CN102356177B - 防止熔损用被覆部件 - Google Patents

防止熔损用被覆部件 Download PDF

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CN102356177B
CN102356177B CN201080012086XA CN201080012086A CN102356177B CN 102356177 B CN102356177 B CN 102356177B CN 201080012086X A CN201080012086X A CN 201080012086XA CN 201080012086 A CN201080012086 A CN 201080012086A CN 102356177 B CN102356177 B CN 102356177B
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奥平宏行
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Abstract

本发明提供通过不仅具有优异的耐熔损性，而且具备耐反复热冲击性而长寿命化，此外，表面层呈现能够以目视把握其劣化的特殊颜色的防止熔损用被覆部件。通过在母材上依次层叠最下层的Cr金属膜、层叠在其上面的CrN膜构成的b层、交替地层叠上述b层和下述a层的叠层膜构成的中间层、和TiSiN膜构成的a层来构成适用于由于与铝金属熔液接触而熔损的铁系材料等母材的被覆部件。

Description

防止熔损用被覆部件
技术领域
本发明涉及用于防止铁素母材等由于与铝金属熔液接触而产生熔损的防止熔损用被覆部件。
背景技术
铁系材料与铝金属熔液反应形成铁-铝合金，即，存在在铝金属熔液中溶出(熔损)的问题。
该熔损问题是包括不锈钢的铁系材料、钛系材料或硬质材料制成的机械部件、模具或刀具等的工具类、有与铝金属熔液接触机会的构件等中也同样产生的问题。
为了防止上述熔损，认为通过防止熔损用的被覆部件被覆熔损对象的铁系材料等制成的母材的表面是简单而有效的方法。在该场合，作为防止熔损用被覆部件必须基本上具有耐熔损性，由于通常与铝金属熔液突然接触，因此必须具备耐热冲击性，并且，必须通过目视来确认被覆材料的劣化状态，因此还要求表面层不是呈现一般的金属色，而是能够由目视把握劣化的特殊的颜色。
作为上述防止熔损用被覆部件的各种陶瓷系材料，是耐热性好、一般显示出高的耐熔损效果的材料，但由于质脆，是因热冲击而被破坏的可能性高的材料。另外，在铁系材料等制成的母材的表面涂覆陶瓷系材料的场合，以能够目视把握劣化的观点考虑呈金色的TiN(氮化钛)是有利的材料，但不能说耐熔损效果充分。另一方面，耐熔损效果高的CrN(氮化铬)(参照专利文献1)，由于呈金属色而存在不能够以目视确认劣化的问题，此外，TiSiN(氮化钛硅)由于呈橙色～紫色系的颜色容易确认劣化，由于耐热温度比CrN高，能够期待更高的耐熔损效果，但由于硬度高，存在热冲击时容易引起破坏的问题。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1：特开平8-209331号公报
发明内容
发明所要解决的课题
本发明的技术课题在于提供通过不仅基本上具有优异的耐熔损性，而且具备耐反复热冲击性而长寿命化，此外，表面层呈现能够以目视把握劣化的特殊颜色的防止熔损用被覆部件。
用于解决课题的手段
为了解决上述课题，根据本发明提供一种防止熔损用被覆部件，其是适用于由于与铝金属熔液接触而熔损的母材的被覆部件，其特征在于，通过在上述母材上层叠最下层、和在其上面依次层叠b层、中间层和a层来构成。上述最下层是Cr金属膜，上述b层是CrN膜，上述中间层是以相同膜不重叠的方式交替地层叠作为a层的TiSiN膜和作为b层的CrN膜的叠层膜，最外层的上述a层是TiSiN膜。
在本发明涉及的防止熔损用被覆部件的优选实施方式中，作为上述母材使用包括不锈钢的铁系材料、钛系材料或硬质材料，另外作为上述a层的TiSiN膜中的金属成分，优选Ti∶Si在90∶10～50∶50(at.％)的范围内，此外，形成上述中间层的交替地层叠了a层和b层的叠层膜作为整体为2层以上，上述最下层、上述b层和上述a层各形成一层，包括层叠在该中间层的两侧的a层和b层的叠层膜的膜厚优选为2～10μm。上述各膜可以采用作为通常的成膜法的物理气相沉积法(PVD法)或等离子化学气相沉积法(P-CVD法)进行成膜。
具有上述构成的本发明的防止熔损用被覆部件，利用耐熔损效果好的CrN与耐热温度比该CrN还高的TiSiN的混合多层膜形成，因此这些材料本身显示优异的耐熔损效果，而且在母材上经由Cr金属膜涂覆硬度低的作为b层的CrN膜，在最外层配置硬度高且耐热性优异的作为a层的TiSiN，作为中间层，以相同膜不重叠的方式交替层叠CrN膜和TiSiN膜，因此在母材和被覆部件的外表面之间形成硬度梯度，由此缓和作用于外表面上的应力，并且提高被覆部件的附着性，尽管在最外层配置硬度高的TiSiN，但在热冲击时也能够抑制破坏发生。
另外，由于在上述母材与为CrN膜的b层之间形成Cr金属膜(最下层)，使Cr离子扩散到母材中，由此也能够提高被覆部件的附着性，另外，上述防止熔损用被覆部件，通过使其膜厚为2～10μm，不仅保持耐熔损特性，而且能够防止热冲击导致的破损。
