CN102298108A - Impact characteristic simulation test apparatus of earthing device and method thereof - Google Patents
Impact characteristic simulation test apparatus of earthing device and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an impact characteristic simulation test apparatus of an earthing device and a method thereof, and belongs to the simulation test field of the earthing device. The impact characteristic simulation test apparatus comprises an impact current generator, a semispherical test bath, a simulation earthing device, a core penetration type current sensor, an impact voltage divider, a wideband digital oscilloscope, a coaxial shielding cable and the like. According to the method, by employing the apparatus in the invention, an impact simulation test of the earthing device is carried out. According to the invention, a soil discharge process that a real lightning current goes through the earthing device and flows to surrounding soil is simulated accurately, and an impact earthing impedance of the earthing device and an impact flow rule of the earthing device are measured. The apparatus has the characteristics of high reliability, good security, low test cost and the like. The apparatus and the method can be widely applied to measurement of the impact impedance and the impact flow rule of the earthing device under an effect of a heavy impact current, and are especially suitable for measurement of the impact impedance and the impact flow rule of the earthing device under an effect of a lightning current.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the modelling technique field of earthing device, be specifically related to the impact characteristics simulation test device and the simulation experiment method of earthing device.
Background technology
The impact characteristics of research earthing device has very significant meaning to safety, the reliability service of electric system, the impact characteristics of measuring earthing device by the method for test is the important means of ground connection research always, utilize the simulation test of earthing device impact characteristics can measure the impact characteristics of earthing device accurately, reliably, thereby instruct the appropriate design and the construction of earthing device in the electric system, for the safe operation of electric system provides safeguard.
The test unit of existing earthing device impact characteristics and method, as application number 200910063596.9 " shock ground resistance of transmission line tower measuring method and instrument thereof ", this patent disclosure be at first the earthing device of electric power line pole tower to be applied dash current, measure the response voltage and the dash current amplitude of shaft tower earthing device then, utilize instrument to carry out the data acquisition and processing (DAP) of voltage, electric current at last, thereby calculate the impulse earthed resistance that obtains earthing device in the engineering reality.And for example application number is " impact grounding impedance measuring system and measuring method thereof " patent of 201010166901.X, and disclosed measuring system comprises: high-voltage DC power supply, high-voltage pulse electric capacity, discharge loop, high-voltage charging switch, high-voltage discharging switch, with the divertor of high-voltage pulse electric capacity and discharge loop series connection and the water resistance voltage divider that links to each other with reference stake resistance in the discharge loop.Disclosed method is: closed high charge switch at first, disconnect the motion sphere gap switch, and give the charging of high-voltage pulse electric capacity; When the voltage of high-voltage pulse electric capacity reaches predetermined value, disconnect the high-voltage charging switch, closing motion sphere gap switch, high-voltage pulse capacitor discharge; The impact impedance ground value of the surge voltage that utilization collects, dash current data computation earthing device.More than the major defect of two patents be: 1. can only obtain the impact impedance ground of earthing device, can not obtain other impact characteristics of earthing device, as impact the distributions rule etc. of loosing; 2. because the transportation and the restriction of other many conditions, the amplitude of dash current is less in the test, the soil discharge process in the time of can not simulating actual lightning current preferably soil looses stream towards periphery by earthing device.Therefore can not obtain earthing device impact characteristics comprehensively and accurately.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is at the test unit of existing earthing device impact characteristics and the deficiency of method, the impact characteristics simulation test device and the method for earthing device are provided, it is good to have versatility, produces that the dash current amplitude is big, test findings is accurate, security good, can easily adjust characteristics such as test parameters.
The technical scheme that realizes the object of the invention is: a kind of impact characteristics simulation test device of earthing device mainly comprises impulse current generator, semisphere test flume, analogue ground device, core-theaded type current sensor, surge voltage voltage divider, wide band digital oscillograph and coaxial shielding cable etc.
Described impulse current generator is commercial module, and instantaneous generation amplitude is 8
～200kA is adjustable, the wavefront time is 1.2
～20
Variable, the wave rear time is 20
～1000
Variable two index current waves.Impulse current generator mainly comprises: intelligence control system, pressure regulator, step-up transformer, silicon stack, wave regulating resistor R, harmonic inductance L, impulse capacitor group, pneumatic ignition pill crack, air compressor.Intelligence control system by optical fiber, is connected with pressure regulator, stomatal movement module respectively respectively.The air admission hole of described stomatal movement module links to each other with air compressor by tracheae, the vent port of stomatal movement module links to each other with inflator pump, in order to realize switching, the control in impulse capacitor group duration of charging of intelligence control system to the stomatal movement module of the output voltage of pressure regulator, air compressor; The end of incoming cables of pressure regulator is connected with the 220V power frequency supply by lead, and the leading-out terminal of pressure regulator is connected by lead with the former limit of step-up transformer; The secondary of step-up transformer is connected with lead with silicon stack; The lead of drawing of silicon stack is connected with wave regulating resistor R, harmonic inductance L successively; The lead of drawing of harmonic inductance is connected with the positive pole of impulse capacitor group; The impulse capacitor group is by 4
～20 10
～The impulse capacitor of 100 μ F composes in parallel, and wherein per 2
～3 impulse capacitors compose in parallel 1 group, each group arranges uniformly, and to form one be the annulus of not remaining silent in the center of circle with connected pneumatic ignition pill crack, each group pulse capacitor anode all is connected by first copper ball base in braiding copper strips and pneumatic ignition pill crack, when impulse capacitor discharges, circular ring type is arranged the electric current that goes from each impulse capacitor to the analogue ground device can be arrived in a flash together, thereby improve the amplitude of dash current, the negative pole of impulse capacitor group is connected and ground connection by band steel with the outer wall of semisphere test flume; Pneumatic ignition pill crack is made up of first copper ball, second copper ball and cylindrical inflator pump, the stationkeeping of first copper ball also links to each other with the positive pole of impulse capacitor group, second copper ball is connected by the electric current decanting point of the analogue ground device in the sand in weaving copper strips and being embedded in the semisphere test flume, be applied on the analogue ground device in order to the dash current with impulse current generator output, the base of upper and lower half copper ball is right cylinder; The bottom surface of inflator pump is fixed on the disc-shaped base, its roof opening, sidewall has an aperture and links to each other with tracheae, the other end of tracheae is connected with the vent port of stomatal movement module, the internal diameter of cylindrical inflator pump and the base diameter of second copper ball equate, when the base of second copper ball was placed in the inflator pump, inflator pump possessed good air tightness; The vent port of stomatal movement module links to each other by tracheae with cylindrical inflator pump, when intelligence control system is sent triggering command, the vent port of stomatal movement module is open, air-flow enters in the described inflator pump, second copper ball that promotes pneumatic ignition pill crack moves upward, and makes the clearance by discharge breakdown.After triggering command disappears, second copper ball falls back to the original position under the effect of gravity, wait for next time and triggering, in addition, being connected with the copper strips of certain-length between the base of second copper ball and round base, is in order to prevent that second copper ball from being shifted onto the high position by air-flow and first copper ball collides and damage ball crack.
Described semisphere test flume is a diameter 0.5
～10m, outer wall by thick be 1
～The material of 3mm is the hemispherical shell of steel plate, is used as the collector of analogue ground, and the simulation electromotive force is zero infinite distance the earth, ground connection after the outer wall of semisphere test flume is connected with the negative pole of the impulse capacitor group of aforementioned impulse current generator by band steel.Being equiped with particle diameter in described semisphere test flume is 0.05
～The moisture sand of 1mm comes the artifical resistance rate to be by the water cut that changes sand
Soil.In moisture sand, be embedded with the analogue ground device.
