CN102428812A - Ecological restoration method of waste dump vegetation - Google Patents
Ecological restoration method of waste dump vegetation Download PDFInfo
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- CN102428812A CN102428812A CN201110278761XA CN201110278761A CN102428812A CN 102428812 A CN102428812 A CN 102428812A CN 201110278761X A CN201110278761X A CN 201110278761XA CN 201110278761 A CN201110278761 A CN 201110278761A CN 102428812 A CN102428812 A CN 102428812A
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Abstract
An ecological restoration method of waste dump vegetation is provided, comprising the steps of leveling waste dump and sowing vegetation, wherein the specific steps are as follows: using tailings sands to fill gaps of crushed stones on the slope and plane of the waste dump; using mountain surface soil to cover the crushed stones till that the crushed stones are covered completely; irrigating the waste dump till that the mountain surface soil on surface of the waste dump is wet completely; sowing herbs on the slope of the waste dump; planting seabuckthorn in the middle of the slope; planting Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings on the lower part of the slope; planting cotton climbing plants at the root of the slope; planting Robinia pseudoacacia on the plane; and normally managing the vegetation on the other positions. The invention solves the problem that lots of the tailings are stacked, reduce usage amount of the soil and reduce engineering cost; different plants are planted on different positions of the slope of the waste dump; due to the optimal distribution method, the germination rate of the vegetation and survival rate of the seedlings are improved; the restoration effect of the waste dump vegetation is improved effectively and the ecological environment in the mine area is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the ecological recovery method of a kind of refuse dump vegetation, belong to ecology of mining areas and recover the field.
Background technology
The refuse dump is that the discarded object that the mining industry exploitation stays is stacked the place; Be made up of matrix such as hard, the stone that hardens, the grains of sand, general waste-rock yard side slope slope is than 1:1.3, about mesa width 2.0m; Highly generally can be divided into 3-4 ladder according to the refuse dump stacking, about each stepped vertical height 20m.The refuse dump has not only taken a large amount of soils and farmland, has also destroyed plant and ecoscape simultaneously.Some mining areas have tied up a large amount of soils and farmland for a long time because of mining activity, cause the farmland underproduction or total crop failure, and the water and soil loss of part mining area, desertification are seriously.
China's main mining area abandoned land technology of reclaiming at present relates generally to the following aspects:
⑴ reclaim with the improvement of plant.Mainly the resistance of reclaiming with plant is improved, as carrying out Mycorrhizal through inoculation ectotrophic mycorrhiza fungi or to seedling, perhaps inoculated with VA mycorrhizal fungi and azotobacter are simultaneously perhaps adopted the measures such as biobag that special-purpose planting given birth to glass or bank protection is used;
⑵ the base material improvement of reclaiming and distinguish in mining slash.Comprise the physicochemical environment of improving matrix, need use a large amount of soil moved in to improve the originals to cover like the soil moved in to improve the original improved method; The ashes that utilize rubbish and coal to burn back (generating back) add NaOH as soil-repairing agent, are used for the technology of stabilizing heavy metal; Improve methods such as mine tailing nutrient, moisture through adding materials such as wormcast, water-loss reducer; Carry out base material improvement with red mud+CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND+excess sludge or phosphogypsum powder+activated sludge powder+paper pulp+water-loss reducer+Cosan+gummi arabicum pulveratum etc. as cladding material.
Yet; How can promote prior art or method large tracts of land most important; This not only relates to the source of modifying agent, also will consider the difficulty of technological field conduct, the height of Financial cost, the ecological effect that will improve from the angle of sustainable development consideration of environment simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
The present invention be directed to existing mining area ecological environment and destroy problem serious and that be difficult to recover, provide a kind of and practice thrift soil, reduce the ecological recovery method of the refuse dump vegetation of ecological recovery cost.This method is to choose specific plant according to preferred arrangement the diverse location of refuse dump to be carried out the vegetation plantation.
