CN106885946A - A kind of impact grounding impedance measuring system and measuring method - Google Patents
A kind of impact grounding impedance measuring system and measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106885946A CN106885946A CN201710147068.6A CN201710147068A CN106885946A CN 106885946 A CN106885946 A CN 106885946A CN 201710147068 A CN201710147068 A CN 201710147068A CN 106885946 A CN106885946 A CN 106885946A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
- G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
- G01R27/16—Measuring impedance of element or network through which a current is passing from another source, e.g. cable, power line
- G01R27/18—Measuring resistance to earth, i.e. line to ground
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/30—Circuit design
- G06F30/36—Circuit design at the analogue level
- G06F30/367—Design verification, e.g. using simulation, simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis [SPICE], direct methods or relaxation methods
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of impact grounding impedance measuring system and measuring method.The measuring system of Transient grounding resistance is main by portable small impulse current generator, high-voltage probe, the composition such as current sensor and oscillograph；The p E curves obtained by actual measurement and the Transient grounding resistance value obtained on the downside of small dash current, with reference to simulation software COMSOL, consider the influence of the factor to Transient grounding resistance such as soil parameters, current parameters, grounding body size, fully demonstrate spark effect and inductive effect, obtain the proportionality coefficient on the basis of impacting small current neutral grounding impedance, and the impedance ground under the small dash current that each proportionality coefficient is measured with experiment is multiplied and is modified, the actual Transient grounding resistance of grounding body is finally given.This method has accuracy higher, solves in the prior art to ground connection system shock grid grounding impedance measurement using simulated experiment or emulation mode measurement that to there is accuracy poor, the problems such as measure complexity, high cost.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to power system measuring field, more particularly to a kind of impact grounding impedance measuring system and measurement side
Method.
Background technology
Transient grounding resistance is the important technology index in power plant, transformer station and electric power line pole tower earthing or grounding means, is
Earthed system security, the important parameter of validity when assessment plant stand and shaft tower are struck by lightning.When power system is struck by lightning,
If the Transient grounding resistance of earthing or grounding means is excessive, Ground Electric Potential Rise can be caused excessive, so that apparatus insulated wreck, shadow
Safe power supply is rung, and step voltage can also exceed normal value, threaten the personal safety of staff.With power system capacity
Continuous increase, the continuous improvement of voltage class, the influence of the transient fault electric current to power system such as operation, thunder and lightning is also increasingly
Greatly, the characteristics of the dispersed flow therefore to earthing or grounding means proposes requirement higher.Operation of Electric Systems experience have shown that, most of power transmission lines
Road accident is all caused by transmission line of lightning strike or shaft tower cause tripping operation.Shown according to electric network fault statistic of classification, high-voltage line
In total tripping times of road operation, the number of times caused by thunderbolt accounts for 40%~70%.And electric power line pole tower is when being struck by lightning, connect
The current potential of Transient grounding resistance tower top when directly determining thunderbolt of ground device, thus influence overvoltage that insulator chain bears and
Counterattack probability, therefore the lightning protection level of circuit is heavily dependent on the earthed system Transient grounding resistance value of shaft tower.Generate electricity
Factory, transformer station connect the terminal of user as electric energy source and power plant, and it is also higher to be subjected to lightning strike probability, its security performance and electricity
Force system can stable operation it is directly related, and its ground connection performance also directly determine its lightning protection properties.Therefore ground connection system is obtained
System Transient grounding resistance is the necessary links in design of ground system, examination and running, is to ensure power system security fortune
Capable indispensable important process.
