CN102463884A - 跨骑型电动车辆 - Google Patents

跨骑型电动车辆 Download PDF

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CN102463884A
CN102463884A CN2011103582458A CN201110358245A CN102463884A CN 102463884 A CN102463884 A CN 102463884A CN 2011103582458 A CN2011103582458 A CN 2011103582458A CN 201110358245 A CN201110358245 A CN 201110358245A CN 102463884 A CN102463884 A CN 102463884A
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battery
vehicle
motor
trailing wheel
box
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CN102463884B (zh
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新出安男
中井信男
竹中正彦
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Honda Motor Co Ltd
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    • B62K5/00—Cycles with handlebars, equipped with three or more main road wheels
    • B62K5/02—Tricycles
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    • B62K5/025—Tricycles specially adapted for disabled riders, e.g. personal mobility type vehicles with three wheels power-driven
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    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明提供一种跨骑型电动车辆，能够确保较大的电池容量。跨骑型电动车辆在车身后部的左右具有后轮(8R、8L)，设有：驱动所述后轮(8R、8L)的行驶驱动用马达(32)、和配置在该马达(32)的上方的电池(51)，在所述电池(51)的一部分配置有落入所述左右的后轮(8R、8L)之间的下部电池(53)，所述下部电池(53)和所述马达(32)被分开地配置在所述后轮(8R、8L)的车轴(34)的车辆前侧和所述后轮(8R、8L)的车轴(34)的车辆后侧，在所述车身架(5)上支承有后减震器(21)的上端部，在所述后减震器(21)的下端支承有所述电池(51)和所述马达(32)。

Description

跨骑型电动车辆
技术领域
本发明涉及电动三轮车辆等跨骑型电动车辆。
背景技术
目前已知有以马达为驱动源的电动三轮车辆。该电动三轮车辆在车身架的地板后部经由滚动接头以能够在左右方向摆动的方式支承有电池支承架。在电池支承架上以能够在上下方向摆动的方式支承有摆臂的前端，在摆臂的后端轴支承有后轮。摆臂具有电动机和变速器，与后轮一起构成了摆动单元(参照专利文献1)。
专利文献1：日本特开平6-255557号公报
然而，在上述现有的电动三轮车辆中，若由于考虑到马达和轮胎的缓冲行程而设置间隙导致电池位置提高，则具有摆动单元大型化、且难以低重心化的课题。