Realize that above-mentioned purpose adopts following technical scheme: the ecological recovery method of a kind of refuse dump vegetation, said method comprise sowing two aspects of the smooth and vegetation of refuse dump, and its concrete steps are,
(1) place is smooth:
A, adopt CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND to fill the rubble space on the domatic and plane, refuse dump, the height that is filled to the rubble exposed part is 5-15cm;
B, with the mountain skin soil of peeling off in the mining process rubble is covered, covered fully to rubble, thickness of earth covering is 20-30cm;
(2) plantation of vegetation:
The mountain skin soil of a, pouring place to field ground surface is drenched fully;
B, in the place the different vegetation of plantation: domatic top, refuse dump sowing herbaceous plant alfalfa, butch clover and eight treasures (choice ingredients of certain special dishes) red-spotted stonecrop, the domatic middle part sea-buckthorn of planting, the lower slope locust tree nursery stock of planting, the cotton class of toe planting site is climbed up by holding on to plant, platform plantation locust tree;
Water every other day before the alfalfa on c, domatic top and butch clover emerge, and irrigate, the back Routine Management of emerging; The vegetation Routine Management of other positions gets final product.
The kind method for planting of diverse location vegetation is following:
A, domatic top: alfalfa and butch clover are adopted to loose and execute mode, and alfalfa is every 667m
2Sowing 1.2Kg seed covers mountain skin soil 3-4cm, and butch clover is every 667m
2Sowing 0.8Kg seed covers mountain skin soil 2-3cm; Eight treasures (choice ingredients of certain special dishes) red-spotted stonecrop root band Tu Tuo transplants, and the soil diameter that sticks together is 8-10cm, and spacing in the rows and line-spacing are respectively 0.3cm, plum blossom shape layout, and seedling age 2-3, implantation depth is more than or equal to 0.3m;
B, domatic middle part and lower slope: sea-buckthorn and locust tree are bunch planting, and the plum blossom shape is arranged, 2 strains of every cave, and the cave distance is 0.5m, seedling age 2-3, implantation depth is more than or equal to 0.3m; The long 10-15cm of nursery stock root;
C, toe: the spacing in the rows that the cotton class in ground is climbed up by holding on to plant is 0.6m;
D, platform: locust tree is bunch planting, 2 strains of every cave, and the plum blossom shape arranges that the cave distance is 0.5m, seedling age 2-3, the long 10-15cm of nursery stock root, implantation depth is more than or equal to 0.3m.
Mountain skin soil is the massif topsoil of peeling off in the outdoors iron ore recovery process.
CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND is that particle diameter is less than 300 purpose iron tailings.
Compare with existing situation, the invention solves the problem of iron tailings bulk deposition, reduced the usage amount of soil moved in to improve the original, reduce engineering cost; Domatic diverse location is planted different sections purpose plant in the refuse dump; Adopt preferred arrangement, improve emergence rate of vegetation and the survival rate of nursery stock, have tangible society, ecology and economic benefit; Effectively improve the revegetation effect of refuse dump, improved mining area ecological environment.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is further specified.
The ecological recovery method of this refuse dump provided by the present invention vegetation comprises sowing two aspects of the smooth and vegetation of refuse dump, and its concrete steps are,
(1) place is smooth:
A, adopt CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND to fill the rubble space on the domatic and plane, refuse dump, the height that is filled to the rubble exposed part is 5-15cm;
B, with the mountain skin soil of peeling off in the mining process rubble is covered, covered fully to rubble, thickness of earth covering is 20-30cm, and its best thickness of earth covering is 25cm;
(2) plantation of vegetation:
The mountain skin soil of a, pouring place to field ground surface is drenched fully;
B, in the place the different vegetation of plantation: domatic top, refuse dump sowing herbaceous plant alfalfa, butch clover and eight treasures (choice ingredients of certain special dishes) red-spotted stonecrop, the domatic middle part sea-buckthorn of planting, the lower slope locust tree nursery stock of planting, the cotton class of toe planting site is climbed up by holding on to plant, platform plantation locust tree;
Water every other day before the alfalfa on c, domatic top and butch clover emerge, and gravy with meat or vegetables poured over rice or noodles, the back Routine Management of emerging; The vegetation Routine Management of other positions gets final product.
