CN102440126A - Farming and soil improving combined technology applied to winter wheat yielding cultivation - Google Patents
Farming and soil improving combined technology applied to winter wheat yielding cultivation Download PDFInfo
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- CN102440126A CN102440126A CN2010105075650A CN201010507565A CN102440126A CN 102440126 A CN102440126 A CN 102440126A CN 2010105075650 A CN2010105075650 A CN 2010105075650A CN 201010507565 A CN201010507565 A CN 201010507565A CN 102440126 A CN102440126 A CN 102440126A
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Abstract
The invention provides a 'farming and soil improving combined technology applied to winter wheat yielding cultivation' (technology in short). After winter wheat is harvested, bacterial manure is applied onto wheat straw prepared to be returned to field, the straw and bacterial manure are buried into a plough layer during plantation, green manure seeds are spread onto surface of ploughed land, green manure plants and the wheat straw which is unburied and completely revealed on the ground are smashed during winter wheat sowing operation by virtue of rotary tillage, thus the 'technology' is completed. When the technology is applied to planting of winter wheat and after the technology is applied with novel farm equipment in a matching way, the bacterial manure buried into the plough layer, the wheat straw and green manure plants can be converted into nitrogen, phosphors and potassium elements, and the following effects can be realized: 1, the problem that farmers have no organic fertilizer to plant the winter wheat can be solved; 2, content of soil organic matter can be obviously increased; 3, usage amount of diammonium phosphate can be reduced by 5kg/mu; 4, farming investment can be saved; and 5, straw returning resource is utilized again, and environmental pollution (as the wheat straw is burned or abandoned) can be reduced.
Description
Technical field: early eighties land contract in last century is to the family, and the vast farmers masses enthusiasm of tilling the land is given full play to, and grain-production is good harvest year after year, and solid foundation has been established in back economic construction in order to reform and open up to the outside world.
Background technology: in 1981 three times more than ten years till now, huge effect has been brought into play in grain-production in the development of the national economy.Because of economic development, agricultural structure adjustment, the peasant economy source from single kind change diversified farming over to; Again because of chemical fertilizer in recent years; Capital goods in the agricultural sector such as seed and agricultural machinery are ploughed, kind, receipts, expense significantly appreciates, and is example with current plantation winter wheat area, every mu of (667m
2) 200 yuan of net income less thaies, (detailed calculated omission) this result also will not have major natural disasters in favourable weather (for the crops) and could realize in the time period.
In this agricultural production of plantation winter wheat, because of having fertilizer, most of peasant household can not use, for the grains of producing more; The heavy dressing chemical fertilizer occurred, gently executed or the phenomenon of organic fertilizer not, grain-production is increasing to the chemical fertilizer degree of dependence; Plantation winter wheat soil chemical fertilizer usage amount is risen in unit are year by year; Cause crops excessive growth, disease-resistant, cold tolerance variation, ripening rate low, quality descends, and therefore causes kind of a ground cost also rising year by year.
Even more serious is long-term a large amount of use chemical fertilizer in farmland and fertilizer sowing amount deficiency or does not apply; Consequently most important land resources soil with organic matter content (distinguishing agrotechnical center rational application of fertilizers soil result of laboratory test according to me the shows) granular structure that descends is year by year decomposed and is difficult to and forms in the agricultural production, soil structure is hardened coordinate water, fertilizer, heat energy power and protect fertile soil moisture conservation variation.
Return crop stocks to the field; The agriculture production technology that this binomial of green manuring increases soil organic matter content just begins to advocate popularization when the seventies in last century " people's commune "; Because be mainly used in the collective farm animal of feeding at winter wheat stalk at that time, also be ground into coccoid and mix feed in the feed collective pig, sheep, stalks such as corn and Chinese sorghum are used for the masses and make a fire and cook; The root of stalk is all sorted out with burning a heatable brick bed heating in the winter time when ploughing, and not can be used for also field so there is stalk.The green manure plant of plantation is imbedded sower that the mixture that constitutes with soil after the plow layer makes " building " and the tractor-drawn of the animal-drawn position of burying and is stopped; The 10-20m that advances during the operation of sowing winter wheat will clear up the green manure plant; Make winter wheat sowing near can't carrying out, it is blank basically therefore to plant in the winter wheat application facet afterwards.
