CN1023802C - 制备5-取代-3-糠醛的方法 - Google Patents

制备5-取代-3-糠醛的方法 Download PDF

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CN1023802C
CN1023802C CN89108793A CN89108793A CN1023802C CN 1023802 C CN1023802 C CN 1023802C CN 89108793 A CN89108793 A CN 89108793A CN 89108793 A CN89108793 A CN 89108793A CN 1023802 C CN1023802 C CN 1023802C
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加里·C·M·李
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Abstract

一种制备5-取代-3-糠醛的方法,该方法包括用3-糠醛与锂酰吗啉反应,接着与仲-丁基锂反应,然后再与亲电子试剂反应。

Description

本发明涉及一种制备5-取代-3-糠醛的新方法。这些化合物用作制备药物活性的呋喃酮的中间产品。例如5-三烷基甲硅烷基-3-糠醛用来制备具有抗炎活性的manoalide和manoalide类化合物的中间产品。
由Comins等人在有机化学杂志52:104-109(1987)中报道3-糠醛的金属取代物(锂化)在二位具有高的区域选择性。
由Goldsmith等人于Tetrahedron    letters    24:5835-5838(1983)中报道首先用苯基氢硫基团来封闭3-羟基甲基呋喃的2-位,然后,引入三甲基甲硅烷基基团进入5-位,并从2-位除去苯基氢硫基来制备5-三甲基甲硅烷基-3-羟基甲基呋喃。由Katsumura等人于Tetrahedron    Letters26:5827-5830(1985)中在合成manoalide中采用的这种多步法来制备5-三甲基甲硅烷基-3-羟基甲基呋喃,然后氧化上述产物而得到5-三甲基甲硅烷基-3-糠醛。
本发明涉及一种制备5-取代-3-糠醛化合物的新方法,这种方法可以在单缸过程中来加工完成,而没有中间产品析出。从上述现有技术的揭示中,不能预料在本发明的方法中,金属取代发生在3-糠醛的5-位上,5-取代的-3-糠醛是从3-糠醛制备而不用封闭2-位。
本发明的方法可描述如下:
一种制备5-取代的-3-糠醛的方法,其分子式为:
Figure 891087931_IMG2
式中E是亲电子基团,该方法包括3-糠醛和
(1)锂铣吗啉反应,接着和
(2)次一丁基锂反应,再接着和
(3)亲电子试剂反应。
本发明中典型的亲电子基团(E)是三烷基甲硅烷基;三烷基甲锡烷基;C1-20烷基;C1-20链烯基或是炔基,所说的,双键或三键在C2或大于C2的碳基团上;或在苯环上由卤素,低级烷基或低级烷氧基,N-烷基氨基甲酰基,烷基巯基,苯基巯基或链烷酰基任意取代的苯甲基。
本发明的方法可以采用的亲电子试剂的实例是卤化物、醛、酮、异氰酸酯、环氧化物、二硫化物和酯。
在本发明的方法中可以采用的特定的亲电子试剂是:
三甲基甲硅烷基氯化物
三乙基甲硅烷基氯化物
叔-丁基二甲基-甲硅烷基氯化物
三丁基甲锡烷基氯化物
1-碘辛烷
2-十一烷酮
4-溴代苯甲醛
1-己醛
本发明的方法可按下述进行:
将3-糠醛加入锂酰吗啉溶液中,该溶液按下 述制得:在一适合的溶剂中,如四氢呋喃中,在一惰性气体下如氩气,降低温度使正-丁基锂(在一惰性溶剂如己烷中)同吗啉反应而得到锂酰吗啉溶液。大约15-30分钟后,将在溶剂如环己烷中的仲-丁基锂加入,降低温度搅拌反应混合物约1-8小时,然后加入亲电子试剂。连续搅拌8-40小时,最好10-20小时,同时使反应混合物的温度上升到室温。上述提到的降低的温度大约为-78℃。
由Katsumura等人描述了5-取代的-3-糠醛作为中间产品的使用,如上所述,他们在合成manoalied及manoalide类化合物中使用5-三甲基甲硅烷基-3-糠醛。具有抗炎活性的Manoalied类化合物也是由5-取代-3-糠醛同烷基镁溴化物和乙酐反应而制得2-三甲基甲硅烷基-4-α-乙酸基烷基呋喃。该产物用纯氧处理得到4-α-乙酸基烷基-5-羟基-2(5H)-呋喃酮。
