CN101819233A - Impact grounding impedance measuring system and measuring method thereof - Google Patents
Impact grounding impedance measuring system and measuring method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an impact grounding impedance measuring system which comprises a high-voltage direct current source, a high-voltage pulse capacitor, a discharging loop, a high-voltage charging switch, a high-voltage discharging switch, a resistance current divider, a water resistance voltage divider, a high-voltage pulse source control table, a digital oscilloscope and an optical fiber signal transmitting system, wherein the resistance current divider is connected with the high-voltage pulse capacitor and the discharging loop in series; the water resistance voltage divider is connected with a reference grounding electrode of the discharging loop; the optical fiber signal transmitting system comprises an optical transmitter, an optical fiber and an optical receiver; the voltage divider and the current divider are respectively connected with the digital oscilloscope through the optical fiber signal transmitting system; and the high-voltage discharging switch is a motion ball gap switch. The invention has the advantages of compact structure, small volume, convenient carrying, simple operation, accurate and stable measuring value, reduction of electromagnetic interference and reduction of measuring error.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of grounding impedance measuring system and measuring method thereof, specifically, relate to a kind of impact grounding impedance measuring system and measuring method thereof.
Background technology
(Transient grounding resistance TGR) is the impact characteristics of reflection earthing device under the lightning current effect to impact impedance ground.At the beginning of last century, what people extensively adopted is that equipment such as voltage, reometer carry out the experiment of voltammetry stake resistance, and experimental error is very big.The fifties, the E type megger of USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) has replaced voltammetry, and power supply is a hand generator.The generation of China's ground meter will be since the seventies, and ZC series (as ZC-28, ZC-29 etc.) all will surpass E type megger on structure, measurement range, accuracy and scale division value.But because hand generator, precision is all not high.At the beginning of 1980, digital ground meter comes into operation, and stability is high more than megger pointer-type.The nineties, traditional earth resistance method has been broken in the generation of jaw formula resistance instrument, as French CA6411 type, Austrian GEOX type.Needn't squeeze into the auxiliary earth utmost point when single jaw type ground resistance measuring instrument advantage is to use, but measuring accuracy is not high; And two jaw type measuring instruments adopt electromagnetic induction principle, and measurement range and precision increase, but are subject to disturb.In recent years, along with the utilization of Computer Control Technology, intelligent ground resistance measuring instrument arises at the historic moment, as Italian HT234 type.Along with going deep into of impedance ground correlation theory research, domestic impedance ground measuring instrument occurs in succession, as SD-301 type, GPI-745A type, GCT-630 type.But find that after deliberation above-mentioned instrument all adopts the way of output of AC or DC, can not well reflect grounding body presents under the thunder and lightning effect impact characteristics and impedance operator, and all belongs to the category of power frequency impedance ground.
At Wang Jianguo, the summer Long March, people such as Wen Xishan disclose in " measurement of stake resistance under the effect of vertical junction terrain dash current " literary composition that " High-Voltage Technology " delivered and have been the earthy rising of iron tower earth mat under the effect of research lightning current, with impulse current generator vertical junction terrain impulse earthed resistance is tested, and provided the result of test.But adopted the transmission line of single, double shielded cable in the test, test waveform serious interference, easily distortion as signal acquiring system.In Master's thesis " development of a shaft tower impact grounding impedance measuring system " literary composition of battalion of grandson family of Xihua Univ, provide a kind of electric system shaft tower impact grounding impedance measuring system, adopting voltage-multiplying circuit to obtain maximal value is that the DC voltage of 2kV is to high-voltage capacitor charging, adopt shunt and digital recorder and utilize plain conductor impact current data directly to gather, test waveform is subject to disturb.
In a word, existing impact grounding impedance measuring system can not well reflect impact characteristics and the impedance operator that grounding body presents under the thunder and lightning effect, and its weak point mainly shows as: test waveform is subjected to serious interference, and measuring error is bigger.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art part, a kind of impact grounding impedance measuring system and measuring method thereof that can reduce interference, improve measuring accuracy is provided.