Summary of the invention: in 1981 three times more than ten years till now, vast farmers people life level is greatly improved, as makes a fire to cook and used gas range, electromagnetic oven etc.; The domestic animals of raising such as pig are fed with concentrated feed, so stalk such as wheat and corn Chinese sorghum goes out of use and phenomenon such as in wheatland, burn on the spot, cause environmental pollution; The wasting of resources is constantly brought forth new ideas because of agricultural machinery again and is developed, and especially the rotary tillage sower uses in the winter wheat plantation; Because of it has rotary tillage and sows the function of accomplishing simultaneously, the grass when the rotary tillage operation in the wheatland is broken by powder (stirring), according to this phenomenon; The applicant is through 2 years viewing tests, to when learning the book information with reference to the agricultural cience and farming techniques aspect; " kind in the winter wheat high-yield cultivating, the used ground and the technology of combining of increasing soil fertility " (the abbreviations technology down) that sum up is specific as follows: after the winter wheat harvesting, spread fertilizer over the fields the become thoroughly decomposed bacterial manure of effect of quickening straw, every mu of about 2-3 kilogram of consumption are arranged preparing to go back (craft) on the wheat straw in field; Straw and bacterial manure are embedded in the dark plow layer of 30cm when ploughing for the first time; Subsequently (craft) the green manure seed is sprinkling upon the surface of ploughing later, soil, (green manure is in the pregnant flower bud early flowering season to the green manure seed at this moment, says from application green manure aspect through the plant of growth in about 30-40 days (when contrasting the green manure plant strain growth according to observations root system wheat stalk is had accelerate becoming thoroughly decomposed effect) the high 20-30cm of one-tenth; The tender nutrient content of cauline leaf children is high; Blend easily when being easy to decompose the rotary tillage operation) and do not buried the wheat straw that is exposed at ground by pressure, when the operation of rotary tillage sowing winter wheat, the two is broken by powder (stirring); The limit rotating side is broadcast, and has so just accomplished this " technology ".
Can use this " technology " need carry out farm machinery improvement function aspects research manufacturing when two places (craft) is spread fertilizer over the fields the work of bacterial manure and green manure seed and planted winter wheat in the foregoing for a long time in order to reduce.For example: during the arable land plough tool anterior (because of bacterium few consumption) can be designed to atomizing or spraying type device, rear design miniature seeding machine sowing green manure seed.Because of above two kinds of devices (manufacturing simple in structure and application technology ripe) can carry a certain amount of bacterial manure and green manure seed, so just solved " technology " in application facet: bacterial manure and green manure seed spread fertilizer over the fields difficulty and because of practical problems such as the little purchases nowhere of single household's consumption.Utilization mechanical technique means both can reduce hand labor, can make this " technology " to deliver to huge numbers of families' field again, brought into play it for a long time to economic benefit and social benefit that agricultural production produced.
Above-mentioned bacterial manure and green manure seed exist to be bought inconvenient and " technology " is difficult to problem such as prolonged application and can is able to solve with following method.In the zone that is applicable to content described in " technology "; Each county (district) agriculture authorities calculate required bacterial manure and green manure seed consumption according to institute's jurisdiction winter wheat cultivated area; Buy with the grain direct subsidies are unified, collaborative agricultural technology service department is dispensed into each villages (towns).Elect the tractor tractor driver that every village 2-3 name oneself has tractor and ensures the quality of products in the ploughing work midium or long term by villagers' committee; Agricultural management department puts on record in the villages (towns); And identifying the quality responsibility book of implementing " technology ", peasant household is responsible for supervising the implementation of, and this technological prolonged application is gone down.(above content is that running and the operator scheme of imagination after bacterial manure device and the success of sowing green manure seed device are sprayed in test and processing on tractor is ploughed the plough tool).
