CN108142352A - A kind of giant salamander Ecology propagation method - Google Patents
A kind of giant salamander Ecology propagation method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method of giant salamander Ecology breeding, step includes：The cultivation of parent, hormone induction giant salamander natural spawning are raised and train with natural fertilization, artificial incubation and young salamander under the conditions of the selection of Ecology breeding pond site, the construction in Ecology breeding pond, giant salamander Ecology；This method compared with prior art the advantages of be:The method spawning rate of giant salamander Ecology breeding is high, rate of fertilization is high, hatching emergence rate is high；It is of great significance to improving reproduction rate of giant salamanders.
Description
Technical field
Technical field more particularly to a kind of giant salamander Ecology propagation method the present invention relates to aquaculture.
Background technology
Chinese giant salamander, Andrias davidianus is commonly called as " giant salamander ", is a kind of very high wild rare animal of the distinctive economic value in China, is state
Family second class protection animal is the good material for studying the researchs such as biological evolution, bio-diversity, Sex Determination molecular mechanism, for
Scientific research has huge potential contribution, is referred to as " living fossil ".On July 1st, 1975, giant salamander are put into international endangered species trade
Easy pact (CITES) annex I, forbids its international trade.On December 10th, 1988, State Council announced《Key Protected
Animal register》Giant salamander is classified as II grade of protection animal of country.In addition, giant salamander is also classified as pole danger by IUCN species conservation Red Lists
Species.
Protection of resources, proliferation and the utilization of giant salamander are the hot spot and agriculture industrialization emphasis of current aquaculture research
One of kind of exploitation.Giant salamander artificial propagation mainly using injection pituitary, LRH-A, HCG and efficient induced spawning mixture, can make
Giant salamander lays eggs, and seedling can be hatched after insemination, but these all fail to break through the batch breeding of giant salamander seed.In recent years, Zhejiang Province
Shen Baoquan, Shanghai Aquatic Products Univ. 9CN) Qiao Zhi just, the Huang Junhaideng entity and individual in Guangdong Province study in giant salamander artificial propagation test
In, and some progress are achieved, wherein the Shen Baoquan in Zhejiang goes out giant salamander fry 12000 in 2004 with 2000 tail parent's artificial propagations
Tail, giant salamander parent and filial generation breeding potential are up to 1：18.5, this can be China's quantum jump on giant salamander reproductive number in recent years.From
From the point of view of the result of China giant salamander artificial propagation test research, giant salamander overall reproductive rate only has 5~10%, and sexually matured parent only has
5~20%, this is to say, parent is average only to breed 5~30 tail of seedling per tail.However, parent (5~10 kilograms of individual weight) is cherished
Ovum amount is 500~1000/tail, and 960 tail of seedling can be bred by theoretical value calculating per tail female parent.So, 100 tail parent
It is calculated by 80% sexual mature rate, 38400 tail of seedling can be produced.2000 tail parents of above-mentioned Shen Bao Quan, can theoretically produce seedling 768000
Tail, the seedling that actually present giant salamander breeds also only have 12000 tails, and reasonable to discuss the 1.04% of breeding, the key of problem is can
It is very little for the sexal maturity parent stock of breeding, that is to say, that parent sexual mature rate is too low.Present giant salamander artificial propagation test
In, artificial induced spawning, oxytocic drug and dosage of hastening parturition for emphasis research topic and by the mechanism of giant salamander physiology of reproduction and property
Gland reaches maturity mechanism as primary study content.Although these researchs play an important role to giant salamander artificial propagation techniques,
If On The Gonadal Development of Megalobatrachus Davidianus prematurity, even if possessing again brilliant, very ripe technology of hastening parturition, result is still of no avail.
Therefore, critical issue essentially consists in, and the sexually matured parent stock of giant salamander is few, and parent sexual mature rate is low.If parent sexal maturity
Rate is high, and more than ten tail female parents can breed tail seedling up to ten thousand.