但是，若较小且紧凑地形成电池，则电池容量受到制约。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的在于提供一种跨骑型电动车辆，能够确保较大的电池容量，实现低重心化。
为了实现上述目的，本发明的技术方案1是一种跨骑型电动车辆，在车身后部的左右具有后轮8R、8L，其特征在于，设有：驱动所述后轮8R、8L的行驶驱动用马达32、和配置在该马达32的上方的电池51，在所述电池51的一部分配置有落入所述左右的后轮8R、8L之间的下部电池53，所述下部电池53和所述马达32被分开地配置在所述后轮8R、8L的车轴34的车辆前侧和所述后轮8R、8L的车轴34的车辆后侧，在所述车身架5r上支承有后减震器21的上端部，在所述后减震器21的下端支承有所述电池51和所述马达32。
本发明的技术方案2的特征在于，与所述后轮8R、8L的后端相比，所述电池51配置在前侧。
本发明的技术方案3的特征在于，在所述电池51的上方设有货箱11，所述货箱11经由铰链69以能够向上方转动的方式被支承。
本发明的技术方案4的特征在于，所述电池51被收容在电池箱50内，所述电池箱50的左右侧壁62构成内挡泥板63。
本发明的技术方案5的特征在于，所述电池箱50在上部具有能够开闭且具有密封部件(57)的盖58，在所述电池箱50的侧壁62上设有与所述密封部件相比向左右方向外侧伸出的凸缘部65，在该凸缘部65上安装外挡泥板66。
发明的效果
根据本发明的技术方案1，在后减震器的下端支承电池和马达，所以能够进行下部电池的配置从而实现低重心化，并且能够增大电池容量。因此，由于能够增大电池容量，所以能够延长车辆的航续距离。此外，下部电池和马达被分开地配置在后轮的车轴的车辆前侧和后轮的车轴的车辆后侧，所以能够平衡良好地在车轴前后分配较大的重量。
根据本发明的技术方案2，在车辆后面冲突时通过后轮承受冲击，从而能够保护电池。
根据本发明的技术方案3，通过对货箱进行打开动作能够使电池的上方开放，所以容易进行电池的维修。
根据本发明的技术方案4，能够有效利用收容电池的电池箱，从而能够减少零部件数量。
根据本发明的技术方案5，能够以简单的构造在电池箱上连续地形成外挡泥板。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施方式的电动三轮车的侧视图。
图2是图1的货箱附近的主要部分放大图。
图3是图1的主要部分放大图。
图4是图3的俯视图。
图5是沿图3的A-A线剖视图。
图6是图5的放大图。
图7是对后挡泥板进行剖切的后视图。
图8是表示充电连接器附近的电池箱的剖视图。
图9是充电连接器附近的电池箱的立体图。
图10是表示电气设备类的框图。
图11是第二实施方式的相当于图3的主要部分放大图。
附图标记的说明
8R、8L后轮
32马达
51电池
53下部电池
34车轴
5r后部车架(车身架)
21后减震器
11货箱
69铰链
50电池箱
62侧壁
63内挡泥板
57密封部件(密封件)
58盖
65凸缘延长部(凸缘部)
66外挡泥板
具体实施方式
接着，根据附图说明本发明的实施方式。
如图1、图2所示，作为跨骑型电动车辆的电动三轮车辆1是电池驱动式电动车辆，具有带车顶的车舱4，该车舱4在前表面具有挡风玻璃2，在底面具有低床式的地板3。电动三轮车辆1具有从侧面观察时形成为U字状的车身架5。
车身架5由以下部分构成：从前端部向斜下方延伸的单独的前部车架5f；在前端下部被分成左右部分且沿着地板3相互平行地向后方延伸的左右一对的下部车架5b；从各下部车架5b的后端向斜后方上部延伸的后部车架5r；从各后部车架5r的后端向后方且稍微向斜上延伸的货箱车架5n。在前部车架5f的前端部经由转舵机构6支承有前轮7，在下部车架5b的后部的车宽方向中央部以能够摆动的方式支承有用于驱动左右的后轮8L、8R的动力单元9。并且，在货箱车架5n上设有货箱11。因此，货箱11位于动力单元的上方，在动力单元9附近配置有作为驱动轮的后轮8R、8L。另外，在下部车架5b和后部车架5r上支承有座椅10。
