CN102498664A - 用于媒体流中的数字音频样本的自适应增益控制 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种用于数字音频样本的自适应增益控制系统及相关操作方法。所述方法适于与将经编码媒体流发射到远程定位的例如媒体播放器的呈现装置的数字媒体编码系统一起使用。所述方法通过初始化媒体流的处理而开始。接着,所述方法使用快速增益自适应方案调整所述媒体流中的第一数字音频样本集的增益,从而产生在呈现期间具有经正规化音量的第一经增益调整的数字音频样本群组。所述方法通过以下操作而继续:使用不同于所述快速增益自适应方案的稳定状态增益自适应方案调整所述媒体流中的第二数字音频样本集的增益,从而产生在呈现期间具有经正规化音量的第二经增益调整的数字音频样本群组。
Description
相关申请案交叉参考
此申请案主张对2009年7月23日提出申请的第12/507,971号美国非临时申请案的优先权。
技术领域
本文中所述的标的物的实施例大体来说涉及媒体流中的数字音频样本的处理。更特定来说,所述标的物的实施例涉及数字调整媒体流中的数字音频样本的增益以使得在呈现期间所感知的音量是经正规化的。
背景技术
最近,消费者已表达出对“地点移位”装置的浓厚兴趣,所述“地点移位”装置允许在除其主要媒体呈现装置以外的位置处观看电视或其它媒体内容。地点移位装置通常将媒体内容包化,所述媒体内容可经由局域网络或广域网络发射到便携式计算机、移动电话、个人数字助理、远程电视或能够为观看者回放经包化的媒体流的其它远程装置。因此,地点移位允许消费者从例如其它房间、宾馆、办公室及/或其中便携式媒体播放器装置可获得对无线或其它通信网络的接入的任何其它位置的远程位置观看其媒体内容。
虽然地点移位确实极大地改进提供给终端用户的便捷性,但仍存在与不同媒体流在终端装置处呈现的方式相关的一些挑战。举例来说,一个媒体流中的数字音频样本可与基线或平均呈现响度或音量相关联,而另一媒体流中的数字音频样本可与不同基线/平均呈现响度或音量相关联。因此,如果用户在不同媒体流之间切换,那么所感知的响度可为不一致的,且因此用户将需要调整对呈现装置的音量控制。
可利用音量正规化技术来自动地调整用户所感知的音量。一些音量正规化技术在模拟域中操作,且其它音量正规化技术在数字域中操作。数字音量正规化技术最适于地点移位应用,因为媒体流经编码且使用数据包发射到呈现装置。遗憾地,现有数字音量正规化技术往往是低效率及/或其引入对用户来说可为杂乱的可听假象。
发明内容
本发明提供一种用于数字音频样本的自适应增益控制方法。所述方法通过初始化媒体流的处理而开始。所述方法通过以下操作而继续:使用快速增益自适应方案调整所述媒体流中的第一数字音频样本集的增益,从而产生在呈现期间具有经正规化音量的第一经增益调整的数字音频样本群组。此后,所述方法使用不同于所述快速增益自适应方案的稳定状态增益自适应方案调整所述媒体流中的第二数字音频样本集的增益,从而产生在呈现期间具有经正规化音量的第二经增益调整的数字音频样本群组。
本发明还揭示一种计算机程序产品,其有形地体现在计算机可读媒体中。所述计算机程序产品可操作以致使数字媒体处理装置针对媒体流执行操作。所述操作包含:计算所述媒体流中的当前数字音频样本块的响度估计值;计算所述当前数字音频样本块的参考增益值,所述参考增益值受所述响度估计值影响;计算所述当前数字音频样本块的最大增益值;计算所述当前数字音频样本块的经估计增益值,所述经估计增益值受所述参考增益值及所述最大增益值影响;及计算所述当前数字音频样本块的增益值,所述增益值受所述经估计增益值、所述最大增益值及所述媒体流中的先前数字音频样本块的先前增益值影响。所述计算机程序产品还可操作以致使所述数字媒体处理装置通过将所述增益值应用于所述当前数字音频样本块中的所述数字音频样本来修改所述当前数字音频样本块。在某些实施例中,所述最大增益值受所述当前数字音频样本块的动态范围影响。
本发明还提供一种用于处理媒体流中的数字音频样本的系统。所述系统包含第一调整构件,其用于使用快速增益自适应方案调整所述媒体流中的第一数字音频样本块的增益,从而产生第一经增益调整的数字音频样本块。所述系统还包含第二调整构件,其用于使用不同于所述快速增益自适应方案的稳定状态增益自适应方案调整所述媒体流中的第二数字音频样本块的增益,从而产生第二经增益调整的数字音频样本块。所述系统还包含发射构件,其用于将经增益调整的数字音频样本发射到远程定位的媒体播放器。
提供此总结是为了以简化的形式引入对下文在详细说明中进一步描述的概念的选择。此总结既不打算识别所主张标的物的关键特征或基本特征,也不打算用作确定所主张标的物的范围的帮助。
附图说明
可通过在结合以下各图考虑时参考详细说明及权利要求书来获得对标的物的更完全理解,其中在所有所述图中相同参考编号指代类似元件。
图1是媒体呈现系统的实施例的示意图;
图2是数字媒体处理装置的实施例的示意图;
图3是图解说明自适应数字增益控制过程的实施例的流程图;且
图4是图解说明数字增益计算过程的实施例的流程图。
具体实施方式