The material of described analogue ground device is identical with the material of tested actual earthing device, and the physical dimension of described analogue ground device (being length and sectional area) is 5 with the ratio n of the physical dimension (being length and sectional area) of tested actual earthing device
～100(n is the simulation ratio).On the conductor of described analogue ground device every 5
～20cm chooses a point (being the axial current tested point of the analogue ground device) row labels of going forward side by side, and the core-theaded type current sensor is sleeved on described axial current tested point place, in order to the axial current at the axial current tested point place of measure analog earthing device.Described analogue ground device is embedded in the interior sand of aforementioned semisphere test flume, the degree of depth of burying underground is determined according to the depth of burying and the simulation ratio n of actual earthing device, and the center that requires analogue ground device distance of each point to the aforementioned semisphere test flume outer wall equates, to guarantee the accuracy of simulation test.Electric current decanting point place at described analogue ground device is connected with the base of second copper ball in the pneumatic ignition pill crack of aforementioned impulse current generator by the braiding copper strips, in order to inject dash current, the analogue ground device is carried out the impact characteristics simulation test to the analogue ground device.
Described core-theaded type current sensor is by magnetic conduction skeleton, copper coil, integrating circuit, bayonet nut connector body and polymer insulation shell are not formed.Described not magnetic conduction skeleton is that internal diameter is 2
～10cm, external diameter are 2.5
～12cm, diameter of section are 1
～4cm, material are the annulus of non-magnetic polymkeric substance, and its effect is fixing copper coil, avoid the sensor iron core saturated when measuring heavy impulse current simultaneously.Described copper coil directly is 0.44 by line
～1.67mm the copper enameled wire evenly be wound on the not magnetic conduction skeleton of annular, the number of turn of coiling is 50
～1000 circles, the extension line at copper coil two ends is connected with the input end of integrating circuit, in order to induction electromotive force
Carry out integration, thereby obtain
The size of t variation in time.The output terminal of integrating circuit is connected with the bayonet nut connector plug of coaxial shielding cable one end by bayonet nut connector body, the other end of coaxial shielding cable is connected with the oscillographic second input channel CH2 of wide band digital by bayonet nut connector plug, exports the oscillographic second input channel CH2 of wide band digital in order to the output signal with the core-theaded type current sensor to by the coaxial shielding cable.Being cast with thickness on described core-theaded type current sensor surface is 0.8
～The polymer insulation shell of 2cm is damaged measuring equipment in order to prevent big electric current from scurrying into the measurement loop at core-theaded type current sensor place.When the described polymer insulation shell of core-theaded type current sensor surface casting, bayonet nut connector body should be arranged on outside the polymer insulation shell, make things convenient for the signal output part of core-theaded type current sensor to link to each other with the coaxial shielding cable.The measurement bandwidth of core-theaded type current sensor is 160Hz
～4 MHz, it not only has good response characteristic, can measure heavy impulse current accurately, and because the core-theaded type current sensor with circuit-under-test directly getting in touch of electricity is not taken place.When the waveform of measuring injection analogue ground device total current and amplitude thereof, described core-theaded type current sensor is sleeved on the braiding copper strips of analogue ground device injection current; When the axial current waveform of each tested point of measure analog earthing device and amplitude thereof, described core-theaded type current sensor is sleeved on the axial current tested point of analogue ground device.
The core-theaded type current sensor is identical with the principle of work of Rogowsky (Rogowski) coil, and the voltage that the magnetic field that promptly utilizes tested electric current to produce is responded to is in coil measured electric current.According to electromagnetic induction principle, pass in the conductor of core-theaded type current sensor coil and pass through electric current
The time, the induction electromotive force that produces in the Rogowski coil
With
Relation suc as formula shown in 1..
The M value is relevant with the geometric configuration of coil.
Described surge voltage voltage divider is commercial module, and measuring amplitude is-400
～400kV, frequency are 0
～The voltage signal of 1MHz, measured signal do not produce decay and distortion.Described surge voltage voltage divider is arranged on the output terminal of aforesaid impulse current generator, and the high-pressure side of surge voltage voltage divider is connected by the dash current decanting point of the interior analogue ground device of braiding copper strips and aforesaid semisphere test flume; The earth terminal of surge voltage voltage divider connects by the band steel that the braiding copper strips and the outer wall of described semisphere test flume are connected with the negative pole of aforesaid impulse capacitor group; The signal output part of surge voltage voltage divider is equiped with bayonet nut connector plug by two ends coaxial shielding cable is connected with the oscillographic first input channel CH1 of wide band digital, in order to export the surge voltage measuring-signal to the wide band digital oscillograph.
Described wide band digital oscillograph is commercial product, and gathering amplitude simultaneously at 2 signal sampling channels is-400
～400V, frequency are 0
～The voltage signal of 100MHz, sample frequency are 0
～10GS/s, memory capacity are 0
～100MB can guarantee the precision and the length of acquired signal.The oscillographic power supply of described wide band digital is self-contained storage battery and inverter integrated drive generator or off-line ups power, this not only can improve the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of the signal that the wide band digital oscillograph obtains, and can prevent impulse current generator when discharge, heavy impulse current causes laboratory earth mat current potential sharply to raise and damage wide band digital oscillograph with going into.
Described coaxial shielding cable is commercial SYV-75-5 type radio-frequency cable, and installs bayonet nut connector plug respectively additional at the two ends of coaxial shielding cable, is used for convenient the connection.The effect of coaxial shielding cable is respectively the measuring-signal of surge voltage voltage divider and core-theaded type current sensor to be transferred to the oscillographic first input channel CH1 of wide band digital and the second input channel CH2, the screen layer of coaxial shielding cable can guarantee that the interference level that signal is subjected to is lower in transmission course, thereby guarantees higher measuring accuracy.
A kind of impact characteristics simulation experiment method of earthing device utilizes apparatus of the present invention, through determining simulation strip spare, connects the test loop, carries out the impulsive discharge test, and steps such as data computation processing are carried out the shock simulation test of earthing device, and its concrete steps are as follows:
(1) determines the simulation test condition
At first confirmed test condition, promptly determine material, size, the depth of burying of electric current decanting point position, the analogue ground device of resistivity, the analogue ground device of sand in wave head time of dash current and wave rear time, amplitude, the semisphere test flume, the position of core-theaded type current sensor etc., specifically determine as follows:
1. the wave head time of dash current and wave rear time is definite, and according to the wave head time and the wave rear time of actual lightning current, and simulation ratio n determines.Promptly earlier respectively with wave head time of actual lightning current, wave rear time divided by simulation ratio n, calculate wave head time, the wave rear time of the dash current of simulation test, reach the wave head time of the dash current that is calculated, wave rear time by the wave regulating resistor R in the change impulse current generator loop, the size of harmonic inductance L again.
2. determining of the amplitude of dash current is definite according to the amplitude and the simulation ratio n of actual lightning current.Promptly earlier with the amplitude of actual lightning current divided by n
2, calculate the dash current amplitude of simulation test, again the amplitude of regulating dash current in the test by the charging voltage preset value of regulating impulse capacitor group in the impulse current generator.
3. the resistivity of sand determines that the soil resistivity of burying the place according to actual earthing device underground is definite in the described semisphere test flume.Promptly by the airing sand or add the resistivity that water is regulated sand in sand, the soil resistivity up to the resistivity of sand and the actual earthing device place of burying underground is identical or close (to make the resistivity of sand and the difference of actual soil resistivity be controlled at 1%
～2%) till.