Because of using about 300 kilograms of every mu of weight of straw in this " technology ", about 1000 kilograms of every mu of fresh and tender green manure plant that produces of green manuring (because of green manure plant size and the high low weight of water content change) weight, the two use is in planting winter wheat soil; Through microbial decomposition; Become thoroughly decomposed the nitrogen of generation, phosphorus; Therefore constituent contents such as potassium (quoting agrotechnical related data and result of calculation) approximate 5 kilograms of diammonium phosphate content, and every mu of corresponding minimizing of chemical fertilizer usage amount is 5 kilograms.Through returning crop stocks to the field; Green manuring has solved peasant household does not have the problem that fertilizer can be used; To return crop stocks to the field; (the part straw goes out of use or phenomenon such as burning the causes the wasting of resources) green manuring of can turning waste into wealth utilizes the photo-thermal resource, and (because of 70-80 days left and right sides free time was arranged from harvesting winter wheat to plantation winter wheat wheatland) is to solve the not enough effective means of the fertilizer source of manure.Above-mentioned binomial measure and the fertilizer that produces have replenished little or do not use problems such as the reduction of chemical fertilizer service efficiency, soil compaction, the content of organic matter that cause descend year by year, environmental pollution because of fertilizer amount of application in soil.
What is more important: plantation winter wheat is used " technology " back straw and green manure changes into fertilizer composition and organic matter; Help that soil aggregate forms and culture fertility (soil organic matter content is a fertile soil degree important indicator) this just make behind the plantation winter wheat the soil aspect the ground of the lasting utilization of resources, soil organic matter renewal accumulation aspect strengthened; Thereby strengthen the preserving soil moisture feeder capability; Accomplish that kind of ground combines with increasing soil fertility; Support when promptly planting, fat up kind, for the crops good quality and high output creates favorable conditions.
Because of 5 kilograms of every mu of Shaoshi diammonium phosphate, be worth about 15 yuan, use rotary tillage sower autumn sowing winter wheat and reduce tractor-ploughing once; Pay about 30 yuan of tractor-ploughing expense less, two additions are paid 45 yuan altogether less, deduct purchase bacterial manure; The green manure seed is invested about 20 yuan, can economize on the use of funds about 25 yuan altogether for every mu.Soil organic matter content constantly increases in the prolonged application " technology ", unit are, and fertilizer amount still has bigger decline space.Will rotate crops with other crop rotation behind the plantation winter wheat 3-5, and increase soil organic matter content in " technology " and reduce the chemical fertilizer usage amount, and in shifting agriculture production, all planted other kind crops soils and still can bring into play its technology content.Be exactly in brief kind of other crops plough kind of " thin ", support during plantation winter wheat " fertilizer " applications " technology " this just make plantation winter wheat this agricultural production trend is low drops into, low consumption, low pollution, benign development road capable of circulation.
Description of drawings: this specification does not have the accompanying drawing content blank.
Embodiment: this " technology " test under the high plateau land occupation condition of the Long Dong of Gansu Province area loess is accomplished.Before and after July 1, gathered in winter wheat, to front and back winter wheat sowing completion on September 20 and completion simultaneously, about 70-80 of time spent days.Subitem explanation below:
Behind 1, winter wheat maturation, combine or other harvesting machinery are all evenly shed in wheatland through straw after the threshing in the harvesting operation in 25-30cm place apart from ground of winter wheat straw, reduce water evaporates because of straw covers (summer, effect when the drought was obvious) ground.