Impact grounding impedance measuring system of the present invention, comprise the high voltage direct current source, high-voltage pulse electric capacity, discharge loop, the high-voltage charging switch, high-voltage discharging switch, with the divertor of high-voltage pulse electric capacity and discharge loop series connection and the water resistance voltage divider that links to each other with reference ground-electrode in the discharge loop, also comprise the high-voltage pulsed source control desk, digital oscilloscope and fiber-optic signal transmission system, said fiber-optic signal transmission system comprises optical sender, optical fiber, photoreceiver, said voltage divider all links to each other with digital oscilloscope by the fiber-optic signal transmission system with shunt, and said high-voltage discharging switch is the motion sphere gap switch.
Preferably,
In the impact grounding impedance measuring system of the present invention, said high voltage direct current source comprises autotransformer, dry type step-up transformer, high voltage silicon rectifier stack, charging current table and current limliting power resistor.Wherein, autotransformer cooperates the dry type step-up transformer to use, and exports to obtain different interchanges, and then carries out rectification through high voltage silicon rectifier stack.The charging current table is used for showing the size of charging current, and the current limliting power resistor is used to control charging current, prevents the excessive damage components and parts of charging current.The high voltage direct current source is used for to high-voltage capacitor charging, and the mxm. charging voltage can reach 40kV.
In the impact grounding impedance measuring system of the present invention, said motion sphere gap switch comprises ball discharge, driving motor, draws high pot, limit switch, and said ball discharge is an embedding tungsten copper ball, and said driving motor is a linear reciprocation deceleration induction motor.The whole insulated nylon post that adopts of device is as support; Device top covers the discharge copper ball with the insulating epoxy tube, can effectively reduce the discharge noise; The triggering employing of ball crack is gone up ball and is fixed, and the ball releasing line motion triggers has guaranteed accuracy and reliability that trigger sphere gap is discharged.
In the impact grounding impedance measuring system of the present invention, said high-voltage pulsed source control desk comprises the high-voltage charging control circuit that is used to control copper ball high-voltage charging process, be used to the ball crack running control circuit controlling the digital DC voltage table of ball-gap discharge and be used to control the copper ball motion process, wherein the high-voltage charging control circuit links to each other with the high voltage direct current source, and the digital DC voltage table links to each other with the motion sphere gap switch with ball crack running control circuit.
High-voltage pulsed source control desk of the present invention is used for realizing the effective control to the motion sphere gap switch.Adopt the digital DC voltage table to monitor the linearly operating in ball crack, realized control better ball-gap discharge; Adopt charging voltage table and charging current table to carry out the demonstration of charging voltage and electric current; High voltage control platform self protective function, can be when effluve automatic cutoff high charge circuit; The autotransformer self protective function can be forgotten at the knob that boosts and make zero and carry out cutting off automatically under the situation of effluve and the getting in touch of external power source; Brake hard is carried out in the design of motor scram button in the time of can meeting accident action to motor; State deixis, in time discriminating device duty.
Impact impedance ground measuring method of the present invention comprises the following steps:
1) closed high charge switch disconnects the motion sphere gap switch, gives the charging of high-voltage pulse electric capacity;
2) when the high-voltage pulse capacitance voltage reaches predetermined value, disconnect the high-voltage charging switch, closing motion sphere gap switch, high-voltage pulse capacitor discharge;
3) the dash current ripple self discharge loop current utmost point of process harmonic injects the ground in a distant place, from grounding body output, flow through respectively shunt and voltage divider again; Simultaneously, the dash current i (t) on the shunt is flow through in one tunnel fibre system measurement, another drive test stroke voltage u (t), the dash current and the surge voltage waveform of digital oscilloscope collection and the output of recording light receiver; Calculate by formula (1) again and impact the impedance ground value:
Z
imp＝u(t)/i(t)(1)
In the formula: Z
ImpFor impacting impedance ground value (TGR); U (t) is a grounding body surge voltage instantaneous value; I (t) is for flowing into grounding body dash current instantaneous value.