Determining of the electric current decanting point position of 4. described analogue ground device determined according to the pad of actual earthing device and down conductor.Regulate the dash current decanting point position of analogue ground device by the tie point position of regulating braiding copper strips and analogue ground device.
The material of 5. described analogue ground device is identical with the material of actual earthing device.The described analogue ground device size and the depth of burying are determined according to size, the depth of burying and the simulation ratio n of actual earthing device, the method of determining the analogue ground device size and the depth of burying is: (1) determines the physical dimension and the depth of burying thereof of actual earthing device according to the actual conditions of earthing device in the engineering; (2) with the physical dimension of actual earthing device and the depth of burying thereof respectively divided by simulation ratio n, obtain the physical dimension and the depth of burying thereof of analogue ground device, its physical dimension comprises the length of conductor and the sectional area of conductor.
Determining of the position of 6. described core-theaded type current sensor: when the waveform of measuring injection analogue ground device total current and amplitude thereof, described core-theaded type current sensor is sleeved on the braiding copper strips of analogue ground device injection current; When the axial current waveform of each tested point of measure analog earthing device and amplitude thereof, earlier each axial current tested point on the analogue ground device is numbered (promptly from the electric current decanting point, order number consecutively by 1,2,3), described core-theaded type current sensor is set in successively on each axial current tested point of analogue ground device again.
(2) connect the test loop
(1) step was carried out wiring according to apparatus of the present invention to the test loop after finishing.That is: connecting line with band steel is connected the negative pole of described impulse capacitor group and ground connection respectively with the outer wall of semisphere test flume; Connecting line with the braiding copper strips links to each other the base of second copper ball of described impulse current generator with the electric current decanting point of analogue ground device; Link to each other with the oscillographic first input channel CH1 of wide band digital with the signal output part of coaxial shielding cable, show in order to the surge voltage waveform on the analogue ground device is exported to the wide band digital oscillograph with the surge voltage voltage divider; Be sleeved on the braiding copper strips that is used to analogue ground device injection dash current the core-theaded type current sensor or the axial current tested point place of analogue ground device, in order to the total injection current of measure analog earthing device or the axial current of each axial current tested point, the signal output part of core-theaded type current sensor is linked to each other with the oscillographic second input channel CH2 of wide band digital, export the wide band digital oscillograph in order to the waveform of the axial current of total injection current of analogue ground device that the core-theaded type current sensor measurement is obtained or tested point and show.Check at last whether wiring correct, connect whether good, when whole wiring connect good after, just can carry out next step.
(3) carry out the impulsive discharge test
(2) step finish after, open air compressor earlier, restart the intelligence control system of impulse current generator, charging voltage is set in the intelligence control system, make charging voltage value equal the charging voltage preset value of determining in (1) step, and be set the duration of charging according to the size of charging voltage, when charging voltage during greater than 50kV, duration of charging is set to 90s, otherwise then the duration of charging is set to 60s, and this is too fast and make the accelerated deterioration of impulse capacitor group or the phenomenon such as inhomogeneous of charging takes place for fear of charging.After setting is finished, press " beginning charging " key, when treating that the charging of impulse capacitor group reaches the predeterminated voltage value, press " triggering " key, second copper ball ball crack in the process that moves upward in the pneumatic ignition pill of impulse current generator crack is breakdown, dash current
Act on the analogue ground device in the semisphere test flume, thereby finish the one-shot discharge test, successively the analogue ground device is carried out the impulsive discharge test, in order to the axial current of the tested point of total injection current of measure analog earthing device or analogue ground device, and to require the time interval of per twice impulsive discharge test be 2
～4 minutes, the electrical specification of guaranteeing sand in the later half spherical test flume of each impulsive discharge had time enough to recover normal, the sand characteristic unanimity when making each impulsive discharge test in the semisphere test flume, thus guarantee the accuracy of measurement result.
(4) data computation is handled
(3) step finish after, when calculating the impact impedance ground of analogue ground device, act on impulse current waveform on the analogue ground device and the surge voltage waveform on the analogue ground device according to what show on (3) the step wide band digital oscillograph, read dash current
Amplitude
And surge voltage
Amplitude
, and utilize expression formula 3. to calculate the impact impedance ground of analogue ground device.
③
For guaranteeing the reliability of measurement data, under the prerequisite that does not change dash current and core-theaded type current sensor position, repeat 5 times and measure.Therefore after measuring the one-shot impedance ground, returned for (3) step, trigger the impulse current generator discharge once more and read dash current according to the dash current and the surge voltage waveform of wide band digital oscillograph recording
Amplitude
And surge voltage
Amplitude
, 3. calculate the impact impedance ground of analogue ground device according to expression formula.5 times so repeatedly, 5 that obtain same analogue ground device are impacted impedance ground, give up 5 maximal value and minimum value in the value, impact impedance grounds to all the other 3 and ask on average, this mean value i.e. the impact impedance ground of simulation earthing device under the dash current effect for this reason.As continue to measure the impact impedance ground of simulation earthing device under other amplitude dash current effects, then at first return the charging voltage of (1) step joint impulse capacitor group, enter (2) step connection test circuit then, circulation is at last carried out (3) step and (4) and is gone on foot, according to the wide band digital oscilloscope measurement to electric current and voltage data calculate this amplitude the dash current effect under the impact impedance ground of simulation earthing device.
When the stream rule is loose in the impact of calculating the analogue ground device, the axial current amplitude of each axial current tested point that gets according to (3) pacing then, the diffusing stream that calculates each section of analogue ground device conductive surface is big or small.At first the core-theaded type current sensor is sleeved in the test and is numbered
Axial current tested point place, finish successively then (2) step, (3) step, according to what show on the wide band digital oscillograph
The axial current waveform at some place reads its amplitude
For guaranteeing data reliability, repeating 5 times under the prerequisite that does not change impulse current waveform, amplitude and core-theaded type current sensor position measures, measured at least 3 minutes at interval for per 2 times, the electrical specification of guaranteeing sand in the later half spherical test flume of each impulsive discharge has the sufficiently long time to recover normal, give up 5 maximal value and minimum value in the measured value at last, 3 remaining measured values are asked on average, this mean value is promptly as the current amplitude at axial current tested point m place.After measuring the current amplitude at axial current tested point m place, under the prerequisite that does not change impulse current waveform, amplitude, change the position of core-theaded type current sensor, with its be sleeved on the axial current tested point (
) locate, repeat above-mentioned test procedure, obtain point (
) the axial current amplitude.By the position of continuous change core-theaded type current sensor, measure the axial current amplitude of all the other each axial current tested points, up to the axial current amplitude that obtains all axial current tested points on the analogue ground device.
After measuring the axial current amplitude of all tested points on the analogue ground device, utilize two adjacent tested points
,
The axial current amplitude at place is respectively
,
Come calculation level
And the point
Between the loose amplitude of stream of the surface of conductor segment be:
After flow valuve is loose on the surface that calculates all conductor segment of analogue ground device, promptly obtained the diffusing stream of the impact of analogue ground device under this dash current effect rule.
After the present invention adopts technique scheme, mainly have following effect:
(1) capacity of the impulse current generator of apparatus of the present invention is very big, therefore can in simulation test, produce the very high dash current of amplitude, thereby the soil discharge process of complexity improves the reliability of analog reslt greatly in the time of can accurately simulating actual lightning current soil looses stream towards periphery by earthing device.
(2) total injection current that the core-theaded type current sensor of apparatus of the present invention not only can the measure analog earthing device, thereby calculate the impact impedance ground of analogue ground device, but also the axial current of each axial current tested point of energy measurement analogue ground device, the stream rule thereby the conductive surface that calculates simulation earthing device under the dash current effect looses.
