CN103457577A - Nanosecond high-voltage pulse source, Marx generator and circuit simulation model of Marx generator - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a compact nanosecond high-voltage pulse source of a Marx generator, and a peaking circuit in an existing high-voltage pulse source is removed. The compact nanosecond high-voltage pulse source is composed of the Marx generator, a control unit and a high-voltage direct current charging power supply. The Marx generator comprises a shell, a pulse capacitor and a gas spark switch. The shell, the pulse capacitor and the gas spark switch are cylindrical and are coaxially arranged. The shell comprises a metal shell body, an input end insulating supporting cover and an output insulating supporting cover, wherein the input end insulating supporting cover and the output end insulating supporting cover are located at the two ends of the shell body and fixedly connected with the shell body. According to the full-circuit simulation model of the Marx generator, a self-breakdown switch can be simulated with a PSPICE model, when the circuit model is built, the PSPICE module block can be directly called, only few parameters need to be set, and the model is much convenient to use.

Description

Ns high voltage pulse source, Marx generator and circuit simulation model thereof

Technical field

The invention belongs to the Pulse Power Techniques field, relate to the circuit simulation model of a kind of high-voltage pulsed source and Marx generator thereof and Marx generator.

Background technology

Pulse Power Techniques are technology of research high intensity pulsing electromagnetic field power amplification, it stores electric field or magnetic field energy within the longer time with lower-wattage, then carry out fast energy switching, pulse compression, power amplification by means of various switches, within very short time, the pulse electromagnetic energy is discharged in specific load, that is to say pulse energy is compressed on the time size, to obtain the output of the high-peak power in the short time at the utmost point.

IEC in 1996 have promulgated the newest standards IEC61000-2-10 of EMP waveform, pulse rise time 2.3 ± 0.5ns, halfwidth 23 ± 5ns.The American army mark MIL-STD-461F promulgated in 2007 has also adopted this standard.The maximum characteristics of standard are to accelerate the desired ringing pulse electromagnetic field rise time, and pulsewidth narrows down.

Research and develop compact ns high voltage pulse source for this reason, for the transient electromagnetic field generation device provides the prime drive source, make the electromagnetic environment of generation meet standard code, basis is provided and ensures for carrying out HEMP effect and the Survivability Evaluation examination technical research thereof that strategic weapons system, new and high technology armament systems are relevant with military satellite, this high-voltage pulsed source also can be used as the prime drive source of other certain loads simultaneously.

Summary of the invention

The invention provides a kind of compact ns high voltage pulse source, can driven antenna load on space and produce transient electromagnetic field, the ringing pulse electromagnetic field has a rise time and accelerates, the characteristics that pulsewidth narrows down.

Technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

A kind of Marx generator, comprise housing, pulse capacitor, gas spark switch, and its special character is: described housing, pulse capacitor, gas spark switch are cylindrical, and the three coaxially arranges,

Described housing comprises the metal body and is positioned at input insulating supporting lid and the output insulating supporting that the body two ends are fixedly connected with body and cover,

The high voltage input terminal of described pulse capacitor is covered and is connected with the direct voltage leading-in end near the input insulating supporting, the high-voltage output end of described pulse capacitor is connected with the high-field electrode of gas spark switch, the low-field electrode of described gas spark switch is connected near output insulating supporting lid and with the high-voltage output end that is positioned at the output insulating supporting lid outside

The high-voltage output end of described pulse capacitor is enclosed within the centre bore of the ground connection disk in housing, and is fixedly connected with the ground connection disk by the annular connecting plate that is positioned at the high-voltage output end place.

Also comprise the pedestal that is positioned at housing supported underneath housing.

