CN113040018A - Microorganism-plant combined remediation method suitable for opencast coal mine refuse dump - Google Patents
Microorganism-plant combined remediation method suitable for opencast coal mine refuse dump Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/14—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing organic compounds only
Abstract
The invention discloses a microorganism-plant combined remediation method suitable for an opencast coal mine refuse dump, which comprises the steps of mixing grass seeds of leguminous plants and gramineous plants according to the proportion of 1 (1-2) of the seeding rate to obtain a grass seed mixture, and sowing the grass seed mixture in the opencast coal mine refuse dump in 5-6 months. The method disclosed by the invention can improve the diversity of plants, promote the improvement of soil and the growth of plants, prevent the secondary damage to the soil of a refuse dump under the condition of no addition of exogenous chemical fertilizers and enhance the stability of an ecological system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of agricultural planting, and relates to a microorganism-plant combined remediation method suitable for an opencast coal mine refuse dump.
Background
Coal mining brings great benefits to economic development of China, and meanwhile, various ecological problems occur frequently, and certain damage is caused to land and ecological environment. The advantages of safety and the like of open-pit mining compared with underground mining are obvious, but the mining and dumping process of the coal mining process has great damage to the original landform of the earth surface, and the soil in the dumping field formed by stripping the surface soil is poor in structure and fertility, is not beneficial to the growth of vegetation, and causes ecological imbalance. In recent years, ecological restoration and environmental sustainable development in mining areas have become hot issues of social attention.
Microbial remediation technology is considered to be a low-cost, high-efficiency method, which has been applied to ecological management of mining areas. The rhizosphere microorganism-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) is proved to have an important role in ecological restoration, and can increase the survival rate of vegetation, improve the land reclamation efficiency and the like. The AMF has positive effects on nutrient (such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like) absorption of plants and enzyme activity (such as phosphatase, urease and the like) improvement, and hypha secretions of the AMF can also enhance the stability of soil aggregates, improve the air permeability and water retention of soil and improve the soil quality. The vegetation recovery is the key of ecological comprehensive treatment in mining areas, so that the exploration of a suitable artificial vegetation planting mode has important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at the soil quality problem of the open-pit mine dump, researches different vegetation planting modes of the inner Mongolia Ceylor union victorious open-pit mine dump and the ecological improvement effect after AMF inoculation, improves species diversity, promotes soil improvement and plant growth, enhances the stability of an ecosystem and provides an optimal planting mode for microorganism-plant combined restoration for ecological restoration of a mining area by researching and analyzing vegetation growth and soil nutrient conditions and utilizing a plant and microorganism combined restoration technology.
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a microorganism-plant combined remediation method suitable for an opencast coal mine refuse dump, which comprises the steps of mixing grass seeds of leguminous plants and gramineous plants according to the proportion of 1 (1-2) of sowing amount to obtain a grass seed mixture, and sowing the grass seed mixture in the opencast coal mine refuse dump in 5-6 months.
In some embodiments, in the above methods, the legume is selected from one or more of sarwang (Astragalus adsurgerns Pall.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.).
In some embodiments, in any of the methods described above, the legume is sarwania and alfalfa; preferably, the grass seed number ratio of the shazhawag to the alfalfa is 1: 1.
In some embodiments, the method of any one of the above, wherein the gramineae is selected from one or more of old mango wheat (Elymus sibiricus Linn.), Bromus formosanus (Bromus inermis Leys.), Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvel), and wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn.); preferred is Miscanthus amabilis (Elymus sibiricus Linn.).
In some embodiments, in any of the methods described above, the gramineae is awn, brome, fescue, and wheatgrass; preferably, the grass seed number ratio of the old awn wheat, the awnless brome, the leymus chinensis and the wheatgrass is 1:1:1: 1.
In some embodiments of any of the above methods, the grass seed mixture has a seeding density of 19.99 to 20.09g/m2Preferably 20.09g/m2。
In some embodiments, the method of any of the above, further comprising the step of mixing the grass seed mixture with an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculum prior to sowing.
In some embodiments, in the above method, the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus is ascochyta mosseae (Funneliformis mosseae, F.m).
In some embodiments, the method of any of the aboveIn the method, the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi agent is a culture of ascochyta mossambica (Funneliformis mossea, F.m) in a sandy soil matrix, and the spore number of the ascochyta mossambica is 50-70 per gram, preferably 66 spores per gram; the spreading amount of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi agent is 15-25g/m2Preferably 20g/m2。
To solve the above problems, the present invention also provides the use of any one of the above methods for increasing plant diversity, promoting plant growth, and/or improving a refuse dump of an open pit coal mine.
