, fry of fishes belonging to the order Anguillidae can be bred with good results according to the present invention.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a diagram instead of the drawings showing the latter: after artificial seawater adjusted to 30 and 35 permillage is used to breed the hatched fishes of the order anguillales, the occurrence rate of normal individuals of 5-day-old fries is high.
Fig. 2 is a diagram instead of the drawings showing the following: the fry of fishes of order Anguillidae bred in the general concentration group (33-35 ‰) and the low concentration group (16-18 ‰) has full length and high body height.
Fig. 3 is a diagram instead of the drawings showing the following: the survival rate of the fry of the Japanese eel order bred in the general concentration group (33-35 per thousand) and the low concentration group (16-18 per thousand) is passed.
Fig. 4 is a diagram instead of the drawings showing the following: the total length of the 124-day-old larval fish is obtained by a low-medium concentration breeding method.
Fig. 5 is a diagram instead of the drawings showing the following: the fry of fishes belonging to order Anguillidae bred in normal concentration group (33-35 ‰) and medium concentration group (23-25 ‰) has full length and high body height.
Fig. 6 is a graph showing, instead of the drawings as described later: the survival rate of the fry of the Japanese eel order bred in the general concentration group (33-35 per thousand) and the medium concentration group (23-25 per thousand) is passed.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to a method for breeding eel fry. This method is basically a method as described below: the fry of fishes of order Anguillidae is bred in the environment with salinity of more than 10% and less than 38%.
Growth period differentiation of fish fries of the order anguilla
In the present specification, the growth period of fry of anguillales is defined as follows.
The first stage is from the hatching of fry of fishes belonging to order Anguillidae until the fry of fishes belonging to order Anguillidae is opened (before feeding). Then, the second stage was defined as the period from the first stage to the time when the total length of the fry of the order anguillales became 10 mm. And the third stage is the period from the second stage to the time when the total length of the fry of the order anguillales is 20 mm.
In the case of a plurality of fry of the order anguillales, the first stage may be a period until half of the fry is opened. The second and third periods are also the same. For example, the second stage may be performed until the total length of half of the fish fries of order anguillales becomes 10mm or more, and the third stage may be performed until the total length of half of the fish fries of order anguillales becomes 20mm or more.
The first stage is generally from incubation to 5 to 8 days of age.
The second stage is generally up to about 40 days old (e.g., 20-50 days old, depending on environmental conditions or 35-45 days old).
The third stage is generally up to about 100 days old (e.g., 50-120 days old, depending on environmental conditions or 90-110 days old).
Fishes of the order Anguillidae
The fishes belonging to the order anguillales are, for example, eel, waxy eel, sea eel and sea fish. Of these, eel is preferred. The eels are, for example, Japanese eels (Anguilla japonica), European eels (Anguilla anguillala), Anguilla marmorata (Anguilla ramorata) and Anguilla americana (Anguilla rostrata). Furthermore, since fishes belonging to the order anguilla grow through anguilla anguillarum, hereinafter, description will be given mainly on eels, but fishes belonging to the order anguilla can be bred by the same method as described above for other fishes belonging to the order anguilla. Fry of fishes of the order anguillales is called anguilla anguillarum. In nature, for example, the number of days taken for Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) to hatch until it becomes a glass eel is considered to be about 160-180 days. Since the natural glass eel captured has a total length of about 60mm, the length of the glass eel which has grown to the maximum elongation stage, i.e., which can be transformed, is considered to be 60mm or more in total length. On the other hand, the transformable size of artificially produced anguillar anguillarum is 50 to 60mm in total length, and when the transformable size is reached, shark egg feed is used, and the long-term propagation is generally 200 days or more, and in addition, 400 days or more are required. Such a long-term fry production period is associated with a fear of lowering the survival rate or raising the production cost.
