CN102268575A - Aluminum alloy material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an aluminum alloy material which is characterized in that the aluminum alloy material comprises the following components by weight percent: 0.16-1.2% of Fe, 0.001-0.8% of Cu, 0.001-0.8% of Mg, 0.001-0.8% of Zn, 0.001-0.8% of Ca, 0.001-1.0% of rare-earth elements, a trace amount of strontium, titanium, boron, nickel, chromium, zirconium, vanadium, beryllium, cobalt, lead, tin, bismuth, molybdenum, silver, indium, niobium and barium and the balance of aluminum. The alloy has excellent mechanical strength, processing performance and corrosion resistance and is suitable for the cable armored sheath.

Description

A kind of aluminum alloy materials and preparation method thereof

Technical field

The invention belongs to the nonferrous materials field, be specifically related to a kind of aluminum alloy materials and preparation method thereof.

Background technology

The wire armoured power cable can bear certain pressure and pulling force, mostly this type of armature of cable layer is to be made up of galvanized steel wire, because galvanized steel wire is a magneticsubstance, not only can cause its loss to increase for single core alternating-current because of the generation of eddy current with cable, and its thermal value is increased, in order to address this problem, the mode that generally adopts steel wire and copper wire to be provided with is at interval made armor layer.According to association of China Non-Ferrous Metals Industry statistics, by about 3,000 ten thousand tons of the reserves of COPPER IN CHINA resource in 2011, account for 5% of world's total reserves, the supply of copper ore concentrates is less than 30%, and about 7,000,000 tons of annual copper consumption surpasses 70% dependence on import.

Therefore develop suitable novel material, make tensile strength and unit elongation near the copper product performance demands, can not only reduce cost of investment greatly, and can save the copper resource greatly, and bauxite resource is abundant, and has excellent mechanical property and processing characteristics, by suitable modification, be the material that well substitutes copper material, so the aluminum alloy materials of development of new is the direction that replaces copper material future development, but the little (ρ=2.7g/cm of the density of fine aluminium ³), approximately be 1/3 of iron, fusing point low (660 ℃), aluminium is face-centred cubic structure, thus have very high plasticity (δ: 32～40%, ψ: 70～90%), be easy to processing, can be made into various section bars, sheet material.Corrosion resistance is good; But the intensity of fine aluminium is very low, and as-annealed condition σ b value is about 8kgf/mm ²So, should not make structured material.

Summary of the invention

Purpose of the present invention is carried a kind of aluminum alloy materials exactly, and this conductor has fabulous physical strength, processing characteristics and corrosion resistance nature, is applicable to the cable armoring sheath.

A kind of aluminum alloy materials is characterized in that: contain following component by weight percentage:

0.16 the Fe of～1.2wt%, 0.001 the Be of～0.4wt%, 0.001 the Cu of～0.8wt%, 0.001 the Mg of～0.8wt%, 0.001 the Zn of～0.8wt%, 0.001 the B of～0.8wt%, 0.001 the Ni of～0.8wt%, 0.001 the Mo of～0.8wt%, 0.001 the Ca of～0.8wt%, 0.001 the Ti of～0.8wt%, 0.001 the Ga of～0.8wt%, 0.001 the Ge of～0.8wt%, 0.001 the Sr of～0.8wt%, 0.001 the Zr of～0.8wt%, 0.001 the Nb of～0.8wt%, 0.001 the Ag of～0.8wt%, 0.001 the In of～0.8wt%, 0.001 the Sn of～0.8wt%;

0.001 the rare earth element of the Pb of the Mn of the V of～0.8wt%, the Cr of 0.001～0.8wt%, 0.001～0.8wt%, the Ba of 0.001～0.8wt%, 0.001～0.8wt%, the Bi of 0.001～0.8wt% and 0.001～1.0wt%, all the other are aluminium.

At least comprise a kind of among La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Sc, the Y in the described rare earth element.

Another object of the present invention provides a kind of preparation method of aluminum alloy materials.

