CN102511347B - Method for preparing rice nursling seedlings and dryly planting mature seedlings - Google Patents
Method for preparing rice nursling seedlings and dryly planting mature seedlings Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing rice nursling seedlings and dryly planting mature seedlings. The method for preparing the rice nursling seedlings comprises a seed soaking process and a seed producing process, wherein the seed soaking process comprises a preparation stage and a seed stage; the seed producing process comprises a seed stage, a nursling bud stage, a nursling seedling stage and seed producing termination; and the method for dryly planting the mature seedlings comprises a soil preparation stage before seeding, a dry seeding stage, a seedling producing stage, a continuous irrigation stage, a wetting management stage and a personalized irrigation stage. The seedling producing stage totally or partially substitutes the bud producing stage in conventional nursling seedling preparation, and bud production before seeding is changed into bud production after seeding, so that the preparation technology of the nursling seedlings is simplified, the seedling recovery period is shortened, and the heading period is ahead of time; by continuous irrigation, the growth of rice buds is promoted, the seedlings emerge regularly, and the germination rate is high; the total salt content of a soil plough layer is effectively reduced, and dry planting in saline-alkali soil becomes true; and a shallow water layer of below 3 centimeters is established before the first complete leaf is expanded to allow the rice seedlings to grow from the position below water to the position above the water, so that seedling death due to salt accumulation in the soil under a wetting management or dry management condition is effectively prevented, and the live seedling rate is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of seedling cultivation of rice cultivation, the specifically preparation of rice nurseling-seedlings and drought are planted the method for seedling.
Background technology
Straight (throwing) technology of broadcasting of rice nurseling-seedlings is a kind of light rice culture technique.This type of technology mainly has research to use at drug in some provinces such as China Shanghai, Liaoning, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Hebei at present.
The paddy rice breast bud that Jiading District in Shanghai City agricultural technology service center promotes is thrown and is planted technical essential: medication seed soaking 2 days, then vernalization is about 2 days, and rear evenly the spreading on indoor or corridor concrete floor that show money or valuables one carries unintentionally, moisture-heat preservation vernalization 4-5 days, cultivates the general 8-9 of newborn seedling days.Agricultural [technology center, Dandong City, Liaoning Province Main Cultivation Technology: seed rice is put into water soak seed, pulling control out when naturally broken chest shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally in water when seed rice does, then Plant Dynamic Force 2003 is watered 1000 times, furnishing pasty state together with the isopyknic yellow mud of grain weight, fine sand and little ash etc., mix together planting bud and clay coating, be deposited in the little shed of erecting with Polypropylence Sheet, carry out vernalization.About 7 days used times, cultivate into the newborn seedling that use is planted in throwing.The related experiment of Zhangjagang City, Jiangsu Province agricultural experiment station: medication seed soaking 2 days, then vernalization is about 2 days, and rear evenly the spreading on shady and cool concrete floor that show money or valuables one carries unintentionally, moisture-heat preservation, vernalization 4-5 days, cultivated newborn bud seedling general 8-9 days, directly throwing is in whole good paddy field.The newborn seedling technique of use is planted in the throwing of Jiangxi Province Yingtan Institute of agricultural sciences invention, sterilizes by seed soaking, and joining the techniques such as fertilizer, hot water vernalization, to make kind of paddy grow the bud seedling that 2cm grows be newborn seedling, can directly throw to be planted in the paddy field.The preparation of the rice nurseling-seedlings of Binhai Agricultural Research Institute of Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences (this seminar) invention and the method for live seedling have replaced the multiple tracks techniques such as seed soaking, vernalization, dressing (or joining fertilizer) with practicing kind method.Breast seedling preparation process is short, and type of seeding is simple, and newborn shoot survival percent is high, is convenient to management.
Above technology has all been completed the preparation of newborn seedling before broadcasting, then broadcast sowing or machine sowing on surface, whole good paddy field.Its weak point: the one, it is larger that newborn seedling is educated by institute, and can not adapt to existing wheat seeder carries out direct-sowing dry; The 2nd, all do not adopt newborn seedling drought to plant, cause a large amount of wastes of water resource because needing ground making of paddyfield.