如图2所示，货箱11位于动力单元9的上方、也就是位于后述的电池单元31的上方，该货箱11经由设在货箱11的基部侧的铰链69而被以能够向上方转动的方式支承。具体而言，车身架5的货箱车架5n在货箱11的基部侧与货箱11本身一起沿前后被分割，在该分割部分上设有铰链69。在货箱11处于水平姿势时，货箱车架5n的被分割的部分相互干涉从而限制货箱车架5n的进一步的转动，在货箱11处于垂直姿势的状态下，货箱车架5n被未图示的钩固定而能够维持垂直状态。在该状态下打开后述的电池箱50的盖58，从而进行内部的维修。当货箱11处于水平状态时，货箱车架5n的被分割的部分相互干涉从而限制货箱11的进一步的转动，所以能够支承施加在处于水平姿势的货箱11上的向下的载荷。在此，在货箱11上设置有收纳箱22。(在图2、图3中省略图示)。
转舵机构6具有安装在前部车架5f前端且在上下方向延伸的头管12。在头管12上能够旋转地安装有未图示的转向轴。在转向轴的下端安装有前叉13，在该前叉13的下端支承有前轮7。
在转向轴的上端安装有车把柱14，在该车把柱14的上端安装有车把手15。
如图3、图4所示，在下部车架5b、5b的后端部之间，以能够相对于下部车架5b、5b在前后方向以规定角度范围摆动的方式安装有向下方延伸的链环16。在链环16的下端部的摆动轴S上，以相对于链环16能够在上下方向摆动的方式安装有沿着车宽方向中央部向后方延伸的摆动接头17。
摆动接头17具有：一端被链环16支承的接头箱18；接头轴19，其被插入到该接头箱18的另一端侧、且被安装成能够以向后方延伸的轴线R为中心相对于接头箱18进行相对转动。该接头轴19和动力单元9的下壁45(参照图5)之间通过左右一对的悬挂板20、20被连结。由此，接头轴19，也就是说动力单元9以接头轴19的轴线R为中心以能在左右方向摆动的方式被支承在摆动接头17的接头箱18上。
在摆动接头17的接头箱18的上部设置有下部托架23。在后部车架5r、5r上架设有未图示的横梁，在横梁的车宽方向中央部设置有上部托架24。在这些上部托架24与下部托架23之间安装有后减震器21。
动力单元9具有：配置在下部的马达单元30；电池单元31，配置在马达单元30的上部、通过连结螺栓28而固定在马达单元30上。在马达单元30的下壁45的前部通过上部螺栓25、25而在前后两个部位固定各悬挂板20的上部，各悬挂板20的下部通过下部螺栓26、26而于前后两个部位安装在接头轴19的后部安装部27(参照图5)上。
由此，马达单元30通过链环16以能够在上下方向摆动的方式支承在摆动接头17上。因此，动力单元9是由马达单元30和通过连结螺栓28固定在该马达单元30上的电池单元31而成为一体的，并且，该动力单元9相对于车身架5以经由摆动轴S能够在上下方向摆动的方式被支承，还以经由接头轴19能够以接头轴19的轴线R为中心在左右方向摆动的方式被支承。
如图5、图6所示，马达单元30主要具有：驱动后轮8R、8L的行驶驱动用马达32；连接在后轮8R、8L上的差动齿轮37；收容马达32和差动齿轮37的铸铝制的马达箱33。
马达32是三相交流马达，位于后轮8R、8L的车轴34的后方、并且配置在与车辆左右方向的中心相比靠右侧。在马达32的小齿轮35上通过副轴齿轮36连接有差动齿轮37的齿轮架。在差动齿轮37的左右的侧齿轮上安装有左右的终端轴38、38，在左右的终端轴38、38上分别安装有后轮8R、8L。左右的终端轴38、38构成车轴34。在此，差动齿轮37与车辆左右中心方向的中心相比靠左侧配置，从而减小与同样作为重量物的马达32在车宽方向上的重量平衡的偏差。
马达箱33是至少前侧的上部开口的部件，在上部周缘部具有箱安装座39(后部可以被封闭)。在该箱安装座39上紧固有插通到电池单元31的连结螺栓28，从而马达箱33被安装在电池单元31上。马达箱33的后部右侧作为马达32的配置部位而向后方突出，在两壁部41的下部具有差动轴承42。在马达箱33的前部设置有收容凹部44，该收容凹部44用于收容电池箱50的前部、即后述的鼓出部60。