本发明的方法为下列实例证明但不限于下列实例。在下文中温度均为摄氏温度。
实例1
5-三甲基甲硅烷基-3-糠醛。
将正-丁基锂(2.5M己烷溶液;28.8毫升,72毫摩尔)在氩气下于-78°加入到溶于四氢呋喃(700毫升)的吗啉(6.28毫升,72毫摩尔)溶液中。20分钟后,加入3-糠醛(7.0克,72毫摩尔),再20分钟分,将仲-丁基锂(1.3M环己烷溶液;55.4毫升,72毫摩尔)滴入,于-78°下连续搅拌7小时后,加入三甲基甲硅烷基氯化物(27毫升,216毫摩尔)。连续搅拌过夜(14小时)同时使冷浴升至室温。溶液中注入含冰10%的(V/V)盐酸(200毫升),然后在0°下搅拌10分钟,分层。用二乙基醚萃取水相。全部有机相混合,干燥(硫酸镁)和蒸馏后得到一种淡棕色油。再使用2%乙基醚/己烷在二氧化硅上通过闪色谱分离提纯上述油,通过蒸馏而得到Rf约为0.30(二氧化硅,10%乙基醚/己烷)的分馏物的淡黄色油的标题醛。
1H NMR(CDCl3)0.29(S,9H),6.98(S,1H),8.25(S,1H)和9.95(S,1H)。
13C NMR(CDCl3)-2.0,116.2,128.9,155.3,164.1和184.5。
MS精确计算的C8H12O2Si(M+)的168.0607的质量实测值为168.0588。
实例2
5-三乙基甲硅烷基-3-糠醛
将正-丁基锂(2.5M己烷溶液;30.6毫升,76.5毫摩尔)在氩气下,于-78°加入吗啉(6.66毫升,76.5毫摩尔)的四氢呋喃(500毫升)溶液中。15分钟后,加入3-糠醛(6.3毫升,72.8毫摩尔)。再20分钟后,滴入仲-丁基锂(1.3M环己烷溶液;59.0毫升,76.5毫摩尔),在-78°下连续搅拌7小时后,加入三乙基甲硅烷基氯化物(13.4毫升,80.1毫摩尔)。连续搅拌过夜(14小时),同时,使冷浴升至室温,溶液中注入含冰10%(V/V)的盐酸(100毫升),在0°下搅拌10分钟后,分层。用二乙基醚萃取水相。混合全部有相,干燥(硫酸镁)并蒸发得到一种油,在高真空蒸馏这种油得到5-三乙基甲硅烷基-3-糠醛的浅黄色油,沸点85-90°/0.4托。
IR(净):1680cm-1
1H NMR(CDCl3) 0.79(q,6H,J=7.3Hz),0.9(t,9H,J=7.3Hz),7.0(S,1H),8.26(S,1H)和9.95(S,1H)。
13C NMR(CDCl3)2.9,7.1,117.2,128.8,155.6,162.3和184.6。
MS m/e精确计算C11H18O2Si(M+)210.1076的质量实测为210.1071。
实例3
5-(叔-丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)-3-糠醛
将正-丁基锂(2.5M己烷溶液;8.3毫升,20.8毫摩尔)在氩气下于-78°加入吗啉(1.81毫升,20毫摩尔)的四氢呋喃(100毫升)溶液中。20分钟后,加入3-糠醛(1.8毫升,20.8毫摩尔)。再15分钟后,滴入仲-丁基锂(1.3M环己烷溶液;16.8毫升,21.9毫摩尔),在-78°下连续搅拌1小时后,加入叔-丁基二甲基甲硅烷基氯化物(9.4克,62.4毫摩尔)的四氢呋喃(10毫升)溶液中。连续搅拌过夜(16小时)同时,使冷浴升至室温。溶液中注入含冰10%(V/V)盐酸(40毫升),之后在0°下搅拌10分钟,分层。用二乙基醚萃取水相。混合整个有机相,干燥(硫酸镁)和蒸发后得到棕色油,在高真空下蒸馏油得到标题的醛,其沸点80-5°/0.5乇,熔点37-8°。
1H NMR(CDCl3) 0.23(S,6H),0.9(S,9H),6.99(S,1H),8.25(S,1H),和9.94(S,1H)
13C NMR(CDCl3)16.6,26.1,117.3,128.8,155.5,162.7和184.5。
MS精确计算C11H18O2Si(M+)210.1076的质量实测为210.1075。
实例4
5-(正-三丁基甲锡烷基)-3-糠醛