But under dash current effect, the Transient grounding resistance of earthing or grounding means can show the non-linear of complexity, accurately
Prediction Transient grounding resistance is extremely difficult.At present, the research to Transient grounding resistance is broadly divided into two major classes, and one is theoretical
Simulation study, two is experimental study.With the development of computer technology, simulation study has obtained very big development.Simulated ground
The transient characterisitics of device mainly have following several method：Transmission line theory, Circuit theory, Theory of Electromagnetic Field, finite element method, but
These methods have certain limitation, there is certain deviation with the impact characteristics of actual earthing or grounding means, and experimental study is still
It is to study the most direct most efficient method of Transient grounding resistance at present, experimental study is divided into real model experiment and simulated test again.Very
Type experiment is the actual conditions completely in accordance with earthing or grounding means is tested, and is connect using with the same or like size of earthing or grounding means
Earth polar, added electric current is also substantially similar to actual lightning current or switching impulse current, therefore real model experiment can be well
The inductive effect and spark effect of Transient grounding resistance are studied, the conclusion for drawing also has confidence level higher, so as to numerous
Scholar is used with researcher.But impulse current generator needed for current real model experiment is bulky, complex operation, transport
Difficult with assembled in situ, an experimentation cost is very high, and high pressure scene shock-testing is dangerous higher.Simulated test is base
In the principle of similitude, the current amplitude of actual earthing or grounding means, forward position, pulsewidth and physical dimension etc. are reduced according to a certain percentage,
Tested in the simulation sand pit of small size, thus can easily study resistivity, buried depth, grounding body size, shape etc. because
Influence of the element to Transient grounding resistance characteristic.But simulated test is carrying out not reducing soil when room and time yardstick reduces
The factor such as particle, space, so the accuracy of simulated test need further checking.And in simulated test, applied
Plus the forward position of dash current was generally required within hundred nanoseconds, this is also than relatively difficult to achieve in simulated test.Therefore need badly
It is a kind of it is simple, effectively, low cost but the measuring system of the Transient grounding resistance with high accuracy to be solving impulse grounding
The technical problem that impedance is present.
The content of the invention：
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is：A kind of impact grounding impedance measuring system and measuring method are provided, to solve
Certainly to ground connection system shock grid grounding impedance measurement using simulated experiment or emulation mode measurement there is accuracy in the prior art poor,
The problems such as measurement complexity, high cost.
Technical solution of the present invention：
A kind of impact grounding impedance measuring system, it includes impulse current generator, it is characterised in that：Dash current occurs
Device is connected with grounding body, and grounding body is connected with high-voltage probe and current sensor, high-voltage probe and current sensor output with
Oscillograph input is connected.
The impulse current generator includes pressure regulator T1, pressure regulator T1The external alternating current 220V power supply of input, output end with
Silicon stack D1Connection, silicon stack D1It is connected with charging resistor R1, charging resistor R1 is connected with high-frequency inversion full-bridge, high-frequency inversion full-bridge is defeated
Go out end to be connected with step-up transformer T2 inputs, step-up transformer T2 output ends and silicon stack D2Connection, silicon stack D2With charging resistor R2
Connection, charging resistor R2With main capacitance C2Connection, main capacitance C2It is connected with discharge switch S, discharge switch S and wave regulating resistor R3Even
Connect, wave regulating resistor R3It is connected with harmonic inductance L, harmonic inductance L output ends are connected with grounding body electric current injector, grounding body backflow
Pole is grounded.
Electric capacity of voltage regulation C1- it is connected to charging resistor R1Output end is connected in parallel with high-frequency inversion full-bridge.
High-voltage arm resistance R4With low-voltage arm resistance R5With main capacitance C after series connection2It is connected in parallel, the divider of composition.
Charging resistor R1Resistance be 40 Ω, electric capacity of voltage regulation C1Capacitance is 1000uF, pressure-resistant 500V；Charging resistor R2's
Resistance is 1M Ω.
Insulated gate bipolar transistor Q1、Q2、Q3、Q4High-frequency inversion bridge is constituted, reverse frequency is 50kHz, insulated gate bipolar
Transistor npn npn Q1、Q2、Q3、Q4From pressure-resistant 500V, the transistor of through-flow more than 10A.
Step-up transformer T2It is high frequency transformer, no-load voltage ratio 1:140, rated voltage 50kV, rated capacity 3kVA, high-voltage arm electricity
Resistance R4Resistance is 50M Ω, low-voltage arm resistance R5Resistance 5k Ω, intrinsic standoff ratio is 10000.
The discharge switch S is sphere gap switch.