2, late July (because of reasons such as green manuring in advance or postpone) before and after; Cover in the wheatland (craft) at straw and spread fertilizer over the fields bacterial manure 2-3 kilogram; Can promote that straw becomes thoroughly decomposed; Straw is embedded in the dark upper strata of 30cm when the tractor ploughing work subsequently; Plough deeply ploughing and weeding cross the surface, soil spread fertilizer over the fields (craft) green manure seed 2-3 kilogram (testing with the green manure kind specifically is the mustard that rues, and it is a kind of oil crop, except that seed complete stool have special stench flavor to have high temperature resistant fowl poultry not eat disease-resistant characteristic such as pest-resistant be the first-selected kind of green manuring) green manuring
Before and after 3, early or mid September, must use rotary tillage sower plantation winter wheat, because when the rotary tillage operation, the carrier green manure plant of green manure and the straw that has not been buried by pressure are broken by powder (stirring) when the rotary tillage operation.This just makes the plow layer bottom of plantation winter wheat form spongiform small holes, and excess in the upper and deficiency in the lower soil moisture conservation is protected fertile, produced when winter, straw became thoroughly decomposed heat winter wheat is survived the winter and turns green in advance (according to observations and contrast) positive effect is arranged.
The non-uniform phenomenon of emerging appears in above-mentioned " technology " when planting winter wheat soil tractor seeding operation switch area (being commonly called as two, ground); Form small pieces vacant lot; Trace it to its cause and be: do not become thoroughly decomposed straw with do not pulverize the green manure plant on a small quantity and gone into position, ground band by sower when the operation of machine sowing winter wheat and become due to the rickle; The author tests the long 110m of wheatland of usefulness, wide 16m, area 1760m
2, 5 places have appearred, amount to 3m
2But winter wheat yields is unaffected in the unit are; The combine tire rolls seal and adjacent no application to wheatland during application " technology " back harvesting winter wheat; " technology " wheatland is compared; The former is than dark about one times of the latter (saying that according to the tractor driver this piece wheatland that the harvesting author plants will reduce firmly position of shelves), and this is explanation just, and the loosing soil degree is big.
Claims (1)
1. " the kind ground of in the winter wheat high-yield cultivating, using and the technology of combining of increasing soil fertility " (abbreviation technology down)." technology " experiment the time is: during the winter wheat harvesting after the threshing straw shed subsequently in wheatland; During the arable land on wheat straw (craft) spread fertilizer over the fields bacterial manure; Broadcast sowing the green manure seed at mold ground surface (craft), through 30---40 days growth, the rotary tillage sower is when the operation of sowing winter wheat; Green manure plant and not buried complete primary school wheat straw bar by whole pressures broken by powder (stirring) when the seeding operation, seeding operation is accomplished and is accomplished.
The material that above-mentioned this " technology " is used has; Wheat straw, bacterial manure, the context that green manuring produces after 30-40 grows into green manure carrying agent green manure plant and the farm machinery that match are used.The 1st of application independent right: material is used and the protection of supporting farm machinery order request in " technology ".
" technology " wants the large tracts of land promotion and application in agricultural production, and which type of method of using is delivered to huge numbers of families' field, and need to solve: bacterial manure is few because of consumption, and volume is little, sheds difficulty by hand, and also there are the problems referred to above in the green manure seed and buy phenomenon nowhere.Therefore on the tractor plough tool in farming " technology " soil, plough the anterior manufacturing installation of tool and spray the bacterial manure device; Plough tool rear portion is made sowing green manure seed device is installed, and has so just produced and will develop this phenomenon of repacking tractor plough tool when " technology " is applied to plant this agricultural production of winter wheat.Therefore apply for the 2nd of appurtenance: be applied to the protection of design of " technology " tractor plough tool spraying type device and seeding apparatus and manufacturing license.