A kind of compact ns high voltage pulse source, its special character is: comprise control unit, high voltage direct current charge power supply and Marx generator,

Described control unit comprises electric control unit and gas circuit control unit, and described electric control unit is combined floodgate, separating brake, the high-pressure lifting for controlling high voltage direct current charge power supply switch, the output voltage of Real-Time Monitoring high voltage direct current charge power supply; Described gas circuit control unit is for realizing effective isolation and the conducting of gas spark switch of Marx generator,

Described high voltage direct current charge power supply is the charging of Marx generator,

Described Marx generator, comprise housing, pulse capacitor, gas spark switch, and described housing, pulse capacitor, gas spark switch are cylindrical, and the three coaxially arranges,

Described housing comprises the metal body and is positioned at input insulating supporting lid and the output insulating supporting that the body two ends are fixedly connected with body and cover,

The high voltage input terminal of described pulse capacitor is covered and is connected with the direct voltage leading-in end near the input insulating supporting, the high-voltage output end of described pulse capacitor is connected with the high-field electrode of gas spark switch, the low-field electrode of described gas spark switch is connected near output insulating supporting lid and with the high-voltage output end that is positioned at the output insulating supporting lid outside

The high-voltage output end of described pulse capacitor is enclosed within the centre bore of the ground connection disk in housing, and is fixedly connected with the ground connection disk by the annular connecting plate that is positioned at the high-voltage output end place.

Also comprise the pedestal that is positioned at housing supported underneath housing.

A kind of Marx generator whole circuit simulation model, its special character is: comprise capacitor C _m, inductance L _m, resistance R _m, Self-breaking switch PSPICE model Switch01, Closing Switch Switch02, stray capacitance C over the ground _g, the earth resistance R _g, pure resistor load R _f,

Described capacitor C _m, stray capacitance C over the ground _g, the earth resistance R _g, pure resistor load R _fan end ground connection, described capacitor C _mthe other end and stray capacitance C over the ground _gthe other end between series inductance L _m, resistance R _mand Self-breaking switch PSPICE model Switch01,

The described C of stray capacitance over the ground _gwith the earth resistance R _gother end eutectic point, described earth resistance R _gthe other end and pure resistor load R _fthe other end between series connection Closing Switch Switch02, described pure resistor load R _fnode place making alive with Closing Switch Switch02.

Above-mentioned Self-breaking switch PSPICE model Switch01 comprises the electric arc inductance L _s, arc resistance R, gap capacitance C _s, the structure inductance L _j1, the structure inductance L _j2and structure capacitive C _j,

Described structure inductance L _j1, arc resistance R, electric arc inductance L _s, the structure inductance L _j2series connection successively, described structure capacitive C _jbe connected on the structure inductance L _j1the other end and structure inductance L _j2the other end between, described gap capacitance C _san end be connected to the structure inductance L _j1and, between arc resistance R, the other end of described gap capacitance is connected to the electric arc inductance L _swith the structure inductance L _j2between, described arc resistance R is variable resistor.

Beneficial effect of the present invention:

1, Marx generator of the present invention, by rational part design and layout, have the characteristics of compact, greatly reduces the inductance value of generator simultaneously.

2, compact ns high voltage pulse of the present invention source, by the Marx generator is reasonably designed, make high-voltage pulsed source in the situation that save the peaking loop, also can in load, obtain the rise time is 2.3ns, the high-voltage pulse output that pulse duration is 25ns, therefore the present invention has advantages of simple in structure with respect to existing design, simultaneously the present invention carries out modularized design to three large parts of high-voltage pulsed source, make the present invention have light, be easy to movement, can easily be for the unequally loaded benefit.

3, Marx generator whole circuit simulation model of the present invention, adopt the PSPICE model to be simulated to Self-breaking switch, when circuit model creates, can directly call this PSPICE model block, for this model, only needs that a small number of parameters is set and get final product, very easy to use.

The accompanying drawing explanation

The general formation block diagram that Fig. 1 is high-voltage pulsed source;

Fig. 2 is the Marx generator;

The gas spark switch of Fig. 3 for adopting;

The equivalent electric circuit that Fig. 4 is high-voltage pulsed source;

Fig. 5 is Marx generator circuit simulation model;

Fig. 6 is gas spark switch electrical quantity model;

Fig. 7 is the simulation and forecast output waveform.