The measuring method of described impact grounding impedance measuring system, it includes：
Step 1, forward position, half peak value pulsewidth is produced to be respectively 1~5us's and 50~100 μ s by impulse current generator
Lightning current waveform, and be applied on grounding body, can be measured on grounding body by high-voltage probe, current sensor and oscillograph
Surge voltage current waveform, formula is determined according to Transient grounding resistance：
Obtain Transient grounding resistance value R, wherein U under small dash current in the grounding bodym、ImWhat is respectively measured rushes
Hit the peak value of voltage and current；
Step 2, the soil sample of collection grounding body position, put it into coaxial circles cylindrical unit, inner cylinder diameter
D1, outer cylinder diameter D2, drum length is L, applies DC voltage on two cylinders, while measuring soil by electric field probe
In electric-field intensity E, measure the voltage U between cylinder respectively by voltage probe and ammeter1With the electric current I for flowing through soil1, meter
Permittivity ε and soil resistivity ρ, permittivity ε and soil resistivity ρ in calculation soil are
Step 3, the grounding body is calculated under this soil parameters respectively using multiple physical field simulation software COMSOL small
Transient grounding resistance under the large impact electric current of dash current and different amplitudes, then by under the large impact electric current of different amplitudes
Impedance ground under impedance ground and small dash current is business, obtains the ratio system on the basis of impacting small current neutral grounding impedance
Number；
Impedance ground under step 4, the small dash current that each proportionality coefficient is measured with experiment is multiplied and is modified, and obtains
Impedance ground of the grounding body under the large impact electric current without amplitude.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：
By measurement apparatus of the invention, can simply directly to ground connection system shock grid grounding impedance measurement；In order to enter
One step improve measurement accuracy, the present invention measured value is further corrected, there is provided modification method correction factor come
Simulation calculation is come from, but the present invention is considering the factors pair such as soil parameters, current parameters, grounding body size in simulations
The influence of Transient grounding resistance, has fully demonstrated spark effect and inductive effect, therefore this method has accuracy higher；
Solve and existed accurately using simulated experiment or emulation mode measurement to ground connection system shock grid grounding impedance measurement in the prior art
Property it is poor, measurement is complicated, the problems such as high cost.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is schematic structural view of the invention.
Specific embodiment
Specific implementation method of the invention is as follows：
System is constituted：
System is main by portable small impulse current generator, high-voltage probe, the composition such as current sensor and oscillograph.
In order to reduce the volume and weight of itself, portable impact current feedback circuit is not self-powered, it is necessary to outside offer
220V alternating currents, need to provide battery and inverter during on-the-spot test.Silicon stack D1、D2It is direct current to be all used for AC rectification.
Charging resistor R1Resistance be 40 Ω, the charging current for limiting electric capacity of voltage regulation, but do not make charging rate excessively slow.Voltage stabilizing electricity
Hold C1For providing a galvanic current pressure, capacitance is 1000uF, pressure-resistant 500V.Charging resistor R2Resistance be 1M Ω,
It is 50mA for limiting the maximum charging current of main capacitance, but does not make charging rate excessively slow.Insulated gate bipolar transistor Q1、
Q2、Q3、Q4High-frequency inversion bridge is constituted, reverse frequency is 50kHz, Q1And Q3Drive signal it is identical, Q2And Q4Drive signal phase
Together, and the two drive signal phases differ 180 °, in order to prevent bridge arm direct pass, the Dead Time of 1us is set.Q1、Q2、Q3、Q4
From pressure-resistant 500V, the transistor of through-flow more than 10A, it is ensured that its safe and stable operation.Step-up transformer T2It is high frequency transformer,
No-load voltage ratio 1:140, rated voltage 50kV, rated capacity 3kVA, the Industrial Frequency Transformer volume than identical capacity are much smaller.DC partial voltage
Device is used to measure main capacitance C2, and be displayed in real time on control cabinet front panel, high-voltage arm resistance R4Resistance is 50M Ω, low-voltage arm electricity
It is 5k Ω to hinder, and intrinsic standoff ratio is 10000.Discharge switch S be sphere gap switch, by magnet control its action, when control cabinet press it is tactile
Hair button, electromagnet is powered, and ball stand-off distance punctures from rapid shortening, ball gap, and main capacitance docking conductive discharge produces dash current.It is main
Electric capacity C2It is two pressure-resistant 20kV, the impulse capacitor series connection of 1uF, voltage is less than from 0 to the charging interval for charging to 30kV
2.5s.Adjustable wave regulating resistor R3, resistance is 10 Ω, for adjusting impulse current waveform, can make the 2.6us/ that waveform is standard
50us lightning current waveforms.Adjustable harmonic inductance L, inductance value is 60uH, for adjusting impulse current waveform, waveform can be made to be mark
Accurate 2.6us/50us lightning current waveforms.It is guarantee test personal security, main capacitance C2Should be grounded nearby.
The high-voltage probe being connected with grounding body use Tektronix companies P6015A, bandwidth 75MHz, attenuation multiple 1000,
Its witness mark is extremely connected with Voltage Reference, and measurement end is connected to oscillograph；Current sensor is the production of PEARSO companies
Rogowski coil, bandwidth 200MHz, its input-output ratio is A/V=0.01, and its measurement end is connected to oscillograph；Oscillograph is using safe
Gram (Tektronix) TDS1012, bandwidth 200MHz, sample rate 2G/s.