According to the invention, different herbaceous plants and the AMF microbial inoculum are mixed according to different proportions, so that the diversity of the plants is improved, the soil improvement and the plant growth are promoted, the secondary damage to the soil of a refuse dump is prevented under the condition of no addition of exogenous chemical fertilizer, and the stability of an ecological system is enhanced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the frequency index of vegetation in different inoculation treatments and different planting modes.
FIG. 2 shows the above-ground biomass of plants (left panel) and the leaf color values of dominant plants (Shadawang, alfalfa, old mango wheat) under different treatments (right panel).
FIG. 3 shows the variation of the physicochemical properties of the soil for different treatments.
Detailed Description
The experimental procedures used in the following examples are all conventional procedures unless otherwise specified.
Materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples. It should be understood that the following examples are illustrative only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Grass seeds of Shazhangwang (Astragalius adsurgins Pall.), old mango (Elymus sibiricus Linn.), and awnless brome (Bromus inermis rays.) are products of Krowo (Beijing) ecological technology, Inc.
The grass seeds of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvel) and wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn.) are products of West commercial Limited in Harper city.
The test strain is AM fungus Sclerotium morchelli (Funneliformis mossea, F.m) which is disclosed in 'Yiziqi, Biyinry, Ma Shapeng, etc.. the simulation test of the influence of the compacted soil inoculation of AMF on the growth of caragana microphylla [ J ]. coal bulletin, 2020,45(09): 3253-3261', the public can obtain from the Chinese mineral university (Beijing), the Sclerotium morchelli microbial inoculum is a sandy soil matrix, the effective components are spores, hyphae and infected plant root segments, and the number of the spores is 66/g. The inoculation is to mix the bacterial agent and grass seeds evenly and to be sown together with the grass seeds.
In the following examples, the sambucus mongolicus and alfalfa in the family Leguminosae had the same number of grass seeds (i.e., the ratio of the number of grass seeds is 1:1), and the old awn wheat, bromus formosanus, guinea grass and wheatgrass in the family Gramineae had the same number of grass seeds (i.e., the ratio of the number of grass seeds is 1:1:1: 1).
Example 1
Description of the test conditions
The experimental positions are in inner Mongolia Xilinhaote City Xilinhaote union Shenhua North Electricity victory open-pit mine (115 degrees 18 '-117 degrees 06' E,43 degrees 02 '-44 degrees 52' N), in the middle and western part of the victory coal field, 6km from the Xilinhaote city, the average length of east and west is 6.84km, the average width of south and north is 5.43km, and the area is 37.14km2. The mining area climate belongs to the moderate temperature zone semiarid continental monsoon climate, the annual average temperature is 0-3 ℃, the icing period is as long as 5 months, the chilling period is as long as 7 months, the temperature is the lowest in 1 month, and the average temperature is-19 ℃, and is one of the coldest regions in North China. The temperature is highest in 7 months, the average temperature is 21 ℃, and the extreme highest temperature can reach 39 ℃. The large amount of the stannum precipitation is small, the annual average precipitation amount is less than 300 millimeters, and the rainfall is concentrated in 7, 8 and 9 months. The snow falls in winter every year, and the average total snow fall of 11-3 months is 8-15 mm. The mining area belongs to a high plain area in the middle of inner Mongolia, and the terrain is flat and wide and shows little wavy fluctuation.
Experimental protocol
One, 5 test areas in total: 1 natural restoration zone and 4 artificial restoration zones, each test zone having a length x width of 95.5m x 36 m.
A natural recovery area: the method has the advantages of no plant planting, no microbial inoculum application, no watering, no fertilizer application, no weeding and natural recovery.
4 artificial repair areas:
legume to gramineae ratio 1:1 control zone (1:1CK zone): in 2019, the grass seeds of leguminous (Astragaolus adsurgins Pall.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) as well as gramineous (Elymus sibiricus Linn.), inorgus (Bromus inermis L.), Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvel) and Agropyron cristatum (L.) are mixed according to the ratio of 1:1 of the sowing amount (grass seed number ratio) to obtain a grass seed mixture, and the sowing density is 19.99 g/m/sowing in a row sowing manner2Watering according to time, not fertilizing, and not weeding.