Rice In Drought Rice Nursery kind water pipe all has report: Yang Yufeng (agrotechnical center, Yuanan County, Hubei) report in 2006 at home and abroad, Rice In Drought Rice Nursery kind water pipe means that rice paddy seed is without growing seedlings, transplanting, sow in the dry farming situation, set up again over a period to come a kind of resisting drought saving water kind broadcast mode of water layer management.This technology can solve preferably rice transplanting and delay the problem of seedling cultivation of rice, transplanting season because of drought.Wherein seed treatment, select fine day to bask seeds 3-4 days, then uses salt solution, ammonium sulfate water or yellow seed-selection with muddy water.Use again Seed soaking 3-4 days, pull the attached water that dries the surface of the seed out and can sow.Drilling or bunch planting, earthing 1.5-2cm.Water layer management: it is too early unsuitable that drought is planted the irrigation period of water pipe, should pour water in the rice seedling 4-5 sheet leaf phase.
Qureshi.A.S(Germany) report in 2006, in different innovation modes and production method, direct sowing on dry paddy field is considered to improve a kind of good selection of Rice Production system Waste water utilization efficient.This research and comparison the water resource utilization efficiency of direct-sowing dry method and traditional Rice Cropping mode.Result of study shows, the direct-sowing dry mode is compared with traditional cultivation method, and water-saving result is better, yet the direct-sowing dry method needs more work come the infringement of controlling weeds to increase rice yield.
Above direct sowing on dry paddy field is all to adopt seed to be the sowing material, and seedling stage, drought was long-time long.Its weak point: the one, because of the long-time length of drought in seedling stage, postpone the breeding time of paddy rice, mostly postpones more than 10 days; The 2nd, emergence rate is low, and the seedling rate of living is low, needs to strengthen seeding quantity; The 3rd, the expense medicine of taking a lot of work on weeds harm weighs, prevents and treats; The 4th, unit yield does not ensure, the underproduction easily occurs.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to need to broadcast for existing newborn seedling technology of preparing that front refining bud, required time are long, the little deficiency of newborn seedling specification limit of preparation, and for existing newborn seedling directly (throwing) broadcast the Technology Need mechanical water and cause the deficiency of water resource waste wholely with water wholely.With for postpone existing breeding time take seed as the direct-sowing dry technology of sowing material, emergence rate is low, live that the seedling rate is low, sowing quantity large, weeds harm is heavy, yield level is unstable, the deficiency of the easy underproduction, one is to provide a kind of preparation method of rice nurseling-seedlings; Two are to provide a kind of method that rice nurseling-seedlings drought is planted seedling.
Realize that above-mentioned purpose is by the following technical solutions: a kind of preparation method of rice nurseling-seedlings, described preparation method comprise seed soaking process and refining kind of process:
1. described seed soaking process comprises the steps:
A, preproduction phase: select the grain of rice of full grains as seed rice, having under the condition of sunlight airing 2-3 days;
B, seed stage: seed soaking time＜24h finishes seed soaking at the latest before seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally;
2. described refining kind process comprises the steps:
A, seed stage: spread on the ground one deck plant straw, the plant straw upper berths fleece that mosquito is used of setting up defences, the seed rice after the fleece upper berth is through seed soaking, laying depth is 4-5cm; Daytime: gave the seed rice shower water once in every 2 hours, stirred seed rice one time, and kept the rice husk surface moisture in every 1 hour; Night: need not to the seed rice moisturizing and stir; The water temperature of institute's moisturizing is 25-35 ℃, shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally through 10-30 hour seed, enters the newborn bud phase;
B, newborn bud stage: seed show money or valuables one carries unintentionally rear continuation moisturizing with stir newborn bud, keep the rice husk surface moisture, still moisturizing in every 2 hours once, stirred once in every 1 hour, need not moisturizing night and stir, this phase experience 36-60 hour, seminal root and coleoptile all stretch out rice husk and enter newborn seedling stage;
C, newborn seedling stage: continue moisturizing, keep the rice husk surface moisture, fine day: every moisturizing in 1.5-2.5 hour once stirred once every 1 hour daytime; Cloudy day: the moisturizing number of times with stir number of times and be less than fine day; Need not moisturizing night and stir; This experience 36-60 hour phase, the newborn seedling tailend that reaches that the method requires, the seed of this moment is used for drought and plants;
D, refining kind of end: seminal root and coleoptile all stretch out rice husk 2mm, begin for the drought kind; The long 5-30mm of seminal root, stretch out 1-5 bar adventive root, adventive root length≤3mm, the long 15-20mm of green bud, first complete leaf and be the final newborn seedling of this method before not yet launching; It is best breast seedling stage in the previous day of final newborn seedling; Breast bud and newborn seedling all stopped moisturizing in 12 hours before broadcasting.