另一方面，上述防止熔损用被覆部件，在最外层配置硬度高的TiSiN，由于其不是像CrN膜那样呈金属色而难以确认被覆部件的劣化状况，而是呈橙色～紫色系的颜色，容易确认被覆部件的劣化，因此是有效的被覆部件。尤其是，上述最外层的TiSiN，其Si的配合量在20～30(at.％)时显示优异的耐熔损效果，通过在其范围内改变配合量，耐熔损特性也发生若干变化，但能够根据其配合量在橙色～紫色系的范围改变颜色，成为适合于以目视把握被覆部件的熔损状况的颜色，能够容易判断维护时期或更换时期。
发明效果
根据以上详述的本发明的防止熔损用被覆部件，能够提供通过不仅具有优异的耐熔损性，而且具备耐反复热冲击性而长寿命化，此外，表面层呈现能够以目视把握其劣化的特殊的颜色的防止熔损用被覆部件。
附图说明
图1是表示关于本发明的实施例和比较例的实验结果的图。
图2是表示关于表2所示的无表面处理的试件(比较例)的实施例2的处理结果的附图代用彩色显微镜照片(照片中的刻度间隔1mm)。
图3是表示关于表2所示的经氮化处理的试件(比较例)的实施例2的处理结果的附图代用彩色显微镜照片。
图4是表示关于表2所示的经渗铬处理的试件(比较例)的实施例2的处理结果的附图代用彩色显微镜照片。
图5是表示关于表2所示的施加了TiN膜的试件(比较例)的实施例2的处理结果的附图代用彩色显微镜照片。
图6是表示关于表2所示的施加了CrN膜的试件(比较例)的实施例2的处理结果的附图代用彩色显微镜照片。
图7是表示关于表2所示的上层是TiSiN膜(20％)、下层是TiAlN膜的试件(比较例)的实施例2的处理结果的附图代用彩色显微镜照片。
图8是表示有关表2所示的本发明的实施例的实施例2的处理结果的附图代用彩色显微镜照片。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及的防止熔损用被覆部件，是在由于与铝金属熔液接触而熔损的构件上涂覆陶瓷系材料防止其熔损的被覆部件，作为上述熔损的构件，例如有包含压铸用模具的与铝金属熔液接触的压铸用构件或机械部件、刀具等的工具类等。作为进行上述涂覆的母材，一般是不锈钢或包括作为压铸用构件的热模具钢等的铁系材料、钛系材料或硬质材料。通过在这些的母材上进行上述被覆部件的涂覆，能够构成不仅附予优异的耐熔损性、而且具备耐反复热冲击性，此外，表面层呈现能够以目视把握其劣化的特殊的颜色的构件。
涂覆在上述母材上的防止熔损用被覆部件，如表1所示，是通过在作为最下层的Cr金属膜上依次层叠作为b层的CrN膜、下述中间层和作为a层的最外层的TiSiN膜而构成的，除了上述中间层以外各作为1层的形态构成。而且，上述中间层是以相同膜不重叠的方式交替地层叠上述作为a层的TiSiN膜和作为b层的CrN膜的叠层膜，作为整体至少层叠2层以上、270层(膜厚约2μm)以下。包含层叠在该中间层的两侧的最下层、a层(膜厚1～1.5μm)和b层(膜厚1μm左右)的多层膜的膜厚一般地为2～10μm，优选是2.5～3.5μm的范围，该膜厚度薄时耐熔损特性差。而变厚时，在热冲击高的场合被覆部件剥离的可能性增高。再者，最下层的Cr金属膜本身是作为母材与b层膜的粘着剂的材料，因此1μm以下为适宜。
[表1]
Figure BDA0000091667340000051
上述表1中的配合比只以金属成分表示。
作为上述a层的TiSiN膜中的金属成分，只要是Ti∶Si在90∶10～50∶50(at.％)的范围内即可，但从耐熔损效果和生产效率方面考虑，优选在70∶30～80∶20(at.％)的范围内，在上述的范围确实显示优异的耐熔损效果，通过在其范围内使配合量变化，表面的颜色在橙色～紫色系的范围变化，因此成为适合于以目视把握被覆部件的熔损状况的颜色，能够容易判断维护时期和更换时期。此外，在上述母材与作为CrN膜的b层之间形成Cr金属膜，使Cr离子扩散到母材中，该Cr金属膜对改善与b层的CrN膜的附着性也有效地发挥作用。
再者，上述各膜的形成不一定限于上述PVD法或P-CVD法。
以下，对关于本发明的实施例和比较例的实验结果进行说明。
实施例1
作为母材，使用φ6mm、长度150mm的热模具钢(JIS：SKD61材料)制的涂覆杆，在其表面上采用电弧式离子镀法涂覆表1所示的被膜部件(其中，a层和中间层中的TiSiN膜的Ti∶Si为70∶30(at.％)、中间层的总层叠数为90层)，制作本实施例的试样，有关除此以外的比较例，对上述涂覆杆分别进行图1所示的被膜处理制作试样。
将上述实施例和比较例的试样长度的约一半部分在坩埚中的670℃的铝金属熔液(JIS：ADC12)中浸渍25小时后，以其浸渍前后的重量变化评价耐熔损性。由图1中的图表表示结果。
由该结果可知由于呈现金属色而难以目视观察劣化状况的施加了CrN膜的比较例的试样也显示优异的耐熔损性，但本实施例的试样由于是呈现可目视劣化状况的颜色的被覆部件，因此能够确认显示优异的耐熔损性。再者，在此所示的本发明实施例的试样，为了慎重使中间层的总层叠数为90层，但即使该中间层为2层，也可以认为虽然不完全但能发挥硬度梯度的作用，另一方法确认能够抑制热冲击时引起的破坏。
实施例2
作为母材使用与实施例1的场合同样的涂覆杆，对其进行表2的“表面处理名称”所示的扩散·成膜处理后，进行在坩埚中于加热至650℃的铝金属熔液(ADC12)中的90秒的浸渍和在25℃的冷却水中的1秒的浸渍2000循环，观察由热冲击导致的破坏、龟裂和熔损的状况。将热冲导致的破坏·熔损的状况示于图2～图8的彩色显微镜照片中，将这些观察结果示于表2中。
[表2]
表中所示的熔损率以无处理的场合作为100，表示实验前后的重量变化。该熔损率由于不能正确测定其0.5％以下的微量，因此都作为0.5％以下。

