CN102421879A - 润滑脂组合物及轴承 - Google Patents

润滑脂组合物及轴承 Download PDF

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CN102421879A
CN102421879A CN2010800204846A CN201080020484A CN102421879A CN 102421879 A CN102421879 A CN 102421879A CN 2010800204846 A CN2010800204846 A CN 2010800204846A CN 201080020484 A CN201080020484 A CN 201080020484A CN 102421879 A CN102421879 A CN 102421879A
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grease composition
oil
grease
static inhibitor
additive
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山本正道
今井裕
今井淳一
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Kyodo Yushi Co Ltd
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Abstract

根据本发明，提供一种润滑脂组合物及封入有该润滑脂组合物的机械部件，所述润滑脂组合物为包含增稠剂、基础油和抗静电剂的润滑脂组合物，该抗静电剂包含选自由Li(CF3SO2)2N和Li(CF3SO2)3C所组成的组中的至少一种。本发明的组合物的抗静电性、音响性能优异。

Description

润滑脂组合物及轴承
技术领域
本发明涉及润滑脂组合物及机械部件。更详细而言，涉及被封入在例如汽车电气装置及辅助机器(例如交流发电机、中间滑轮、汽车空调电磁离合器、水泵、电风扇电机等)、各种电机(例如空调风扇电机、主轴电机、吸尘器电机等)、办公设备及家电产品(例如复印机的感光鼓、固定辊部、各种风扇电机)等中使用的滚动轴承及各种机械部件中的润滑脂组合物、或者在机械部件的带电所引起的对周边的控制机械的不良影响或电蚀成为问题的地方、要求音响性能的地方使用的润滑脂组合物及封入有该润滑脂组合物的机械部件。
背景技术
作为润滑脂组合物的基础油，通常使用石蜡系、环烷烃系的矿物油，或者以酯系合成油、合成烃油、醚系合成油等为代表的合成油。这样的基础油的基础油自身表现出极高的体积电阻率。因此，已知封入有使用了这些基础油的润滑脂组合物的轴承、机械部件就会成为绝缘体，通过旋转、滑动而带电。
例如，汽车电气装置及辅助机器具有如下问题：由于通过皮带所引起的滑轮驱动而旋转，因此在皮带与滑轮间产生静电而带电，由此对周边的控制机械造成不良影响。
另外，在马达轴承也带电、内外轮间产生大的电位差时，电流通过薄的润滑油膜而产生火花，会产生在轴承滚动接触面、滚动体表面的损伤，即所谓的电蚀的问题。
由此，为了解决因润滑脂表现出高的体积电阻率而引起的问题，已知有添加了抗静电剂的润滑脂组合物。
例如，已知添加碳黑作为导电物质的润滑脂组合物(专利文献1)。但是，由于该碳黑为粉体、不溶于油，因此存在以下这样的不良状况：由于介入轴承滚动接触面时的振动而产生噪音，或者由于使用时的剪切而导致碳黑粒子的链结构被破坏，从而导致导电性下降。另外，为了赋予导电性，碳黑需要大量添加，但由于具有增稠能力，因此大量添加时存在润滑脂组合物变硬这样的不良状况。
另外，提出了添加烷基水杨酸铬和脂肪酸钙作为抗静电剂、或者添加二烷基二甲基氯化铵作为油溶性的表面活性剂而形成的导电性润滑脂(专利文献2)。但是，这些化合物均由于对人体的不良影响或环境负荷的问题而不优选，而且根据油种类还存在不溶解的问题。
另外，提出了均匀地混入含有锑0.1～20质量％、平均粒径1.0μm以下的氧化锡粉末5～50％的润滑剂(专利文献3)。但是，由于对人体的不良影响或环境负荷的问题而不优选，而且由于是粉体，因此考虑到音响性能时不优选。
另外，提出了在基础油中使用离子性液体作为抗静电剂的润滑剂(专利文献4)。但是，存在离子性液体价格高，与石油系的基础油和添加剂的相溶性低这样的问题。
也提出了使用其他的离子性液体或锂化合物作为抗静电剂的润滑剂(专利文献5)。但是，使用这些润滑剂作为润滑脂组合物的添加剂时，会损害润滑脂组合物的音响性能等，是否能够赋予抗静电性能不清楚。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1：日本特公昭63-24038
专利文献2：日本特开平3-35091
专利文献3：日本特开昭58-40393