Obtain with above-mentioned preparation method the method that the rice nurseling-seedlings drought is planted seedling, comprise the steps:
1. seedbed preparation stage: broadcast front 3-5 days, the 0-10cm topsoil does not have the region of moisture soil, the moisture creating of need to watering; Broadcast in front 24 hours drought and revolve and rake the soil level, harrow dark 5-15cm; Apply fertilizer to the subsoil before revolving rake;
2. dry sowing stage: drought is revolved sowing after rake, and seed level 10-15mm broadcasts rear suppression; Wherein: adopt artificial dry sowing, broadcast rear horse back and spray the chemical herbicide liquid, carry out soil sealing weeding; Adopt mechanical dry sowing, in the time of mechanical planting
Spray the chemical herbicide liquid
3. hardening stage: be the hardening stage within the 1-6 after broadcasting days, do not pour water in this stage; After dry sowing, taked in shallow soil layer hardening 1-2 days, then enter next stage; Broadcast the good and soil salt and alkali content of rear soil moisture content when low:
Hardening3-6 days, newborn seedling all stretches out soil, the 1st complete leaf not yet launches or minority is individual stopped hardening when just having launched, and without following continuous irrigation stage and moisture management stage, directly enters the personalized irrigation stage;
4. irrigate the stage continuously: enter continuous irrigation after hardening finishes and irrigate the stage, this stage experience 2-3 days, irrigate once every day, connects to fill with 2-3 days; Flood continuously seedling on the saline land and irrigated 2-3 days, most of rice bud exposes the soil table to be stopped irrigating; Experience 3 days spring, experience 2 days summer;
5. moisture management stage: irrigate continuously finish after, enter the moisture management stage: the field area water of draining, keep ground moistening, need not pour water; When root length 〉=4cm, the 1st complete leaf not yet launch or minority is individual when just having launched, this stage finishes, and experiences 3-5 days;
6. personalized irrigation stage: press tillage method different, the irrigation stage is divided into drought and plants water pipe and dry planting and dry administration dual mode:
Drought is planted the personalization of water pipe and is irrigated the stage, and concrete steps are:
A, fertilising
The 3 large hearts of leaf 1 are executed urea 5-7.5kg/667m
2The 5 large hearts of leaf 1 are executed urea 7.5 kg/667m
2Do not use
Long-acting sustained-release complex fertilizerMake base fertilizer,
Also needWhen the 7 leaf 1 large heart, execute urea 5.0 kg/667m
2The 9 large hearts of leaf 1 are executed urea 5.0 kg/667m
2When 3 leaves that fall reveal point, execute urea 7.5 kg/667m
2
B, irrigation
Non-saline land: continue moisture management, first pour water once before rice shoot the 1st leaf mounted blade, poured water again once before the 3rd leaf mounted blade of seedling, after the 3rd leaf mounted blade, the shoaling layer of foundation≤3cm; Rice shoot before the 4 large hearts of leaf 1, the shoaling layer of foundation≤3cm; Rice shoot reaches between the 4 large hearts of the large heart to 5 leaf 1 of leaf 1, the shoaling layer of foundation≤4cm; After the 5 large hearts of leaf 1, identical with present water paddy irrigation technology;
Saline land: before the 1st leaf mounted blade, begin to set up≤shoaling layer of 3cm, added profundal zone in initial 2-3 days; Rice shoot before the 4 large hearts of leaf 1, the shoaling layer of foundation≤3cm; Rice shoot reaches between the 4 large hearts of the large heart to 5 leaf 1 of leaf 1, the shoaling layer of foundation≤4cm; After the 5 large hearts of leaf 1, identical with present water paddy irrigation technology;
The stage is irrigated in the personalization of dry planting and dry administration, and concrete steps are:
A, fertilising
The 3 large hearts of leaf 1 are executed urea 5-7.5kg/667m
2The 5 large hearts of leaf 1 are executed urea 7.5 kg/667m
2Do not use long-acting sustained-release complex fertilizer to make base fertilizer, also need at the 7 large hearts of leaf 1, execute urea 5.0 kg/667m
2The 9 large hearts of leaf 1 are executed urea 5.0 kg/667m
2When 3 leaves that fall reveal point, execute urea 7.5 kg/667m
2
B, irrigation
Non-saline land: the rice field of the continuous irrigation of experience and moisture management, continue moisture management; First pour water once before and after rice shoot the 1st leaf mounted blade, pour water again once before and after rice shoot the 3rd leaf mounted blade; Thereafter irrigation management is with general dry land; Do not experience continuous irrigation and irrigate the rice field that directly enters the personalized irrigation stage with moisture management, first irrigated 2-3 days continuously, pour water once before and after rice shoot the 3rd leaf mounted blade again, irrigation management thereafter is with general dry land;
The saline land: the rice field of the continuous irrigation of experience and moisture management, first pour water once before and after rice shoot the 1st leaf mounted blade, pour water again once before and after the 3rd leaf mounted blade; Thereafter irrigation management is with general dry land; Do not experience continuous irrigation and irrigate the rice field that directly enters the personalized irrigation stage with moisture management, first flood continuously seedling and irrigated 2-3 days, then moisture management, pour water once before and after rice shoot the 3rd leaf mounted blade again, and irrigation management thereafter is with general dry land.