Breeding system for eel fishes
For breeding the fishes belonging to the order anguilla, a general container (for example, an acrylic container) for breeding the fishes belonging to the order anguilla may be used. For the breeding system of fishes belonging to the order anguillales, known documents may be appropriately referred to. In the present invention, a known feed may be suitably used.
Thyroid hormone or vitamins and its inducer can also be added into the breeding water. Vitamins are, for example, vitamin a acid and vitamin C. Especially, retinoic acid is effective because it forms thyroid hormone and heterodimer. When these substances are actually put into the feed, the feeding efficiency of fry of fishes belonging to the order Anguillidae (particularly, fry of Anguilla anguilla) is improved.
The process of the invention can be carried out in an environment in a state of still water or running water. Preferably in the range of 20 ℃ to 28 ℃ water temperature. Still further, it is also preferable to use it in the range of 22 ℃ to 26 ℃. When the growth is induced, it is preferable to propagate while applying ventilation such as oxygen.
The water contained in the propagation water used in the method of the present invention is not particularly limited. Tap water or underground water, thermal spring water, natural seawater or distilled water, deionized water, etc. may be used, and commercially available artificial seawater based on the above water may also be used as the raw material.
The propagation of the fishes of the order anguillales is preferably carried out in a dark room. The following describes the breeding program after hatching.
In at least half of the first stage, feeding eel fry in an environment with salinity of 34-36 ‰. The salinity may be 34% to 35%, 35% to 36%, 34.5% to 35.5%. The "at least half period" may be the entire period, may be 50% to 95% of the period, may be 60% to 90% of the period, or may be 70% to 85% of the period. In addition, the change (deviation from the average value) in the salinity in the first period (particularly, from the first period to the 3 rd or 4 th day) is preferably 20% or less (or 10% or less). Salinity can be gradually reduced from the last 1 day or the last 2 days of the first period.
The second stage is preferably to have a salinity lower than the first stage. Salinity may be gradually reduced from the beginning of the second period (e.g., until day 1 or until day 2). In at least half of the second stage, feeding fry of fishes belonging to the order Anguillidae in an environment with a salinity of 10 to 28 ‰. Preferably: feeding fry of fishes of Anguillidae in an environment with salinity of 16-25 ‰ during at least half of the second stage. The salinity may be 16% to 23% inclusive, 17% to 20% inclusive, 20% to 25% inclusive, or 20% to 23% inclusive. The "at least half period" may be the entire period, may be 50% to 95% of the period, may be 60% to 90% of the period, or may be 70% to 85% of the period. The change (deviation from the average value) in salinity in the second period (period from 3 days after the second period to 3 days before the last day) is preferably 20% or less (or 10% or less).
Transition period
Preferably: salinity is decreased from the last 1 or penultimate 2 day of the first stage to the 1 or 2 day of the second stage.
The salinity of the third stage is preferably higher than the salinity of the second stage. Salinity may be gradually reduced from the beginning of the third period (e.g., until day 1 or until day 2). Preferably: feeding fry of fishes belonging to Anguillidae in an environment with salinity of 21-36 ‰ during at least half of the third period. More preferably: feeding fry of fishes belonging to Anguillidae in an environment with salinity of 23-25 ‰ in at least half of the third period. The salinity may be 23% or more and 24% or less, may be 24% or more and 25% or less, or may be 23.5% or more and 24.5% or less. The "at least half period" may be the entire period, may be 50% to 95% of the period, may be 60% to 90% of the period, or may be 70% to 85% of the period. The change (deviation from the average) in salinity in the third period (period from 3 days after the third period to 3 days before the last day) is preferably 20% or less (or 10% or less). Still further, it is also preferable that: salinity was gradually changed from the last 1 or last 2 days of the second phase to the 1 or 2 days of the third phase.
[ examples ]
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples. The present invention also includes those skilled in the art with appropriate modifications from the following embodiments or with the combination of the known techniques.