The kind method for planting of diverse location vegetation is following:
A, domatic top: alfalfa and butch clover are adopted to loose and execute mode, and alfalfa is every 667m
2Sowing 1.2Kg seed covers mountain skin soil 3-4cm, and butch clover is every 667m
2Sowing 0.8Kg seed covers mountain skin soil 2-3cm, makes mountain skin soil that seed is covered fully, and earthing can guarantee the emergence rate of seed after the sowing seed like this; Eight treasures (choice ingredients of certain special dishes) red-spotted stonecrop root band Tu Tuo transplants, and the soil diameter that sticks together is 8-10cm, and spacing in the rows and line-spacing are respectively 0.3cm, plum blossom shape layout, and seedling age 2-3, implantation depth is more than or equal to 0.3m;
B, domatic middle part and lower slope: sea-buckthorn and locust tree are bunch planting, and the plum blossom shape is arranged, 2 strains of every cave, and the cave distance is 0.5m, seedling age 2-3, implantation depth is more than or equal to 0.3m; The long 10-15cm of nursery stock root;
C, toe: the spacing in the rows that the cotton class in ground is climbed up by holding on to plant is 0.6m; Wherein the most representative is Boston ivy;
D, platform: locust tree is bunch planting, 2 strains of every cave, and the plum blossom shape arranges that the cave distance is 0.5m, seedling age 2-3, the long 10-15cm of nursery stock root, implantation depth is more than or equal to 0.3m.
Nursery stock adopts the plum blossom shape to arrange among the present invention, is in order to prevent that precipitation from directly washing away along domatic dirty topsoil is caused.The sea-buckthorn locust tree carries out requirement to root length and seedling age, and 2 strains of every cave, can guarantee that every cave becomes 1 strain alive at least, thereby guarantee afforestation effect.
Mountain skin soil is the massif topsoil of peeling off in the outdoors iron ore recovery process.
CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND is that particle diameter is less than 300 purpose iron tailings.
The vegetation that is applied in the disclosed recovering method of the present invention is the kind that the applicant obtains through repetition test; The applicant is in order to practice thrift cost; All adopt local common floristics to plant; But the vegetation that can realize this ecological recovery method also not only is confined to this several plant; Every employing method for arranging of the presently claimed invention and filling, covering method carry out ecological recovery, and belong to same section with the disclosed vegetation of the present invention, all should drop within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. the ecological recovery method of a refuse dump vegetation is characterized in that, said method comprises sowing two aspects of the smooth and vegetation of refuse dump, and its concrete steps are,
(1) place is smooth:
A, adopt CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND to fill the rubble space on the domatic and plane, refuse dump, the height that is filled to the rubble exposed part is 5-15cm;
B, with the mountain skin soil of peeling off in the mining process rubble is covered, covered fully to rubble, thickness of earth covering is 20-30cm;
(2) plantation of vegetation:
The mountain skin soil of a, pouring place to field ground surface is drenched fully;
B, in the place the different vegetation of plantation: domatic top, refuse dump sowing herbaceous plant alfalfa, butch clover and eight treasures (choice ingredients of certain special dishes) red-spotted stonecrop, the domatic middle part sea-buckthorn of planting, the lower slope locust tree nursery stock of planting, the cotton class of toe planting site is climbed up by holding on to plant, platform plantation locust tree;
Water every other day before the alfalfa on c, domatic top and butch clover emerge, and irrigate, the back Routine Management of emerging; The vegetation Routine Management of other positions gets final product.