专利文献4：日本特开2006-250323
专利文献5：日本特开2005-89667
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供抗静电性及音响性能优异的润滑脂组合物。
本发明的另一目的在于提供封入有上述润滑脂组合物的机械部件。
本发明人为了解决上述目的而进行了各种研究，结果发现特定的添加剂会显著降低润滑脂组合物的带电性、音响性能也优异，从而完成了本发明。本发明提供下述的润滑脂组合物及机械部件。
1.一种润滑脂组合物，其为包含增稠剂、基础油和抗静电剂的润滑脂组合物，该抗静电剂包含选自由Li(CF3SO2)2N和Li(CF3SO2)3C所组成的组中的至少一种。
2.上述1所述的润滑脂组合物，该抗静电剂的添加量相对于润滑脂组合物全体为0.01～10质量％。
3.上述1或2所述的润滑脂组合物，其用于滚动轴承。
4.一种机械部件，封入有上述1～3中任一项所述的润滑脂组合物。
本发明的抗静电剂即使少量的添加也能够显著防止润滑脂组合物的带电性。如果本发明的润滑脂组合物封入在汽车电气装置及辅助机器(例如交流发电机、中间滑轮、汽车空调电磁离合器、水泵、电风扇电机等)、各种马达(例如空调风扇电机、主轴电机、吸尘器电机等)、办公设备及家电产品(例如复印机的感光鼓、固定辊部、各种风扇电机)等中使用的滚动轴承及各种机械部件中，则能够防止机械部件的带电所引起的对周边的控制机械的不良影响或电蚀，而且音响性能也优异。
具体实施方式
本发明中使用的抗静电剂是选自由Li(CF3SO2)2N和Li(CF3SO2)3C所组成的组中的至少一种，通常是广泛用作锂离子电池的电解质的化合物。由于这些化合物是固体，因此优选溶解于适当的溶剂中而使用。
这样的溶剂无特别限定。可举出例如也被用作基础油的石蜡系、环烷烃系的矿物油，以二酯油、多元醇酯油为代表的酯系合成油，以烷基二苯醚油为代表的醚系合成油，烷基萘等。另外，还可举出磷酸酯、山梨糖醇酐三油酸酯、丁二酸酯或丁二酸半酯、噻重氮等在分子中具有极性基团的化合物，在分子中具有醚键、酯键的化合物。作为具有酯键的化合物的例子，可举出安息香酸、己二酸、癸二酸、邻苯二甲酸、丁二酸等的酯。
这些化合物可以单独使用一种，也可以组合两种以上而使用。
本发明的润滑脂组合物中的抗静电剂的含量相对于润滑脂组合物全体优选为0.01～10质量％，进一步优选为0.05～5质量％，最优选为0.1～3质量％。含量小于0.01质量％时，具有所期待的效果不充分的倾向，多于10质量％时，该效果饱和而不经济。另外。也有市售的将本发明的抗静电剂(Li(CF3SO2)2N、Li(CF3SO2)3C)用溶剂稀释后的物质，但上述含量是指有效成分量。
本发明的润滑脂组合物中使用的增稠剂无特别限定，可以使用在润滑脂组合物中通常使用的所有增稠剂。可举出例如：含有Li或Na等的金属皂类，膨润土(Benton)、硅胶、脲化合物、以聚四氟乙烯为代表的氟系增稠剂等非皂系增稠剂。其中，特别优选的是脲化合物、锂皂类。
作为脲化合物，可举出双脲化合物，特别是双脲化合物，例如使芳香族胺、脂肪族胺、脂环族胺、它们的2种以上的混合物与芳香族二异氰酸酯反应而得到的双脲化合物。作为芳香族二异氰酸酯的具体例子，可举出甲苯二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、萘二异氰酸酯等，作为芳香族胺的具体例子，可举出对甲苯胺、苯胺、萘胺等，作为脂肪族胺的具体例子，可举出辛胺、壬胺、癸胺、十一胺、十二胺、十三胺、十四胺、十五胺、十六胺、十七胺、十八胺、十九胺、二十胺等，作为脂环族胺的具体例子，可举出环己胺等。反应比率可以相对于芳香族二异氰酸酯(1摩尔)通常为2摩尔。
作为Li皂类，可举出Li皂及Li复合皂。作为Li皂，可举出12-羟基硬脂酸锂、硬脂酸锂等，作为Li复合皂，可举出12-羟基硬脂酸与氢氧化锂的反应生成物和壬二酸与氢氧化锂的反应生成物的混合物等。反应比率可以相对于氢氧化锂(1摩尔)为1元的羧酸1摩尔、2元的羧酸0.5摩尔。
它们由于缺点少且价格不高，因此是具有实用性的增稠剂。增稠剂可以单独使用一种，也可以组合两种以上而使用。
增稠剂的含量是用于得到需要的稠度的需要的量，通常相对于润滑脂组合物全体优选为3～30质量％，进一步优选为5～25质量％。
本发明的润滑脂组合物中使用的基础油没有特别限定，可以使用矿物油、合成油等所有的基础油。作为合成油的例子，可举出以二酯油、多元醇酯油为代表的酯系合成油，以聚α-烯烃为代表的合成烃油，以烷基二苯醚油为代表的醚系合成油，以聚丙二醇为代表的聚二醇系合成油，有机硅系合成油，氟系合成油等。
特别优选的基础油可举出矿物油、烷基二苯醚油、二季戊四醇酯油、季戊四醇酯油等。这些基础油的40℃的运动粘度优选为5～400mm2/s，进一步优选为10～300mm2/s。
这些基础油可以单独使用一种，也可以组合两种以上而使用。