The impact grounding impedance measuring system that the present invention is provided has small volume, and lightweight, easy to operate, waveform parameter can
The advantages of tune, there is important engineering significance to impact earth loop impedance test.
Measurement and the implementation of modified result：
1st, according to grounding body size and actual place size determines backflow pole and Voltage Reference pole position, as shown in Figure 1
Connection cloth circuits, all connecting lines are all propped up on the ground using sufficiently long insulation strut, and testing current uses current sensor,
Voltage tester uses high-voltage probe, and the measurement end of current sensor and high-voltage probe is connected to oscillograph, all wiring checks
Portable impact current feedback circuit battery main switch is opened after errorless.Regulation charging voltage triggers discharge measuring to a desired value
Obtain the waveform of surge voltage electric current.By data processing, the peak value U of surge voltage current waveform is taken outm、ImAnd dash current
Forward position, half peak value pulsewidth, calculate the impulse grounding under the small dash current of the grounding body using the definition of Transient grounding resistance
Impedance value R.
2nd, the soil sample near collection tower grounding body, puts it into the coaxial circles cylindrical unit of special preparation, inner circle
Cylinder diameter D1, outer cylinder diameter D2, drum length is L, and DC voltage is applied on two cylinders, while being surveyed by electric field probe
Electric-field intensity E in amount soil, the voltage U between cylinder is measured by voltage probe and ammeter respectively1With the electricity for flowing through soil
Stream I1, then permittivity ε and the computing formula of soil resistivity ρ in soil are respectively：
The data that will be calculated carry out processing the change curve for obtaining soil resistivity with field intensity.It is uncertain in order to reduce
Property, answer many sub-samplings to average.
3rd, for the feelings in multiple physical field simulation software COMSOL during true simulation low current impact test as far as possible
Condition is identical when setting following parameter with experiment：The size of grounding body, material, resistivity and field intensity change curve, the dielectric of soil
Constant, the amplitude of Injection Current, forward position, half peak value pulsewidth, flow back size material, position of Voltage Reference pole of pole etc..Complete
Emulation under the parameter under small dash current, calculates the Transient grounding resistance value under low current.The dash current of applying is changed again
It is the large impact current amplitude of different amplitudes, carries out same emulation, just can obtains under the large impact electric current of different amplitudes
Transient grounding resistance value.Then by the impedance ground under the impedance ground and small dash current under the large impact electric current of different amplitudes
Business is, the proportionality coefficient on the basis of impacting small current neutral grounding impedance is obtained；
4th, the impedance ground under the small dash current that each proportionality coefficient that will be obtained in previous step is measured with experiment is multiplied
It is modified, so that it may obtain impedance ground of the grounding body under the large impact electric current of different amplitudes.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of impact grounding impedance measuring system, it includes impulse current generator, it is characterised in that：Impulse current generator
Be connected with grounding body, grounding body is connected with high-voltage probe and current sensor, the output end of high-voltage probe and current sensor M with
Oscillograph input is connected.
2. impact grounding impedance measuring system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The impulse current generator bag
Include pressure regulator T1, the external alternating current 220V power supply of pressure regulator T1 inputs, output end and silicon stack D1Connection, silicon stack D1With charging resistor
R1 is connected, and charging resistor R1 is connected with high-frequency inversion full-bridge, and high-frequency inversion full-bridge output end connects with step-up transformer T2 inputs
Connect, step-up transformer T2 output ends and silicon stack D2Connection, silicon stack D2With charging resistor R2Connection, charging resistor R2With main capacitance C2Even
Connect, main capacitance C2It is connected with discharge switch S, discharge switch S and wave regulating resistor R3Connection, wave regulating resistor R3Connect with harmonic inductance L
Connect, harmonic inductance L output ends are connected with grounding body electric current injector, grounding body backflow pole ground connection.
3. impact grounding impedance measuring system according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Electric capacity of voltage regulation C1It is connected to charging
Resistance R1 output ends are connected in parallel with high-frequency inversion full-bridge.
4. impact grounding impedance measuring system according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：High-voltage arm resistance R4And low-voltage arm
Resistance R5With main capacitance C after series connection2It is connected in parallel, the divider of composition.
5. impact grounding impedance measuring system according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Charging resistor R1Resistance be 40
Ω, electric capacity of voltage regulation C1Capacitance is 1000uF, pressure-resistant 500V；Charging resistor R2Resistance be 1M Ω.