2. the ecological recovery method of refuse dump according to claim 1 vegetation is characterized in that, the kind method for planting of diverse location vegetation is following:
A, domatic top: alfalfa and butch clover are adopted to loose and execute mode, and alfalfa is every 667m
2Sowing 1.2Kg seed covers mountain skin soil 3-4cm, and butch clover is every 667m
2Sowing 0.8Kg seed covers mountain skin soil 2-3cm; Eight treasures (choice ingredients of certain special dishes) red-spotted stonecrop root band Tu Tuo transplants, and the soil diameter that sticks together is 8-10cm, and spacing in the rows and line-spacing are respectively 0.3cm, plum blossom shape layout, and seedling age 2-3, implantation depth is more than or equal to 0.3m;
B, domatic middle part and lower slope: sea-buckthorn and locust tree are bunch planting, and the plum blossom shape is arranged, 2 strains of every cave, and the cave distance is 0.5m, seedling age 2-3, implantation depth is more than or equal to 0.3m; The long 10-15cm of nursery stock root;
C, toe: the spacing in the rows that the cotton class in ground is climbed up by holding on to plant is 0.6m;
D, platform: locust tree is bunch planting, 2 strains of every cave, and the plum blossom shape arranges that the cave distance is 0.5m, seedling age 2-3, the long 10-15cm of nursery stock root, implantation depth is more than or equal to 0.3m.
3. the ecological recovery method of refuse dump according to claim 1 vegetation is characterized in that, said mountain skin soil is the massif topsoil of peeling off in the outdoors iron ore recovery process.
4. the ecological recovery method of refuse dump according to claim 1 vegetation is characterized in that, said CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND is that particle diameter is less than 300 purpose iron tailings.
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| CN 201110278761 CN102428812B (en) | 2011-09-20 | 2011-09-20 | Ecological restoration method of waste dump vegetation |
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| CN 201110278761 CN102428812B (en) | 2011-09-20 | 2011-09-20 | Ecological restoration method of waste dump vegetation |
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| CN102428812B CN102428812B (en) | 2013-06-12 |
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Cited By (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103283437A (en) * | 2013-05-01 | 2013-09-11 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Method for planting sea-buckthorn in gobi of alpine regions |
| CN103733822A (en) * | 2013-01-05 | 2014-04-23 | 孙德森 | Seed sowing method for ecological management plants |
| CN104170627A (en) * | 2014-08-19 | 2014-12-03 | 张家港市绿岩生态技术有限公司 | Biological anchoring protecting technology applicable to mountains |
| CN104541872A (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2015-04-29 | 浙江伟达园林工程有限公司 | Mining area afforestation and reclamation method |
| CN104719116A (en) * | 2015-04-20 | 2015-06-24 | 华北理工大学 | Artificial soil matrix and preparation method and application for artificial soil matrix |
| CN105724006A (en) * | 2016-02-02 | 2016-07-06 | 大连地拓重工有限公司 | Mine-wasteland vegetation ecological recovery method |
| CN106034456A (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2016-10-26 | 华能伊敏煤电有限责任公司 | Reclaiming and earthing method for mudstone dump slope |
| CN107242091A (en) * | 2017-07-26 | 2017-10-13 | 中冶华天工程技术有限公司 | The method for recovering vegetation on the discarded ground of troilite |
| CN107624292A (en) * | 2016-07-18 | 2018-01-26 | 西北农林科技大学 | The construction method and refuse dump Reclaimed Soil of the new structure soil body in refuse dump |
| CN109601272A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-04-12 | 西藏俊富环境恢复有限公司 | A kind of slag, rubble quality slope vegetation restoration method |
| CN110026430A (en) * | 2019-04-12 | 2019-07-19 | 云南农业大学 | A kind of ecological recovery method in land reclamation in mining area |
| CN110558137A (en) * | 2019-10-10 | 2019-12-13 | 龙川县林业科学研究所 | method for afforestation of abandoned mine field |