Compare with conventional method, all or part of refining bud stage that has replaced in existing newborn seedling preparation in hardening stage of the present invention, change and broadcast front refining bud for broadcasting rear hardening, simplified newborn seedling preparation technology, shortened
Seeding stage, done sth. in advance heading stage.Wherein the less newborn bud of specification or newborn seedling can adapt to existing wheat seeder sowing.Continuous irrigation of the present invention: on the one hand promoted that the rice blastogenesis is long, emerged neatly, emergence rate is high; Effectively reduced on the other hand the soil plough horizon total salt content, the saline land drought has been planted become a reality.Begin to set up the following shoaling layer of 3cm before the 1st complete leaf of the present invention launches, allow rice seedling grow on the water surface under the water surface, effectively prevented the generation of moisture management or the dead seedling of the drought pipe Soil Under Conditions accumulation of salt in the surface soil, improved seedling rate alive.
The technology of preparing characteristics of this technology rice nurseling-seedlings are: the one, and preparation technology is simple, from the preparation beginning to finishing, only takes seed soaking and practices kind of two techniques, and is simple to operate; The 2nd, preparation process is short, and from the seed soaking beginning to the overall process that is prepared into newborn seedling, short only needs 2 days, and long is no more than 6 days; The 3rd, seed soaking time is short, seed soaking time＜24 hour; The 4th, the newborn seedling specification limit that the suitable drought of preparation is planted is large, and newborn bud or newborn seedling that seminal root and coleoptile all stretch out before rice husk 2mm to the 1 leaf mounted blade all can be used for non-irrigated the kind.Drought is planted the seedling technical characterstic: the one, and after dry sowing hardening 1-6 days; The 2nd, after finishing, hardening takes continuous irrigation; The 3rd, after irrigating end continuously, take moisture management; The 4th, moisture management is taked personalized irrigation management after finishing, and wherein drought kind water pipe can begin to set up shoaling layer before rice shoot the 1st leaf mounted blade.Its evident characteristic also is: simplified the preparation technology of rice nurseling-seedlings, only adopted seed soaking and practice kind of a twice technique, seed soaking time＜24 hour can reach or near the high germination rate of this seed, the germination required time shortens more than 36 hours; The newborn seedling specification limit that suitable drought is planted is large, all exposes newborn bud before 1 complete leaf of rice husk to the launches or newborn seedling from seminal root and coleoptile and all can be used for drought and plant, and has enlarged range of application; Can utilize existing wheat seeder dry sowing individuality less newborn bud or newborn seedling, take full advantage of existing agricultural machinery resource; After dry sowing hardening 1-6 days, can improve emergence rate.Adopt the seed or the newborn bud that do not enter the newborn seedling stage to carry out the drought kind, can complete by the hardening stage after dry sowing the preparation of newborn seedling, only need to strengthen the hardening number of days of 1-3 days; Irrigate continuously during 2-3 days after dry sowing, root system is stagnated elongation, and the rice bud extends rapidly, make emerge neat, emergence rate is high, emergence rate reaches more than 90%, and can effectively reduce the soil plough horizon total salt content, general saline land all can take newborn seedling drought to plant; Irrigate continuously the moisture management after finishing, promote root system and cauline leaf harmonic growth, can not postpone because of the drought kind breeding time; Begin to set up shoaling layer before rice shoot the 1st leaf mounted blade, can improve the seedling rate of living, and can effectively prevent the dead seedling of the seedling front saline land accumulation of salt in the surface soil, the planting percent that saline land breast seedling drought is planted also can reach more than 85%; Integrate the major advantage that direct-sowing dry and newborn seedling straight (throwing) are broadcast, both reached the effect of direct-sowing dry water saving, overcome again under the direct-sowing dry condition major defects such as growth period duration of rice delay; Both reach newborn seedling straight (broadcasting) and broadcast the effect of high yield, overcome again the water major defects such as water wasting of taking a lot of work wholely.