(3) the core-theaded type current sensor of apparatus of the present invention can accurately be measured the total injection current of earthing device and the axial current of each axial current tested point of earthing device, therefore do not influence circuit-under-test again, guaranteed the precision of the dash current that measures in the simulation test.
(4) apparatus of the present invention diameter is 0.5
～Moisture sand in the semisphere test flume of 10m can be simulated the soil at place, actual earthing device place, to originally need become indoor carrying out in the outdoor test of carrying out, not only saved experimentation cost, and made test reduced greatly by the degree of weather and environmental impact.
(5) the wide band digital oscillograph of apparatus of the present invention adopts self-contained storage battery and inverter combination or the power supply of off-line ups power, in the time of effectively preventing the impulse current generator discharge, laboratory earth mat current potential sharply raises and the generation of measuring equipment phenomenons such as damage wide band digital oscillograph, core-theaded type current sensor.
(6) the inventive method has simply, and is easy and simple to handle, can easily adjust advantages such as test parameters.In addition, the simulation test security is good, the accuracy of analog reslt and reliability height.
The present invention can be widely used in measuring the impact impedance ground of earthing device under the heavy impulse current effect and impact the stream rule of loosing, and is specially adapted to measure the impact impedance of the earthing device under the lightning current effect and impacts the stream rule of loosing.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the principle schematic of apparatus of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the impulse capacitor group of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation that amplify in the pneumatic ignition pill crack of Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the core-theaded type current sensor of Fig. 1;
Fig. 5 is the A-A cut-open view of Fig. 4.
Among the figure: 1 impulse current generator, 2 intelligence control systems, 3 pressure regulators, 4 step-up transformers, 5 silicon stacks, 6 wave regulating resistors, 7 harmonic inductance, 8 impulse capacitor groups, 9 pneumatic ignition pill cracks, 10 air compressor, 11 surge voltage voltage dividers, 12 wide band digital oscillographs, 13 semisphere test flumes, 14 analogue ground devices, 15 core-theaded type current sensors, 16 coaxial shielding cables, 17 optical fiber, 18 impulse capacitors, 19 first copper balls, 20 second copper balls, 21 bases, 22 inflator pumps, 23 braiding copper strips, 24 pedestals, 25 magnetic conduction skeletons not, 26 polymer insulation shells, 27 copper coils, 28 bayonet nut connector bodies, 29 integrating circuit.
Embodiment
Further specify the present invention below in conjunction with embodiment.
Embodiment 1
As Fig. 1
～Shown in 5, a kind of impact characteristics simulation test device of earthing device mainly comprises impulse current generator 1, semisphere test flume 13, analogue ground device 14, core-theaded type current sensor 15, surge voltage voltage divider 11, wide band digital oscillograph 12 and coaxial shielding cable 16 etc.
Described impulse current generator 1 is commercial module, and instantaneous generation amplitude is 8
～200kA is adjustable, the wavefront time is 1.2
～20
Variable, the wave rear time is 20
～1000
Variable two index current waves.Impulse current generator 1 mainly comprises: intelligence control system 2, pressure regulator 3, step-up transformer 4, silicon stack 5, wave regulating resistor 6, harmonic inductance 7, impulse capacitor group 8, pneumatic ignition pill crack 9, air compressor 10.Intelligence control system 2 by optical fiber 17, is connected with pressure regulator 3, stomatal movement module respectively respectively.The air admission hole of described stomatal movement module links to each other with air compressor 10 by tracheae, the vent port of stomatal movement module links to each other with inflator pump 22, in order to switching, the control in 8 duration of charging of impulse capacitor group of the stomatal movement module of the output voltage of realizing 2 pairs of pressure regulators 3 of intelligence control system, air compressor 10; The end of incoming cables of pressure regulator 3 is electrically connected with the power frequency city of 220V/50Hz by lead, and the leading-out terminal of pressure regulator 3 is connected by lead with the former limit of step-up transformer 4; The secondary of step-up transformer 4 is connected with silicon stack 5 usefulness leads; The lead of drawing of silicon stack 5 is connected with wave regulating resistor 6, harmonic inductance 7 successively; The lead of drawing of harmonic inductance 7 is connected with the positive pole of impulse capacitor group 8; Impulse capacitor group 8 is composed in parallel by the impulse capacitor of 4 10 μ F, wherein per 2 impulse capacitors compose in parallel 1 group, each group arranges uniformly, and to form one be the annulus of not remaining silent in the center of circle with connected pneumatic ignition pill crack 9, each group pulse capacitor anode all is connected by the base of braiding copper strips and first copper ball 19 in pneumatic ignition pill crack 9, when impulse capacitor discharges, circular ring type is arranged the electric current that goes from each impulse capacitor to analogue ground device 14 can be arrived in a flash together, thereby improve the amplitude of dash current, the negative pole of impulse capacitor group group 8 is connected and ground connection by band steel with the outer wall of semisphere test flume 13; Pneumatic ignition pill crack 9 is made up of first copper ball 19, second copper ball 20 and cylindrical inflator pump 22, the stationkeeping of first copper ball 19 also links to each other with the positive pole of impulse capacitor group 8, second copper ball 20 is connected by the electric current decanting point of the analogue ground device 14 in the sand in weaving copper strips and being embedded in semisphere test flume 13, be applied on the analogue ground device 14 in order to the dash current with impulse current generator 1 output, the base of upper and lower half copper ball is right cylinder; The bottom surface of inflator pump 22 is fixed on the disc-shaped base 24, its roof opening, sidewall has an aperture and links to each other with tracheae, the other end of tracheae is connected with the vent port of stomatal movement module, the internal diameter of cylindrical inflator pump 22 and the base of second copper ball 21 equal diameters, when the base 21 of second copper ball 20 was placed in the inflator pump 22, inflator pump 22 possessed good air tightness; The vent port of stomatal movement module and cylindrical inflator pump 22 link to each other by tracheae, when intelligence control system 2 is sent triggering command, the vent port of stomatal movement module is open, air-flow enters in the described inflator pump 22, second copper ball 20 that promotes pneumatic ignition pill crack 9 moves upward, and makes the clearance by discharge breakdown.After triggering command disappears, second copper ball 20 falls back to the original position under the effect of gravity, wait for next time and triggering, in addition, 24 copper strips that are connected with certain-length of the base 21 of second copper ball 20 and round base are in order to prevent that second copper ball 20 from being shifted onto the high position by air-flow and first copper ball 19 collides and damage ball crack.
Described semisphere test flume 13 for diameter 0.5m, outer wall by thick for the material of 1mm be the hemispherical shell of steel plate, be used as the collector of analogue ground, the simulation electromotive force is zero infinite distance the earth, ground connection after the outer wall of semisphere test flume 13 is connected with the negative pole of the impulse capacitor group 8 of aforementioned impulse current generator 1 by band steel.Being equiped with particle diameter in described semisphere test flume 13 is 0.05
～The moisture sand of 1mm comes the artifical resistance rate to be by the water cut that changes sand
Soil.In moisture sand, be embedded with analogue ground device 14.
