CN102403330B - 发光结构 - Google Patents
发光结构 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种发光结构,其至少包含一第一单元、一第二单元、一沟槽介于第一单元及第二单元之间,并具有一底部、一连接该底部之第一侧壁及一连接该底部且较第一侧壁陡峭的第二侧壁;及一电性连接设置于第一侧壁之上。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种发光结构,尤其是涉及一种发光结构具有至少两个发光单元及用以连接此些发光单元的电性连接。
背景技术
发光二极管阵列电性串联或并联数个发光二极管。二极管间通过沟槽或槽孔达成电性分离。为了连接彼此分离的二极管可以使用金属线或薄膜跨越二极管间的沟槽。然而,由于沟槽的高深宽比(aspectratio)使得金属线或薄膜在制造过程中易于损坏。
发明内容
为解决上述问题,本发明的一实施例揭露一种发光结构,其至少包含一第一单元、一第二单元、一沟槽介于第一单元及第二单元之间,并具有一第一侧壁及一较该第一侧壁陡峭的第二侧壁;及一电性连接设置于第一侧壁之上。
本发明的另一实施例揭露一种发光结构,其至少包含一第一单元、一第二单元、一沟槽介于第一单元及第二单元之间、及一电性连接。此电性连接具有一连接部及一桥接部。桥接部设置于沟槽上并较连接部宽。
本发明的又一实施例揭露一种发光结构,其至少包含一第一单元、一第二单元、一沟槽介于第一单元及第二单元之间、一绝缘层设置于沟槽之上并暴露出沟槽附近的部分第一单元、及一电性连接接触此沟槽附近的部分第一单元与第二单元。
附图说明
图1为本发明一实施例的剖视图,绘示两个发光结构单元的连接;
图2为本发明一实施例的发光结构单元的上视图;
图3为本发明一实施例的沟槽填充示意图;
图4为本发明一实施例的一位于沟槽上的电性连接的上视图;
图5为本发明另一实施例的电性连接的上视图,此电性连接位于一介于两个发光结构单元间的沟槽上方;
图6为本发明一实施例的剖视图,其绘示发光结构单元间的连接;
图7为本发明一实施例的数个发光结构单元的剖视图;
图8A~图8F为本发明一实施例的发光结构单元的制造示意图;及
图9为本发明一实施例的发光结构单元的剖视图。
主要元件符号说明
1发光结构单元22b上方电性连接
2发光结构单元23沟槽
3发光结构单元24发光结构单元
4发光结构单元25发光结构单元
10A左发光结构单元25a桥接部
10B右发光结构单元25b连接部
11A下方层26发光结构单元
11B下方层27下方层
12A上方层28上方层
12B上方层29平台区域
13A发光接面30共同基板
13B发光接面31发光区
14A电流分散层41基板
14B电流分散层42第一半导体层
15沟槽43活性层
16第一绝缘层44第二半导体层
17第二绝缘层45凹部
18电性连接46沟槽
19保护层47绝缘层
20电流网络48导电结构
21绝缘层49a第一电极
22a下方电性连接49b第二电极
具体实施方式
图1显示依据本发明一实施例的剖视图,绘示两个发光结构单元的连接。左发光结构单元10A及右发光结构单元10B分别包含一下方层(11A、11B)、一上方层(12A、12B)、一位于下方层(11A、11B)及上方层(12A、12B)间的发光接面(13A、13B)、及一电流分散层(14A、14B)。上述各层利用外延生长或接合技术依序形成于一基板(未显示)上,其中结合技术是如金属接合、扩散接合、胶体结合等。
左发光结构单元10A与右发光结构单元10B可以被一共同基板或彼此独立的基板所支撑,且为沟槽15电性分离。例如,发光结构单元10A及10B可以共同地形成于单一块状基板之上,块状基板是如蓝宝石、GaAs、Si、金属、玻璃、或PCB。或者各个发光结构单元形成于彼此独立的块状基板之上,块状基板的材料如前所述。然而,利用机械器具、有机材料、金属材料、或前述选项的结合,各个块状基板可以再整合在一起。沟槽15可以达到、进入、或穿过基板或发光结构单元间的任何层。沟槽15的剖面包含至少一个导角及/或至少一个切角。导角及/或切角可以形成在单层或多层上。例如,如图所示,导角及/或切角可以形成在下方层11A及/或下方层11B上。然而,导角及/或切角也可以形成在上方层及下方层二者上。导角的半径R以不小于1μm为佳。切角可以具有相同或相异的斜角长度Lbevel。