6. impact grounding impedance measuring system according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Insulated gate bipolar transistor Q1、
Q2、Q3、Q4High-frequency inversion bridge is constituted, reverse frequency is 50kHz, insulated gate bipolar transistor Q1、Q2、Q3、Q4From pressure-resistant
500V, the transistor of through-flow more than 10A.
7. impact grounding impedance measuring system according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Step-up transformer T2For high frequency becomes
Depressor, no-load voltage ratio 1:140, rated voltage 50kV, rated capacity 3kVA, high-voltage arm resistance R4Resistance is 50M Ω, low-voltage arm resistance R5
Resistance 5k Ω, intrinsic standoff ratio is 10000.
8. impact grounding impedance measuring system according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The discharge switch S is ball gap
Switch.
9. the measuring method of impact grounding impedance measuring system as claimed in claim 2, it includes：
Step 1, the thunder and lightning that 1~5us and 50~100 μ s are respectively by impulse current generator generation forward position, half peak value pulsewidth
Stream waveform, and be applied on grounding body, the impact on grounding body can be measured by high-voltage probe, current sensor and oscillograph
Voltage current waveform, formula is determined according to Transient grounding resistance：
Obtain Transient grounding resistance value R, wherein U under small dash current in the grounding bodym、ImThe impact electricity for respectively measuring
The peak value of pressure and electric current；
Step 2, the soil sample of collection grounding body position, put it into coaxial circles cylindrical unit, inner cylinder diameter D1, outward
Drum diameter D2, drum length is L, and DC voltage is applied on two cylinders, while by electric field probe measurement soil
Electric-field intensity E, the voltage U between cylinder is measured by voltage probe and ammeter respectively1With the electric current I for flowing through soil1, calculate soil
Permittivity ε and soil resistivity ρ in earth, permittivity ε and soil resistivity ρ are
Step 3, the grounding body is calculated under this soil parameters respectively using multiple physical field simulation software COMSOL in small impact
Transient grounding resistance under the large impact electric current of electric current and different amplitudes, then by the ground connection under the large impact electric current of different amplitudes
Impedance ground under impedance and small dash current is business, obtains the proportionality coefficient on the basis of impacting small current neutral grounding impedance；
Impedance ground under step 4, the small dash current that each proportionality coefficient is measured with experiment is multiplied and is modified, and is grounded
Impedance ground of the body under the large impact electric current without amplitude.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107576847A (en) * | 2017-09-07 | 2018-01-12 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of vehicular tractive power supply system impedance frequency characteristic measurement apparatus and its measuring method |
| CN107782976A (en) * | 2017-12-01 | 2018-03-09 | 广东电网有限责任公司佛山供电局 | A kind of impulse earthed resistance measuring method of meter and soil ion concentration |
| CN110309546A (en) * | 2019-06-04 | 2019-10-08 | 三峡大学 | A method of earthing device of power transmission line Transient grounding resistance is influenced for assessing spark effect |
| CN111679168A (en) * | 2020-06-17 | 2020-09-18 | 广东电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | Anti-lightning-stroke testing device and testing method for grounding body |
| CN113009289A (en) * | 2021-02-01 | 2021-06-22 | 成都产品质量检验研究院有限责任公司 | Device and method for testing impulse voltage of photoelectric material and device |
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| CN107576847A (en) * | 2017-09-07 | 2018-01-12 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of vehicular tractive power supply system impedance frequency characteristic measurement apparatus and its measuring method |
| CN107576847B (en) * | 2017-09-07 | 2024-04-26 | 西南交通大学 | Impedance frequency characteristic measuring device and measuring method for vehicle-mounted traction power supply system |
| CN107782976A (en) * | 2017-12-01 | 2018-03-09 | 广东电网有限责任公司佛山供电局 | A kind of impulse earthed resistance measuring method of meter and soil ion concentration |
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| CN110309546B (en) * | 2019-06-04 | 2022-12-20 | 三峡大学 | Method for evaluating impact grounding impedance influence of power transmission line grounding device |
| CN111679168A (en) * | 2020-06-17 | 2020-09-18 | 广东电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | Anti-lightning-stroke testing device and testing method for grounding body |
| CN113009289A (en) * | 2021-02-01 | 2021-06-22 | 成都产品质量检验研究院有限责任公司 | Device and method for testing impulse voltage of photoelectric material and device |
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Application publication date: 20170623 |