马达箱33具有箱安装座39，该箱安装座39在侧壁41安装电池箱50的周壁。在收容凹部44的前部的下壁45设置有未图示的固定部，该固定部通过上部螺栓25、25在前后两个部位固定有各悬挂板20的上部。在收容凹部44的内侧壁沿上下方向设有导轨29。
如图6所示，在马达箱33的左侧的侧壁41的后部设置有鼓出部46，该鼓出部46在终端轴38的周围向外侧伸出，在该鼓出部46中收容有差动齿轮37的一部分。与该鼓出部46对应地，左侧的后轮8L的辐条部47形成为从轮胎的宽度方向中心向外侧偏离，利用左侧的后轮8L的辐条部47与侧壁41的鼓出部46的内表面之间的空间配置了鼓式制动装置48。鼓式制动装置48通过滑履49a推压设在后轮8L的辐条部47上的鼓49。
其结果，差动齿轮37的一部分与鼓式制动装置48一起进入左后轮8L的轮胎宽度内。此外，在右侧的侧壁41上也设置有鼓出部46，右侧的后轮8R的辐条部47也形成为从轮胎的宽度方向中心向外侧偏离，在右侧的后轮8R的辐条部47与侧壁41的鼓出部46的内表面之间的空间配置了鼓式制动装置48。
如图3、图4所示，电池单元31具有电池箱50和收容在电池箱50内的锂离子式电池51。电池51由上部电池52和下部电池53(构成电池51的一部分)构成，其中，上部电池52位于后轮8R、8L的车轴34的上方，下部电池53在该上部电池52的前侧的下部落入左右的后轮8R、8L之间，且配置在车轴34的前侧。因此，马达32和下部电池53被分开地配置在后轮8R、8L的车轴34的车辆前侧和后轮8R、8L的车轴34的车辆后侧。
上部电池52与后轮8R、8L的后端相比配置在前侧。在此，电池51是将两个上部电池52和一个下部电池53串联连接而构成的。这些上部电池52和下部电池53分别是将多个电池组串联连接而构成的。这些上部电池52、52和下部电池53串联连接，产生例如48V～72V的高电压，通过从后述的充电连接器80供给的电力而被充电。
电池箱50由在上部具有开口部55的箱主体54和对开口部55进行封闭的盖58构成。在箱主体54的前部的底壁75上，与下部电池53相对应地以收容下部电池53的方式形成有向下侧伸出的鼓出部60。在鼓出部60的两侧壁的外表面沿上下方向分别安装有滑动件61。该滑动件61以能够在上下方向滑动的方式嵌合在设于马达箱33的收容凹部44的内侧壁上的导轨29中。
在设于电池箱50的上方的盖58的前部，且在车宽方向中央部，设有向后方伸出并开口的空气取入管道70。另外，在盖58的后部且在车宽方向中央部一体形成有冷却风扇71和排出管道72，其中，冷却风扇71吸引并排出用于冷却下部电池53的内部空气，排出管道72朝向后方开口。
在箱主体54的内部形成有相对于空气取入管道70弯曲且朝向下方的空气导入通路73，在安装了盖58的状态下，该空气导入通路73与盖58的空气取入管道70连通。空气导入通路73通过设于箱主体54的内部的分隔壁74而被形成在分隔壁74与电池箱50的前壁64之间，分隔壁74延伸到箱主体54的鼓出部60的底壁75附近，在分隔壁74的下端与底壁75之间形成了导入口76。
如图7所示，箱主体54的鼓出部60以外的左右的侧壁62、62位于后轮8R、8L的内侧，且与后轮8R、8L接近地配置，侧壁62的一部分构成为后轮8R、8L的内挡泥板63。
在箱主体54的开口部55的周缘形成有凸缘部56。盖58经由密封部件57并通过螺栓59固定在该凸缘部56上。因此，通过拆下螺栓59并取下盖58能够使开口部55开放，只要紧固螺栓59就能够利用盖58封闭开口部55。
凸缘部56具有侧缘部分与密封部件57的配置位置相比向左右方向外侧伸出的凸缘延长部65。在该凸缘延长部65上通过挡泥板螺栓67而安装有外挡泥板66。外挡泥板66构成为具有：紧固在电池箱50的箱主体54的凸缘延长部65上的上缘凸缘部66a；与上缘凸缘部66a相连且向下侧折弯的连结部66b；从连结部66b向水平方向的外侧伸出且在前后方向形成为弧状的挡泥板主体66c。