The material of described analogue ground device 14 is identical with the material of tested actual earthing device, the ratio n of the physical dimension of described analogue ground device 14 (being length and sectional area) and the physical dimension (being length and sectional area) of tested actual earthing device be taken as in the present invention for 100(n be the simulation ratio).On the conductor of described analogue ground device 14 every 5
～20cm chooses a point (being the axial current tested point of the analogue ground device 14) row labels of going forward side by side, core-theaded type current sensor 15 is sleeved on described axial current tested point place, in order to the axial current at the axial current tested point place of measure analog earthing device 14.Described analogue ground device 14 is embedded in the sand in the aforementioned semisphere test flume 13, the degree of depth of burying underground is determined according to the depth of burying and the simulation ratio n of actual earthing device, and the center that requires analogue ground device 14 distance of each point to aforementioned semisphere test flume 13 outer walls equates, to guarantee the accuracy of simulation test.Electric current decanting point place at described analogue ground device 14 is connected with the base 21 of second copper ball 20 in the pneumatic ignition pill crack 9 of aforementioned impulse current generator 1 by the braiding copper strips, in order to inject dash current, analogue ground device 14 is carried out the simulation test of impact characteristics to analogue ground device 14.
Described core-theaded type current sensor 15 is by magnetic conduction skeleton 25, copper coil 27, integrating circuit 29, bayonet nut connector body 28 and polymer insulation shell 26 are not formed.Described not magnetic conduction skeleton 25 is that 2cm, external diameter are that 2.5cm, diameter of section are that 1cm, material are the annulus of non-magnetic polymkeric substance for internal diameter, and its effect is fixing copper coil 27, avoids the sensor iron core saturated when measuring heavy impulse current simultaneously.Described copper coil 27 directly is that the copper enameled wire of 0.44mm evenly is wound on the not magnetic conduction skeleton 25 of annular by line, and the number of turn of coiling is 50 circles, and the extension line at copper coil 27 two ends is connected with the input end of integrating circuit 29, in order to induction electromotive force
Carry out integration, thereby obtain
The size of t variation in time.The output terminal of integrating circuit 29 is connected with the bayonet nut connector plug of coaxial shielding cable 16 1 ends by bayonet nut connector body 28, the other end of coaxial shielding cable 16 is connected with the second input channel CH2 of wide band digital oscillograph 12 by bayonet nut connector plug, in order to the output signal of core-theaded type current sensor 15 is exported to the second input channel CH2 of wide band digital oscillograph 12 by coaxial shielding cable 16.Be cast with the polymer insulation shell 26 that thickness is 0.8cm on described core-theaded type current sensor 15 surfaces, damage measuring equipment in order to prevent big electric current from scurrying into the measurement loop at core-theaded type current sensor 15 places.When the described polymer insulation shell 26 of core-theaded type current sensor 15 surface casting, bayonet nut connector body 28 is exposed to outside the polymer insulation shell 26, makes things convenient for the signal output part of core-theaded type current sensor 15 to link to each other with coaxial shielding cable 16.The measurement bandwidth of core-theaded type current sensor is 160Hz
～4 MHz, it not only has good response characteristic, can measure heavy impulse current accurately, and because core-theaded type current sensor 15 with circuit-under-test directly getting in touch of electricity is not taken place.When the waveform of measuring injection analogue ground device 14 total currents and amplitude thereof, described core-theaded type current sensor 15 is sleeved on the braiding copper strips of analogue ground device 14 injection currents; When the axial current waveform of measure analog earthing device 14 each tested points and amplitude thereof, described core-theaded type current sensor 15 is sleeved on the axial current tested point of analogue ground device 14.
Described surge voltage voltage divider 11 is commercial module, and measuring amplitude is-400
～400kV, frequency are 0
～The voltage signal of 1MHz, measured signal do not produce decay and distortion.Described surge voltage voltage divider 11 is arranged on the output terminal of aforesaid impulse current generator 1, and the high-pressure side of surge voltage voltage divider 11 is connected by the dash current decanting point of the interior analogue ground device 14 of braiding copper strips and aforesaid semisphere test flume 13; The earth terminal of surge voltage voltage divider 11 connects by the band steel that the braiding copper strips and the outer wall of described semisphere test flume 13 are connected with the negative pole of aforesaid impulse capacitor group 8; The signal output part of surge voltage voltage divider 11 is equiped with bayonet nut connector plug by two ends coaxial shielding cable 16 is connected with the first input channel CH1 of wide band digital oscillograph 12, in order to export the surge voltage measuring-signal to wide band digital oscillograph 12.
Described wide band digital oscillograph 12 is commercial Tektronix 1012 type digital oscilloscopes, and gathering amplitude simultaneously at 2 signal sampling channels is-400
～400V, frequency are 0
～The voltage signal of 100MHz, sample frequency are 0
～10GS/s, memory capacity are 0
～100MB can guarantee the precision and the length of acquired signal.The power supply of described wide band digital oscillograph 12 is self-contained storage battery and inverter integrated drive generator, this not only can improve the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of the signal that wide band digital oscillograph 12 obtains, and can prevent impulse current generator 1 discharge the time, heavy impulse current causes laboratory earth mat current potential sharply to raise and damage wide band digital oscillograph 12 with going into.
Described coaxial shielding cable 16 is commercial SYV-75-5 type radio-frequency cable, and installs bayonet nut connector plug respectively additional at the two ends of coaxial shielding cable 16, is used for convenient the connection.The effect of coaxial shielding cable 16 is the first input channel CH1 and the second input channel CH2 that respectively measuring-signal of surge voltage voltage divider 11 and core-theaded type current sensor 15 transferred to wide band digital oscillograph 12, the screen layer of coaxial shielding cable 16 can guarantee that the interference level that signal is subjected to is lower in transmission course, thereby guarantees higher measuring accuracy.
A kind of impact characteristics simulation test device of earthing device, with embodiment 1, wherein: impulse capacitor group 8 is composed in parallel by the impulse capacitor of 12 30 μ F, and wherein per 3 impulse capacitors compose in parallel 1 group.Semisphere test flume 13 for diameter 5m, outer wall by thick for the material of 2mm be the hemispherical shell of steel plate.Magnetic conduction skeleton 25 is not that 5cm, external diameter are that 6cm, diameter of section are 2cm for internal diameter.Copper coil 27 directly is that the copper enameled wire of 1.12mm evenly is wound on the not magnetic conduction skeleton 25 of annular by line, and the number of turn of coiling is 700 circles.Core-theaded type current sensor 15 surfaces are cast with the polymer insulation shell 26 that thickness is 1cm.
Embodiment 3
A kind of impact characteristics simulation test device of earthing device, with embodiment 1, wherein: impulse capacitor group 8 is composed in parallel by the impulse capacitor of 20 100 μ F, and wherein per 2 impulse capacitors compose in parallel 1 group.Semisphere test flume 13 for diameter 10m, outer wall by thick for the material of 3mm be the hemispherical shell of steel plate.Magnetic conduction skeleton 25 is not that 10cm, external diameter are that 12cm, diameter of section are 2cm for internal diameter.Copper coil 27 directly is that the copper enameled wire of 1.67mm evenly is wound on the not magnetic conduction skeleton 25 of annular by line, and the number of turn of coiling is 1000 circles.Core-theaded type current sensor 15 surfaces are cast with the polymer insulation shell 26 that thickness is 2cm.The power supply of described wide band digital oscillograph 12 is off-line UPS.
Embodiment 4
A kind of concrete steps of impact characteristics simulation experiment method of earthing device are as follows:
(1) determines simulation strip spare
At first confirmed test condition, promptly determine material, size, the depth of burying of electric current decanting point position, the analogue ground device 14 of resistivity, the analogue ground device 14 of sand in wave head time of dash current and wave rear time, amplitude, the semisphere test flume 13, the position of core-theaded type current sensor 15 etc., specifically determine as follows:
1. the wave head time of dash current and wave rear time is definite, and according to the wave head time and the wave rear time of actual lightning current, and simulation ratio n determines.Promptly earlier respectively with wave head time of actual lightning current, wave rear time divided by simulation ratio n, calculate wave head time, the wave rear time of the dash current of simulation test, reach the wave head time of the dash current that is calculated, wave rear time by the wave regulating resistor 6 in change impulse current generator 1 loop, the size of harmonic inductance 7 again.