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| CN2010105075650A CN102440126A (en) | 2010-10-02 | 2010-10-02 | Farming and soil improving combined technology applied to winter wheat yielding cultivation |
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| CN2010105075650A CN102440126A (en) | 2010-10-02 | 2010-10-02 | Farming and soil improving combined technology applied to winter wheat yielding cultivation |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102783287A (en) * | 2012-05-28 | 2012-11-21 | 山西农业大学 | Rainwater-collecting, water-storing and drought-resisting method for fallow period of one-cropping-one-year dryland wheat zone |
| CN104396486A (en) * | 2014-10-27 | 2015-03-11 | 山东省农作物种质资源中心 | Winter wheat planting method |
| RU2552368C1 (en) * | 2013-11-18 | 2015-06-10 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение "Северо - Кавказский зональный научно-исследовательский институт садоводства и виноградарства" | Method of soil desalination for vineyards |
| CN104823645A (en) * | 2015-04-20 | 2015-08-12 | 唐兴龙 | Method for cultivating zinc-rich wheat |
| RU2673127C2 (en) * | 2017-04-21 | 2018-11-22 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение "Прикаспийский аграрный федеральный научный центр Российской академии наук" (ФГБНУ "ПАФНЦ РАН") | Method of cultivating winter wheat with application of growth simulators in conditions of arid zone of the northwest pre-caspian area |
| US11107017B2 (en) * | 2013-09-23 | 2021-08-31 | Farmobile, Llc | Farming data collection and exchange system |
| RU2802798C2 (en) * | 2021-11-17 | 2023-09-04 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Дагестанский федеральный исследовательский центр Российской академии наук | Method for reducing the damage to winter wheat plants by root rot in energy-accumulating soil maintenance system |
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2010
- 2010-10-02 CN CN2010105075650A patent/CN102440126A/en active Pending
Cited By (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102783287A (en) * | 2012-05-28 | 2012-11-21 | 山西农业大学 | Rainwater-collecting, water-storing and drought-resisting method for fallow period of one-cropping-one-year dryland wheat zone |
| US11410094B2 (en) | 2013-09-23 | 2022-08-09 | Farmobile, Llc | Farming data collection and exchange system |
| US11361260B2 (en) | 2013-09-23 | 2022-06-14 | Farmobile, Llc | Farming data collection and exchange system |
| US11941554B2 (en) | 2013-09-23 | 2024-03-26 | AGI Suretrack LLC | Farming data collection and exchange system |
| US11507899B2 (en) | 2013-09-23 | 2022-11-22 | Farmobile, Llc | Farming data collection and exchange system |
| US11151485B2 (en) | 2013-09-23 | 2021-10-19 | Farmobile, Llc | Farming data collection and exchange system |
| US11107017B2 (en) * | 2013-09-23 | 2021-08-31 | Farmobile, Llc | Farming data collection and exchange system |
| US11361261B2 (en) | 2013-09-23 | 2022-06-14 | Farmobile, Llc | Farming data collection and exchange system |
| US11164116B2 (en) | 2013-09-23 | 2021-11-02 | Farmobile, Llc | Farming data collection and exchange system |
| US11126937B2 (en) | 2013-09-23 | 2021-09-21 | Farmobile, Llc | Farming data collection and exchange system |
| RU2552368C1 (en) * | 2013-11-18 | 2015-06-10 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение "Северо - Кавказский зональный научно-исследовательский институт садоводства и виноградарства" | Method of soil desalination for vineyards |
| CN104396486A (en) * | 2014-10-27 | 2015-03-11 | 山东省农作物种质资源中心 | Winter wheat planting method |
| CN104396486B (en) * | 2014-10-27 | 2016-06-22 | 山东省农作物种质资源中心 | A kind of implantation methods of winter wheat |
| CN104823645A (en) * | 2015-04-20 | 2015-08-12 | 唐兴龙 | Method for cultivating zinc-rich wheat |
| RU2673127C2 (en) * | 2017-04-21 | 2018-11-22 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение "Прикаспийский аграрный федеральный научный центр Российской академии наук" (ФГБНУ "ПАФНЦ РАН") | Method of cultivating winter wheat with application of growth simulators in conditions of arid zone of the northwest pre-caspian area |
| RU2802798C2 (en) * | 2021-11-17 | 2023-09-04 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Дагестанский федеральный исследовательский центр Российской академии наук | Method for reducing the damage to winter wheat plants by root rot in energy-accumulating soil maintenance system |
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Application publication date: 20120509 |