Current giant salamander artificial propagation is the problem is that many, but the sperm sperm motility nonfertilization that male squeezes out of ovum production
Rate is low.Because either male salamander or female salamander, only its sexual gland could be into fertilizations in Appropriate maturation period injection oxytocins.Also
It is said that artificial induced spawning is early not all right, evening is also not all right, and giant salamander is due to being wild animal, is one under artificial environment from discomfort
The process adapted to should be arrived, and is proved by production practices, the growth and development of wild giant salamander, most significant feature is individual difference
Bigger, this just brings the time irreversibility of On The Gonadal Development of Megalobatrachus Davidianus maturation, and there are the difference of morning and evening.And take in the prior art
The method hastened parturition in batches belongs to the practice won victory through numerical superiority, and most ovum is of low quality, so rate of fertilization is low.
Generally speaking, the artificial breeding technology situation of China giant salamander is at present：1. breeding potential is relatively low, i.e. the ratio of parent and seedling
The higher person is 1：20 or so, generally 1：5~10, some even 1：Less than 5；2. the ratio between fertilized eggs and laying are relatively low, and one
As be only 1：10, that is to say, that fertilized eggs only account for the 1/10 of total laying.3. thing followed hatching rate is also low.It therefore, can be with
It says, there are still serious technical bottlenecks for the artificial propagation of giant salamander, restrict the development of giant salamander culture industry, also illustrate that giant salamander is artificial
The technical merit of breeding also has very big development and room for promotion.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is：Overcome deficiency of the prior art, provide a kind of nutritional ingredient comprehensively, have
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a kind of giant salamander Ecology propagation method, with solution
Certainly spawning rate in giant salamander artificial propagation techniques, the technical issues of rate of fertilization and hatching emergence rate are low.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions：
The present invention provides a kind of giant salamander Ecology cultural methods, include the following steps：
(1) selection of Ecology breeding site：
The mountain stream gully of 700~1200 meters of height above sea level is selected to build Simulated ecological breeding pond for giant salamander, gully two sides surface vegetation is covered
More than 80% cover degree, the water quality of gully are：Water quality is limpid, water temperature be 16 DEG C~22 DEG C, water body be rich in minerals, pH value 6.8~
7.5, hardness is 130~170, and water body dissolved oxygen enriches, DO ＞ 5mg/L, biochemical oxygen demand ＜ 12mg/L, ammonia nitrogen amount ＜ in water
0.06mg/L, total phosphorus content ＜ 0.35mg/L；
(2) construction in Ecology breeding pond：
Ecology breeding pond is built along gully, several independent hollow caves, the hole are set in the side wall of gully
Towards in gully, the breeding pond is divided into several cells with net at the hole in cave, prevent giant salamander cluster influenced in some cave with
Interference is laid eggs each other, and each cell includes 1~2 cave；
The inner wall in the cave is built into cobble, and cave top is equipped with the air hole communicated with outside air, cave bottom surface
The cambered surface recessed for middle part is deposited on hole bottom with the ovum for ensureing giant salamander production, avoids skidding off outside hole, and hole bottom is laid with 5~10cm thickness
Rough sand bed course, the bottom surface nadir in cave is higher than gully bottom surface, and has the drop of 0.1~0.3m with gully bottom surface；
In the Ecology breeding pond, the depth of water of gully is 0.3~0.6m, and the cave depth of water is 0.2~0.4m, keeps flow
Speed is 0.3~0.5m/min；
(3) cultivation of giant salamander parent：
After treating giant salamander breeding, giant salamander is put, biological breeding and hibernation are carried out in the breeding pond of above-mentioned steps (2), each
Each one of male and female giant salamander is placed in cell, prevents giant salamander cluster from influencing gonad development in some cave and lays eggs each other with interference；
In 3~May using fish as staple food, it is aided with pork liver, feeding is primary weekly, and the injected volume of each food is giant salamander in pond