以下详细说明在性质上仅是说明性且并不打算限制标的物的实施例或此些实施例的应用及使用。如本文中所使用,词语“示范性”意指“充当实例、例子或说明”。在本文中描述为示范性的任一实施方案未必被理解为相对其它实施方案是优选的或有利的。此外,并不打算由前述技术领域、背景技术、发明内容或以下具体实施方式中所呈现的任何明确或暗示理论加以约束。
本文中可按照功能及/或逻辑块组件且参考可由各种计算组件或装置执行的操作、处理任务及功能的符号表示来描述技术及技艺。有时将此些操作、任务及功能称为计算机执行的、计算机化的、软件实施的或计算机实施的。实际上,一个或一个以上处理器装置可通过操纵表示系统存储器中的存储器位置处的数据位的电信号以及其它信号处理来实行所描述的操作、任务及功能。其中维持数据位的存储器位置是具有对应于所述数据位的特定电、磁、光或有机性质的物理位置。应了解,图中所展示的各种块组件可通过经配置以执行所规定功能的任何数目个硬件、软件及/或固件组件来实现。举例来说,系统或组件的实施例可采用各种集成电路组件,例如,存储器元件、数字信号处理元件、逻辑元件、查找表等,其可在一个或一个以上微处理器或其它控制装置的控制下实行各种功能。
当以软件或固件实施时,本文中所描述的系统的各种元件基本上是执行各种任务的码段或指令。程序或码段可存储在处理器可读媒体中或可通过体现在载波中的计算机数据信号经由发射媒介或通信路径发射。“处理器可读媒体”或“机器可读媒体”可包含可存储或传送信息的任何媒体。处理器可读媒体的实例包含电子电路、半导体存储器装置、ROM、快闪存储器、可擦除ROM(EROM)、软盘、CD-ROM、软盘、硬盘等。计算机数据信号可包含可经由发射介质传播的任何信号,例如,电子网络通道、光纤、空气、电磁路径或RF链路。所述码段可经由计算机网络下载,例如因特网、内部网络、LAN等。
根据各种实施例,相对于参考响度正规化或调平媒体流的所感知呈现响度(即,音量)以使得针对呈现装置处的恒定音量设定,以大约相同平均响度呈现不同媒体流。通过修改、调整或以其它方式更改与媒体流相关联的数字音频样本来在数字域中实行音量正规化方案。在某些实施例中,通过编码媒体流并将其发射(经由数据通信网络)到用户的媒体呈现装置(例如,膝上型计算机、电话、远程机顶盒等)的数字媒体处理装置来修改数字音频样本。在所要媒体流中将经数字正规化的音频样本发射到呈现装置,从而产生针对不同媒体流的经正规化呈现音量。值得注意的是,不需要修改所述呈现装置本身以支持此处所描述的数字音量正规化技术,因为数字音频样本是在应用数字增益调整之后到达呈现装置。
现在转向各图且初始参考图1,可利用媒体呈现系统100的示范性实施例来实行包含数字音频样本的数字媒体内容的地点移位。系统100的此特定实施例包含数字媒体处理装置(例如,地点移位编码器系统102),其从内容源106接收媒体内容122、将所接收的内容编码成流式格式,且接着经由网络110将经编码媒体流120发射到远程定位的数字媒体播放器(或其它呈现装置)104。媒体播放器104接收经编码媒体流120、对所述流进行解码且在电视或其它显示器108上将经解码的内容呈现给观看者。尽管图1中未描绘,但媒体播放器104包含至少一个扬声器、音频变换器或支持媒体流的音频部分的呈现的其它声音产生元件或与上述元件协作。在各种实施例中,也可提供服务器112以经由网络110与编码器系统102及/或媒体播放器104通信以帮助这些装置根据需要定位彼此、维持安全性、提供或接收内容或信息及/或任何其它特征。然而,此特征并非在所有实施例中均为所需的,且本文中所描述的概念可部署在任何数据流式应用或环境中(包含地点移位),还可部署在任何其它媒体或其它数据流式情形中。
编码器系统102为能够经由网络110发射经包化的媒体内容流的任何组件、硬件、软件逻辑及/或类似器件。在各种实施例中,编码器系统102并入有适合编码器及/或代码转换器(统称为“编码器”)逻辑以将音频/视频或其它媒体内容122转换成可经由网络110发射的经包化格式。媒体内容122可以任何格式接收且可从例如任何种类的广播、有线电视或卫星电视节目编排源、“视频点播”或类似源、数字视频光盘(DVD)或其它可装卸媒体、摄像机及/或类似装置的任何内部或外部内容源106接收。编码器系统102以任一方式编码媒体内容122以产生经编码媒体流120。在各种实施例中,编码器系统102含有发射缓冲器105,其在于网络110上进行发射之前暂时存储经编码数据。
实际上,编码器系统102的实施例可使用可从加利福尼亚州福斯特市的斯灵媒体(Sling Media of Foster City,California)购得的各种SLINGBOX产品中的任一者来实施,但在其它实施例中可使用其它产品。编码器系统102的某些实施例通常能够从例如任何种类的数码录像机(DVR)、机顶盒(STB)、有线电视或卫星节目编排源、DVD播放器及/或类似装置的外部内容源106接收媒体内容122。在此些实施例中,编码器系统102可另外将用以产生所要媒体内容122的命令124提供到内容源106。此些命令124可经由任何种类的有线或无线接口提供,例如仿真可由内容源106接收的远程控制命令的红外或其它无线发射器。然而,其它实施例(特别是不涉及地点移位的实施例)可修改或整个地省略此特征。
