CN102317063A - 用于自动传动器的多层管 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种用于自动传动器的多层管(1),所述多层管(1)包含对油(特别是DEXRON VI)具有抗性的至少一层弹性材料层(2)。有利地,所述弹性材料层(2)是CSM(聚乙烯氯磺酸酯)和EVM的混合物,其中所包含的EVM与CSM的百分比比例在4∶1和1∶1之间。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及多层管,其包含至少一层特别用于机动车的自动传动器中的弹性材料。
背景技术
众所周知,目前机动车的自动传动器使用能够延长使用寿命并且使自动传动器在极端条件下的操作性更好的特种油品。所述油品在自动传动系统中的运输要求管道具有非常好的机械特征和耐油特征。
所述特种油品通常由添加了具有抗氧化、消泡和抗磨损等功能的多种试剂的润滑油组成,其目的在于改进相对于现行特种油品的性能。特别地,引入所述添加剂的目的在于在保护传动器的机械元件免受润滑油本身影响的条件下,延长传动系统的使用寿命。另一方面,由于所述试剂包含碱性物质和磷酸盐/酯,其对机动车上负责运输的管道中使用的橡胶具有特别高的侵蚀性。
遗憾的是,已证实所述油品对于通常用于制备自动传动器和动力转向系统中的管道的多种聚合物具有特别高的侵蚀性。
研究了多个可选方案;例如,已知HNBR混合物的应用。
然而,尽管由测试的HNBR管道获得了有希望的结果,但从汽车制造商的经济立场上来看,此弹性体的极高成本导致所述方案无法被接受。因此,认为市场特别需要确定出可选的组合物。
然而,目前提出的所有混合物均不能通过汽车制造商的技术规格所需的测试。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供由塑料和耐油性材料制成的管道,其能够替代现行管道并且能够用于使用DEXRON VI油品的自动传动器和动力转向系统,从而达到汽车制造商所需的技术规格。
特别地,通过提供权利要求1所述的管道而实现上述目标。根据本发明的优选实施方式,提供了包括至少一层内层的多层管,所述内层包含EVM和CSM的混合物。
附图说明
为了更好地理解本发明,下面将参考附图对本发明作进一步的描述;附图中显示了根据本发明提供的多层管1的局部横截面视图。
本发明的最佳实施方式
本发明的管道通过用于生产由弹性材料制备的管道的已知方法步骤生产,但确定所使用的材料及其组合是新的。
管道1包含至少一层包含乙烯和乙酸乙烯酯的共聚物(通常也简称为EVM,下文中使用该简称)及乙烯和氯磺酸酯的共聚物(通常也简称为CSM,下文中使用该简称)的混合物的层2。
橡胶工业中使用的EVM或乙烯共乙酸乙烯酯共聚物是通过在200至1000巴的压力和50℃至120℃的温度下,在乙烯和乙酸乙烯酯的溶液中进行共聚合而生产的。
术语″CSM″或“聚乙烯氯磺酸酯”是指一类包含氯和磺酰氯基团的化学改性聚烯烃,其具有弹性体的性质。其通过在引发剂的存在下,引发氯和二氧化硫的混合物、磺酰氯化物与弱碱的反应,或磺酰氯化物与聚烯烃聚合物上氯的反应而获得。所得聚合物可包含20%至60%之间的氯基团和1%至5%之间的以磺酰氯基团形式存在的硫。氯基团具有降低聚合物结晶性的功能,由此得到并赋予所得材料有用的化学性质,例如耐油性,抗氧化性、抗臭氧性和良好的耐热性。磺酰氯基团与二价金属氧化物、二价金属硫化物或二价金属自由基反应形成稳定的晶格。聚合物粗品和硫化聚合物粗品的机械特征是分子量及其分布的函数,并且是存在于起始聚烯烃中的支链的函数。例如,内层2可包含DuPont以Hypalon的商标销售的CSM,例如Hypalon4085。
优选地,在内层2中包含的EVM与CSM的百分比比例在1∶1至4∶1(80∶20)之间。
更优选地,在内层2中包含的EVM与CSM的百分比比例在1∶1至3∶1(75∶25)之间。
纯EVM具有相对较低的门尼粘度值,通常在25至30之间。此特征使挤出操作变得复杂,因此优选具有较高的粘度值。此提高是通过混合EVM和CSM而精确获得的,CSM通常具有较高的门尼粘度,其数值通常在50至100之间。这样,本发明的混合物具有介于通常记录的各组分粘度值之间的中间粘度值,其有利地简化了挤出操作,并且消除了借助填料以克服此问题的需要。
另一方面,在使用EVM∶CSM比例低于1∶1的混合物时,发现所得机械性质变差(另参见实施例中获得的数据),其导致所述管道不适合应对汽车制造商提出的要求。此外,纯CSM与DexronVI的相容性明显有限(参见比较例6)。因此,混合物中过高的CSM含量还导致混合物本身与传动器用油品之间的相容性不利地下降。