将正-丁基锂(2.5M己烷溶液;8.7毫升,22毫摩尔)在氩气下于-78°加入吗啉(1.9毫升,22毫摩尔)的四氢呋喃(80毫升)溶液中。15分钟后,加入3-糠醛(1.8毫升,21毫摩尔)。再20分钟后,滴入仲-丁基锂(1.3M环己烷溶液;19.2毫升,25毫摩尔),在-78°下连续搅拌4小时,然后加入三丁基甲锡烷基氯化物(8.5毫升,31毫摩尔),在室温下连续搅拌40小时。溶液中注入含冰10%(V/V)盐酸(30毫升),在0°搅拌10分钟后分层。用二乙基醚萃取水相。混合整个有机相,干燥(硫酸镁)和蒸发后得到油,再使用5%的乙基醚/己烷于二氧化硅上用闪色谱分离法提纯上述油。通过蒸发,得到Rf大约为0.27的分馏物的标题的化合物,为极淡黄色的油。
1H NMR(CDCl3) 0.93(m,9H),1.15(m,6H),1.35(m,6H),1.65(m,6H),6.95(S,1H),8.35(S,1H)和9.99(S,1H)。
13C NMR(CDCl3)10.1,13.5,17.5,26.6,26.7,27.0,27.4,27.8,28.6,28.7,28.9,117.8,128.7,156.3,165.2,和184.4。
IR(净)2720-2800,1675(S,S)和1125(S,S)。
MS精确计算C17H30SnO2(M+)384.1257的质量实测为384.1252。
实例5
5-辛基-3-糠醛。
将正-丁基锂(2.5M己烷溶液;4.37毫升,10.9毫摩尔)在氩气下于-78°加入吗啉(0.91毫升,10.4毫摩尔)的四氢呋喃(40毫升)的溶液中。20分钟后,加入3-糠醛(0.9毫升,10.4毫摩尔)。又20分钟后滴入仲-丁基锂(1.3M环己烷溶液;8.4毫升,10.9毫摩尔),在-78°下连续搅拌4小时,然后,加入1-碘辛烷(2.07毫升,11.4毫摩尔)。连续搅拌过夜(17小时),同时使冷浴升至室温。溶液中注入含冰10%(V/V)盐酸(15毫升),在0°下搅拌10分钟后,分层。用二乙基醚萃取水相,混合所有有机相。干燥(硫酸镁)和蒸发后得到油,再使用10%乙基醚/己烷于二氧化硅上通过闪色谱分离法提纯上述油,通过蒸发得到Rf为0.23的分馏物标题的化合物,为无色的针状体。熔点25°(己烷)。
1H NMR(CDCl3) 0.93(t,3H,J=7.2Hz),1.32(br,10H),1.67(t,2H,J=7.1Hz),2.68(t,2H,J=7.8Hz),6.43(S,1H),7.98(S,1H)和9.92(S,1H)。
13C NMR(CDCl3)13.6,22.2,27.1,27.3,28.6,28.7,28.8,31.4,101.3,129.2,149.9,159.0和183.9。
MS精确计算C13H20O2(M+)为208.1463的质量实测为208.1454。
实例6
5-(1-羟基-1-甲基癸基)-3-糠醛
将正-丁基锂(2.5M己烷溶液;4.37毫升,10.9毫摩尔)在氩气下于-78°加入吗啉(0.91毫升,10.4毫摩尔)的四氢呋喃(40ml)溶液中。20分钟后,加入3-糠醛(0.9毫升,10.4毫摩尔)。再20分钟后,滴入仲-丁基锂(1.3M环己烷;8.4毫升,10.9毫摩尔),在-78°下连续搅拌7小时后加入2-十一烷酮(2.36毫升,11.4毫摩尔)。连续搅拌过夜(17小时),同时使冷浴升至室温。溶液中注入含冰10%(V/V)的盐酸(30毫升),在0°下搅拌10分钟后分层。用二乙醚萃取水相。混合全部有机相,干燥(硫酸镁)和蒸发后得到油。在二氧化硅上用闪色谱分离法提纯上述油。通过蒸发得到Rf约为0.07的分馏物的标题的化合物,为黄色油。
1H NMR(CDCl3) 0.91(t,3H,J=7.0Hz),1.28(brs,14H),1.58(S,3H),1.85(m,2H),2.10(br,1H),6.62(S,1H),8.03(S,1H)和9.93(S,1H)。
13C NMR(CDCl3)13.9,22.5,23.9,26.1,29.1,29.3,29.6,31.4,31.7,41.2,71.2,101.4,128.9,150.7,162.8和184.7。
MS精确计算C16H26O3(M+)为266.1881的质量实测值为266.1873。
实例7
5-[(4-溴代苯基)-1-羟基甲基]-3-糠醛。
