RU2703068C1 - Method of reclamation of tailing dump - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: ecology.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to ecology and can be used in restoration of disturbed lands. Method includes stage-by-stage process of substrate laying and sowing of the grass mixture. Substrate used is zeolite-containing clay and peat in ratio 2:1, modified with mineral hydrosulphuric water. After the substrate is compacted, the following crops are sown: amaranth, annual shabdar clover, camelina, the seeds of which before the sowing are mixed with the milled wastes of camelina hull husks.

EFFECT: method enables higher effectiveness by reducing toxicity.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of ecology and may find application in the restoration of technologically disturbed lands.

There is a method in which bentonite clay is used to preserve disturbed lands, followed by sowing of perennial grasses (patent No. 2267514, publ. 10.01.2006, IPC: C09K17 / 40).

The known method is not effective enough, significantly costly, since bentonite clays are mixed with fertilizers, while the mass is crushed to powder. In addition, many herbs in the first year of life develop poorly and are exposed to wind erosion, especially in the mountainous region, which reduces the applied elements of the technical solution.

There is a method where the restoration of disturbed lands is carried out in 2 stages, starting with reclamation by creating insulating drainage from rock, gravel and gravel, followed by applying mixtures of substrate from river sand, soil, sawdust, granular slag, coal powder, peat and cake with mixing all ingredients and their rolling. At the second stage, biological reclamation is carried out by sowing vegetation mixed with mineral fertilizers (patent No. 2571346, publ. 12/20/2017, Bull. No. 35, IPC: B09C 1/00, A01B 79/02).

However, this method is quite time-consuming, includes a number of techniques, complicating the technical solution.

The closest technical solution is the tailing dump reclamation method, which includes two stages: technical and biological, and in the first stage they lay geosynthetic material, an artificially created substrate made of fertile soil. In the second stage, grass mixtures of lower grains are sown and natural wood mulch is introduced (patent No. 2643038, publ. 01/30/2018, Bull. No. 4, IPC: A01 B79 / 02).

The disadvantage of the prototype method is the high cost of the technical solution. The sown grassroots are soil-growing, which are washed away in the presence of water erosion in the year of sowing. In addition, these grassroots cereals do not have sorption and accumulating properties to absorb toxic elements located on the surface of the tailings, which reduces the effectiveness of the method.

The technical result is a reduction in costs and an increase in the efficiency of the method.

The technical solution of the claimed object lies in the fact that the tailing site is covered with a substrate consisting of zeolite-containing clay and peat in a 2: 1 ratio, modified with mineral hydrogen sulfide water, and after tamping, amaranth plants, annual bean grasses, winter saffron, with accumulating abilities to absorb toxic substances, and the seeds of these cultures are mixed with the waste husks of winter camelina.

The method is as follows.

Natural zeolite-containing clays Eredvit (birthplace of South Ossetia) contains (%): silicon (Si) -54.6, iron (Fe) - 0.62, calcium (Ca) - 2, manganese (Mn) - 0.28, potassium (K) - 10.28, sodium (Na) - 1.2, phosphorus (P) - 3.5, cepy (S) - 0.98, copper (Cu) - 0.12, zinc (Zn) - 0 62, the reaction of the medium (ph) is 8.1.

The source is located in a mountain zone at an altitude of 1000 m above sea level, has high sorption capabilities. Peat of the same area has a water saturation of up to 85%. In a mixture with Eredvit, it has a thermal conductivity of 0.37% and a compressive strength of 140 kg / cm ² .

When mixing 2 components, the substrate is saturated with a natural mineral source of hydrogen sulfide water, which has the ability to reduce pathogenic microorganisms and the ability to combine with mercury and arsenic generated in tailings waste.

After compaction of the mixture of zeolite-containing clay and peat, which contains more than 40% humic substances, the substrate is saturated with hydrogen sulfide water from the Tamisk spring, which contains about 100 mg / dm ³ . Seeds of annual crops with accumulative features to absorb toxic substances from the soil are sown on the prepared substrate from zeolite-containing clay and peat. Before sowing, the seeds are covered with crushed husk of winter camelina (after threshing the seeds). The husk contains flavanoids containing rutin 0.6-0.7%, which has a stimulating property and protective features against pathogens and various stresses. The husk of winter camelina, as well as the culture itself, has sorption capabilities. This creates favorable conditions for the development of sown seeds and the absorption of toxic elements from disturbed lands.

Example

Zeolite-containing clay Eredvit in the amount of 8 tons is mixed with peat 4 tons and cover a tailing area of 2.5 hectares, followed by irrigation with 400 ml of Tamisk spring, and the treated area is rolled. The husk of winter camelina plants is crushed and mixed with seeds of plants accumulating toxic elements from the soil (amaranth 3 kg, clover shabdar 28 kg and winter camelina 20 kg).

Seeds are sown in the year of processing the tailings (August), given the fact that the next year the green mass of plants will reduce the toxicity of the disturbed land.

The results of the experiment are summarized in the table, from which it follows that the proposed method can reduce toxic substances in the range of 87-98%.

Based on the results of the experiment, it follows that the use of natural sources of raw materials provides a significant reduction in the toxic substances of the tailings, reduces costs and increases the efficiency of the method.

Claims (1)

A method for reclamation of the tailings, including a step-by-step process of laying the substrate and sowing the grass mixture, characterized in that zeolite-containing clay and peat in the ratio 2: 1, modified with mineral hydrogen sulfide water, are used as the substrate, and after accumulation, accumulating cultures are sown: amaranth, annual clover winter ryzhik, the seeds of which are mixed before sowing with crushed waste husks of winter rye.