The aluminium alloy material preparation method for material, step is:

The first step at 730～800 ℃, adds melting in the shaft furnace with each raw material in proportion, after stirring, through refining, slagging-off, degasification, 740～770 ℃ leave standstill the insulation 30min after, do stokehold sampling analysis, adjustment, to guarantee that each constituent content is within allowed band, carry out cast bar in casting machine, cast bar is imported milling train, the temperature that imports milling train is 500～550 ℃, deriving temperature is 350～420 ℃, is heated in the course of hot rolling.

Second step is with the aluminum alloy strips of the different sizes of cold rolling one-tenth on the aluminum alloy bar milling train.

The 3rd the step, with aluminium alloy at 500～550 ℃, the solution heat treatment of 4～8h.

The alloying element that adds among the present invention has following technique effect:

Add iron (Fe) back with Al ₃The form of Fe is separated out, and increases tensile strength and yield strength, the intensity of aluminium alloy and plasticity is significantly improved, thereby makes the unit elongation of aluminium alloy meet or exceed 30%.When content surpasses 1.2wt%,, can cause the reduction of unit elongation though intensity has risen.

After adding the beryllium (Be) of 0.001～0.4wt%, improve alloy output and purity, it is better to obtain surface smoothness, the higher and improved more purified premium casting of ductility of intensity.Add Be in the alloy and can make brittle Fe intermetallic crystal be transformed into little equiaxed crystal, improve the intensity and the ductility of alloy, and can allow that higher Fe content is arranged in the aluminium alloy by big needle-like shape and stratiform shape.Be can also improve the flowability of aluminium alloy, the flowability of melt is increased, and can improve tensile strength of alloys and yield strength.

Copper (Cu) is main alloying element, and certain solid fusing effect is arranged, and forms CuAl ₂Tangible inefficacy strengthening effect is arranged, improve mechanical property, add the Cu of 0.001～0.8wt% in aluminium alloy, can improve the corrosion stability and the thermotolerance of alloy, but the coefficient of expansion is little, wear resisting property is superior.

Magnesium (Mg) has bigger enhancement to aluminium, the magnesium of every increase by 1%, the tensile strength 34MPa that raises approximately;

Zinc (Zn) is beneficial to the raising of alloy strength under texturizing condition, have preservative activity simultaneously;

During boron (B) adding was aluminium base, the energy crystal grain thinning formed tiny disperse precipitated phase, because have a large amount of this disperse phase in the alloy, growing up of crystal grain also hindered, thereby can significantly improve recrystallization temperature, prolong recrystallize incubation period, reduce recrystallize speed.Significantly improve the intensity and the extension property of alloy, and make alloy have better fatigue resistance.

An amount of Ni adds in the alloy, and except the minority solid solution was in aluminum substrate, most of and Al, Cu formed Al ₇Cu ₄The disperse of Ni intermetallic compound is distributed in crystal boundary, plays dispersion-strengthened action.And Ni and Fe, Al have formed intermetallic compound Al ₉FeNi, this presents the worm shape mutually and is distributed in crystal boundary, greatly reduces Fe and form the mutually caused harmful effect of needle-like in alloy.

0.001 the molybdenum of～0.8wt% (Mo) can improve the vibration and noise reducing performance of Al alloy, prolongs the work-ing life of material.

Calcium (Ca) adds in the alloy, can suppress recrystallize, improves recrystallization temperature, prolongs the recrystallize time, improves thermotolerance.

The titanium (Ti) that adds 0.001～0.8wt% is an interpolation element commonly used in the aluminium alloy, mainly is to be used for refinement cast structure, reduces tearing tendency, improves the mechanical property of material.

Add the Ga of 0.001～0.8wt%,, the tensile strength and the plasticity of aluminium alloy all are significantly improved.

Chromium (Ge) can hinder the forming core and the growth process of recrystallize in alloy, alloy is had certain strengthening effect, and in addition, chromium can also improve alloy toughness and reduce stress corrosion opening cracking maleate sensitivity.