Leguminous to graminaceous ratio 1:1 inoculation region (1:1AM region): mixing the grass seeds of Leguminosae (herba Medicaginis and herba Medicaginis) and Gramineae (Amur awn, bromus formosanus, herba Leymi chinensis and wheatgrass) at a ratio of 1:1 in 2019 for 5 months to obtain grass seed mixture, sowing by drill at a sowing density of 19.99g/m2Mixing Mussi pipiens mycorrhiza agent and grass seeds during sowing, and sowing with the grass seeds, wherein the dosage of the fungicide is 20g/m2Watering according to time, not fertilizing, and not weeding.
Legume to gramineae ratio 1:2 control zone (1:2CK zone): mixing the grass seeds of Leguminosae (herba Medicaginis and herba Medicaginis) and Gramineae (Amur awn, bromus formosanus, herba Leymi chinensis and wheatgrass) at a ratio of 1:2 in 2019 for 5 months to obtain grass seed mixture, sowing by drill at a sowing density of 20.09g/m2Watering according to time, not fertilizing, and not weeding.
Leguminous to graminaceous ratio 1:2 inoculation region (1:2AM region): mixing the grass seeds of Leguminosae (herba Medicaginis and herba Medicaginis) and Gramineae (Amur awn, bromus formosanus, herba Leymi chinensis and wheatgrass) at a ratio of 1:2 in 2019 for 5 months to obtain grass seed mixture, sowing by drill at a sowing density of 20.09g/m2Mixing Mussi pipiens mycorrhiza agent and grass seeds during sowing, and sowing with the grass seeds, wherein the dosage of the fungicide is 20g/m2Watering according to time, not fertilizing, and not weeding.
Second, sample collection
After one year of growth, plant and soil samples were collected. Randomly sampling in each cell according to an S-shaped sampling method, setting 5 small sample squares of 1m multiplied by 1m in each cell, respectively collecting soil samples in each sample square and harvesting overground plants, wherein the total number of the plants and the soil samples is 90. And (3) screening the soil sample by a 2mm sieve, air-drying, storing at 4 ℃, and analyzing the physical and chemical properties of the soil. And drying the plant sample, and measuring the aboveground biomass.
The growth indexes such as plant height and the like of the plants are measured by using a steel ruler, and the SPAD value of the leaves is measured by using a portable chlorophyll measuring instrument (model SPAD-502). Each formula randomly determined 9 dominant plants: old mango, Shazawang and alfalfa (3 plants each), and 15 dominant plants were tested in each test area. And photographing various parties, and recording the vegetation coverage in the parties.
Soil pH and conductivity (EC) were measured potentiometrically, Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) was measured using a TOC instrument (Elementar TOC), ammonium nitrogen (NH 4)+-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3- -N) was measured using a flow analyzer (SEAL AutoAnalyzer3), and total nitrogen was measured using the Kjeldahl method.
Data were counted and graphed using Microsoft Excel 2016 software, and analysis of variance, multiple comparisons, and correlations were performed using SPSS 19.0 software.
Third, results and analysis
(1) Effect of different inoculated AMF and different herbals on plant growth
Various proportions of herbaceous planting patterns and inoculated AMF treatments had significant effects on vegetation growth (P < 0.05). The vegetation frequency indexes under different inoculation treatments and different planting modes are shown in figure 1. As can be seen from FIG. 1, the vegetation frequency of different plants in each test area is greatly different, wherein the vegetation frequency of the plants in Leguminosae, such as Shadawang and alfalfa and the Miscanthus graminis, is far higher than that of other plants, and is considered as the dominant species in the environment of the area. The vegetation coverage and the plant height of dominant plants (Shadawang, alfalfa, old mango wheat) are obviously different among different treatments. The plant heights of alfalfa, Shadawang and old mango wheat are all significantly higher in the 1:1AM region than in other cells, and the species abundance is not significantly different among treatments, as shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 plant height, coverage and species abundance for different inoculum treatment and planting modes
Note that different lower case letters (same column) indicate significant differences at the 0.05 level between groups.
The aboveground biomass and leaf color values of dominant plants (Shadawang, alfalfa, old mango wheat) under different treatments are shown in FIG. 2. The aboveground biomass of the vegetation is obviously higher in the inoculation areas of the four herbaceous plants with different proportions than in the control area and the natural recovery area with corresponding proportions, which indicates that the inoculation of AMF is beneficial to the accumulation of dry matters of the plants. The leaf color values (SPAD) of three dominant plants (Shadawang, alfalfa and old mango wheat) are obviously different, the Shadawang is obviously higher in a 1:2AM area than other cells, and the alfalfa is obviously higher in the 1:1AM area than other cells.