Embodiment

As shown in Figure 1, high-voltage pulsed source is comprised of three parts, comprises primary energy and pulse generating system and load system.The primary energy system is by primary energy power supply (primary energy is powered by power electric), energy storage with relatively slow (s magnitude) produces high voltage or heavy current pulse (μ s magnitude) by switch, pass to fast the pulse energy storage component simultaneously, again by switch by shaping pulse and compression, by transmission line, the pulse electromagnetic energy is passed to load, finally in load, produce ns high voltage pulse, front two parts form high-voltage pulsed source.

Existing ns high voltage pulse source generally adopts Marx generator+peaking loop or secondary narrowing circuit to obtain fast pulse rise time, and for the high-voltage pulsed source about voltage magnitude 100kV, can pass through Marx generator appropriate design, the total inductance of Marx generator is met certain requirements, utilize pulse capacitor to pass through hyperbar, little gap and directly the principle of load discharge is realized.

For making high-voltage pulsed source total inductance amount reach requirement, the present invention has carried out appropriate design to the structure of Marx generator, as shown in Figure 2, the Marx generator comprises housing 1, pulse capacitor 2, gas spark switch 3, housing 1, pulse capacitor 2, gas spark switch 3 are cylindrical, and the three coaxially arranges, housing 1 comprises the metal body and is positioned at input insulating supporting lid 4 and the output insulating supporting lid 5 that the body two ends are fixedly connected with body.

The high voltage input terminal of pulse capacitor is covered and is connected with the direct voltage leading-in end near the input insulating supporting, the high-voltage output end of pulse capacitor is connected with the high-field electrode of gas spark switch, and the low-field electrode of gas spark switch is connected near output insulating supporting lid 5 and with the high-voltage output end that is positioned at the output insulating supporting lid outside.The high-voltage output end of pulse capacitor is enclosed within the centre bore of the ground connection disk 7 in housing, and is fixedly connected with ground connection disk 7 by the annular connecting plate 14 that is positioned at the high-voltage output end place.The housing below is provided with the pedestal 6 of support housing.

Use the compact ns high voltage pulse source of above-mentioned Marx generator, saved the peaking loop in existing high-voltage pulsed source, formed by three parts, i.e. Marx generator, control unit, high voltage direct current charge power supply, and the three adopts modularized design.

Wherein control unit comprises electric control unit and gas circuit control unit, and electric control unit is combined floodgate, separating brake, the high-pressure lifting for controlling high voltage direct current charge power supply switch, the output voltage of Real-Time Monitoring high voltage direct current charge power supply; The gas circuit control unit is for realizing effective isolation and the conducting of gas spark switch.

The high voltage direct current charge power supply is positive 100kV DC power supply, to realize high direct voltage output by full-wave rectification, the then pulse capacitor charging to the Marx generator by charging resistor, when charging reaches predetermined value, gas spark switch punctures conducting, pulse capacitor, to load discharge, finally produces high-voltage pulse in load.

The structure that Fig. 3 is gas spark switch of the present invention, mainly comprise high-field electrode 11 and high-field electrode pedestal 10, low-field electrode 13 and low-field electrode pedestal 12, insulating gas chamber 9 and inflation/deflation standard valve 8.Requirement to gas spark switch is ON time short (being less than 5ns), working stability.

The equivalent electric circuit that Fig. 4 is high-voltage pulsed source, wherein C is pulse capacitor, and K1 is switch, and L is load, according to the equivalent electric circuit of Fig. 4, sets up the single order homogeneous differential equation:

$\mathrm{RC}\frac{{\mathrm{dU}}_{\mathrm{Cm}}}{\mathrm{dt}}+U_{\mathrm{Cm}}=0---\left(1\right)$

Before switch motion, electric capacity charges, and the solution of trying to achieve like this differential equation that meets initial condition is:

$U_{\mathrm{Cm}}=U_0{e}^{-\frac{t}{\mathrm{RC}}}---\left(2\right)$

Voltage on load resistance in circuit is:

$U_R=U_0{e}^{-\frac{t}{\mathrm{RC}}}---\left(3\right)$

According to the half-breadth tw of load characteristic impedance and output waveform, can calculate the capacitance of capacitor according to (3) formula.