The principle of institute of the present invention foundation is: according to Ohm law in the physics, we have known that resistance is constant.And real lightning current is a pulse current, claims that in simulation thunder and lightning laboratory it is a dash current.When measuring with this electric current feeding the earth, after discovery electric current (perhaps surge voltage) increased to certain value, the ratio of voltage and electric current no longer was constant, but descends along with the increase of added surge voltage.That is to say that the drift resistance of the earth is that non-linear resistance is not observed Ohm law.And impact impedance is the function of time, has reflected the dynamic response process of grounding body impact electric current, can reflect the quality of earthing device to thunder and lightning energy earial drainage performance preferably.
Impact the definition of impedance ground: in pulse current injected the time period of grounding body, each impedance ground constantly was the ratio of the injected value of current of the voltage drop that produces on the grounding body and synchronization, as formula (1).
Z
imp＝u(t)/i(t)(1)
In the formula: Z
ImpFor impacting impedance ground value (TGR), the Ω of unit; U (t) is a grounding body surge voltage instantaneous value, the V of unit; I (t) is for flowing into grounding body dash current instantaneous value, the A of unit.
" soil resistivity of earthed system, impedance ground and ground potential are measured guide rule " stipulated the measuring method of TGR in (GB/T17949.12000), the institute that its transient impedance normally records in a flash together adds the ratio of instantaneous voltage and momentary current, the TGR of this moment is not a definite value, but constantly change in time.At present, also do not have ripe TGR measuring equipment on the market, the invention of this system helps to impact the experimental study of impedance ground.
Impact grounding impedance measuring system of the present invention and measuring method thereof compared with prior art have following technique effect:
1, system architecture compactness, volume is convenient for carrying for a short time, is fit to multiple environment operation;
2, system operation is simple, and measured value is accurate, stable, can simulate the characteristic of fast forward position pulse high current preferably;
3, this system adopts two-way fiber-optic signal transmission system (being used for one, No. two optical sender, photoreceiver that impact impedance is measured) that the output signal of voltage divider and shunt is transferred to the two-channel digital oscillograph, be used for signals collecting, eliminate the interference of test lead effectively, reduced measuring error.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of impact grounding impedance measuring system of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is impact grounding impedance measuring system mesohigh DC source of the present invention and high-voltage charging control circuit figure;
Fig. 3 is digital DC voltmeter circuit figure in the impact grounding impedance measuring system of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is ball crack running control circuit figure in the impact grounding impedance measuring system of the present invention;
Fig. 5 (a) is a surge voltage waveform in the embodiments of the invention 2;
Fig. 5 (b) is an impulse current waveform in the embodiments of the invention 2;
Fig. 5 (c) impacts the impedance ground time domain waveform in the embodiments of the invention 2.
Wherein, k1 is the high-voltage charging switch, and k2 is the motion sphere gap switch.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, impact grounding impedance measuring system of the present invention, comprise the high voltage direct current source, high-voltage pulse electric capacity, discharge loop, the high-voltage charging switch, the motion sphere gap switch, the divertor of connecting with high-voltage pulse electric capacity and discharge loop, the water resistance voltage divider that links to each other with reference ground-electrode in the discharge loop, the high-voltage pulsed source control desk, digital oscilloscope and two-way fiber-optic signal transmission system, the fiber-optic signal transmission system comprises No. 1 and No. 2 optical senders, optical fiber, No. 1 and No. 2 photoreceivers, voltage divider and shunt are all by fiber-optic signal transmission system and digital oscilloscope Ch1, Ch2 links to each other.The high voltage direct current source comprises autotransformer, dry type step-up transformer, high voltage silicon rectifier stack, charging current table and current limliting power resistor.The motion sphere gap switch comprises ball discharge, driving motor, draws high pot, limit switch, and wherein ball discharge is an embedding tungsten copper ball, and driving motor is a linear reciprocation deceleration induction motor.The high-voltage pulsed source control desk comprises the high-voltage charging control circuit that is used to control copper ball high-voltage charging process, be used to the ball crack running control circuit controlling the digital DC voltage table of ball-gap discharge and be used to control the copper ball motion process, wherein the high-voltage charging control circuit links to each other with the high voltage direct current source, and the digital DC voltage table links to each other with the motion sphere gap switch with ball crack running control circuit.