(preparation of hatching fish fry)
Artificially inseminating an ovum and a sperm of Anguilla japonica obtained by artificially accelerating maturation. After fertilization, the oosperm with cleavage is identified as a fertilized ovum. And then breeding the fertilized eggs in a 100L (liter) Panlite water tank by using artificial seawater with salinity of 34-35 per mill at 25 ℃. After about 1.5 days, a plurality of eels are hatched, thus obtaining eel fries.
(Experimental method: first phase optimization)
Artificial seawater adjusted to 30% and 35% was prepared in 2 500mL beakers, each of which contained 50 eel fries and bred in an incubator at 25 ℃.
(evaluation of fry)
The normal individuals and the abnormal individuals of the 5-day-old larval fish are measured. Wherein, will
(1) The tail is broken;
(2) the lower jaw is not closed; or
(3) The larval fish with the defective head is judged as the abnormal larval fish.
Results
FIG. 1 shows: after artificial seawater adjusted to 30 per mill and 35 per mill is used for breeding the hatched eel, the appearance rate of normal individuals of 5-day-old fry is high. As shown in fig. 1, the normal ratio of the fries bred in the artificial seawater of 30% was only 8.0%, and the normal ratio of the fries bred in the artificial seawater of 35% was high, 96.0%. From this, it was found that about 35% o of high-concentration seawater was applied to the fry before the fry was hatched and baited.
(preparation of hatching fish fry)
Artificially inseminating an ovum and a sperm of Anguilla japonica obtained by artificially accelerating maturation. After fertilization, the eggs whose cleavage was confirmed were used as fertilized eggs, and they were bred in a 100L Panlite tank using artificial seawater having a salinity of 34 to 35 ‰ at 25 ℃. After about 1.5 days, the hatched larval fish is obtained.
(preparation of bait for starting fry)
The incubated eel fries are transferred to a 20L Kreisel water tank and bred in artificial seawater with salinity of 34-35 per thousand at 25 ℃. 200 normal fries of 6-day-old hatched fries are transferred to a 5L spherical water tank.
(Experimental method: optimization of the second phase after the first phase)
The water tank was filled with artificial seawater to a volume of 5L. Two experimental groups of general concentration group with salinity of 33-35 per mill and low concentration group with salinity of 16-18 per mill are prepared. Japanese eel was acclimatized to 2 water tanks. Then, 3mL of feed equivalent to the feed is put into the bottom of the water tank by a pipette to start feeding; wherein the feed is prepared from eggs of Squalus vulgaris as basic raw material. During the feeding period, water flow was stopped for 15 minutes. After 15 minutes, the bait remaining on the bottom surface was washed at a flow rate of 0.4 to 0.5L for 1 minute. The above-mentioned operations were repeated 5 times at 2-hour intervals. The feeding time is 7, 9, 11, 13 and 15. After 5 times of feeding, anguilla marmorata was transferred to the same type of water tank. Water injection was continued at a flow rate of 0.4 to 0.5L for 1 minute during periods other than feeding. All the artificial seawater at 25 ℃ is continuously circulated and filtered during the feeding period to breed.
(evaluation of fry)
Feeding breeding was performed for 30 days, and the number of deaths during this period was measured, and the total length and body height at the 35-day-old time point were measured under a stereomicroscope. In addition, 3 experiments were performed for the general concentration group.
As a result:
FIG. 2 shows: the Japanese eel fry bred in the general concentration group (33-35 per thousand) and the low concentration group (16-18 per thousand) has full length and high body height. The graph also shows the mean ± standard deviation. In the figure, the initial period indicates the start of feeding, and n indicates the number of individuals. FIG. 3 shows the survival rate transition of Japanese eel fries bred in the normal concentration group (33-35 ‰) and the low concentration group (16-18 ‰). The results of experiments conducted 3 times for the general concentration groups are shown. As shown in FIG. 2, at the end of 30 days of reproduction, there was no significant difference between the full length and the higher than normal concentration group (33-35%) and the low concentration group (16-18%). On the other hand, as shown in fig. 3, the low concentration group was constantly lower in the impairment rate than the normal concentration group, and at the end of the experiment, the survival rate was about 69% for the low concentration group relative to the normal concentration group. Therefore, it is understood that the survival rate is dramatically improved by significantly reducing the salinity of the culture system during a predetermined period after feeding.