2. determining of the amplitude of dash current is definite according to the amplitude and the simulation ratio n of actual lightning current.Promptly earlier with the amplitude of actual lightning current divided by n
2, calculate the dash current amplitude of simulation test, again the amplitude of regulating dash current in the test by the charging voltage preset value of regulating impulse capacitor group 8 in the impulse current generator 1.
3. the resistivity of sand determines that the soil resistivity of burying the place according to actual earthing device underground is definite in the described semisphere test flume 13.Promptly by the airing sand or add the resistivity that water is regulated sand in sand, the soil resistivity up to the resistivity of sand and the actual earthing device place of burying underground is identical or close (to make the resistivity of sand and the difference of actual soil resistivity be controlled at 1%
～2%) till.
Determining of the electric current decanting point position of 4. described analogue ground device 14 determined according to the pad of actual earthing device and down conductor.Regulate the dash current decanting point position of analogue ground device 14 by the tie point position of regulating braiding copper strips and analogue ground device 14.
The material of 5. described analogue ground device 14 is identical with the material of actual earthing device.The size of described analogue ground device 14 and the depth of burying are determined according to size, the depth of burying and the simulation ratio n of actual earthing device, determine that the size of analogue ground device 14 and the method for the depth of burying are: (1) determines the physical dimension and the depth of burying thereof of actual earthing device according to the actual conditions of earthing device in the engineering; (2) with the physical dimension of actual earthing device and the depth of burying thereof respectively divided by simulation ratio n, obtain the physical dimension and the depth of burying thereof of analogue ground device 14, its physical dimension comprises the length of conductor and the sectional area of conductor.
Determining of the position of 6. described core-theaded type current sensor 15: when the waveform of measuring injection analogue ground device 14 total currents and amplitude thereof, described core-theaded type current sensor 15 is sleeved on the braiding copper strips of analogue ground device 14 injection currents; When the axial current waveform of measure analog earthing device 14 each tested points and amplitude thereof, earlier each axial current tested point on the analogue ground device 14 is numbered (promptly from the electric current decanting point, order number consecutively by 1,2,3), described core-theaded type current sensor 15 is set in successively on each axial current tested point of analogue ground device 14 again.
(2) connect the test loop
(1) step was carried out wiring according to apparatus of the present invention to the test loop after finishing.That is: connecting line with band steel is connected the negative pole of described impulse capacitor group 8 and ground connection respectively with the outer wall of semisphere test flume 13; Connecting line with the braiding copper strips links to each other the base 21 of second copper ball 20 of described impulse current generator 1 with the electric current decanting point of analogue ground device 14; Link to each other with the first input channel CH1 of wide band digital oscillograph 12 with the signal output part of coaxial shielding cable 16, show in order to the surge voltage waveform on the analogue ground device 14 is exported to wide band digital oscillograph 12 with surge voltage voltage divider 11; Be sleeved on the braiding copper strips that is used to analogue ground device 14 injection dash currents core-theaded type current sensor 15 or the axial current tested point place of analogue ground device 14, in order to the total injection current of measure analog earthing device 14 or the axial current of each axial current tested point, the signal output part of core-theaded type current sensor 15 is linked to each other with the second input channel CH2 of wide band digital oscillograph 12, export wide band digital oscillograph 12 in order to the waveform of the axial current of the total injection current of core-theaded type current sensor 15 being measured the analogue ground device 14 that obtains or tested point and show.Check at last whether wiring correct, connect whether good, when whole wiring connect good after, just can carry out next step.
(3) carry out the impulsive discharge test
(2) step finish after, open air compressor 10 earlier, restart the intelligence control system 2 of impulse current generator 1, in intelligence control system 2, charging voltage is set, make charging voltage value equal the charging voltage preset value of determining in (1) step, and be set the duration of charging according to the size of charging voltage, when charging voltage during greater than 50kV, duration of charging is set to 90s, otherwise then the duration of charging is set to 60s, and this is too fast and make 8 accelerated deteriorations of impulse capacitor group or the phenomenon such as inhomogeneous of charging takes place for fear of charging.After setting is finished, press " beginning charging " key, when treating that 8 chargings of impulse capacitor group reach the predeterminated voltage value, press " triggering " key, second copper ball 20 ball crack in the process that moves upward in impulse current generator 1 pneumatic ignition pill crack 9 is breakdown, dash current
Act on the analogue ground device 14 in the semisphere test flume 13, thereby finish the one-shot discharge test, successively analogue ground device 14 is carried out the impulsive discharge test, in order to the axial current of the tested point of measure analog earthing device 14 total injection currents or analogue ground device 14, and to require the time interval of per twice impulsive discharge test be 2
～4 minutes, the electrical specification of guaranteeing sand in the later half spherical test flume 13 of each impulsive discharge had time enough to recover normal, the sand characteristic unanimity when making each impulsive discharge test in the semisphere test flume 13, thus guarantee the accuracy of measurement result.
(4) data computation is handled
(3) step finish after, when calculating the impact impedance ground of analogue ground device 14, act on impulse current waveform on the analogue ground device 14 and the surge voltage waveform on the analogue ground device 14 according to what show on (3) the step wide band digital oscillograph 12, read dash current
Amplitude
And surge voltage
Amplitude
, and utilize expression formula 3. to calculate the impact impedance ground of analogue ground device 14.
For guaranteeing the reliability of measurement data, under the prerequisite that does not change dash current and core-theaded type current sensor 15 positions, repeat 5 times and measure.Therefore after measuring the one-shot impedance ground, returned for (3) step, trigger impulse current generator 1 discharge once more and read dash current according to the dash current and the surge voltage waveform of wide band digital oscillograph 12 records
Amplitude
And surge voltage
Amplitude
, 3. calculate the impact impedance ground of analogue ground device 14 according to expression formula.5 times so repeatedly, 5 that obtain same analogue ground device 14 are impacted impedance ground, give up 5 maximal value and minimum value in the value, impact impedance grounds to all the other 3 and ask on average, this mean value i.e. the impact impedance ground of simulation earthing device 14 under the dash current effect for this reason.As continue to measure the impact impedance ground of simulation earthing device 14 under other amplitude dash current effects, then at first return the charging voltage of (1) step joint impulse capacitor group 8, enter (2) step connection test circuit then, circulation is at last carried out (3) step and (4) and is gone on foot, the impact impedance ground of simulation earthing device 14 under the dash current effect that electric current that measures according to wide band digital oscillograph 12 and voltage data calculate this amplitude.
When the stream rule is loose in the impact of calculating analogue ground device 14, the axial current amplitude of each axial current tested point that gets according to (3) pacing then, the diffusing stream that calculates analogue ground device 14 each section conductive surfaces is big or small.At first core-theaded type current sensor 15 is sleeved in the test and is numbered
Axial current tested point place, finish (2) step, (3) step then successively, according to what show on the wide band digital oscillograph 12
The axial current waveform at some place reads its amplitude
For guaranteeing data reliability, repeating 5 times under the prerequisite that does not change impulse current waveform, amplitude and core-theaded type current sensor 15 positions measures, measured at least 3 minutes at interval for per 2 times, the electrical specification of guaranteeing sand in the later half spherical test flume 13 of each impulsive discharge has the sufficiently long time to recover normal, give up 5 maximal value and minimum value in the measured value at last, 3 remaining measured values are asked on average, this mean value is promptly as the current amplitude at axial current tested point m place.After measuring the current amplitude at axial current tested point m place, under the prerequisite that does not change impulse current waveform, amplitude, change the position of core-theaded type current sensor 15, with its be sleeved on the axial current tested point (
) locate, repeat above-mentioned test procedure, obtain point (
) the axial current amplitude.By the position of continuous change core-theaded type current sensor 15, measure the axial current amplitude of all the other each axial current tested points, up to the axial current amplitude that obtains all axial current tested points on the analogue ground device 14.