再者,沟槽的侧壁自下方层的底面起呈现大于80度的倾斜。例如,如图所示,侧壁与下方层的底面间的夹角θ小于80度、70度、60度、50度、或40度。夹角θ也可以落于特定范围内,如80度~70度、70度~60度、60度~40度。此外,沟槽的多个侧壁可以具有相近或不同的倾斜角度。例如,一个侧壁的倾斜角度介于50度~40度,而另一个侧壁的倾斜角度介于60度~50度。若一或多个侧壁呈现倾斜状态,沟槽会形成一梯形剖面,此梯形具有一高度、一长边、及一平行于长边的短边。此高度接近下方层的厚度或下方层与上方层的总厚度。例如,高度介于1μm~10μm、长边的长度介于3μm~100μm、短边的长度介于1μm~40μm、长边与短边的比例介于3∶1~1.5∶1。具体而言,高度介于4μm~9μm、长边的长度介于5μm~40μm、短边的长度介于2.5μm~20μm。
为了在发光结构单元间建立电通道,可使一电性连接18跨越沟槽15并电性连接下方层11A、下方层11B、上方层12A、及上方层12B中分属不同单元的任意两层。例如,发光结构单元间可通过跨接下方层11A及上方层12B形成串联,或者,发光结构单元间可通过跨接上方层12A及上方层12B形成并联。
为了避免电性连接18与其他层接触,可以提供一第一绝缘层16于沟槽15及接近沟槽开口附近的部分区域,如下方层11A及/或下方层11B的侧壁、沟槽15的边缘、上方层12A及/或上方层12B的侧壁、上方层12A及/或上方层12B的上表面、及/或电流分散层14A及/或电流分散层14B的下表面。此外,一第二绝缘层17更可以选择性地形成于第一绝缘层16及电性连接18之间。第二绝缘层17可以用以填充第一绝缘层16及电性连接18间的空区域、填充第一绝缘层16上的空隙、平坦化第一绝缘层16的外表面、填充沟槽15、形成一用以放置电性连接18的平面、覆盖未被第一绝缘层16遮蔽的区域、强化ESD保护、及/或支撑电性连接18。
第一绝缘层16可以具有锐角边缘,而设置于第一绝缘层16上的层因此可以平顺地覆盖位于第一绝缘层16边缘上的落差。此边缘上的斜度可以减缓应力集中于落差上方的叠层。此锐角可以小于90度、80度、70度、60度、或50度。除第一绝缘层16外,第二绝缘层17也可以具有锐角的边缘。
再者,为保护电性连接18被氧化、腐蚀、及/或损伤,可以形成保护层19于电性连接18上。保护层19不仅可以覆盖电性连接18的外表面更可以覆盖外表面以外的区域。具体而言,保护层19可以形成在第二绝缘层17、电流分散层14A、电流分散层14B、上方层12A、上方层12B、下方层11A及/或下方层11B的任一面上。
图2显示依据本发明一实施例的发光结构单元的上视图。附图中,四个矩形发光结构单元1、2、3、4以2x2阵列方式排列。然而,发光结构单元的形状、数量、及配置仅为例示,并不限制本发明的实施及变化。
发光结构单元1、2、3、4被沟槽15在侧向分开。电性连接18可以由一发光结构单元(如:发光结构单元3)跨越沟槽15连接至另一发光结构单元(如:发光结构单元4),并将此两个单元间形成串联或并联。如断面AA’所示,其上未形成电性连接18的沟槽15(例如,介于发光结构单元1及4之间)具有较陡峭的侧壁,因此,在沟槽15旁的发光结构单元存在较多的体积。相反地,如断面BB’所示,其上形成有电性连接18的沟槽15(例如,介于发光结构单元3及4之间)与断面AA’的侧壁相较具有较不陡峭的侧壁。于一实施例中,部分发光结构单元被移除以形成具有阶梯状及/或倾斜侧壁的沟槽。换言之,此沟槽具有倒梯形或拟似倒梯形的断面。例如,形成沟槽的方法可以选用湿蚀刻、干蚀刻、激光加工、钻石切割、及前述方式的任意组合。一般而言,侧壁越陡峭,加工时间越短。