The 1/30 of total weight；At 6~8 parts using fresh and alive shrimp, the frog, crucian, loach as staple food, it is aided with animal's liver, every 3~5 days feedings one
Secondary, the injected volume of each food is 1/20 of giant salamander total weight in pond；
Late July injects hormone to parent giant salamander, promotes gonad development fast-ripenin and promotes the oviposition of Relatively centralized time,
The dosage of the hormone is：The chorionic gonadotrophin for promoting Luteinizing hormone releasing hormone LRH-A2 and 100IU of every kilogram of giant salamander injection 2ug
Hormone HCG is equivalent to the 1/8 of normal breeding dosage, since the development of male giant salamander is than female giant salamander lag, male giant salamander ratio
The requirement of female giant salamander is injected, while increase the water flow of gully and flow sound for 3~5 days in advance, promote giant salamander natural spawning with from
So fertilization, injection hormone are observed 1 time after 10 days, record egg-laying time for every 2 days；
(4) hatching of giant salamander fertilized eggs：
It is collected after development of fertilized ova 3 days, it is described artificial using artificial incubation to improve the hatching rate of fertilized eggs
The method of hatching is：Fertilized eggs are moved to, artificial incubation is carried out in the plastics filter basket of hatchery, the plastics filter basket is dipped in hatching
In the water in pond, bottom surface does not contact hatchery bottom, ensures that fertilized eggs immersion contacts in water and not with bottom of pond, each plastics filter
180~200 pieces of fertilized eggs are placed in basket, is to prevent fertilized eggs note shell in hatching process, fertilized eggs should be stirred every 4~6 hours
Once, the ovum of necrosis and is rejected in time, when fertilized eggs form embryo, and there is no need to manually turn over fertilization after energy autonomous travel rotation
Ovum；
The hatchery first carries out thorough disinfection using preceding, it is preferable that the method for the thorough disinfection is with 30~50mg/
The liquor potassic permanganate soaking disinfection of L, but not limited to this, other any methods that can be used for pond disinfection can be used in the present invention
In, water temperature is controlled at 17~19 DEG C, and water temperature luffing is no more than 1 DEG C round the clock, more than depth of water 50cm；
(5) young salamander is raised and train：
After embryo's membrane, young salamander is put into hydrostatic or miniflow Aquaponic in young salamander culture pond by as young salamander, and the depth of water 5~
8cm, changes water 1 time daily；After treating that young salamander absorbs the yolk bag of embryo, water earthworm, shrimp or meat particle are fed, is fed within two days
Once, young salamander is obtained；When young salamander weight reaches 30g, mixing feeding shrimp, trash fish and shredded meat are fed primary for two days；Work as weight
When reaching 100g, move into artificial domestication pond and normally raise.
Preferably, in the Ecology breeding pond of the step (2), a length of 30~50 meters of gully, width is 0.8~1.2
Rice, depth be 0.7~1.0 meter, cave in pairs set on gully side wall in, between two adjacent caves in same side wall with net every
It opens, forms the cell in the cave being oppositely arranged containing 2.
Preferably, the width in the cave in the step (2) is 0.8~1.2 meter, a height of 0.5~0.8 meter.
Preferably, in the step (2), the hole in cave is the rectangle or square of 0.3~0.4 meter of the length of side, cave
Depth is 0.4~0.6 meter.
Preferably, in the step (3), the depth of water of gully is 0.6m, and the depth of water in cave is 0.2~0.3m, breeds pond
Interior water velocity is 0.3~0.5m/min.
The present invention has the following advantages compared with prior art：The present invention provides a kind of giant salamander Ecology propagation methods, should
Method breeds more than 80% spawning efficiency of giant salamander, and rate of fertilization is up to 90.6%, and through the hatching of 35~40 days, hatching emergence rate was
82%, seedling percent 96.2%, compared with the prior art, spawning rate is high, rate of fertilization is high, hatching emergence rate is high, to carrying
High reproduction rate of giant salamanders is of great significance.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the overall structure diagram that Ecology breeds pond；
Fig. 2 is the A-A sectional views that Ecology breeds pond.