Embodiment
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment.
One aspect of the present invention discloses a kind of preparation method of rice nurseling-seedlings, discloses on the other hand with this preparation method and has obtained the method that the rice nurseling-seedlings drought is planted seedling.
The preparation method of rice nurseling-seedlings comprises seed soaking process and refining kind of process:
1. described seed soaking process comprises the steps:
A, preproduction phase: select the grain of rice of full grains as seed rice, having under the condition of sunlight airing 2-3 days;
B, seed stage: seed soaking time＜24h also should finish seed soaking at the latest before seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally;
2. described refining kind process comprises the steps:
A, seed stage: spread on the ground one deck plant straw, the plant straw upper berths fleece that mosquito is used of setting up defences, the seed rice after the fleece upper berth is through seed soaking, laying depth is 4-5cm.Daytime: gave the seed rice shower water once in every 2 hours, stirred seed rice one time, and kept the rice husk surface moisture in every 1 hour; Night: need not to the seed rice moisturizing and stir.The water temperature of institute's moisturizing is 25-35 ℃, shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally through 10-30 hour seed, enters the newborn bud phase;
B, newborn bud stage: seed show money or valuables one carries unintentionally rear continuation moisturizing with stir newborn bud, keep the rice husk surface moisture.Still moisturizing in every 2 hours once, was stirred once in every 1 hour, and need not moisturizing night and stir, this phase experience 36-60 hour, seminal root and coleoptile all stretch out rice husk and enter newborn seedling stage, and the length that general seminal root and coleoptile all stretch out rice husk is 2mm;
C, newborn seedling stage: continue moisturizing, keep the rice husk surface moisture.Fine day: every moisturizing in 1.5-2.5 hour once stirred once every 1 hour daytime; Cloudy day: the moisturizing number of times with stir number of times and be less than fine day; Need not moisturizing night and stir; This experience 36-60 hour phase, the newborn seedling tailend that reaches that the method requires, the seed of this moment is used for drought and plants;
D, refining kind of end: seminal root and coleoptile all stretch out rice husk 2mm, begin for the drought kind; The long 5-30mm of seminal root, stretch out 1-5 bar adventive root, adventive root length≤3mm, the long 15-20mm of green bud, first complete leaf and be the final newborn seedling of this method before not yet launching; It is best breast seedling stage in the previous day of final newborn seedling; Breast bud and newborn seedling all stopped moisturizing in 12 hours before broadcasting.
The seed in breast bud stage, seminal root and coleoptile all stretch out and are directly used in drought without the newborn seedling stage after rice husk and plant; Seed also can be used for drought and plants during the stage at newborn seedling.
Seed stage institute moisturizing after refining kind of beginning is the seed soaking liquid.
Obtain with above-mentioned preparation method the method that the rice nurseling-seedlings drought is planted seedling, comprise the steps:
1. seedbed preparation stage: broadcast front 3-5 days, the 0-10cm topsoil does not have the region of moisture soil, the moisture creating of need to watering; Broadcast in front 24 hours drought and revolve and rake the soil level, harrow dark 5-15cm; Apply fertilizer to the subsoil before revolving rake; Here the base fertilizer that applies is long-acting sustained-release complex fertilizer 40kg/667m
2Perhaps diammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate and potassium sulphate mixing apply, and amount of application is followed successively by 7.5-10.0kg/667m
2, 10.0-15.0 kg/667m
2, 5.0 kg/667m
2
2. dry sowing stage: drought is revolved sowing after rake, and seed level 10-15mm broadcasts rear suppression.Wherein: adopt artificial dry sowing, broadcast rear horse back and spray the chemical herbicide liquid, carry out soil sealing weeding; Adopt mechanical dry sowing, in the time of mechanical planting
Spray the chemical herbicide liquid
3. hardening stage: be the hardening stage within the 1-6 after broadcasting days, do not pour water in this stage.After dry sowing, taked in shallow soil layer hardening 1-2 days, then enter next stage.Broadcast the good and soil salt and alkali content of rear soil moisture content when low:
Hardening3-6 days, newborn seedling all stretches out soil, the 1st complete leaf not yet launches or minority is individual stopped hardening when just having launched, and without following continuous irrigation stage and moisture management stage, directly enters the personalized irrigation stage.