此外,较不陡峭的侧壁可以形成在全部长度的沟槽Lfull或部分长度的沟槽Lpartial上(如图2所示)。全部长度的沟槽Lfull在此处的定义是沟槽的长度接近发光结构单元的宽度;部分长度的沟槽Lpartial的定义是沟槽长度小于发光结构单元的宽度。例如,Lpartial是介于10μm~100μm、发光结构单元的宽度是介于100μm~1000μm、Lpartial与发光结构单元宽度的比例是介于1∶2~1∶10。
再者,电性连接18更可以与一电流网络20相连接。通过电流网络20电流可以由远离电性连接18之处流入或流向远离电性连接18之处,如图2所示。
图3显示依据本发明一实施例的沟槽填充示意图。于步骤(1)中,绝缘层21及下方电性连接22a依序提供予形成于两个发光结构单元24、25间的沟槽23之上。绝缘层21可以隔离下方电性连接22a使其不与发光结构单元24、25接触。下方电性连接22a可以电性连接两个发光结构单元24、25。下方电性连接22a可以通过沉积及蚀刻工法形成。由于沟槽23在一个断面上呈现渐缩(tapered)的状态,使得下方电性连接22a的倾斜部分通常比平坦部分薄,也因此容易在后续制作工艺中遭到损坏。为了强化下方电性连接22a的倾斜部分,于下方电性连接22a之上再提供一上方电性连接22b。上方电性连接22b尤以提供在倾斜部分上方或沟槽23内部为佳,如步骤(2)所示。
图4显示依据本发明一实施例的一位于沟槽上的电性连接的上视图。电性连接25具有位于沟槽23上方的桥接部25a与两个连接部25b。各连接部25b与发光结构单元26的阳极或负极电性相连。桥接部25a具有BB断面;连接部25b具有AA断面。BB断面的宽度大于AA断面,但是为了使流经断面的电流维持恒定或平稳,两个断面具有相同或接近的面积。例如,桥接部25a的宽度介于5μm~50μm;连接部25b的宽度介于3μm~15μm;其二者的厚度接近8μm。然而,依据使用者的需求或实际的制作工艺,此两个断面也可以有不同的面积。桥接部25a可以在基本的电性连接制作工艺之后再形成。例如,可以先在沟槽23及发光结构单元26的特定区域上沉积金属,将电性连接25形成在具有倾斜侧壁的沟槽23之上。但是,沉积在沟槽23的倾斜侧壁上的金属通常比沉积在发光结构单元26上的金属薄,而使得横跨两个发光结构单元的沉积金属具有数个断面面积。为了增加沟槽23上金属的体积或断面面积,利用额外的沉积步骤在较薄的金属沉积区域上形成前述的桥接部25a。然而,沟槽23上的电性连接25的体积或断面面积也可以利用其他方式增加,例如,将一或多个补助物件接合在较薄的电性连接部分,以及沉积其他材料。补助物件是如金属、陶瓷等。此外,较厚的电性连接部分更可以减薄至与沟槽23上方部分的厚度相近的水准。
图5显示依据本发明另一实施例的电性连接25的上视图,此电性连接25位于一介于两个发光结构单元间的沟槽23上方。各个发光结构单元26包括下方层27及上方层28。上方层28的面积小于下方层27。下方层27具有一环绕上方层28的平台区域29。发光结构单元26可以自位于上方层28中或介于上方层28与下方层27间的发光层中发射光线。若发光层位于上方层28之中,上方层28可以包括p型半导体层与n型半导体层,而发光层位于此p型及n型半导体层之间。下方层27可以包括用以承载上方层28的载体。上方层28可通过外延方式形成于下方层27之上,或者通过胶体接合、金属接合、扩散接合、或共熔接合(eutecticbonding)的方式与下方层27相结合。若发光层位于上方层28与下方层27之间,上方层28与下方层27中之一者可以包括p型半导体层,而另一者则可以包括n型半导体层。
为了于发光结构单元间建立电流通道,一电性连接25提供在两个发光结构单元26上。如图所示,电性连接25的一端设置于上方层28上,另一端设置于下方层27上。然而,电性连接25的两端也可以设置于两个上方层28或两个下方层27之上。电性连接25可以利用金属、半导体、金属氧化物、或前述材料的任意组合进行建构。若电性连接25使用较金属有更高透明度的金属氧化物,被电性连接25遮挡的出光区域会更少。金属氧化物如ITO、IZO、及CTO。