(preparation of fry)
Individuals bred in the above low concentration group (16-18 ‰) were used to find the optimal conditions in the next growth period.
(Experimental method: optimization of the first phase and the third phase after the second phase)
About 50 eel fries of 35 days old were bred in a 5L-shaped spherical water tank. Feeding the feed with a pipette by putting 3mL of feed equivalent to the feed into the bottom surface of the water tank; wherein the feed is prepared from eggs of Squalus vulgaris as basic raw material. Water flow was stopped for 15 minutes during the feeding period. After 15 minutes, the bait remaining on the bottom surface was washed at a flow rate of 0.4 to 0.5L for 1 minute. The above-mentioned operations were repeated 5 times at 2-hour intervals. The feeding time is 7, 9, 11, 13 and 15. After 5 times of feeding, anguilla marmorata was transferred to the same type of water tank. Water injection was continued at a flow rate of 0.4 to 0.5L for 1 minute during periods other than feeding. And in the feeding period, all the artificial seawater with low concentration of 25 deg.C (16-18 ‰) is continuously circulated and filtered while reproducing. At the time point of 80 days of age, it took one week to perform concentration migration in such a manner that the concentration of the artificial seawater changed from a low concentration (16-18 parts per thousand) to about 25 parts per thousand. Thereafter, propagation was continued using the same feeding environment as described above. The artificial seawater in the period is 25 deg.C, and is pushed at 23-25 ‰ (middle concentration artificial seawater).
As a result:
the low-concentration artificial seawater (16-18 per mill) obviously has growth retardation from 50-60 days old compared with the common-concentration larval fish bred in parallel. Therefore, the culture system is changed from low-concentration artificial seawater to medium-concentration artificial seawater (23-25 per mill). Later growth showed a tendency to recover and produced, at the time of 124 days of age, a maximum of 36.2mm long length of the individual Salix anguillar. FIG. 4 shows the total length of 124-day-old fish fries obtained by the breeding method using low and medium concentrations. By the low and medium concentration breeding method in combination as shown in FIG. 4, the average total length of eel fries grows to about 30 mm.
(preparation of hatching fish fry)
Artificially inseminating an ovum and a sperm of Anguilla japonica obtained by artificially accelerating maturation. After fertilization, the oosperm with cleavage is identified as a fertilized ovum. And then breeding the fertilized eggs in a 100L Panlite water tank by using artificial seawater with salinity of 34-35 per mill at 25 ℃. After about 1.5 days, the hatched larval fish is obtained.
(preparation of bait for starting fry)
The hatched larval fish is transferred to a Kreisel water tank of 20L and bred by artificial seawater with salinity of 34-35 per thousand at 25 ℃. It was confirmed whether the frequency of abnormal fish fries was low or abnormal fish fries were absent in 6-day-old fish fries after hatching. Thereafter, 200 eel fries were transferred to a 5L ball-shaped water tank.
(Experimental method: optimization of the second phase after the first phase)
Artificial seawater was injected into a Kreisel type tank, and the volume was set to 5L. Two experimental groups of a general concentration group with salinity of 33-35 per mill and a medium concentration group with salinity of 23-25 per mill are prepared. In addition, the middle concentration group was subjected to the same experiment twice. Japanese eel was acclimatized to 2 water tanks. Then, 3mL of feed equivalent to the feed is put into the bottom of the water tank by a pipette to start feeding; wherein the feed is prepared from eggs of Squalus vulgaris as basic raw material. Water flow was stopped for 15 minutes during the feeding period. After 15 minutes, the bait remaining on the bottom surface was washed at a flow rate of 0.6 to 0.8L for 1 minute. The above-mentioned operations were repeated 5 times at 2-hour intervals. The feeding time is 7, 9, 11, 13 and 15. After 5 times of feeding, anguilla marmorata was transferred to the same type of water tank. Water injection was continued at a flow rate of 0.6 to 0.8L for 1 minute during periods other than feeding. All the plants were bred with 25 deg.C artificial seawater while circulating and filtering.