在其它实施例中,编码器系统102可集成有通常隶属于内容源106的任何种类的内容接收或其它能力。编码器系统102可为混合STB或(例如)还提供代码转换及地点移位特征的其它接收器。此装置可接收编码电视节目编排或从天线、调制解调器、服务器及/或其它源接收的其它内容的卫星、有线电视、广播及/或其它信号。编码器系统102的接收器可进一步解调或以其它方式解码所接收的信号以提取节目编排,视情况,所述节目编排可在本地观看及/或被地点移位到远程定位的媒体播放器104。就此来说,编码器系统102还可包含存储于硬盘驱动器、存储器或者其它存储媒体上的内容数据库以视情况支持个人或数码录像机(DVR)特征或其它内容程序库。因此,在一些实施例中,内容源106与编码器系统102可在物理上及/或在逻辑上含在共用组件、外壳或机壳内。
在又一些实施例中,编码器系统102包含或实施为在常规计算系统(例如,个人计算机)上执行的软件程序、小型应用程序或类似程序。在此些实施例中,编码器系统102可编码(例如)通常提供给所述计算系统的用户以供地点移位到远程位置的屏幕显示的一些或全部。一种能够提供此功能性的装置为可从加利福尼亚州福斯特市的斯灵媒体购得的在常规个人计算机上执行的SlingProjector产品,但也可使用其它产品。
媒体播放器104为能够从一个或一个以上编码器系统102接收经编码媒体流120的任何装置、组件、模块、硬件、软件及/或类似装置。在各种实施例中,媒体播放器104为个人计算机(例如,“膝上型”或类似便携式计算机,但也可使用桌上型计算机)、移动电话、个人数字助理、个人媒体播放器或类似装置。在许多实施例中,媒体播放器104为包含呈软件或固件形式的媒体播放器应用程序的通用计算装置,其能够安全地连接到编码器系统102且能够视情况接收媒体内容并将其呈现给所述装置的用户。然而,在其它实施例中,媒体播放器104为能够经由网络110的任一部分接收经编码媒体流120并解码经编码媒体流120以提供在显示器108上呈现的输出信号126的独立或其它单独硬件装置。独立媒体播放器104的一个实例为可从加利福尼亚州福斯特市的斯灵媒体购得的SLINGCATCHER产品,但可等效地使用其它产品。
网络110为能够在发送器(例如,编码器系统102)与接收器(例如,媒体播放器104)之间发射消息的任何数字或其它通信网络。在各种实施例中,网络110包含支持任何数目个通信协议的任何数目个公共或专用数据连接、链路或网络。网络110可包含(例如)因特网或者基于TCP/IP或其它常规协议的任何其它网络。在各种实施例中,网络110还并入有无线及/或有线电话网络,例如用于与移动电话、个人数字助理及/或类似装置通信的蜂窝式通信网络。网络110还可并入有任何种类的无线或有线局域网络,例如一个或一个以上IEEE 802.3及/或IEEE 802.11网络。
编码器系统102及/或媒体播放器104因此能够以任何方式(例如,分别使用任何种类的数据连接128及/或125)与网络110通信。举例来说,此通信可经由包含因特网及/或电话网络的广域链路发生;在其它实施例中,编码器系统102与媒体播放器104之间的通信可经由在概念上并入于网络110内的一个或一个以上有线或无线局域链路发生。在各种等效实施例中,编码器系统102与媒体播放器104可经由其中提供甚少或不提供其它网络功能性的任何种类的电缆(例如,以太网电缆或类似电缆)直接连接。
可基于可用计算及通信资源、消费者需求及/或任何其它因素来系统地阐述许多不同地点移位情形。在各种实施例中,消费者可希望在家、办公室或其它结构内将内容(例如)从编码器系统102地点移位到位于另一房间中的桌上型或便携式计算机。在此些实施例中,将通常经由在所述结构内操作的有线或无线局域网络提供内容流。在其它实施例中,消费者可希望经由宽带或类似网络连接将内容从原来的位置地点移位到位于第二家、办公室、宾馆或其它远程位置中的计算机或其它远程媒体播放器104。在又一些实施例中,消费者可希望经由移动链路(例如,GSM/EDGE或CDMA/EVDO连接、任何种类的3G或后续电话链路、IEEE 802.11“Wi-fi”链路及/或类似链路)将内容地点移位到移动电话、个人数字助理、媒体播放器、视频游戏播放器、汽车或其它运载工具媒体播放器及/或其它装置。可用于各种平台的地点移位应用程序的数个实例由加利福尼亚州福斯特市的斯灵媒体提供,但本文中所描述的概念可结合可从任何源购得的产品及服务使用。
图2是数字媒体处理装置(例如,编码器系统102)的实施例的示意图。再次,编码器系统102通常基于从内容源106接收的媒体内容122产生可在网络110上路由的经编码媒体流120。就此来说,且现在参考图2,编码器系统102通常结合适当控制逻辑包含编码模块202、发射缓冲器105及网络接口206,所述适当控制逻辑可与控制模块205相关联。在操作中,编码模块202通常从内部或外部内容源106接收媒体内容122、将数据编码成经编码媒体流120的所要格式且将经编码数据存储在发射缓冲器105中。网络接口206接着从发射缓冲器105检索经格式化的数据以用于在网络110上进行发射。控制模块205适宜地监视及控制分别由编码模块202及网络接口206实行的编码及网络发射过程,且还可执行其它功能。编码器系统102还可具有能够产生命令124并将其提供到内容源106的命令模块208或其它特征,如上文所描述。