4. irrigate the stage continuously: enter continuous irrigation after hardening finishes and irrigate the stage, this stage experience 2-3 days, irrigate once every day, continuous water injection 2-3 days.Flood continuously seedling on the saline land and irrigated 2-3 days, most of rice bud stops irrigating when exposing the soil table.Experience 3 days spring, experience 2 days summer.
5. moisture management stage: irrigate continuously finish after, enter the moisture management stage: the field area water of draining, keep ground moistening, need not pour water; When root length 〉=4cm, the 1st complete leaf not yet launch or minority is individual when just having launched, this stage finishes, and experiences 3-5 days.
6. personalized irrigation stage: press tillage method different, the irrigation stage is divided into drought and plants water pipe and dry planting and dry administration dual mode:
Drought is planted the personalization of water pipe and is irrigated the stage, and concrete steps are:
A, fertilising
The 3 large hearts of leaf 1 are executed urea 5-7.5kg/667m
2The 5 large hearts of leaf 1 are executed urea 7.5 kg/667m
2Do not use long-acting sustained-release complex fertilizer to make base fertilizer,
Also needWhen the 7 leaf 1 large heart, execute urea 5.0 kg/667m
2The 9 large hearts of leaf 1 are executed urea 5.0 kg/667m
2When 3 leaves that fall reveal point, execute urea 7.5 kg/667m
2
B, irrigation
Non-saline land: continue moisture management, first pour water once before rice shoot the 1st leaf mounted blade, poured water again once before the 3rd leaf mounted blade of seedling, after the 3rd leaf mounted blade, the shoaling layer of foundation≤3cm; Rice shoot before the 4 large hearts of leaf 1, the shoaling layer of foundation≤3cm; Rice shoot reaches between the 4 large hearts of the large heart to 5 leaf 1 of leaf 1, the shoaling layer of foundation≤4cm; After the 5 large hearts of leaf 1, identical with present water paddy irrigation technology;
Saline land: before the 1st leaf mounted blade, begin to set up≤shoaling layer of 3cm, added profundal zone in initial 2-3 days; Rice shoot before the 4 large hearts of leaf 1, the shoaling layer of foundation≤3cm; Rice shoot reaches between the 4 large hearts of the large heart to 5 leaf 1 of leaf 1, the shoaling layer of foundation≤4cm; After the 5 large hearts of leaf 1, identical with present water paddy irrigation technology;
The stage is irrigated in the personalization of dry planting and dry administration, and concrete steps are:
A, fertilising
The 3 large hearts of leaf 1 are executed urea 5-7.5kg/667m
2The 5 large hearts of leaf 1 are executed urea 7.5 kg/667m
2Do not use long-acting sustained-release complex fertilizer to make base fertilizer, also need at the 7 large hearts of leaf 1, execute urea 5.0 kg/667m
2The 9 large hearts of leaf 1 are executed urea 5.0 kg/667m
2When 3 leaves that fall reveal point, execute urea 7.5 kg/667m
2
B, irrigation
Non-saline land: the rice field of the continuous irrigation of experience and moisture management, continue moisture management; First pour water once before and after rice shoot the 1st leaf mounted blade, pour water again once before and after rice shoot the 3rd leaf mounted blade; Thereafter irrigation management is with general dry land; Do not experience continuous irrigation and irrigate the rice field that directly enters the personalized irrigation stage with moisture management, first irrigated 2-3 days continuously, pour water once before and after rice shoot the 3rd leaf mounted blade again, irrigation management thereafter is with general dry land;
The saline land: the rice field of the continuous irrigation of experience and moisture management, first pour water once before and after rice shoot the 1st leaf mounted blade, pour water again once before and after the 3rd mounted blade; Thereafter irrigation management is with general dry land; Do not experience continuous irrigation and irrigate the rice field that directly enters the personalized irrigation stage with moisture management, first flood continuously seedling and irrigated 2-3 days, then moisture management, pour water once before and after rice shoot the 3rd leaf mounted blade again, and irrigation management thereafter is with general dry land.
In the personalized irrigation stage, non-saline land also can be managed by the saline land.