The electrode of discharge loop is arranged according to traditional three electrode method (5D-0.618 method) of measuring power frequency earthing resistance.The big divertor of connecting in the discharge loop of high-voltage pulse electric capacity and tested grounding body is used to measure impulse current waveform.The water resistance voltage divider is connected tested earthing device and with reference between the ground-electrode, is used to measure the rock burst waveform of grounding body.Low inductance leads is adopted in the associated wiring of shunt and voltage divider.Shunt links to each other with digital oscilloscope by two-way fiber-optic signal transmission system respectively with voltage divider, comes recording voltage and current pulse shape simultaneously.Need in the measuring process that system is carried out time delay and proofread and correct, utilize the surge voltage of every group record and dash current time domain waveform figure to calculate the TGR curve.
Impact impedance ground measuring method of the present invention comprises the following steps:
1) closed high charge switch disconnects the motion sphere gap switch, gives the charging of high-voltage pulse electric capacity;
2) when the high-voltage pulse capacitance voltage reaches predetermined value, disconnect the high-voltage charging switch, closing motion sphere gap switch, high-voltage pulse capacitor discharge;
3) the dash current ripple self discharge loop current utmost point of process harmonic injects the ground in a distant place, from grounding body output, flow through respectively shunt and voltage divider again; Simultaneously, the dash current i (t) on the shunt is flow through in one tunnel fibre system measurement, another drive test stroke voltage u (t), the dash current and the surge voltage waveform of digital oscilloscope collection and the output of recording light receiver; Calculate by formula (1) again and impact the impedance ground value:
Z
imp＝u(t)/i(t)?(1)
In the formula: Zimp is for impacting impedance ground value (TGR); U (t) is a grounding body surge voltage instantaneous value; I (t) is for flowing into grounding body dash current instantaneous value.
As shown in Figure 2, the high-voltage charging control circuit is mainly used in the effective control to copper ball high-voltage charging process, realizes the multiple protective to copper ball charging overall process simultaneously.The high-voltage charging process is: closed total power switch, and power light HL4 is bright; Press high-voltage charging button SB1, HL1 is bright for the high-voltage charging pilot lamp, A.C. contactor KM3 energising, K switch M3a, KM3c closure; Regulate autotransformer and boost knob to the electric capacity charging that links to each other with copper ball, charging voltage reaches desirable value.
As shown in Figure 3, measuring system adopts the digital DC voltage table to monitor the linearly operating in ball crack, has realized the control to ball-gap discharge better.Magnitude of voltage and ball crack spacing are linear corresponding relation.The maximum spacing 80mm of two copper balls, minimum spacing is less than 1mm.Motor is just changeing increases ball crack spacing, and the motor counter-rotating reduces ball crack spacing.Adopt isolating transformer T that the ground wire medium and low frequency is disturbed in the circuit and suppress, the marking current in the circuit only flows through in the Transformer Winding line like this, therefore can avoid the interference to other circuit.Adopting power-supply filter F1, F2 is unwanted electromagnetic energy that electromagnetic interference (EMI) is reduced to satisfied degree, has solved the Conduction Interference problem effectively.Switching Power Supply S is converted into the 24V direct current to the 220V alternating current, realizes the power demands to adjustable potentiometer W1, stretching pot W2 and digital DC voltage table.
As shown in Figure 4, ball crack running control circuit is mainly used in the effective control to the copper ball motion process.Two windings of two axis 90 ° of space mutual deviations are housed on the drive motor stator that is adopted in this circuit.Behind starting winding (W1W2) electric capacity of series connection and the resistance, be connected on the single phase alternating current power supply with main winding (W1W3) again.When needs motor backward rotation, only need to exchange the role who starts winding and main winding, the direction of current that promptly changes flow through electric capacity and resistance just can be realized.