如上文所提及,产生经编码媒体流120通常涉及将从内容源106接收的媒体内容122编码及/或代码转换成可在网络110上发射的适合数字格式。通常,将经编码媒体流120置成可在网络110上发射的标准或其它已知格式(例如,可从华盛顿,雷德蒙德的微软公司(Microsoft Corporation of Redmond,Washington)购得的WINDOWS MEDIA格式、QUICKTIME格式、REALPLAYER格式、MPEG格式及/或类似格式)。视情况,此编码可(例如)在任何种类的编码模块202中发生。编码模块202可为任何种类的硬件(例如,用于媒体编码的数字信号处理器或其它集成电路)、软件(例如,用于媒体编码的在编码器系统102上执行的软件或固件编程)或类似器件。编码模块202因此为从内容源106接收媒体内容122(例如,经由任何种类的硬件及/或软件接口)并将所接收的数据编码或代码转换成供在网络110上发射的所要格式的任何特征。尽管图2展示单个编码模块202,但实际上编码器系统102可包含任何数目个编码模块202。可基于媒体播放器104的类型、网络条件、用户偏好及/或类似因素而选择不同的编码模块202。
在各种实施例中,编码模块202还可在编码/代码转换过程之前或期间对所接收的内容应用其它修改、变换及/或滤波。举例来说,可对视频信号进行重新定大小、剪裁及/或斜移。类似地,可更改信号的色彩、色调及/或饱和度,及/或可应用降噪或其它滤波。在一些实施例中还可应用数字版权管理编码及/或解码,及/或可视需要应用其它特征。可通过调整取样速率、单声道/立体声参数、降噪、多声道声音参数及/或类似参数来修改音频信号。就此来说,可根据下文更详细地描述的自适应数字增益控制技术及方法来修改媒体流中的数字音频样本。此些增益控制技术可用于修改数字音频样本块以正规化用户在媒体流的呈现期间所感知的音量或响度。
网络接口206是指允许编码器系统102在网络110上通信的任何硬件、软件及/或固件。在各种实施例中,网络接口206视需要而包含适合网络堆栈编程及其它特征及/或常规网络接口(NIC)硬件,例如任何有线或无线接口。
在各种实施例中,控制模块205监视并控制分别由编码模块202及网络接口206执行的编码及发射过程。为此目的,控制模块205为能够执行此些特征的任何硬件、软件、固件或其组合。在各种实施例中,控制模块205进一步处理经由网络接口206从远程媒体播放器接收的命令(例如,通过经由命令模块208或类似模块将命令124发送到内容源106)。控制模块205还可经由网络接口206将命令发射到媒体播放器104及/或可控制或以其它方式实现编码器系统102的任何其它操作。在各种实施例中,控制模块205实施用来监视并调整编码模块202及/或网络接口206的操作以有效地将媒体流提供到媒体播放器104的控制特征。
编码模块202的某些实施例可包含或执行有形地体现在经适当配置的计算机可读媒体210中的一个或一个以上计算机程序(例如,软件)。计算机程序产品可操作以致使编码器系统102对媒体流执行某些操作,如下文参考图3及图4更详细地描述。对于此实施例,图2描绘计算机可读媒体210与控制模块205相关联,但在所有实施方案中不需要采用此关联。实际上,如果期望,可替代地(或另外)结合编码模块202利用计算机可读媒体210。如上文所提及,计算机可读媒体210可包含(但不限于):电子电路、半导体存储器装置、ROM、快闪存储器、可擦除ROM(EROM)、软盘、CD-ROM、光盘、硬盘或类似装置。
图3是图解说明自适应数字增益控制过程300的实施例的流程图,且图4是图解说明数字增益计算过程400的实施例的流程图。结合所图解说明的过程所执行的各种任务可通过软件、硬件、固件或其任一组合来执行。与所描述的过程相关联的操作及指令可由编码器系统102内的任一处理器及/或其它处理特征执行,且则用于实施所述图中所展示的各种功能中的每一者的特定构件可为执行呈任何格式的软件或基于处理器的逻辑的任何种类的处理硬件(例如,图2的控制模块205)。应了解,所描述的过程可包含任何数目个额外或替代任务或可省略一个或一个以上所图解说明的任务。此外,所述图中所展示的任务不需要以所图解说明的次序执行,且所描述的过程可并入到具有本文中未详细描述的额外功能性的更广泛的程序或过程中。
现在参考图3,当已指定新的媒体流用于编码并递送到呈现装置时,可开始自适应数字增益控制过程300。媒体流可包含多个数字音频样本或以其它方式与所述多个数字音频样本相关联。如此处所使用,数字音频样本对应于在一时间点处(或在相对短的时间周期内)获取的模拟音频信号的数字表示,如众所周知。模拟音频信号的量值被转换成数字表示,且数字音频样本包含传达所述数字表示的若干个位。在某些实施例中,一个数字音频样本由16个位表示(但实际上如果期望位数目可以多于或少于16)。根据一些实施例,针对数字音频样本的取样速率在每秒约16,000到48,000个样本的范围内,且某些实施例利用每秒32,000个样本的取样速率。