| CN110754161A (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2020-02-07 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Ecological restoration method for abandoned bare land in open coal mine area |
| CN111543135A (en) * | 2020-05-26 | 2020-08-18 | 辽宁排山楼黄金矿业有限责任公司 | Artificial filler-free lithagogue pit bare land habitat restoration method for rock dumping field |
| CN112088604A (en) * | 2020-08-06 | 2020-12-18 | 包头钢铁（集团）有限责任公司 | Vegetation recovery method suitable for refuse dump in alpine and arid regions |
| CN113040018A (en) * | 2021-03-09 | 2021-06-29 | 神华北电胜利能源有限公司 | Microorganism-plant combined remediation method suitable for opencast coal mine refuse dump |
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| CN201581405U (en) * | 2009-12-16 | 2010-09-15 | 孙明文 | Biological bag |
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Cited By (21)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103733822A (en) * | 2013-01-05 | 2014-04-23 | 孙德森 | Seed sowing method for ecological management plants |
| CN103733822B (en) * | 2013-01-05 | 2015-09-30 | 孙德森 | A kind of ecological management plant seeding method |
| CN103283437B (en) * | 2013-05-01 | 2014-10-15 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Method for planting sea-buckthorn in gobi of alpine regions |
| CN103283437A (en) * | 2013-05-01 | 2013-09-11 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Method for planting sea-buckthorn in gobi of alpine regions |
| CN104170627B (en) * | 2014-08-19 | 2016-08-17 | 张家港市绿岩生态技术有限公司 | It is applicable to the biological anchoring guard technology of massif |
| CN104170627A (en) * | 2014-08-19 | 2014-12-03 | 张家港市绿岩生态技术有限公司 | Biological anchoring protecting technology applicable to mountains |
| CN104541872A (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2015-04-29 | 浙江伟达园林工程有限公司 | Mining area afforestation and reclamation method |
| CN104719116B (en) * | 2015-04-20 | 2017-06-27 | 华北理工大学 | A kind of artificial soil matrix and its compound method and application |
| CN104719116A (en) * | 2015-04-20 | 2015-06-24 | 华北理工大学 | Artificial soil matrix and preparation method and application for artificial soil matrix |
| CN105724006A (en) * | 2016-02-02 | 2016-07-06 | 大连地拓重工有限公司 | Mine-wasteland vegetation ecological recovery method |
| CN106034456A (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2016-10-26 | 华能伊敏煤电有限责任公司 | Reclaiming and earthing method for mudstone dump slope |
| CN107624292A (en) * | 2016-07-18 | 2018-01-26 | 西北农林科技大学 | The construction method and refuse dump Reclaimed Soil of the new structure soil body in refuse dump |
| CN107242091A (en) * | 2017-07-26 | 2017-10-13 | 中冶华天工程技术有限公司 | The method for recovering vegetation on the discarded ground of troilite |
| CN109601272A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-04-12 | 西藏俊富环境恢复有限公司 | A kind of slag, rubble quality slope vegetation restoration method |
| CN110026430A (en) * | 2019-04-12 | 2019-07-19 | 云南农业大学 | A kind of ecological recovery method in land reclamation in mining area |
| CN110026430B (en) * | 2019-04-12 | 2021-10-08 | 云南农业大学 | Ecological restoration method in mining area land reclamation |
| CN110558137A (en) * | 2019-10-10 | 2019-12-13 | 龙川县林业科学研究所 | method for afforestation of abandoned mine field |
| CN110754161A (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2020-02-07 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Ecological restoration method for abandoned bare land in open coal mine area |
| CN111543135A (en) * | 2020-05-26 | 2020-08-18 | 辽宁排山楼黄金矿业有限责任公司 | Artificial filler-free lithagogue pit bare land habitat restoration method for rock dumping field |
| CN112088604A (en) * | 2020-08-06 | 2020-12-18 | 包头钢铁（集团）有限责任公司 | Vegetation recovery method suitable for refuse dump in alpine and arid regions |
| CN113040018A (en) * | 2021-03-09 | 2021-06-29 | 神华北电胜利能源有限公司 | Microorganism-plant combined remediation method suitable for opencast coal mine refuse dump |
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