由于车辆行驶时的行驶风及后轮8R、8L的旋转而产生的气流能够沿着作为内挡泥板63而发挥作用的箱主体54的侧壁62及外挡泥板66流动，从而冷却电池箱50。
如图8、图9所示，在电池箱50的箱主体54的后壁79上，设置有隔成连接器收容部81的壁部82，该连接器收容部81用于在后方收容充电连接器80。在壁部82上形成有凹部83。在凹部83上以能够开闭的方式安装有上端被支承的盖罩84，在将盖罩84锁闭时，壁部82成为连续的面。
在凹部83的底壁85配置有供外部设备的充电插头插入的充电连接器80。充电连接器80经由防水、防尘用的密封橡胶86而固定在底壁85上。充电连接器80的周围被密封橡胶86的周壁87覆盖。从充电连接器80延伸的电气配线88贯穿设在壳主体54的后壁79上的垫圈(grommet)89，延伸到箱主体54内。
在盖罩84上设有钥匙锁90。在凹部83的底壁85上设有锁孔93，在锁闭罩盖84并通过钥匙91转动操作钥匙锁90时，该锁孔93供钥匙锁90的卡定部92卡合。
如图3、图4所示，在车身架5的下部车架5b与后部车架5r的连接部位、且在车宽方向中央部，通过螺栓安装有12V辅机类、及向控制用电池供给电压的辅助电池77。在电池箱50的前壁64的车宽方向中央部的上部外表面通过螺栓安装有DC-DC转换器(DC-DC)94，该DC-DC转换器94用于使电池51的电压下降从而对辅助电池77进行充电。DC-DC转换器在前表面具有散热用的纵翅片95。
在电池箱50的内部，在箱主体54的分隔壁74的车宽方向中央部的上部通过螺栓安装有对马达32的驱动电路进行开启、关闭的接触器(CON)96，在该接触器96的下侧通过螺栓安装有对电池51进行充放电控制的电池管理单元(BMU)97。在位于电池箱50的前侧的马达箱33的前壁68的车宽方向中央部通过螺栓安装有控制单元100。
控制单元100是一体连结开关单元(驱动器)即动力驱动单元(PDU)98、和ECU99的单元，其中，动力驱动单元98用于驱动马达32，ECU99对电池管理单元97和动力驱动单元98进行控制。向ECU99输入设在车把手15上的加速手柄的加速开度信号，根据该加速开度信号控制电池管理单元97和动力驱动单元98。此外，ECU99不仅接受加速开度信号，还接受来自各种传感器类的信号，并输出各种辅机类的控制信号。
因此，如图10所示，来自电池51的电力通过与未图示的主开关连动的接触器96而被供给到动力驱动单元98，在动力驱动单元98中被从直流转换成三相交流之后，被供给到三相交流马达即马达32。此外，来自电池51的输出电压经由DC-DC转换器94而被降压，并被供给到辅助电池77。
电池51的充放电状况和温度等由电池管理单元91监视、并且该信息与ECU99共享。除了向ECU99输入加速开度信号以外，还输入来自各种传感器类的信号信息，根据这些信息，ECU99经由动力驱动单元98而对马达32进行驱动控制。从外部的供电设备经由充电连接器80向电池51供给电力。
根据上述实施方式，由于在后减震器21的下端支承将电池单元31和马达单元30连结起来的动力单元9，所以除了能够配置上部电池52以外，还能够配置下部电池53。
因此，与仅设有上部电池52的情况相比，增加了下部电池53，相应地能够实现低重心化并且能够增加电池容量，从而能够延长电动三轮车辆1的续航距离。
此外，位于车身下部侧的具有重量的下部电池53和马达32被分开地配置在后轮8R、8L的车轴34的车辆前侧和后轮8R、8L的车轴34的车辆后侧，所以能够在车轴34的前后平衡性良好地分配较大的重量。
与后轮8R、8L的后端相比，上部电池52配置在前侧，所以，在车辆后面冲突时，通过后轮8R、8L承受冲击，能够保护电池51、特别是上部电池52免受冲击。
在电池单元31的上方设有货箱11，货箱11与车身架5的货箱车架5n一起经由铰链69被能够向上方转动地支承。因此，通过对货箱11进行打开工作，能够开放电池单元31、也就是开放上部电池52及下部电池53的上方。因此，能够拆下盖58的螺栓59，从箱主体54取下盖58，容易地进行电池51及其他收容部件的维修。