Claims (6)

1.一种防止熔损用被覆部件，其是适用于由于与铝金属熔液接触而熔损的母材的被覆部件，其特征在于，通过在所述母材上层叠最下层，和在其上面依次层叠b层、中间层和a层来构成，
所述最下层为Cr金属膜，所述b层是CrN膜，所述中间层是以相同膜不重叠的方式交替地层叠作为a层的TiSiN膜和作为b层的CrN膜的叠层膜，最外层的所述a层是TiSiN膜。
2.权利要求1所述的防止熔损用被覆部件，其特征在于，所述母材是包括不锈钢的铁系材料，钛系材料或硬质材料。
3.权利要求1或2所述的防止熔损用被覆部件，其特征在于，所述作为a层的TiSiN膜中的金属成分的Ti∶Si在90∶10～50∶50(at.％)的范围内。
4.权利要求1或2所述的防止熔损用被覆部件，其特征在于，形成所述中间层的交替地层叠了a层和b层的叠层膜作为整体为2层以上，所述最下层、所述b层和所述a层各为一层。
5.权利要求1或2所述的防止熔损用被覆部件，其特征在于，包括层叠在该中间层的两侧的a层和b层的叠层膜的膜厚为2～10μm。
6.权利要求1或2所述的防止熔损用被覆部件，其特征在于，所述各膜采用物理气相沉积法或等离子化学气相沉积法进行成膜。
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