Specific embodiment
It elaborates below to the embodiment of the present invention, the present embodiment is carried out lower based on the technical solution of the present invention
Implement, give detailed embodiment and specific operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following implementation
Example.
Embodiment 1
A kind of giant salamander Ecology propagation method of the present embodiment, includes the following steps：
1st, a kind of giant salamander Ecology propagation method, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
(1) selection of Ecology breeding site：
It is lime rock stratum to select 700~1200 meters of height above sea level, geological conditions, the more stone matter in riverbed, gravel, cobble, dense vegetation,
Abundant water, the mountain stream gully of abundant rainfall build Simulated ecological breeding pond for giant salamander, gully two sides surface vegetation coverage 80% with
On, the water quality of gully is：Water quality is limpid, and water temperature is 16 DEG C~22 DEG C, and water body is rich in minerals, pH value 6.8~7.5, and hardness is
130~170, water body dissolved oxygen enriches, DO ＞ 5mg/L, biochemical oxygen demand ＜ 12mg/L in water, ammonia nitrogen amount ＜ 0.06mg/L, total phosphorus content
＜ 0.35mg/L；
(2) construction in Ecology breeding pond：
Ecology breeding pond is built along gully, the breeding pond has structure as shown in figure 1 and 2, wherein, gully 2
A length of 30~50 meters, width is 0.8~1.2 meter, and depth is 0.7~1.0 meter, opposite in the side wall of the both sides of gully 2 to set
Put several independent hollow caves 3, the width in cave 3 is 0.8~1.2 meter, a height of 0.5~0.8 meter, the hole in the cave 3
Mouthful towards in gully 2, being the rectangle or square of 0.3~0.4 meter of the length of side, 3 depth of cave is 0.4~0.6 meter, same side wall
It is separated between interior adjacent cave 3 with net 1, forms the cell containing 2 caves being oppositely arranged 3, prevent giant salamander cluster at certain
A cave 3 and influence with interfere lay eggs each other.
The inner wall in the cave 3 is built into cobble, and top is equipped with the square openings that the length of side is 0.3m, for ovum to be taken
Go out and observe weather of the giant salamander in cave, usually covered opening with baffle 4,4 upper surface of baffle covers 30~40cm
Soil layer as thermal insulation layer, water plant shade is planted on soil layer；Baffle 4 is equipped with the air hole 5 communicated with outside air, cave
The 3 bottom surfaces cambered surface recessed for middle part is deposited on hole bottom with the ovum for ensureing giant salamander production, avoids skidding off outside hole, and the bottom surface in cave 3 is laid with
The rough sand bed course of 5~10cm thickness, minimum point are higher than gully bottom surface, and have the drop of 0.1~0.3m with gully bottom surface；
In the Ecology breeding pond, the depth of water of gully is 0.3~0.6m, and the cave depth of water is 0.2~0.4m, keeps flow
Speed is 0.3~0.5m/min；
(3) cultivation of giant salamander parent：
After treating giant salamander breeding, select more than heavyweight vehicle 5kg, the giant salamander that build is good, physical strong, disease-free and injury-free is placed in
Biological breeding and hibernation are carried out in the breeding pond of above-mentioned steps (2), each cell places each one of male and female giant salamander, prevents giant salamander from collecting
Group influences gonad development and oviposition in some cave；
In 3~May using fish as staple food, it is aided with pork liver, feeding is primary weekly, and the injected volume of each food is giant salamander in pond
The 1/30 of total weight；At 6~8 parts using fresh and alive shrimp, the frog, crucian, loach as staple food, it is aided with animal's liver, every 3~5 days feedings one
Secondary, the injected volume of each food is 1/20 of giant salamander total weight in pond；
Late July injects hormone to parent giant salamander, promotes gonad development fast-ripenin and promotes the oviposition of Relatively centralized time,
The dosage of the hormone is：The chorionic gonadotrophin for promoting Luteinizing hormone releasing hormone LRH-A2 and 100IU of every kilogram of giant salamander injection 2ug
Hormone HCG is equivalent to the 1/8 of normal breeding dosage, since the development of male giant salamander is than female giant salamander lag, male giant salamander ratio
The requirement of female giant salamander is injected, while increase the water flow of gully and flow sound for 3~5 days in advance, promote giant salamander natural spawning with from