Each composition parameter for more detailed assessment high-voltage pulsed source core cell-Marx generator, need by further theoretical modeling and simulation calculation, in order to instruct choosing of actual parameter, adopt the PSPICE circuit simulating software to set up Marx generator whole circuit simulation model for this reason, simulation model as shown in Figure 5, in model:

The Cm:Marx generator is set up electric capacity;

The Lm:Marx generator is set up inductance;

Switch01: Self-breaking switch PSPICE model;

Switch02: Closing Switch;

The Cg:Marx generator is stray capacitance over the ground;

Rg:Marx generator earth resistance;

Rf: pure resistor load.

Capacitor C _m, stray capacitance C over the ground _g, the earth resistance R _g, pure resistor load R _fan end ground connection, capacitor C _mthe other end and stray capacitance C over the ground _gthe other end between series inductance L _m, resistance R _mand Self-breaking switch PSPICE model Switch01, stray capacitance C over the ground _gwith the earth resistance R _gother end eutectic point, the earth resistance R _gthe other end and pure resistor load R _fthe other end between series connection Closing Switch Switch02, pure resistor load R _fnode place making alive with Closing Switch Switch02.

As shown in Figure 6, Self-breaking switch PSPICE model Switch01 comprises the electric arc inductance L _s, arc resistance R, gap capacitance C _s, the structure inductance L _j1, the structure inductance L _j2and structure capacitive C _j, the structure inductance L _j1, arc resistance R, electric arc inductance L _s, the structure inductance L _j2series connection successively, structure capacitive C _jbe connected on the structure inductance L _j1the other end and structure inductance L _j2the other end between, gap capacitance C _san end be connected to the structure inductance L _j1and, between arc resistance R, the other end of gap capacitance is connected to the electric arc inductance L _swith the structure inductance L _j2between, arc resistance R is variable resistor, and at switch, when insulating state, arc resistance R is infinitely great, and, when conducting state, is equivalent to short circuit, and resistance is close to zero.

In the breadboardin process, for the parameter of switch, also need to set amplitude and each electrical quantity that it punctures time of delay, ON time (i.e. the time scale in conducting state), puncture voltage.But its structural parameters (structure inductance L j1 and Lj2 and structure capacitive Cj) are for the switch of same structure, its value is a fixing value, running parameter is arc resistance, electric arc inductance and gap capacitance, they are relevant to the steepness of discharging current, voltage, for this reason, in conjunction with the topology requirement of software itself, the switching circuit parameter model is simplified to assembled package.

Detailed process is: at first by programming, obtains database file * .lib file, then writes corresponding * .exe file, and within the file that compiling is completed is placed in the library archive of software.Finally be set to global variable.

When circuit model creates, directly can call the switch model like this, in model, only need that a small number of parameters is set and get final product.

By the scanning analysis to whole circuit simulation model parameters, impulse waveform in simultaneously observation analysis load, when reaching optimal values, fixing parameters value.

As shown in Figure 7, according to the whole circuit simulation results, when load impedance is chosen 110 Ω, Marx generator design parameter is intended selected: electric capacity rated voltage 100kV, and capacity: 300 ± 3pF, the loop inductance parameter is less than 125 ± 10nH, the gas spark switch ON time is less than 5ns, can obtain 2.3ns pulse rise time in load, the high-voltage pulse of pulse duration 25ns is exported, and can obtain the high-voltage pulse of nanosecond 100kV.