图6显示依据本发明一实施例的剖视图,绘示发光结构单元间的连接。各个发光结构单元26包括上方层28及下方层27。上方层28及下方层27是利用外延成长方式及/或结合技术形成于共同基板30之上。结合技术包括但不限于金属接合、共熔接合、胶体结合、及扩散接合。一发光区31位于上方层28及下方层27之间。当施加一偏压于上方层28与下方层27时,发光区31可以产生光。发光区31的光是等向性地发射。
两个发光结构单元26被沟槽23分开。若两个发光结构单元26彼此串联,绝缘层21形成在沟槽23上以使得电性连接25接触一发光结构单元26的上方层28及另一发光结构单元26的下方层27。于一实施例中,绝缘层21不仅暴露出下方层27的上表面更暴露出下方层27的部分侧壁。下方层27暴露的侧壁可以增加电性连接25与下方层27间的接触面积,也因此可以降低电流密度。
图7显示依据本发明一实施例的数个发光结构单元的剖视图。数个发光结构单元26被基板30支撑。两个相邻的发光结构单元26被沟槽23分隔。在本实施例中,沟槽23呈现梯形,具有较窄的上方开口与较宽的底面。靠近沟槽23的发光结构单元26因此具有大于90度的底切(undercut)侧壁,如图所示。换言之,发光结构单元26具有倒梯形的外观。若发光结构单元26可以由倒梯形的中间部、中心部、或上部发光,通过底切侧壁可以使得往下移动的光线离开发光结构单元26。梯形沟槽可以通过蚀刻方式形成。
依据本发明的一实施例,发光结构单元可以至少包括一第一电性层(例如,上方层)、一转换单元(例如,发光区)、及一第二电性层(例如,下方层)。各个第一电性层及第二电性层具有一单层或多层的群组(多层指二或更多层)。两个分别位于第一电性层及第二电性层上的单层或多层的群组具有不同的极性或不同的掺杂物。例如,第一电性层是p型半导体层,第二电性层是n型半导体层。设置于第一电性层与第二电性层间的转换单元是光能与电能可以被转换或被诱发转换的区域。电能可转换为光能者是如发光二极管、液晶显示器、与有机二极管。光能可被转换为电能者是如太阳能电池、及光电二极管。
就发光二极管而言,转换后光的发光频谱可以通过改变发光二极管中一层或多层的物理或化学配置进行调整。发光二极管的组成材料是如磷化铝镓铟(AlGaInP)系列、氮化铝镓铟(AlGaInN)系列、氧化锌(ZnO)系列等。转换单元的结构是如:单异质结构(singleheterostructure;SH)、双异质结构(doubleheterostructure;DH)、双侧双异质结构(double-sidedoubleheterostructure;DDH)、或多层量子阱(multi-quantumwell;MQW)。再者,调整量子阱的对数也可以改变发光波长。
基板是用以成长或承载发光结构单元,适用的材料包含但不限于锗(Ge)、砷化镓(GaAs)、铟化磷(InP)、蓝宝石(Sapphire)、碳化硅(SiC)、硅(Si)、铝酸锂(LiAlO2)、氧化锌(ZnO)、氮化镓(GaN)、氮化铝(AlN)、玻璃、钻石、CVD钻石、与类钻碳(Diamond-LikeCarbon;DLC)等。此外,基板也可为复合材料、或上述各种材料的组合。
图8A~图8F显示依据本发明一实施例的发光结构单元的制造示意图。首先,参考图8A,提供基板41。基板41的材料可以为硅、碳化硅、蓝宝石、砷化物、磷化物、氧化锌、及氧化镁。然后,在基板41上形成第一半导体层42、活性层43、及第二半导体层44。第一半导体层42是第一电性的外延层。第二半导体层44是第二电性的外延层。第一半导体层42与第二半导体层44的材料包括但不限于含铟的氮化物半导体、含铝的氮化物半导体、及含镓的氮化物半导体。活性层43的材料包括但不限于氮化铟镓、磷化铝镓铟、氮化铝镓、砷化铝镓、及砷化铟镓。
参考图8B~图8D,实施一多阶式图案化制作工艺。首先,定义第二半导体层44的第一区域,再通过光刻及蚀刻技术在第二半导体层44上形成凹部45。然后,如图8C所示,实施第二蚀刻制作工艺以去除第二半导体层44的部分与活性层43的部分直至第一半导体层42暴露出一表面。最后,如图8D所示,实施第三图案化制作工艺,利用光刻及蚀刻技术形成沟槽46以划分第一半导体层42。通过此多阶式图案化制作工艺,发光二极管结构是被阶梯状侧壁分开,如图8D所示。