The copper ball ball-gap discharge process that moves upward is: press discharge control knob SB2, it is bright that motor is just changeing pilot lamp HL2, A.C. contactor KM1 energising simultaneously, K switch M1b, KM1c and KM1e closure, KM1a and KM1d open, the KM3 outage, KM3a, KM3c open, and high-voltage charging pilot lamp HL1 extinguishes, the driving motor forward rotation, the below copper ball is upwards done rectilinear motion, ball-gap discharge; Oppress behind the contact upper limit position switch XWK1 and open, the KM1 outage, while KM1a, KM1d closure, KM1b, KM1c and KM1e open, and motor stops operating, and copper ball is static.
Copper ball moves downward the system reset process: press the control knob SB3 that resets, HL3 is bright for motor counter-rotating pilot lamp, A.C. contactor KM2 energising simultaneously, K switch M2a and KM2d open, KM2b, KM2c and KM2e closure, the driving motor backward rotation, the below copper ball is done rectilinear motion downwards; Oppress behind the contact lower position switch XWK2 and open, the KM2 outage, while KM2a and KM2d closure, KM2b, KM2c and KM2e open, and motor stops operating, and copper ball is static.The whole charging and discharging action is finished, and system is returned to original state.
Measuring system among the employing embodiment 1 and measuring method are impacted impedance ground to a single round steel grounding body actual measurement, obtain surge voltage waveform 5 (a) and impulse current waveform 5 (b), impact the impedance ground time domain waveform by calculating Fig. 5 (c).
Claims (4)
1. impact grounding impedance measuring system, comprise the high voltage direct current source, high-voltage pulse electric capacity, discharge loop, the high-voltage charging switch, high-voltage discharging switch, with the divertor of high-voltage pulse electric capacity and discharge loop series connection and the water resistance voltage divider that links to each other with reference ground-electrode in the discharge loop, it is characterized in that, also comprise the high-voltage pulsed source control desk, digital oscilloscope and fiber-optic signal transmission system, said fiber-optic signal transmission system comprises optical sender, optical fiber, photoreceiver, said voltage divider all links to each other with digital oscilloscope by the fiber-optic signal transmission system with shunt, and said high-voltage discharging switch is the motion sphere gap switch.
2. a kind of impact grounding impedance measuring system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said high voltage direct current source comprises autotransformer, dry type step-up transformer, high voltage silicon rectifier stack, charging current table and current limliting power resistor.
3. a kind of impact grounding impedance measuring system according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, said high-voltage pulsed source control desk comprises the high-voltage charging control circuit that is used to control the high-voltage charging process, be used to the ball crack running control circuit of monitoring the digital DC voltage table of sparking voltage and being used to control the copper ball motion process, wherein the high-voltage charging control circuit links to each other with the high voltage direct current source, and the digital DC voltage table links to each other with sphere gap switch with ball crack running control circuit.
4. one kind is impacted the impedance ground measuring method, it is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
1) closed high charge switch disconnects the motion sphere gap switch, gives the charging of high-voltage pulse electric capacity;
2) when the high-voltage pulse capacitance voltage reaches predetermined value, disconnect the high-voltage charging switch, closing motion sphere gap switch, high-voltage pulse capacitor discharge;
3) the dash current ripple self discharge loop current utmost point of process harmonic injects the ground in a distant place, from grounding body output, flow through respectively shunt and voltage divider again; Simultaneously, the dash current i (t) on the shunt is flow through in one tunnel fibre system measurement, another drive test stroke voltage u (t), the dash current and the surge voltage waveform of digital oscilloscope collection and the output of recording light receiver; Calculate by formula (1) again and impact the impedance ground value:
Z
imp＝u(t)/i(t) (1)
In the formula: Z
ImpFor impacting impedance ground value (TGR); U (t) is a grounding body surge voltage instantaneous value; I (t) is for flowing into grounding body dash current instantaneous value.
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