(evaluation of fry)
Feeding breeding was performed for 30 days, and the number of deaths during this period was measured, and the total length and body height at the 35-day-old time point were measured under a stereomicroscope.
As a result:
FIG. 5 shows: the Japanese eel fry bred in the general concentration group (33-35 per thousand) and the medium concentration group (23-25 per thousand) has full length and high body height. The graphs are mean ± standard deviation. FIG. 6 shows: the survival rate of Japanese eel fries bred in a general concentration group (33-35 per thousand) and a medium concentration group (23-25 per thousand) is passed. As shown in FIG. 5, at the end of 30 days of reproduction, there was no significant difference between the total length and the body above the normal concentration (33-35%) and the medium concentration (23-25%). As shown in fig. 6, the medium concentration group was constantly lower in the deterioration rate than the normal concentration group, and at the end of the experiment, the survival rate was 1.5% with respect to the normal concentration group, and the survival rates were 27% and 39% for the medium concentration group. As can be seen, the survival rate was higher in the medium concentration group than in the normal concentration group.
Industrial applicability
The present invention can be used in aquaculture.
Claims (6)
1. A method for breeding fry of fishes of order Anguillidae in an environment with salinity of more than 10 per mill and less than 38 per mill, which is characterized in that:
in the first stage, fry of fishes belonging to order Anguillidae hatch until the fry of fishes belonging to order Anguillidae hatch,
and the second stage is the stage from the first stage to the stage when the total length of the fry of the order Anguillidae is 10mm,
feeding said fry of fishes belonging to the order Anguillidae in an environment having a salinity of 34 to 36% o/o for at least half of the first period,
and feeding the fry of the order Anguillidae in an environment with salinity of 10-28 ‰ during at least half of the second stage.
2. The method of propagating a fish fry of the order Anguillidae according to claim 1,
and feeding the fry of the order Anguillidae in an environment with salinity of more than 16 per thousand and less than 25 per thousand for at least half of the second period.
3. The method of propagating a fish fry of the order Anguillidae according to claim 1,
salinity is decreased from the last 1 or penultimate 2 day of the first phase to the 1 or 2 day of the second phase.
4. The method of propagating a fish fry of the order Anguillidae according to claim 1,
when the third stage is a stage from the second stage to a stage at which the total length of the fry of the order anguillales is 20mm,
and feeding the fry of the order Anguillidae in an environment with salinity of more than 21% and less than 36% in at least half of the third period.
5. The method of propagating a fish fry of the order Anguillidae according to claim 4,
and feeding the fry of the order Anguillidae in an environment with salinity of more than 23 per thousand and less than 25 per thousand for at least half of the period of the third period.
6. The method of propagating a fish fry of the order Anguillidae according to claim 4,
salinity was gradually changed from the last 1 or last 2 days of the second phase to the 1 or 2 days of the third phase.
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| JP2018011279 | 2018-01-26 | ||
| PCT/JP2019/000466 WO2019146410A1 (en) | 2018-01-26 | 2019-01-10 | Method for feeding anguilliformes larvae |
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| KR (1) | KR102505201B1 (en) |
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| JP7248596B2 (en) | 2023-03-29 |
| JPWO2019146410A1 (en) | 2021-05-27 |
| WO2019146410A1 (en) | 2019-08-01 |
| KR102505201B1 (en) | 2023-03-02 |
| KR20200103767A (en) | 2020-09-02 |
| CN111526715B (en) | 2022-03-29 |
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