Claims (6)

1. a Marx generator, comprise housing (1), pulse capacitor (2), gas spark switch (3), it is characterized in that: described housing (1), pulse capacitor (2), gas spark switch (3) are cylindrical, and the three coaxially arranges,

Described housing (1) comprises the metal body and is positioned at input insulating supporting lid (4) and the output insulating supporting that the body two ends are fixedly connected with body and cover (5),

The high voltage input terminal of described pulse capacitor (2) is covered (4) and is connected with the direct voltage leading-in end near the input insulating supporting, the high-voltage output end of described pulse capacitor (2) is connected with the high-field electrode of gas spark switch (3), the low-field electrode of described gas spark switch (3) is connected near output insulating supporting lid (5) and with the high-voltage output end that is positioned at the output insulating supporting lid outside

The high-voltage output end of described pulse capacitor (3) is enclosed within the centre bore of the ground connection disk (7) in housing, and is fixedly connected with ground connection disk (7) by the annular connecting plate (14) that is positioned at the high-voltage output end place.

2. Marx generator according to claim 1, is characterized in that: also comprise the pedestal (6) that is positioned at housing supported underneath housing.

3. a compact ns high voltage pulse source is characterized in that: comprise control unit, high voltage direct current charge power supply and Marx generator,

Described control unit comprises electric control unit and gas circuit control unit, and described electric control unit is combined floodgate, separating brake, the high-pressure lifting for controlling high voltage direct current charge power supply switch, the output voltage of Real-Time Monitoring high voltage direct current charge power supply; Described gas circuit control unit is for realizing effective isolation and the conducting of gas spark switch of Marx generator,

Described high voltage direct current charge power supply is the charging of Marx generator,

Described Marx generator, comprise housing (1), pulse capacitor (2), gas spark switch (3), and described housing (1), pulse capacitor (2), gas spark switch (3) are cylindrical, and the three coaxially arranges,

Described housing (1) comprises the metal body and is positioned at input insulating supporting lid (4) and the output insulating supporting that the body two ends are fixedly connected with body and cover (5),

The high voltage input terminal of described pulse capacitor (2) is covered (4) and is connected with the direct voltage leading-in end near the input insulating supporting, the high-voltage output end of described pulse capacitor (2) is connected with the high-field electrode of gas spark switch (3), the low-field electrode of described gas spark switch (3) is connected near output insulating supporting lid (5) and with the high-voltage output end that is positioned at the output insulating supporting lid outside

The high-voltage output end of described pulse capacitor (3) is enclosed within the centre bore of the ground connection disk (7) in housing, and is fixedly connected with ground connection disk (7) by the annular connecting plate (14) that is positioned at the high-voltage output end place.

4. compact ns high voltage pulse according to claim 3 source, is characterized in that: also comprise the pedestal (6) that is positioned at housing supported underneath housing.

5. one kind for Marx generator whole circuit simulation model claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: comprise capacitor C _m, inductance L _m, resistance R _m, Self-breaking switch PSPICE model Switch01, Closing Switch Switch02, stray capacitance C over the ground _g, the earth resistance R _g, pure resistor load R _f,

Described capacitor C _m, stray capacitance C over the ground _g, the earth resistance R _g, pure resistor load R _fan end ground connection, described capacitor C _mthe other end and stray capacitance C over the ground _gthe other end between series inductance L _m, resistance R _mand Self-breaking switch PSPICE model Switch01,

The described C of stray capacitance over the ground _gwith the earth resistance R _gother end eutectic point, described earth resistance R _gthe other end and pure resistor load R _fthe other end between series connection Closing Switch Switch02, described pure resistor load R _fnode place making alive with Closing Switch Switch02.

6. Marx generator whole circuit simulation model according to claim 5 is characterized in that:

Described Self-breaking switch PSPICE model Switch01 comprises the electric arc inductance L _s, arc resistance R, gap capacitance C _s, the structure inductance L _j1, the structure inductance L _j2and structure capacitive C _j,

Described structure inductance L _j1, arc resistance R, electric arc inductance L _s, the structure inductance L _j2series connection successively, described structure capacitive C _jbe connected on the structure inductance L _j1the other end and structure inductance L _j2the other end between, described gap capacitance C _san end be connected to the structure inductance L _j1and, between arc resistance R, the other end of described gap capacitance is connected to the electric arc inductance L _swith the structure inductance L _j2between, described arc resistance R is variable resistor.

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