After measuring the axial current amplitude of all tested points on the analogue ground device 14, utilize two adjacent tested points
,
The axial current amplitude at place is respectively
,
Come calculation level
And the point
Between the loose amplitude of stream of the surface of conductor segment be:
After flow valuve is loose on the surface that calculates analogue ground device 14 all conductor segment, promptly obtained the diffusing stream of the impact of analogue ground device 14 under this dash current effect rule.
Claims (3)
1. the impact characteristics simulation test device of an earthing device, mainly comprise impulse current generator (1), semisphere test flume (13), analogue ground device (14), core-theaded type current sensor (15), surge voltage voltage divider (11), wide band digital oscillograph (12), coaxial shielding cable (16) is characterized in that:
Described semisphere test flume (13) is a diameter 0.5
～10m, outer wall by thick be 1
～The material of 3mm is the hemispherical shell of steel plate, ground connection after the outer wall of semisphere test flume (13) is connected with the negative pole of the impulse capacitor group (8) of aforementioned impulse current generator (1) by band steel, being equiped with particle diameter in described semisphere test flume (13) is 0.05
～The moisture sand of 1mm, coming the artifical resistance rate by the water cut that changes sand is 10
～The soil of 1500 Ω m is embedded with analogue ground device (14) in moisture sand;
The material of described analogue ground device (14) is identical with the material of tested actual earthing device, the physical dimension of described analogue ground device (14), be the physical dimension of length and sectional area and tested actual earthing device, promptly the ratio n of length and sectional area is 5
～100, n is the simulation ratio, on the conductor of described analogue ground device (14) every 5
～It is the axial current tested point of analogue ground device (14) row labels of going forward side by side that 20cm chooses a point, core-theaded type current sensor (15) is sleeved on described axial current tested point place, described analogue ground device (14) is embedded in the interior sand of aforementioned semisphere test flume (13), the degree of depth of burying underground is determined according to the depth of burying and the simulation ratio n of actual earthing device, and the center that requires analogue ground device (14) distance of each point to aforementioned semisphere test flume (13) outer wall equates, is connected with the base (21) of second copper ball (20) in the pneumatic ignition pill crack (9) of aforementioned impulse current generator (1) by the braiding copper strips at the electric current decanting point place of described analogue ground device (14);
Described core-theaded type current sensor (15) is made up of not magnetic conduction skeleton (25), copper coil (27), integrating circuit (29), bayonet nut connector body (28) and polymer insulation shell (26), and described not magnetic conduction skeleton (25) is 2 for internal diameter
～10cm, external diameter are 2.5
～12cm, diameter of section are 1
～4cm, material are the annulus of non-magnetic polymkeric substance, and described copper coil (27) directly is 0.44 by line
～1.67mm the copper enameled wire evenly be wound on the not magnetic conduction skeleton (25) of annular, the number of turn of coiling is 50
～1000 circles, the extension line at copper coil (27) two ends is connected with the input end of integrating circuit (29), the output terminal of integrating circuit (29) is connected with the bayonet nut connector plug of coaxial shielding cable (16) one ends by bayonet nut connector body (28), the other end of coaxial shielding cable (16) is connected with the second input channel CH2 of wide band digital oscillograph (12) by bayonet nut connector plug, and being cast with thickness on described core-theaded type current sensor (15) surface is 0.8
～The polymer insulation shell (26) of 2cm, when core-theaded type current sensor (15) the surface described polymer insulation shell of casting (26), bayonet nut connector body (28) should be arranged on outside the polymer insulation shell (26), when the waveform of measuring injection analogue ground device (14) total current and amplitude thereof, described core-theaded type current sensor (15) is sleeved on the braiding copper strips of analogue ground device (14) injection current; When the axial current waveform of each tested point of measure analog earthing device (14) and amplitude thereof, described core-theaded type current sensor (15) is sleeved on the axial current tested point of analogue ground device (14);
Described surge voltage voltage divider (11) is commercial module, and measuring amplitude is-400
～400kV, frequency are 0
～The voltage signal of 1MHz, measured signal does not produce decay and distortion, described surge voltage voltage divider (11) is arranged on the output terminal of aforesaid impulse current generator (1), and the high-pressure side of surge voltage voltage divider (11) is connected by the dash current decanting point of the interior analogue ground device (14) of braiding copper strips and aforesaid semisphere test flume (13); The earth terminal of surge voltage voltage divider (11) connects by the band steel that the braiding copper strips and the outer wall of described semisphere test flume (13) are connected with the negative pole of aforesaid impulse capacitor group (8); The signal output part of surge voltage voltage divider (11) is equiped with bayonet nut connector plug by two ends coaxial shielding cable (16) is connected with the first input channel CH1 of wide band digital oscillograph (12).
2. according to the impact characteristics simulation test device of the described earthing device of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the instantaneous generation amplitude of described impulse current generator (1) is that 8 ~ 200kA is adjustable, the wavefront time is that 1.2 ~ 20 variable, wave rear time is the variable two index current waves of 20 ~ 1000 μ s; The measurement bandwidth of described core-theaded type current sensor (15) is 160Hz ~ 4 MHz, has good response characteristic; The measurement amplitude of described surge voltage voltage divider (11) is that-400 ~ 400kV, frequency are the voltage signal of 0 ~ 1MHz, and measured signal does not produce decay and distortion; It is the voltage signal of 0 ~ 100MHz for-400 ~ 400V, frequency that 2 signal sampling channels of described wide band digital oscillograph (12) are gathered amplitude simultaneously, and sample frequency is 0 ~ 10GS/s, and memory capacity is 0 ~ 100MB.