内层2可通过本领域技术人员熟知的挤出方法形成。其厚度可根据选作基体材料的聚合物而变化,并且平均为1mm至2mm之间,优选1.2mm至1.8mm之间,更优选约1.4mm。
管道1的内径可优选在5mm至12mm之间变化,更优选6mm至10mm之间。
此外,内层2还可包含常规添加剂,例如塑化剂、硫化剂、抗氧化剂、填料等。
本发明管道的内层2还可以进一步与化学性质不同的层相结合。
此外,管道1还包含一层或多层包含强化网(reinforcement mesh)的强化层(reinforcement layers)3、5。所述强化网包含由聚合物获得的纤维,所述聚合物选自脂肪族聚酰胺、芳香族聚酰胺和聚酯构成的组。优选所述强化层3、5包含由芳香族聚酰胺获得的纤维。
在隔离层4和强化层5之间,任选地设置第二内层,其优选选自由丙烯腈/丁二烯、氢化丙烯腈/丁二烯、聚乙烯氯磺酸酯、EPDM、聚乙烯盐酸盐组成的组。此第二内层的厚度显然根据所选聚合物而变化,但通常在0.25mm至1.50mm之间,优选在0.45mm至0.65mm之间。
有利地,可在上述层上挤出覆盖层6,其包含例如选自如下组成的组中的聚合物:聚乙烯氯磺酸酯、HNBR、丙烯腈/丁二烯和PVC的混合物、聚乙烯盐酸盐、EPDM、氯丁二烯、EVA和EVM。优选用于层6中的弹性体为CSM、CPE、EVM或其混合物。覆盖层6的厚度依赖于组成该层的聚合物的性质,并且可在1mm至2mm的范围,优选在1.2mm至1.8mm之间。更优选所述厚度为约1.4mm。
特别地,本发明多层管1的结构显示出对侵蚀性化学试剂,更特别的是对用于自动传动器的新型油品的惊人抗性。润滑油领域的研究已指向新型组合物的研发,其具有愈加正则的粘度谱,从而能够在极端条件下具有高性能水平,并且限制润滑油的性质随时间而变差。特别地,已提出了对剪切稳定性和氧化稳定性的需求。
对于润滑油特别重要的参数为粘度指数和倾点。粘度指数是由用于石油工业中的常规标度表示的特征,其主要表示粘度随温度的变化。例如在40℃具有相同粘度的两种润滑剂,粘度指数较高的一种在低温下确保更容易的启动(内摩擦较低),并且在高温下确保更高的表面分离程度(润滑膜的厚度)。倾点是指在被冷却时,润滑剂持续流动的最低温度。低于倾点时,油品变“粘稠”,并且不能自由流动。
通常,用于自动传动器的润滑油的粘度指数介于140至200之间且倾点低-40℃。
特别地,多层管1的结构对侵蚀性特别高的油品,例如DEXRON-VIATF具有抗性。本发明多层管1的结构将所述惊人的化学抗性与机械性能组合,从而使其适合于机动车上的多种应用。本发明管道的爆破压力大于300巴。
此外,其成本有限并且具有柔韧性,因此,易于安装,并且在发动机机舱的组件排列中具有高自由度。
最后,在不偏离本发明的保护范围内,显然可以对本文描述和说明的多层管进行修饰,特别是在构成各种层的化学组分之间的百分比比例和层的相对厚度,以及层本身的数量方面进行的修饰。例如,可存在其他内层和由纺织材料制成的其他强化层。
下文将通过实施例描述本发明,但本发明并不仅限于这些实施例。
实施例1-6
按照已知技术在已知条件下通过挤出由EVM和CSM的混合物构成的层来生产本发明的多层管。
特别地,对具有表1和表2所示组成(以phr表示)的混合物进行试验测试,并与仅包含EVM的混合物进行比较。
表1
比较例I | II | III | IV | |
Hypalon 4085 | 25 | 25 | 50 | |
Levapren 700HV | 100 | 75 | 75 | 50 |
MgO | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
ZnO | 5 | |||
CaCO3 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 |
ZMBI | 0.4 | |||
Naugard 445 | 1.1 | |||
Irganox 1425WL | 1 | 2 | ||
N550 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 |
滑石 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 |
塑化剂 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 |
PCD-50 | 3 | 1 | 0.5 | |
Perkadox 14/40 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 |
硫化剂 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
TMQ | 25 | 25 | 0.1 | |