So fertilization, injection hormone are observed 1 time after 10 days, record egg-laying time for every 2 days；
During female salamander oviposition, male salamander feeds river crab more, feeds high fat kind bait, just before giving birth previous one fixed number of moon feeding of female salamander less
The frog of amount to improve chalaza quality, after ovulation, carries out artificial insemination, obtains fertilized eggs；
(4) hatching of giant salamander fertilized eggs：
It is collected after development of fertilized ova 3 days, it is described artificial using artificial incubation to improve the hatching rate of fertilized eggs
The method of hatching is：Fertilized eggs are moved to, artificial incubation is carried out in the plastics filter basket of hatchery, the plastics filter basket is dipped in hatching
In the water in pond, bottom surface does not contact hatchery bottom, ensures that fertilized eggs immersion contacts in water and not with bottom of pond, each plastics filter
180~200 pieces of fertilized eggs are placed in basket, is to prevent fertilized eggs note shell in hatching process, fertilized eggs should be stirred every 4~6 hours
Once, the ovum of necrosis and is rejected in time, when fertilized eggs form embryo, and there is no need to manually turn over fertilization after energy autonomous travel rotation
Ovum；
The hatchery is first impregnated 30 minutes before with 30~50mg/L liquor potassic permanganates carries out thorough disinfection, water temperature
Control is at 17~19 DEG C, and water temperature luffing is no more than 1 DEG C round the clock, depth of water 30cm；
(5) young salamander is raised and train：
After embryo's membrane, young salamander is put into hydrostatic or miniflow Aquaponic in young salamander culture pond by as young salamander, and the depth of water 5~
8cm, changes water 1 time daily；After treating that young salamander absorbs the yolk bag of embryo, water earthworm, shrimp or meat particle are fed, is fed within two days
Once, young salamander is obtained；When young salamander weight reaches 30g, mixing feeding shrimp, trash fish and shredded meat are fed primary for two days；Work as weight
It when reaching 100g, moves into artificial domestication pond and normally raises, remove water-bed residual bait and excrement during raising in time.
Through statistics, with more than 80% spawning efficiency of this method breeding giant salamander, rate of fertilization was up to 90.6%, through 35~40 days
Hatching, hatching emergence rate be 82%, seedling percent 96.2%, compared with prior art, spawning rate, is incubated at rate of fertilization
Change emergence rate and be respectively provided with large increase, have great importance to the breeding potential for improving giant salamander.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of giant salamander Ecology propagation method, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
(1) selection of Ecology breeding site：The mountain stream gully of 700~1200 meters of height above sea level is selected to build the breeding of giant salamander Ecology
Pond, more than 80% gully two sides surface vegetation coverage, the water quality of gully are：Water quality is limpid, and water temperature is 16 DEG C~22 DEG C, water body
Rich in minerals, pH value 6.8~7.5, hardness is 130~170, and water body dissolved oxygen enriches, DO ＞ 5mg/L, biochemical oxygen demand ＜ in water
12mg/L, ammonia nitrogen amount ＜ 0.06mg/L, total phosphorus content ＜ 0.35mg/L；
(2) construction in Ecology breeding pond：
Ecology breeding pond is built along gully, several independent hollow caves are set in the side wall of gully, the cave
Towards in gully, the breeding pond is divided into several cells with net at hole, and each cell includes 1~2 cave；The cave it is interior
Wall is built into cobble, and cave top is equipped with the air hole communicated with outside air, the cave bottom surface cambered surface recessed for middle part, hole bottom
Be laid with the rough sand bed course of 5~10cm thickness, the bottom surface nadir in cave higher than gully bottom surface, and with gully bottom surface with 0.1~
The drop of 0.3m；In the Ecology breeding pond, the depth of water of gully is 0.3~0.6m, and the cave depth of water is 0.2~0.4m, is kept
Water velocity is 0.3~0.5m/min；
(3) cultivation of giant salamander parent：
After treating giant salamander breeding, giant salamander is placed in the breeding pond of above-mentioned steps (2) and carries out biological breeding and hibernation, Mei Ge little