如此处所使用,样本“块”是指媒体流中所含有的样本集、群组或其它集合。一块中的样本的数目可以是任意界定的,或所述数目可经选择以与某些数据通信标准、流式媒体标准、硬件要求及/或软件要求兼容。在某些实施例中,一个数字音频样本块由1024个连续样本表示(但如果期望,每块样本的数目可以多于或少于1024)。因此,对于每秒32,000个样本的取样速率,一个数字音频样本块表示约32ms的时间。
过程300能够以实时及动态方式作出响应以适应不同媒体流(终端用户可从一个媒体流切换到另一媒体流以用于在媒体播放器上呈现)。就此来说,过程300通过初始化媒体流的处理及进入快速自适应模式(任务302)而开始。所述快速自适应模式表示本文中所描述的增益控制技术的初始训练或学习周期。实际上,所述快速自适应模式迅速地调整媒体流中的初始数字音频样本的增益,以使得用户所感知的音量可被正规化(如果需要)至少某一量。此后,编码器系统可过渡到稳定状态模式,在所述稳定状态模式期间,以更准确及受控的方式调整增益控制。
对于快速自适应模式期间的数字音频样本的处理,编码器系统利用指定的加权因数集;这些加权因数用于计算应用于数字音频样本块的增益。所述加权因数控制应用于邻近数字音频样本块的增益可不同的程度。下文参考图4更详细地描述所述加权因数及示范性增益计算方法。实际上,所述加权因数是根据经验确定的值,其可由编码器系统存取。尽管可使用任何数目个加权因数,但此特定实施例使用两个加权因数,在本文中将其标记为w1及w2。此外,w1及w2的值针对快速增益自适应方案是可变的,且w1及w2的值针对稳定状态增益自适应方案是固定的。对于此处所描述的实施例,w1及w2在快速自适应及稳定状态操作模式两者中为正且满足关系w1+w2=1.0。
在某些情形下,针对快速自适应模式的w1的值小于或等于针对稳定状态模式的w1的值,且针对快速自适应模式的w2的值大于或等于针对稳定状态模式的w2的值。在某些情形下,针对快速自适应模式及稳定状态模式两者,w1>w2。在某些情形下,针对快速自适应模式的差w1-w2小于针对稳定状态模式的差w1-w2。作为一个特定非限制性实例,在快速自适应模式中,w1=0.7且w2=0.3,且在稳定状态模式中,w1=0.9且w2=0.1。
对于某些实施例,快速自适应模式中的w1的值总是小于稳定状态模式中的w1的值(但在模式之间的过渡时,值可为相同的),快速自适应模式中的w2的值总是大于稳定状态模式中的w2的值(但在模式之间的过渡时,值可为相同的),且w1的值总是大于w2的值(针对两个模式)。此外,w1及w2的值在快速自适应模式期间不需要保持恒定。实际上,可在快速自适应模式期间将这些值调整为达到待在稳定状态模式期间使用的值。在典型实施方案中,在快速自适应模式期间,w1从一个值(举例来说,0.7)线性地增加到另一值(举例来说,0.9)且w2从一个值(举例来说,0.3)线性地下降到另一值(举例来说,0.1)。
举例来说,假设过程300针对100个音频样本块保持处于快速自适应模式中。当过程300进入快速自适应模式时,将w1及w2的值分别初始化为0.7及0.3。在第一音频样本块的增益调整之后,使w1增加且使w2降低只要过程300仍处在快速自适应模式中,w1及w2的此修改便发生在每一数字音频样本块的增益调整之后。在过程300到达快速自适应模式的结束时,w1及w2的线性调整分别产生0.9及0.1的值。此后,过程300以这些值进入稳定状态模式。在所述稳定状态自适应模式中,w1及w2不经历任何进一步改变且其保持恒定在其相应值处(对于此实例,为0.9及0.1)。稍后在某一时间点处,当该系统切换回到快速自适应模式时,w1及w2再次复位到其初始值(对于此实例为0.7及0.3)且如上文所解释发生线性调整。
返回参考图3,过程300可计算或存取针对快速自适应模式的增益加权因数(任务304),且获得用于在快速自适应模式期间处理的下一数字音频样本块(任务306)。接着,过程300通过计算当前块的增益值且根据经计算增益值调整当前块中的数字音频样本的增益(任务308)而继续。数字音频样本的此调整或修改产生在目的地媒体播放器处的呈现期间具有经正规化音量(响度)的经增益调整的数字音频样本。在任务308期间,使用对应于快速自适应模式的当前可应用的加权因数(w1及w2)来计算当前块的增益值。就此来说,只要过程300仍处于快速自适应模式中,便使用快速增益自适应方案调整数字音频样本的增益。对于此处所描述的实施例,所述增益值表示用作原始未经调整的数字音频样本值的乘数的乘性增益。因此,增益值1表示无改变,且原始数字音频样本值在增益值为1的情形下将保持不改变。
过程300以正在进行的方式将经增益调整的数字音频样本发射到远程定位的数字媒体播放器(任务310)。在某些实施例中,任务310按块发射经增益调整的数字音频样本,如众所周知。此外,经增益调整的数字音频样本通常将在还包含或以其它方式传达视频内容的媒体流中发射。在接收到之后,媒体播放器即像平常一样简单地解码所述媒体流并将其呈现给用户。媒体播放器不需要执行任何额外或特别处理来实施此处所描述的音量正规化技术,因为媒体播放器所接收的数字音频样本已经过增益调整。