Above disclosed be only specific embodiments of the invention; although it is not limited thereto that the present invention with better example announcement as above, invents, within not breaking away from design philosophy of the present invention and scope; the present invention is carried out various changes and retouching, within all protection scope of the present invention should being dropped on.
Claims (5)
1. the preparation method of a rice nurseling-seedlings, is characterized in that, described preparation method comprises seed soaking process and refining kind of process:
1. described seed soaking process comprises the steps:
A, preproduction phase: select the grain of rice of full grains as seed rice, having under the condition of sunlight airing 2-3 days;
B, seed stage: seed soaking time＜24h finishes seed soaking before seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally;
2. described refining kind process comprises the steps:
A, seed stage: spread on the ground one deck plant straw, the plant straw upper berths fleece that mosquito is used of setting up defences, the seed rice after the fleece upper berth is through seed soaking, laying depth is 4-5cm; Daytime: gave the seed rice shower water once in every 2 hours, stirred seed rice one time, and kept the rice husk surface moisture in every 1 hour; Night: need not to the seed rice moisturizing and stir; The water temperature of institute's moisturizing is 25-35 ℃, shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally through 10-30 hour seed, enters the newborn bud phase;
B, newborn bud stage: seed show money or valuables one carries unintentionally rear continuation moisturizing with stir newborn bud, keep the rice husk surface moisture, still moisturizing in every 2 hours once, stirred once in every 1 hour, need not moisturizing night and stir, this phase experience 36-60 hour, seminal root and coleoptile all stretch out rice husk and enter newborn seedling stage;
C, newborn seedling stage: continue moisturizing, keep the rice husk surface moisture, fine day: every moisturizing in 1.5-2.5 hour once stirred once every 1 hour daytime; Cloudy day: the moisturizing number of times with stir number of times and be less than fine day; Need not moisturizing night and stir; This experience 36-60 hour phase, the newborn seedling tailend that reaches that the method requires, the seed of this moment is used for drought and plants;
D, refining kind of end: seminal root and coleoptile all stretch out rice husk 2mm, begin for the drought kind; The long 5-30mm of seminal root, stretch out 1-5 bar adventive root, adventive root length≤3mm, the long 15-20mm of green bud, first complete leaf and be the final newborn seedling of this method before not yet launching; It is best breast seedling stage in the previous day of final newborn seedling; Breast bud and newborn seedling all stopped moisturizing in 12 hours before broadcasting.
2. the preparation method of rice nurseling-seedlings according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the seed in newborn bud stage, seminal root and coleoptile are directly used in the drought kind after all stretching out rice husk.
3. the preparation method of rice nurseling-seedlings according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the seed stage institute moisturizing after described refining kind begins is the seed soaking liquid.
4. a preparation method as claimed in claim 1 obtains the method that the rice nurseling-seedlings drought is planted seedling, it is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
1. seedbed preparation stage: broadcast front 3-5 days, the 0-10cm topsoil does not have the region of moisture soil, the moisture creating of need to watering; Broadcast in front 24 hours drought and revolve and rake the soil level, harrow dark 5-15cm; Apply fertilizer to the subsoil before revolving rake;
2. dry sowing stage: drought is revolved sowing after rake, and seed level 10-15mm broadcasts rear suppression; Wherein: adopt artificial dry sowing, broadcast rear horse back and spray the chemical herbicide liquid, carry out soil sealing weeding; Adopt mechanical dry sowing, spray the chemical herbicide liquid in the time of mechanical planting;
3. hardening stage: be the hardening stage within the 1-6 after broadcasting days, do not pour water in this stage; After dry sowing, taked in shallow soil layer hardening 1-2 days, then enter next stage; Broadcast the good and soil salt and alkali content of rear soil moisture content when low: refining bud 3-6 days, the breast seedling all stretches out soil, the 1st complete leaf not yet launches or minority is individual stops hardening when just having launched, without following continuous irrigation stage and moisture management stage, directly enter the personalized irrigation stage;