(2) Effect of herbaceous planting on plant diversity
In addition to 6 herbaceous plants planted, the survey found that the test area has 23 new species in total, wherein the herbaceous mixed sowing area: belongs to 4 families, 9 types, a natural recovery area: the plants belong to 12 species in 5 families and 10 species in 7 families in other regions, as shown in Table 2. 5 plants of the agrimony, the tiger tail, the green bristlegrass herb and the rape are special species in a natural recovery area; artemisia sphaerocephala, sweet clover, Thalictrum odoratum and roegneria kamoji are special new biological species in the mixed seeding area of herbs; lespedeza bicolor, Oxytropis angustifolia, Kochia scoparia, Sesamum indicum, Echinochloa crusgalli, Chenopodium glaucum, Echinops glauca, Dracocephalum pulchelli, Iris lactea and ryegrass are special new biological species in non-test areas.
TABLE 2 test area neonatal plant species
(3) Influence of inoculation of AMF and different herb proportions on soil physicochemical properties
Inoculation with AMF and different herbamatches had a significant effect on soil factors as shown in figure 3. The herbaceous seeding improves the pH value of the soil, and the soil is weak alkaline. The conductivity of the soil is obviously higher than that of other cells in a 1:2AM area and a natural recovery area, and the 1:1AM area is the lowest. The organic carbon content of the soil is highest in a 1:1CK area and lowest in a 1:2AM area, and the organic carbon content of the soil is probably related to the utilization of soil organic matters involving microorganisms. Nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen are highest in a 1:2AM area, and the content of soil nitrogen is improved by inoculation.
(4) Correlation between soil factors and plant growth under inoculation of AMF and different herb proportions
Correlation analysis is carried out on 6 soil physicochemical property indexes (pH, conductivity, organic carbon, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and total nitrogen) and 3 vegetation growth indexes (aboveground biomass of plants, vegetation coverage and species abundance), and the result is shown in Table 3. As can be seen from Table 3, the soil conductivity and the total nitrogen content of the soil are in a positive correlation, and the correlation coefficient is 0.62(P is less than 0.01); the soil nitrate nitrogen and the ammonium nitrogen are in extremely obvious positive correlation with the aboveground biomass and the vegetation coverage of the plants, and the correlation coefficients are 0.69(P is less than 0.01) and 0.67(P is less than 0.01); the organic carbon of the soil is negatively correlated with the aboveground biomass, the vegetation coverage and the species abundance, and the correlation coefficients are-0.19, -0.01 and-0.25 respectively.
TABLE 3 correlation of soil factors with plant growth indices
Note: p <0.05 indicates P < 0.01.
And (4) conclusion:
1. the different herbaceous planting ratios have obvious influence on the plant growth, the biomass of the plants and the soil nutrient condition are integrated, and the 1:2 planting mode of the leguminous family and the gramineae family is the optimal herbaceous planting ratio.
2. The inoculation of AMF can improve the aboveground biomass and soil nitrogen content of the plant, and has good growth promoting effect on the plant.
3. Plant growth is significantly related to soil nutrients, and soil nitrogen content has significant influence on plant growth in different planting modes and after AMF inoculation.
Claims (10)
1. A microorganism-plant combined remediation method suitable for opencast coal mine refuse dump comprises mixing grass seeds of leguminous plants and gramineous plants according to the proportion of 1 (1-2) of sowing amount to obtain a grass seed mixture, and sowing the grass seed mixture in opencast coal mine refuse dump in 5-6 months.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the leguminous plant is selected from one or more of Shazawang (Astragalus adsurgins Pall.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.).
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the leguminous plant is SHAZHAOWANG and herba Medicaginis.
4. A method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: the gramineous plant is selected from one or more of old mango wheat (Elymus sibiricus Linn.), Bromus formosanus (Bromus inermis Leys.), Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvel) and Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn.
5. The method according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein: the gramineous plants are Amur wheat, bromus formosanus, leymus chinensis and agropyron cristatum.
6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in thatCharacterized in that: the sowing density of the grass seed mixture is 19.99-20.09g/m2。
7. The method according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein: before sowing, the method also comprises the step of uniformly mixing the grass seed mixture with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi agent.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein: the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus is ascochyta moesin (Funneliformis mossea, F.m).
9. The method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that: the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi agent is a culture of ascochyta mossambica (Funneliformis mossea, F.m) in a sandy soil matrix, and the spore number of the ascochyta mossambica is 50-70/g; the spreading amount of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi agent is 15-25g/m2。
10. Use of the method of any one of claims 1 to 9 to increase plant diversity, promote plant growth and/or improve opencast coal mine dumps.
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