如先前所提及,快速自适应模式用作新媒体流的简短训练或学习周期。因此,编码器系统可确定、检测或另外经指示以从快速自适应模式切换到稳定状态模式(询问任务312)。如果过程300检测到模式切换条件,那么其可进入稳定状态模式(任务314)。否则,过程300可返回到任务304以计算或存取w1及w2的新调整的值,获得用于处理的下一音频样本块且如先前所描述地继续。模式切换条件可与一个或任何数目个适当度量、测量或参数相关联。举例来说,快速自适应模式可在初始化当前媒体流的处理之后的预定时间周期内、在系统进入快速自适应模式之后的预定时间周期内、在于任务304中计算或检索出加权因数之后的预定时间周期内等保持有效。在典型实施方案中,快速自适应模式持续约4秒到8秒。作为另一实例,快速自适应模式可在初始化当前媒体流的处理之后针对预定数目个块(或样本)、在在系统进入快速自适应模式之后针对预定数目个块(或样本)、在于任务304中检索出加权因数之后针对预定数目个块(或样本)等保持有效。
假定编码器系统是时候切换模式,则所述过程将进入并起始稳定状态模式。所述稳定状态模式表示本文中所描述的增益控制技术的“长期”及相对稳定的周期。实际上,所述稳定状态模式在快速自适应模式已作出其初始增益调整之后接管。在稳定状态模式期间,以正在进行且准确的方式调整数字音频样本的增益,以使得用户所感知的音量相对于参考音量级保持正规化的(如果需要)。
对于稳定状态模式,过程300检索或存取针对稳定状态模式的增益加权因数(任务316),其不同于在快速自适应模式期间所使用的增益加权因数。过程300也获得用于在稳定状态模式期间处理(任务318)的下一数字音频样本块。接着,过程300通过计算当前块的增益值且根据经计算增益值调整当前块中的数字音频样本的增益(任务320)而继续。在任务320期间,使用对应于稳定状态模式的增益加权因数(w1及w2)来计算当前块的增益值。因此,只要过程300保持处于稳定状态模式中,便使用稳定状态增益自适应方案调整数字音频样本的增益,其中所述稳定状态增益自适应方案不同于快速增益自适应方案。过程300如上文针对任务310所描述将经增益调整的数字音频样本发射到远程定位的数字媒体播放器(任务322)。再次,媒体播放器不需要执行任何额外或特别处理以实施此处所描述的音量正规化技术,因为媒体播放器所感知的数字音频样本已经过增益调整。
如先前所提及,可针对每一新媒体流重复过程300。因此,编码器系统可确定、检测或另外经指示以从当前音频流切换到新音频流(询问任务324)。如果过程300检测到新媒体或音频流,那么其可初始化新媒体流的处理且再次进入快速自适应模式(任务302)。否则,过程300可返回到任务318,获得用于在稳定状态模式中处理的下一音频样本块且如先前所描述地继续。
尽管此处所描述的实施例使用两种模式(快速自适应及稳定状态),但自适应数字增益控制技术可替代地仅采用一种模式,或其可采用多于两种不同模式。两种不同模式的使用达成音频质量、有效性与正规化速度之间的良好平衡。
现在参考图4,编码器系统可在自适应数字增益控制过程300期间利用数字增益计算过程400。在快速自适应模式及稳定状态模式两者期间执行过程400(其中如先前所解释,加权因数w1及w2的值不同)。过程400可从第一数字音频样本块(其中k指示块编号)(任务402)且通过获得媒体流中的用于处理的所述数字音频样本块(任务404)而开始。过程400按块考虑数字音频样本,因为单个音频样本本身不传达固有的响度或音量信息。对于此实施例,过程400计算当前数字音频样本块的响度估计值(Lk)(任务406),其中第k个块包含N个样本:{a1、a2、a3、...、aN}。尽管可采用其它估计方法,但此处所描述的实施例根据表达式计算响度估计值,其中Lk为响度估计值,ai表示数字音频样本且当前块包含N个数字音频样本。取每一音频样本的绝对值,因为任何给定音频样本可相依于其相对于收听者的鼓膜的既定声压方向而可为正或负。因此,过程400将响度估计值计算为当前块中所含有的音频样本的“量值”的总和。
接着,可将经计算响度估计值与静默阈值进行比较(询问任务408)。静默阈值可根据经验确定及界定,以使得其足够低以充当准确阈值且足够高以预料位错误、假像、原始音频数据中的不一致性及不能检测为声音的“非零”音频样本。如果经计算响度估计值小于静默阈值,那么过程400可将乘性增益1(或任何基线值,但其可不需要近似等于1)应用于当前数字音频样本块(任务410)。换句话说,过程400假定当前块的增益值(gk)将等于1。因此,如果过程400确定当前块表示静默,那么不需要应用任何增益,且可绕过过程400的其余部分。如上文参考图3及过程300所解释,当在快速自适应模式中操作时,w1及w2的值逐块地线性地更新(任务412)。就此来说,任务412引导回到任务404,以使得过程400可获得用于处理的下一块。如果在稳定状态模式中,那么将绕过任务412。
如果询问任务408确定响度估计值不小于静默阈值,那么过程400可通过确定或计算受响度估计值影响的参考增益值(gr)(任务414)而继续。更具体来说,参考增益值是基于所述响度估计值及参考响度值。尽管可采用其它方法,但此处所描述的实施例根据表达式计算参考增益值,其中gr为参考增益值,且Lref为参考响度值。参考响度值为表示、对应于或以其它方式指示所要经正规化音量的恒定值。因此,理想地且理论上,经增益调整的数字音频样本将以对应于参考响度值的经调整的响度为特征。稍后在过程400中使用参考增益值。