将正-丁基锂(2.5M己烷溶液;4.37毫升,10.9毫摩尔)在氩气下于-78°加入吗啉(0.91毫升,10.4毫摩尔)的四氢呋喃(30毫升)溶液中。20分钟后,加入3-糠醛(0.91毫升,10.4毫摩尔)。再20分钟后滴入仲-丁基锂(1.3M环己烷溶液;8.4毫升;10.9毫摩尔),并在-78°下连续搅拌4小时后,加入4-溴代苯甲醛(2.11克,11.4毫摩尔)的四氢呋喃(10ml)溶液中。连续搅拌过夜(17小时)M时使冷浴升至室温。溶液中注入含冰10%(V/V)的盐酸(30毫升),在0°下搅拌10分钟后分层。用二乙醚萃取水相。混合整个有机相,干燥(硫酸镁)和蒸发后得到油。再使用40%的乙酸乙酯/己烷于二氧化硅上用闪色谱提纯上述油。通过蒸发而得到Rf约为0.23的分馏物的标题的化合物,一种黄色固体,熔点83-4°(由氯仿重结晶)。
1H NMR(CDCl3)2.85(br,1H),5.83(S,1H),6.56(S,1H),7.34(d,2H,J=8.4HZ),7.55(d,2H,J=8.4Hz),8.05(S,1H)和9.89(S,1H)。
13C NMR(CDCl3)68.6,103.9,121.9,128.0,128.5,131.4,138.8,151.7,158.2和184.9。
MS精确计算C12H9BrO3(M+)质量279.9735的实测为279.9741。
实例8
5-(1-羟基己基)-3-糠醛
将正-丁基锂(2.5M己烷溶液;4.37毫升,10.9毫摩尔)在氩气下于-78°加入吗啉(0.91毫升,10.9毫摩尔)的四氢呋喃(30毫升)中。20分钟后,加入3-糖醛(0.9毫升,10.4毫摩尔)。再20分钟后,滴入仲-丁基锂(1.3M环己烷溶液;8.4毫升,10.9毫摩尔),在-78°下连续搅拌7小时,后加入1-己醛(1.31毫升,10.9毫摩尔)。连续搅拌过夜(16小时),同时使冷浴升至室温。溶剂中注入含冰10%(V/V)的盐酸(30毫升),在0°下搅拌10分钟,分层。用二乙基醚萃取水相。混合所有有机相,干燥(硫酸镁)和蒸发后得到棕色油。再用40%的乙基醚/己烷于二氧化硅上用闪色谱法分离提纯上述油。通过蒸馏得到Rf约为0.08的分馏物的标题的化合物,为黄色油。
1H NMR(CDCl3)0.91(br,3H),1.35(brm 6H),1.86(m,2H),2.25(br,1H),4.72(t,1H),6.74(S,1H),8.05(S,1H)和9.92(S,1H)。
13C NMR(CDCl3)13.8,22.4,24.9,31.4,35.2,67.2,102.5,128.9,151.1,160.0和184.8,
MS精确计算C11H16O3(M+)为196.1099的质量实测为196.1099。
实例9
按照实例8的方法,用异氰酸甲酯代替1-己醛制备5-N-甲基氨基甲酰基-3-糠醛。
实例10
按实例8的方法,用二苯基二硫化物代替1-己醛制备5-苯基氢硫基-3-糠醛。
实例11
按实例8的方法,用乙酸甲酯代替1-己醛制备5-乙酰基-3-糠醛
同样地,用2,2-二甲基乙烯氧化物代替1-己醛,制备5-(2-羟基-2-甲基)丙基-3-糠醛。

Claims (6)

1、一种制备下式化合物的方法,其中E是一个包括Si、Sn、S或O原子并直接键合到呋喃环上的亲电子基团,该方法
Figure 891087931_IMG1
包括用3-糖醛与
(1)锂酰吗啉反应,随后与
(2)仲-丁基锂反应,随后与
(3)一种包括所述E基的亲电子试剂反应。
2、按照权利要求1的方法,其特征在于是E是三烷基甲硅烷基;三烷基甲锡烷基;烷基巯基,苯基巯基或链烷酰基任意取代的苯甲基。
3、按照权利要求2的方法,其特征在于是E是三甲基甲硅烷基,三乙基甲硅烷基,或叔-丁基二甲基甲硅烷基。
4、按照权利要求3的方法,其特征在于是E是三甲基甲硅烷基和亲电子试剂是三甲基甲硅烷基氯化物。
5、按照权利要求2的方法,其特征在于是E是三丁基甲锡基烷基。
6、按照权利要求1的方法,其特征是亲电子试剂是卤化物。
CN89108793A 1988-10-18 1989-10-18 制备5-取代-3-糠醛的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1023802C (zh)

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