Place each one of male and female giant salamander in room；In 3~May using fish as staple food, it is aided with pork liver, feeding is primary weekly, the throwing of each food
High-volume 1/30 for giant salamander total weight in pond；At 6~8 parts using fresh and alive shrimp, the frog, crucian, loach as staple food, it is aided with animal's liver,
Every 3~5 days feedings are primary, and the injected volume of each food is 1/20 of giant salamander total weight in pond；Late July injects to parent giant salamander
Hormone, the dosage of the hormone are：The chorion for promoting Luteinizing hormone releasing hormone LRH-A2 and 100IU of every kilogram of giant salamander injection 2ug
Promoting sexual gland hormone HCG, male giant salamander are injected, while increase the water flow and flow of gully for 3~5 days in advance than the requirement of female giant salamander
Sound；
(4) hatching of giant salamander fertilized eggs：
It is collected after development of fertilized ova 3 days, fertilized eggs is moved to, artificial incubation is carried out in the plastics filter basket of hatchery, it is described
Plastics filter basket is dipped in the water of hatchery, and bottom surface does not contact hatchery bottom, and 180~200 pieces are placed in each plastics filter basket
Fertilized eggs, stirred that fertilized eggs are primary, and reject the ovum of necrosis in time in hatching process every 4~6 hours, when fertilized eggs form embryo
Tire, and there is no need to manually turn over fertilized eggs after energy autonomous travel rotation；The hatchery first carries out thorough disinfection, water using preceding
Temperature control system is at 17~19 DEG C, and water temperature luffing is no more than 1 DEG C round the clock, more than depth of water 50cm；
(5) young salamander is raised and train：
After embryo's membrane, young salamander is put into hydrostatic or miniflow Aquaponic in young salamander culture pond by as young salamander, 5~8cm of the depth of water,
Change water 1 time daily；After treating that young salamander absorbs the yolk bag of embryo, water earthworm, shrimp or meat particle are fed, feeds one within two days
It is secondary, obtain young salamander；When young salamander weight reaches 30g, mixing feeding shrimp, trash fish and shredded meat are fed primary for two days；When young salamander body
When weighing to 100g, move into artificial domestication pond and normally raise.
2. a kind of giant salamander Ecology propagation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step (2) it is bionical
In state breeding pond, a length of 30~50 meters of gully, width is 0.8~1.2 meter, and depth is 0.7~1.0 meter, and cave is set in pairs
It in the side wall of gully, is separated between two adjacent caves in same side wall with net, forms the small of the cave that is oppositely arranged containing 2
Room.
A kind of 3. giant salamander Ecology propagation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the hole in the step (2)
The width in cave is 0.8~1.2 meter, a height of 0.5~0.8 meter.
4. a kind of giant salamander Ecology propagation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step (2), cave
Hole be 0.3~0.4 meter of the length of side rectangle or square, cave depth be 0.4~0.6 meter.
5. a kind of giant salamander Ecology propagation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step (3), gully
The depth of water for 0.6m, the depth of water in cave is 0.2~0.3m, and breeding pool inner water flow velocity degree is 0.3~0.5m/min.
6. a kind of giant salamander Ecology propagation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step (4), thoroughly
Sterilization method is：With the liquor potassic permanganate soaking disinfection of 30~50mg/L.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111374089A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2020-07-07 | 句容市水产技术指导站 | Bionic giant salamander breeding system |
| CN112772555A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-05-11 | 浙江大学 | Method for improving mating rate of female and male giant salamander parents |
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2016
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111374089A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2020-07-07 | 句容市水产技术指导站 | Bionic giant salamander breeding system |
| CN112772555A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-05-11 | 浙江大学 | Method for improving mating rate of female and male giant salamander parents |
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