过程400也可计算当前数字音频样本块的最大增益值(gm)(任务416)。尽管可采用其它方法,但此处所描述的实施例根据表达式计算最大增益值,其中n为每数字音频样本的位的数目,且其中amax为当前数字音频样本块中的最大绝对样本值。过程400以此方式确定当前块的最大可允许增益值以防止所述块的数字音频样本中的位溢出。举例来说,如果当前块包含具有近似最大样本值的相对高值的数字音频样本,那么可将极小乘性增益应用于所述样本,而不致使溢出。另一方面,如果所述块中的所有样本具有相对低值,那么可将较高乘性增益量应用于所述块。
此特定实施例还确定或计算当前数字音频样本块的经估计增益值(ge)(任务418),其中经估计增益值受参考增益值及/或受最大增益值影响。更具体来说,经估计增益值是基于参考增益值及最大增益值。尽管可采用其它技术,但此处所描述的实施例根据表达式ge=min(gr,gm)计算经估计增益值,其中ge为经估计增益值。因此,经估计增益值将等于参考增益值或最大增益值中的任何较低一者(或者如果其相同,那么等于此两者)。
接下来,过程400计算应用于当前数字音频样本块的增益值(gk)(任务420)。尽管可采用其它方法,但此处所描述的实施例根据表达式gk=min(w1×gk-1+w2×ge,gm)计算经估计增益值,其中gk为经计算增益值,且w1及w2为先前所描述的加权因数。针对gk的表达式包含选择两个值中任何较低一者(或如果其两者相同,那么选择任一者)的最小算子。第一值由项w1×gk-1+w2×ge界定,且第二值为最大增益值(gm)。如此表达式所指示,增益值将受经估计增益值、最大增益值及媒体流中的先前数字音频样本块的先前增益值(gk-1)影响。出于上文所描述的原因,此经计算增益值还将受任务414期间所计算的参考增益值影响。对于此特定实施例,响应于紧接着先前块的增益值(gk-1)确定当前块的增益值(gk)。另一选择为(或另外),可通过考虑在紧接着先前块之前的块的其它增益值来计算gk。此对先前增益值的依赖防止所应用的增益中大的块与块的变化。实际上,gk将具有从1.0到约8.0的范围的值,但在某些实施例中,可实现超过8.0的值。
接着,可将当前数字音频样本块的经计算增益值应用于所述块中的样本(任务422)。实际上,任务422修改、调整或以其它方式改变当前数字音频样本块。更具体来说,任务422通过将原始样本值与gk相乘来修改当前块中的每一样本,从而产生经增益调整的样本值。如上文参考过程300所提及,将经增益调整的样本值发送到远程定位的媒体播放器,接着其可呈现具有经正规化响度的媒体流。图4描绘任务422引导回到任务412作为对过程400的潜在正在进行的逐块性质的指示。如先前所描述,可首先针对快速自适应模式(使用经线性调整的加权因数集)执行过程400且接着针对稳定状态模式(使用固定的加权因数集)重复所述过程。
尽管已在先前详细说明中呈现至少一个示范性实施例,但应了解,存在大量变化形式。还应了解,本文中所描述的一个或多个示范性实施例并不打算以任何方式限制所主张标的物的范围、适用性或配置。而是,先前详细说明将给所属领域的技术人员提供用于实施所描述的一个或多个实施例的便捷指南。应了解,可在不背离由权利要求书界定的范围的情形下做出元件的功能及布置的各种改变,所述改变包含在申请此专利申请案时已知的等效物或可预见的等效物。
Claims (20)
1.一种用于数字音频样本的自适应增益控制方法,所述方法包括:
初始化媒体流的处理;
使用快速增益自适应方案调整所述媒体流中的第一数字音频样本集的增益,从而产生在呈现期间具有经正规化音量的第一经增益调整的数字音频样本群组;及
此后,使用不同于所述快速增益自适应方案的稳定状态增益自适应方案调整所述媒体流中的第二数字音频样本集的增益,从而产生在呈现期间具有经正规化音量的第二经增益调整的数字音频样本集。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中在初始化所述媒体流的处理之后的预定时间周期内执行调整所述第一数字音频样本集的增益。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中在初始化所述媒体流的处理之后针对预定数目个数字音频样本块执行调整所述第一数字音频样本集的增益。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中:
由16个位表示一个数字音频样本;且
由1024个数字音频样本表示一个数字音频样本块。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其进一步包括在调整所述第二数字音频样本集的增益之后:
初始化第二媒体流的处理;
使用所述快速增益自适应方案调整所述第二媒体流中的第三数字音频样本集的增益,从而产生具有经正规化呈现音量的第三经增益调整的数字音频样本群组;及
此后,使用所述稳定状态增益自适应方案调整所述第二媒体流中的第四数字音频样本集的增益,从而产生具有经正规化呈现音量的第四经增益调整的数字音频样本群组。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其进一步包括:
计算所述媒体流中的数字音频样本块的响度估计值;
将所述响度估计值与静默阈值进行比较;及
当所述响度估计值小于所述静默阈值时,将乘性增益1应用于所述数字音频样本块。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其进一步包括计算所述媒体流中的当前数字音频样本块的增益值的步骤,其中所述增益值受所述媒体流中的先前数字音频样本块的先前增益值影响。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其进一步包括:
计算所述媒体流中的数字音频样本块的响度估计值;
基于所述响度估计值及参考响度值确定参考增益值;及
计算所述数字音频样本块的增益值,其中所述增益值受所述参考增益值影响。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其进一步包括:
计算所述媒体流中的数字音频样本块的最大增益值;及
计算所述数字音频样本块的增益值,其中所述增益值受所述最大增益值影响。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中调整所述第一数字音频样本集的增益及调整所述第二数字音频样本集的增益各自包括:
获得所述媒体流中的用于处理的当前数字音频样本块;
根据表达式ge=min(gr,gm)计算所述当前数字音频样本块的经估计增益值(ge);及
根据表达式gk=min(w1gk-1+w2ge,gm)计算所述当前数字音频样本块的增益值,其中w1及w2为加权因数,w1及w2的值针对所述快速增益自适应方案为可变的,且w1及w2的所述值针对所述稳定状态增益自适应方案为固定的。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中:
w1及w2为加权因数;
w1+w2=1.0;
w1>0.0;且
w2>0.0。
12.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其进一步包括:
将所述第一经增益调整的数字音频样本群组发射到远程定位的数字媒体播放器;及
将所述第二经增益调整的数字音频样本群组发射到所述远程定位的数字媒体播放器。
13.一种计算机程序产品,其有形地体现在计算机可读媒体中,所述计算机程序产品可操作以致使数字媒体处理装置针对媒体流执行操作,所述操作包括:
计算所述媒体流中的当前数字音频样本块的响度估计值;
计算所述当前数字音频样本块的参考增益值,所述参考增益值受所述响度估计值影响;
计算所述当前数字音频样本块的最大增益值;
计算所述当前数字音频样本块的经估计增益值,所述经估计增益值受所述参考增益值及所述最大增益值影响;
计算所述当前数字音频样本块的增益值,所述增益值受所述经估计增益值、所述最大增益值及所述媒体流中的先前数字音频样本块的先前增益值影响;及
通过将所述增益值应用于所述当前数字音频样本块中的数字音频样本来修改所述当前数字音频样本块。
14.根据权利要求13所述的计算机程序产品,其中所述计算机程序产品可操作以致使所述数字媒体处理装置执行进一步的操作,所述进一步的操作包括:
将所述响度估计值与静默阈值进行比较;及
当所述响度估计值小于所述静默阈值时,将乘性增益值1应用于所述当前数字音频样本块。
18.根据权利要求17所述的计算机程序产品,其中计算所述增益值是根据表达式gk=min(w1gk-1+w2ge,gm)来执行,其中gk为所述增益值,且w1及w2为加权因数。
19.一种用于处理媒体流中的数字音频样本的系统,所述系统包括:
第一调整构件,其用于使用快速增益自适应方案调整所述媒体流中的第一数字音频样本块的增益,从而产生第一经增益调整的数字音频样本块;
第二调整构件,其用于使用不同于所述快速增益自适应方案的稳定状态增益自适应方案调整所述媒体流中的第二数字音频样本块的增益,从而产生第二经增益调整的数字音频样本块;及
发射构件,其用于将经增益调整的数字音频样本发射到远程定位的媒体播放器。
20.根据权利要求19所述的系统,其中所述第一调整构件及所述第二调整构件中的每一者经配置以:
计算所述媒体流中的当前数字音频样本块的响度估计值;
计算所述当前数字音频样本块的参考增益值,所述参考增益值受所述响度估计值影响;
计算所述当前数字音频样本块的最大增益值;
计算所述当前数字音频样本块的经估计增益值,所述经估计增益值受所述参考增益值及所述最大增益值影响;
计算所述当前数字音频样本块的增益值,所述增益值受所述经估计增益值、所述最大增益值及所述媒体流中的先前数字音频样本块的先前增益值影响;及
通过将所述增益值应用于所述当前数字音频样本块中的所述数字音频样本来修改所述当前数字音频样本块。
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CN102498664B (zh) | 2015-02-04 |
AU2010274186B2 (en) | 2014-02-13 |
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