合计 | 240.00 | 232.50 | 232.50 | 231.10 |
表2
V | |
Hypalon 4085 | 60 |
Levapren 700HV | 40 |
CaCO3 | 25 |
PE蜡 | 4 |
活化剂 | 3 |
MgO | 8 |
塑化剂 | 25 |
N772 | 75 |
硫化助剂 | 5 |
DCP 70 | 4.5 |
抗氧化剂 | 0.1 |
合计 | 249.60 |
通过测量各自的极限强度、极限伸长率和硬度(分别在150℃的空气和Dexron VI中老化72小时后重复)并通过DSC测定熔点在物理和机械方面对混合物I、II、III、IV和V进行表征。
所得数据显示在下表3中。
表3
本发明EVM/CSM混合物在空气中的分解性质通常良好。在与Dexron VI长期接触后,记录到的EVM/CSM混合物体积变化有限,并伴随基本可忽略的硬度变化,这表明所述橡胶与Dexron VI之间惊人的良好相容性。
由多种混合物之间的比较清楚可见,以本发明的比例范围共同存在的EVM和CSM总能带来在DexronVI中老化后的近乎有限的体积增加。具体地,其总是低于5%,该数值表明与传动油的良好化学相容性,其落入汽车制造商所需的范围之内。因此,有利的是,从机械观点来看,证实了在本发明比例范围内的EVM/CSM混合物的机械性质受Dexron VI长期接触的影响明显减少。特别地,对于混合物IV,在Dexron VI中老化后,极限强度的数值基本保持不变。
最后,下表4中给出了由仅包含CSM但不包含EVM的比较混合物VI获得的数据。
表4
Claims (8)
1.一种用于运输烃的多层管(1),所述多层管(1)包含至少一层由弹性材料制成的内层(2),其特征在于所述内层(2)包含乙烯共乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVM)和乙烯与氯磺酸酯的共聚物(CSM),其中所包含的EVM∶CSM的比例在4∶1至1∶1之间。
2.如权利要求1所述的多层管(1),其特征在于所述EVM∶CSM的比例在3∶1至1∶1之间。
3.如前述任一项权利要求所述的多层管(1),其特征在于所述内层(2)的厚度介于1mm至2mm之间。
4.如前述任一项权利要求所述的多层管(1),其特征在于包含至少一层强化纱(3,5),所述强化纱包含由聚合物获得的纤维,所述聚合物选自脂肪族聚酰胺、芳香族聚酰胺和聚酯组成的组。
5.如前述任一项权利要求所述的多层管(1),其特征在于包含覆盖层(6),所述覆盖层(6)包含选自如下组成的组中的材料:聚乙烯氯磺酸酯、HNBR、丙烯腈/丁二烯和PVC的混合物、聚乙烯盐酸盐、EPDM、氯丁二烯、EVA和EVM及其混合物。
6.前述任一权利要求所述的多层管用于运输传动油的应用。
7.如权利要求6所述的应用,其特征在于所述油是用于自动传动器的润滑油,其粘度指数介于140至200之间且倾点低于-40℃。
8.一种用于机动车的自动传动系统,其包含权利要求1-5中任一项所述的管。
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ITTO2008A000821A IT1391623B1 (it) | 2008-11-06 | 2008-11-06 | Tubo multistrato per una trasmissione automatica |
ITTO2008A000821 | 2008-11-06 | ||
PCT/IB2009/007352 WO2010052557A1 (en) | 2008-11-06 | 2009-11-05 | Multi-layer tube for an automatic transmission |
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EP (1) | EP2349706A1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN102317063A (zh) |
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US20120031519A1 (en) | 2012-02-09 |
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EP2349706A1 (en) | 2011-08-03 |
WO2010052557A1 (en) | 2010-05-14 |
ITTO20080821A1 (it) | 2010-05-07 |
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