电池51收容在电池箱50内，电池箱50的左右侧壁62构成内挡泥板63，所以，能够有效利用收容电池51的电池箱50，从而能够减少零部件数量。
在电池箱50的凸缘部56上设有向左右方向外侧伸出的凸缘延长部65，在该凸缘延长部65上设有外挡泥板66，所以能够以简单的构造使外挡泥板66与电池箱50连续地形成。
此外，车辆行驶时的行驶风及通过后轮8R、8L的旋转而产生的气流沿着作为内挡泥板63而发挥作用的电池箱50的侧壁62及外挡泥板66流动，所以能够有助于提高电池箱50的冷却性能。
接着，根据图11说明本发明的第二实施方式。
关于该本实施方式，构成动力单元9的电池箱50和马达箱33的结构不同。在电池箱50的箱主体54上、且在后侧的底壁75上形成有鼓出部60’，与之相应地，在马达箱33的后部形成有收容凹部44’。此外，在马达箱33的前部配置有马达32，该马达32和收容在电池箱50的箱主体54的鼓出部60’中的下部电池53被分开地配置在后轮8R、8L的车轴34的车辆前侧和后轮8R、8L的车轴34的车辆后侧。
此外，鼓出部60’配置在后侧，所以排出管道72、空气取入管道70、空气导入通路73以及分隔壁74的位置在前后与第一实施方式相反。此外，在本实施方式中，与后轮8R、8L的后端相比，电池51也位于前侧。再有，关于其他结构及作用与第一实施方式相同，所以对相同部分标以相同附图标记而省略说明。
在本实施方式中，除了具有上述第一实施方式的效果以外，位于车身下部侧的具有重量的马达32和下部电池53被分开地配置在后轮8R、8L的车轴34的车辆前侧和后轮8R、8L的车轴34的车辆后侧，所以能够在车轴34的前后平衡性良好地分配较大的重量。
此外，本发明不限于上述实施方式，例如，也能够适用于电动四轮车辆。另外，电池不限于锂离子电池，也可以使用镍氢电池、铅电池等可充电的二次电池。
而且，对设置充电连接器80并通过外部的商用充电装置进行充电的情况进行了说明，但也能够采用通过家用电源进行充电的形式。这种情况下，如图1的虚线所示，可以在连接器收容部81中与电线一起收纳100V用的插头P，另外，也可以将座椅10的座椅靠背10b向前侧放倒，在背面侧收纳100V用的插头P及电线。此外，在使用100V用的插头P的情况下，在电池箱50的内部设置转换器。

Claims (5)

1.一种跨骑型电动车辆，在车身后部的左右具有后轮(8R、8L)，其特征在于，设有：驱动所述后轮(8R、8L)的行驶驱动用马达(32)、和配置在该马达(32)的上方的电池(51)，在所述电池(51)的一部分配置有落入所述左右的后轮(8R、8L)之间的下部电池(53)，所述下部电池(53)和所述马达(32)被分开地配置在所述后轮(8R、8L)的车轴(34)的车辆前侧和所述后轮(8R、8L)的车轴(34)的车辆后侧，在所述车身架(5r)上支承有后减震器(21)的上端部，在所述后减震器(21)的下端支承有所述电池(51)和所述马达(32)。
2.如权利要求1所述的跨骑型电动车辆，其特征在于，与所述后轮(8R、8L)的后端相比，所述电池(51)配置在前侧。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的跨骑型电动车辆，其特征在于，在所述电池(51)的上方设有货箱(11)，所述货箱(11)经由铰链(69)以能够向上方转动的方式被支承。
4.如权利要求1～3中的任一项所述的跨骑型电动车辆，其特征在于，所述电池(51)被收容在电池箱(50)内，所述电池箱(50)的左右侧壁(62)构成内挡泥板(63)。
5.如权利要求4所述的跨骑型电动车辆，其特征在于，所述电池箱(50)在上部具有能够开闭且具有密封部件(57)的盖(58)，在所述电池箱(50)的侧壁(62)上设有与所述密封部件相比向左右方向外侧伸出的凸缘部(65)，在该凸缘部(65)上安装外挡泥板(66)。
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