3. the impact characteristics simulation experiment method of an earthing device utilizes the impact characteristics simulation test device of claim 1,2 described earthing device, and the concrete steps of shock simulation test of carrying out earthing device are as follows:
(1) determines the simulation test condition
At first confirmed test condition, promptly determine material, size, the depth of burying of electric current decanting point position, the analogue ground device (14) of resistivity, the analogue ground device (14) of sand in wave head time of dash current and wave rear time, amplitude, the semisphere test flume (13), the position of core-theaded type current sensor (15) etc., specifically determine as follows:
1. the wave head time of dash current and wave rear time determines, according to the wave head time and the wave rear time of actual lightning current, and simulation ratio n determines, promptly earlier respectively with wave head time of actual lightning current, wave rear time divided by simulation ratio n, calculate wave head time, the wave rear time of the dash current of simulation test, reach wave head time, the wave rear time of the dash current that is calculated by the wave regulating resistor (6) in change impulse current generator (1) loop, the size of harmonic inductance (7) again;
2. determining of the amplitude of dash current determined according to the amplitude and the simulation ratio n of actual lightning current, promptly earlier with the amplitude of actual lightning current divided by n
2, calculate the dash current amplitude of simulation test, again the amplitude of regulating dash current in the test by the charging voltage preset value of regulating impulse capacitor group (8) in the impulse current generator (1);
3. the resistivity of sand determines in the described semisphere test flume (13), bury the soil resistivity at place underground determines according to actual earthing device, promptly by the airing sand or in sand, add the resistivity that water is regulated sand, the soil resistivity of burying the place underground up to the resistivity of sand and actual earthing device is identical or close, even the difference of the resistivity of sand and actual soil resistivity is controlled at 1%
～Till 2%;
Determining of the electric current decanting point position of 4. described analogue ground device (14), pad according to actual earthing device and down conductor is determined, regulates the dash current decanting point position of analogue ground device (14) by the tie point position of regulating braiding copper strips and analogue ground device (14);
The material of 5. described analogue ground device (14) is identical with the material of actual earthing device, the size of described analogue ground device (14) and the depth of burying are determined according to size, the depth of burying and the simulation ratio n of actual earthing device, determine that the size of analogue ground device (14) and the method for the depth of burying are: (1) determines the physical dimension and the depth of burying thereof of actual earthing device according to the actual conditions of earthing device in the engineering; (2) with the physical dimension of actual earthing device and the depth of burying thereof respectively divided by simulation ratio n, obtain the physical dimension and the depth of burying thereof of analogue ground device (14), its physical dimension comprises the length of conductor and the sectional area of conductor;
Determining of the position of 6. described core-theaded type current sensor (15): when the waveform of measuring injection analogue ground device (14) total current and amplitude thereof, described core-theaded type current sensor (15) is sleeved on the braiding copper strips of analogue ground device (14) injection current; When the axial current waveform of each tested point of measure analog earthing device (14) and amplitude thereof, earlier each axial current tested point on the analogue ground device (14) is numbered, promptly from the electric current decanting point, order number consecutively by 1,2,3 is set in described core-theaded type current sensor (15) on each axial current tested point of analogue ground device (14) more successively;
(2) connect the test loop
(1) step was carried out wiring according to apparatus of the present invention to the test loop after finishing, that is: connect line with band steel and respectively the negative pole of described impulse capacitor group (8) is connected with the outer wall of semisphere test flume (13) and ground connection; Connecting line with the braiding copper strips links to each other the base of second copper ball (20) of described impulse current generator (1) with the electric current decanting point of analogue ground device (14); Link to each other with the first input channel CH1 of wide band digital oscillograph (12) with the signal output part of coaxial shielding cable (16) surge voltage voltage divider (11); Be sleeved on the braiding copper strips that is used to analogue ground device (14) injection dash current core-theaded type current sensor (15) or the axial current tested point place of analogue ground device (14), the signal output part of core-theaded type current sensor (15) is linked to each other with the second input channel CH2 of wide band digital oscillograph (12), check at last whether wiring is correct, whether well connect, after whole wiring connect well, just can carry out next step;
(3) carry out the impulsive discharge test
(2) step finish after, open air compressor (10) earlier, restart the intelligence control system (2) of impulse current generator (1), in intelligence control system (2), charging voltage is set, make charging voltage value equal the charging voltage preset value of determining in (1) step, and be set the duration of charging according to the size of charging voltage, when charging voltage during greater than 50kV, duration of charging is set to 90s, otherwise then the duration of charging is set to 60s, after setting is finished, press " beginning charging " key, when treating that impulse capacitor group (8) charging reaches the predeterminated voltage value, press " triggering " key, second copper ball (20) ball crack in the process that moves upward in impulse current generator (1) pneumatic ignition pill crack (9) is breakdown, dash current i
cAct on the analogue ground device (14) in the semisphere test flume (13), thereby finish the one-shot discharge test, successively analogue ground device (14) is carried out the impulsive discharge test, and the axial current of the tested point of total injection current of measure analog earthing device (14) or analogue ground device (14), requiring the time interval of per twice impulsive discharge test is 2
～4 minutes;
(4) data computation is handled
(3) step finish after, when calculating the impact impedance ground of analogue ground device (14), act on impulse current waveform on the analogue ground device (14) and the surge voltage waveform on the analogue ground device (14) according to what (3) step wide band digital oscillograph (12) go up to show, read dash current i
cAmplitude I
pWith surge voltage u
cAmplitude U
p, and utilize expression formula 3. to calculate the impact impedance ground of analogue ground device (14);
Z
i=U
p/I
p ③
Repeating 5 times under the prerequisite that does not change dash current and core-theaded type current sensor (15) position measures, therefore after measuring the one-shot impedance ground, returned for (3) step, trigger impulse current generator (1) discharge once more and read dash current i according to the dash current and the surge voltage waveform of wide band digital oscillograph (12) record
cAmplitude I
pWith surge voltage u
cAmplitude U
p3. calculate the impact impedance ground of analogue ground device (14) according to expression formula, 5 times so repeatedly, 5 that obtain same analogue ground device (14) are impacted impedance ground, give up 5 maximal value and minimum value in the value, impact impedance ground to all the other 3 and ask average, this mean value i.e. the impact impedance ground of simulation earthing device (14) under the dash current effect for this reason, as continue to measure the impact impedance ground of simulation earthing device (14) under other amplitude dash current effects, then at first return the charging voltage of (1) step joint impulse capacitor group (8), enter (2) step connection test circuit then, circulation is at last carried out (3) step and (4) and is gone on foot, the impact impedance ground of simulation earthing device (14) under the dash current effect that electric current that measures according to wide band digital oscillograph (12) and voltage data calculate this amplitude;
When the stream rule is loose in the impact of calculating analogue ground device (14), the axial current amplitude of each axial current tested point that gets according to (3) pacing then, calculate the diffusing stream size of analogue ground device (14) each section conductive surface, at first core-theaded type current sensor (15) is sleeved on the axial current tested point place that is numbered m in the test, finish (2) step, (3) step then successively, go up the axial current waveform at the m point place that shows according to wide band digital oscillograph (12), read its amplitude I
mDo not changing impulse current waveform, repeating 5 times under the prerequisite of amplitude and core-theaded type current sensor (15) position measures, measured at least 3 minutes at interval for per 2 times, give up 5 maximal value and minimum value in the measured value at last, 3 remaining measured values are asked average, this mean value is promptly as the current amplitude at axial current tested point m place, after measuring the current amplitude at axial current tested point m place, do not changing impulse current waveform, under the prerequisite of amplitude, change the position of core-theaded type current sensor (15), it is sleeved on axial current tested point (m+1) locates, repeat above-mentioned test procedure, obtain the axial current amplitude of point (m+1), position by continuous change core-theaded type current sensor (15), measure the axial current amplitude of all the other each axial current tested points, go up the axial current amplitude of all axial current tested points up to obtaining analogue ground device (14);
After the axial current amplitude that measures last all tested points of analogue ground device (14), utilize the axial current amplitude at two adjacent tested point m, m+1 place to be respectively I
m, I
M+1Come the amplitude of the diffusing stream in surface of conductor segment between calculation level m and some m+1 to be:
④
After flow valuve is loose on the surface that calculates all conductor segment of analogue ground device (14), promptly obtained the diffusing stream of the impact of analogue ground device (14) under this dash current effect rule.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201110136985 CN102298108B (en) | 2011-05-25 | 2011-05-25 | Impact characteristic simulation test apparatus of earthing device and method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201110136985 CN102298108B (en) | 2011-05-25 | 2011-05-25 | Impact characteristic simulation test apparatus of earthing device and method thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102298108A true CN102298108A (en) | 2011-12-28 |
| CN102298108B CN102298108B (en) | 2013-11-06 |
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| CN 201110136985 Expired - Fee Related CN102298108B (en) | 2011-05-25 | 2011-05-25 | Impact characteristic simulation test apparatus of earthing device and method thereof |
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