可以根据需要在本发明的润滑脂组合物中添加在润滑脂组合物中通常使用的添加剂。作为这些添加剂，可举出例如其他的抗静电剂、抗氧化剂、防锈剂、金属防腐蚀剂、油性剂、表面活性剂、耐磨剂、极压剂、固体润滑剂、耐剥离添加剂等。
就本发明的润滑脂组合物而言，作为本发明的抗静电剂(Li(CF3SO2)2N和Li(CF3SO2)3C)防止带电的机理，虽不限定于此，但可以认为是因为：由于这些化合物是具有磺酰基、在其外侧结合氟烷基的结构，氟的强吸电子性引起负电荷被进一步吸引至外侧，变得容易离解Li离子，因离子传导而造成电流变得容易流动。
本发明的润滑脂组合物的抗静电性优异，通过下述的试验方法测定的体积电阻率优选小于50.0×107Ωm，进一步优选小于20.0×107Ωm。
本发明的润滑脂组合物的音响性能优异，通过下述的试验方法测定的Anderon上升值优选小于2Anderon，进一步优选小于1Anderon。
实施例
以下通过实施例来更加具体地说明本发明。
实施例和比较例
基础润滑脂A
增稠剂：双脲化合物(对甲苯胺(2摩尔)与甲苯二异氰酸酯(1摩尔)的反应生成物)
基础油：烷基二苯醚油(40℃的运动粘度97.0mm2/s)
基础润滑脂B
增稠剂：双脲化合物(环己胺(1摩尔)和十八胺(1摩尔)的混合物(2摩尔)与二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(1摩尔)的反应生成物)
基础油：二季戊四醇酯油(40℃的运动粘度 79.0mm2/s)
基础润滑脂C：
增稠剂：12-羟基硬脂酸锂
基础油：季戊四醇酯(40℃的运动粘度 30.8mm2/s)
基础润滑脂D：
增稠剂：Li复合物(12-羟基硬脂酸(2摩尔)与氢氧化锂(2摩尔)的反应生成物和壬二酸(1摩尔)与氢氧化锂(2摩尔)的反应生成物的混合物)
基础油：矿物油(40℃的运动粘度 98.8mm2/s)
在上述基础润滑脂中添加以下所示的添加剂，配制表1和表2所示的稠度等级No.2的润滑脂组合物。
添加剂
添加剂a：抗静电剂Li(CF3SO2)2N
添加剂b：抗静电剂Li(CF3SO2)3C
添加剂c：碳黑
试验方法
通过以下所示的试验方法评价润滑脂的抗静电性和音响性能。将结果示于表1和表2。
体积电阻率(评价润滑脂的抗静电性的试验)
试验方法：依据JIS C 2101 24
试验顺序：在润滑脂用简易电极的两电极间按照气泡不进入的方式填充润滑脂。在电极间施加电压，读取1分钟后的电阻值，算出体积电阻率。其中，施加电压设为100V，测定温度设为25℃。
评价基准
体积电阻率  小于50.0×107Ωm：合格(○)
            50.0×107Ωm以上：不合格(×)
音响试验(评价润滑脂的音响性能的试验)
试验方法：利用Anderon Meter的试验
试验条件：轴承608，转数1800rpm，推力负载2kgf，润滑脂填充量0.35ml，试验时间60秒
评价基准
Anderon上升值＝(在基础润滑脂中添加了添加剂的物质在60秒间的最大Anderon值)-(基础润滑脂在60秒间的最大Anderon值)
小于2Anderon：合格(○)
2Anderon以上：不合格(×)
综合评价
体积电阻率、音响试验均合格：合格(○)
体积电阻率、音响试验中的任一方合格：不合格(×)
表1
Figure BPA00001462607900071
表2
Figure BPA00001462607900072
添加了作为本发明的抗静电剂的添加剂a(Li(CF3SO2)2N)或添加剂b(Li(CF3SO2)3C)的本发明的实施例1～6的润滑脂组合物的体积电阻率均表现出比合格基准的50.0×107Ωm低的值，音响性能也优异。
与此相对，未添加抗静电剂的比较例1～4与实施例相比，体积电阻率均表现出比合格基准的50.0×107Ωm高的值。
另外，在实施例5中取代添加剂b(Li(CF3SO2)3C)而添加添加剂c(碳黑)的比较例5的润滑脂组合物与实施例5相比，体积电阻率高，表现出比合格基准的50.0×107Ωm高的值，音响性能也差。
根据以上结果可知，添加了本发明的抗静电剂的润滑脂组合物由于体积电阻率降低，因此能够防止机械部件的带电，而且音响性能也优异。

Claims (4)

1.一种润滑脂组合物，其为包含增稠剂、基础油和抗静电剂的润滑脂组合物，所述抗静电剂包含选自由Li(CF3SO2)2N和Li(CF3SO2)3C所组成的组中的至少一种。
2.如权利要求1所述的润滑脂组合物，所述抗静电剂的添加量相对于润滑脂组合物全体为0.01～10质量％。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的润滑脂组合物，其用于滚动轴承。
4.一种机械部件，封入有权利要求1～3中任一项所述的润滑脂组合物。
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