4. irrigate the stage continuously: enter continuous irrigation after hardening finishes and irrigate the stage, this stage experience 2-3 days, irrigate once every day, connects to fill with 2-3 days; Flood continuously seedling on the saline land and irrigated 2-3 days, most of rice bud exposes the soil table to be stopped irrigating; Experience 3 days spring, experience 2 days summer;
5. moisture management stage: irrigate continuously finish after, enter the moisture management stage: the field area water of draining, keep ground moistening, need not pour water; When root length 〉=4cm, the 1st complete leaf not yet launch or minority is individual when just having launched, this stage finishes, and experiences 3-5 days;
6. personalized irrigation stage: press tillage method different, the irrigation stage is divided into drought and plants water pipe and dry planting and dry administration dual mode:
Drought is planted the personalization of water pipe and is irrigated the stage, and concrete steps are:
A, fertilising
The 3 large hearts of leaf 1 are executed urea 5-7.5kg/667m
2The 5 large hearts of leaf 1 are executed urea 7.5 kg/667m
2Do not use sustained slow-release fertilizer to make base fertilizer, also need execute urea 5.0 kg/667m when the 7 leaf 1 large heart
2The 9 large hearts of leaf 1 are executed urea 5.0 kg/667m
2When 3 leaves that fall reveal point, execute urea 7.5 kg/667m
2
B, irrigation
Non-saline land: continue moisture management, first pour water once before rice shoot the 1st leaf mounted blade, poured water again once before the 3rd leaf mounted blade of seedling, after the 3rd leaf mounted blade, the shoaling layer of foundation≤3cm; Rice shoot before the 4 large hearts of leaf 1, the shoaling layer of foundation≤3cm; Rice shoot reaches between the 4 large hearts of the large heart to 5 leaf 1 of leaf 1, the shoaling layer of foundation≤4cm; After the 5 large hearts of leaf 1, identical with present water paddy irrigation technology;
Saline land: before the 1st leaf mounted blade, begin to set up≤shoaling layer of 3cm, added profundal zone in initial 2-3 days; Rice shoot before the 4 large hearts of leaf 1, the shoaling layer of foundation≤3cm; Rice shoot reaches between the 4 large hearts of the large heart to 5 leaf 1 of leaf 1, the shoaling layer of foundation≤4cm; After the 5 large hearts of leaf 1, identical with present water paddy irrigation technology;
The stage is irrigated in the personalization of dry planting and dry administration, and concrete steps are:
A, fertilising
The 3 large hearts of leaf 1 are executed urea 5-7.5kg/667m
2The 5 large hearts of leaf 1 are executed urea 7.5 kg/667m
2Do not use sustained slow-release fertilizer to make base fertilizer, also need at the 7 large hearts of leaf 1, execute urea 5.0 kg/667m
2The 9 large hearts of leaf 1 are executed urea 5.0 kg/667m
2When 3 leaves that fall reveal point, execute urea 7.5 kg/667m
2
B, irrigation
Non-saline land: the rice field of the continuous irrigation of experience and moisture management, continue moisture management; First pour water once before and after rice shoot the 1st leaf mounted blade, pour water again once before and after rice shoot the 3rd leaf mounted blade; Thereafter irrigation management is with general dry land; Do not experience continuous irrigation and irrigate the rice field that directly enters the personalized irrigation stage with moisture management, first irrigated 2-3 days continuously, pour water once before and after rice shoot the 3rd leaf mounted blade again, irrigation management thereafter is with general dry land;
The saline land: the rice field of the continuous irrigation of experience and moisture management, first pour water once before and after rice shoot the 1st leaf mounted blade, pour water again once before and after the 3rd leaf mounted blade; Thereafter irrigation management is with general dry land; Do not experience continuous irrigation and irrigate the rice field that directly enters the personalized irrigation stage with moisture management, first flood continuously seedling and irrigated 2-3 days, then moisture management, pour water once before and after rice shoot the 3rd leaf mounted blade again, and irrigation management thereafter is with general dry land.
5. drought according to claim 3 is planted the method for seedling, it is characterized in that, in the described seedbed preparation stage, revolving the base fertilizer that applies before rake is long-acting sustained-release complex fertilizer 40kg/667m
2Perhaps diammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate and potassium sulphate mixing apply, and amount of application is followed successively by 7.5-10.0kg/667m
2, 10.0-15.0 kg/667m
2, 5.0 kg/667m
2
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| 周汉良等.水稻大芽直播（乳苗抛秧）栽培技术.《现代农业科技》.2008,(第20期),191,193. * |
| 水稻乳苗抛栽研究概况及其栽培技术;马殿荣等;《辽宁农业科学》;20041231(第4期);31-33 * |
| 马殿荣等.水稻乳苗抛栽研究概况及其栽培技术.《辽宁农业科学》.2004,(第4期),31-33. |
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