参考图8E,再形成一绝缘层47于两个分开的发光二极管结构40之间以覆盖相邻发光二极管结构的阶梯状侧壁。其中,绝缘层47是由介电材料所构成,介电材料是如氮化硅、氧化硅、氧化铝、及前述材料的组合。然后,如图8F所示,形成一导电结构48于绝缘结构47之上以使左侧发光二极管结构的第一半导体层42及右侧发光二极管结构的第二半导体层43电性串联。此外,第一电极49a及第二电极49b可以形成在与导电结构48相同或不同的制作工艺中。
除了上述的图案化制作工艺,阶梯状侧壁也可以利用灰阶光掩模(graytonemask)或半色阶光掩模(halftonemask)形成。利用存在于单一光掩模上的不同开孔率,阶梯状侧壁也可以在一次曝光中形成。
参考图9,通过此阶梯状侧壁结构,不同入射角的光线(如箭头所指)因为可以经由不同角度离开发光二极管的侧壁而更容易被摘出。所以发光二极管结构的光摘出效率可以得到提升。此外,由于阶梯状侧壁的平缓坡度,覆盖于发光二极管上的绝缘层与导电结构的轮廓可以更加均匀。
以上各附图与说明虽仅分别对应特定实施例,然而,各个实施例中所说明或揭露的元件、实施方式、设计准则、及技术原理除在彼此显相冲突、矛盾、或难以共同实施之外,吾人当可依其所需任意参照、交换、搭配、协调、或合并。
虽然本发明已说明如上,然而其并非用以限制本发明的范围、实施顺序、或使用的材料与制作工艺方法。对于本发明所作的各种修饰与变更,皆不脱本发明的精神与范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种发光结构,至少包含:
基板;
多个发光单元分开设置于该基板上,包含第一单元以及
与该第一单元相邻的第二单元;
沟槽,介于任两个相邻的发光单元之间,具有一底部、连接该底部之第一侧壁及连接该底部且较该第一侧壁陡峭的第二侧壁,其中该第一单元与该第二单元之间的沟槽具有该第一侧壁;及
电性连接,覆盖该第一单元与该第二单元之间的沟槽的该第一侧壁并电性连接该第一单元及该第二单元。
2.如权利要求1的发光结构,还包含电流网络,连接至该电性连接。
3.如权利要求1的发光结构,还包含与该第一单元相邻的第三单元,该第三单元及该第一单元之间不具有该电性连接,其中该第三单元与该第一单元之间的沟槽具有该第二侧壁。
4.如权利要求1的发光结构,其中该电性连接不位于该第二侧壁之上。
5.如权利要求1的发光结构,其中该第一侧壁沿槽道方向的长度短于该第二侧壁沿槽道方向的长度。
6.如权利要求1的发光结构,其中该第一单元及该第二单元串联或并联。
7.如权利要求1的发光结构,其中该沟槽具有一倒梯形或一近似倒梯形的截面。
8.如权利要求1的发光结构,其中该第一侧壁设置于该第一单元的全部宽度或部分宽度之上。
9.如权利要求1的发光结构,其中该电性连接延伸至该沟槽上方。
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TW201448191A (zh) | 2014-12-16 |
US20230187473A1 (en) | 2023-06-15 |
KR101741035B1 (ko) | 2017-05-29 |
TWI532161B (zh) | 2016-05-01 |
US9196605B2 (en) | 2015-11-24 |
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US10950652B2 (en) | 2021-03-16 |
US20160307961A1 (en) | 2016-10-20 |
US9406719B2 (en) | 2016-08-02 |
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US20160049442A1 (en) | 2016-02-18 |
TW201214690A (en) | 2012-04-01 |
TWI453908B (zh) | 2014-09-21 |
US20190035846A1 (en) | 2019-01-31 |
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