After adding trace element strontium (Sr), zirconium (Zr), form Al3(Sc, Zr with aluminium) mutually, the lattice types of this phase and lattice parameter and base aluminum are very approaching, and this phase particle branch is even, fusing point height, Heat stability is good.Help to improve structural stability, welding property and etch resistant properties in the alloy molding process.

The niobium (Nb) that adds trace can and reduce the creep ability that velocity of diffusion improves alloy by the solution strengthening effect, reduces creep rate, prolongs creep life.

The silver (Ag) of trace adds in the alloy, plays in alloy and improves the solution strengthening effect, can improve the physical strength of alloy significantly.

In the aluminium alloy scolder, add cross flow area that an amount of indium (In) can increase scolder, improve its brazing property, improve the hot strength and the room temperature strength of composite band.

Barium (Ba) can well improve physical strength, particularly strength of alloy and the yield strength of alloy in alloy.

Vanadium (V) can form compound with aluminium, the crystal grain of refinement alloy.

Chromium (Cr) can improve the harmful effect of high-temperature behavior, reduction Fe in aluminium alloy, hinder the nucleation and the growth process of recrystallize.

After adding manganese (Mn), generate MnAl with Al ₆, having improved the intensity of alloy, manganese content reaches at 0.8% o'clock, and it is maximum that unit elongation reaches, MnAl ₆Another effect be dissolving magazine iron, form (Fe, Mn) Al6, reduce the detrimentally affect of iron.

Plumbous (Pb), bismuth (Bi), tin (Sn) all are low melting point metals, can solid solution be distributed on the grain boundary separately hardly in aluminium alloy, after aluminum alloy solidification finishes, be molten state, if uniform distribution on crystal boundary, then can improve the machinability of aluminium alloy, and it is good to have added the aluminium alloy wear resisting property of plumbous (Pb), tin (Sn).

Simultaneously owing to add a certain amount of La in the alloy, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Sc, multiple rare earth element such as Y, because rare earth element and hydrogen have extremely strong avidity, can generate the high compound of fusing point with hydrogen, certain dehydrogenation is arranged, refining, the effect that purifies, can effectively improve the alloy crystal weave construction, improve the intensity and the plasticity of alloy, and rare earth element can significantly improve the corrosion resistance nature of alloy, go for various humidities, acid or alkaline place, the work-ing life of having improved alloy greatly.

Therefore, the aluminum pipe of manufacturing of the present invention has good high-tensile, high-yield strength, high-elongation, corrosion resistance nature, high-temperature stability, and cost is more cheap than copper pipe, and performance is the important materials that instead of null is called iron pipe, copper pipe than iron pipe height.Add a certain amount of multiple alloying element among the present invention, these alloying elements play good effect for the physical strength that improves alloy, the processing characteristics that extension property has improved alloy, tensile strength of alloys can reach 330MPa, unit elongation can reach 10%, and Brinell hardness (HB) surpasses 200.And this alloy has corrosion resistance nature and high-temperature creep resistance preferably, is to be fit to substitute copper material or the good material of steel in a lot of occasions.

Embodiment

Specify content of the present invention below with reference to embodiment.

Embodiment 1

The composition tabulation (unit of each component is wt%) that table 1 is adopted for embodiment 1 to 4;

The processing parameter tabulation that table 2 is adopted for embodiment 1 to 4;

Above-mentioned embodiment does not limit technical scheme of the present invention in any form, and the technical scheme that mode obtained that every employing is equal to replacement or equivalent transformation all drops on protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. aluminum alloy materials, it is characterized in that containing following each component by weight percentage: the Fe of 0.16～1.2wt%, 0.001 the Be of～0.4wt%, 0.001 the Cu of～0.8wt%, 0.001 the Mg of～0.8wt%, 0.001 the Zn of～0.8wt%, 0.001 the B of～0.8wt%, 0.001 the Ni of～0.8wt%, 0.001 the Mo of～0.8wt%, 0.001 the Ca of～0.8wt%, 0.001 the Ti of～0.8wt%, 0.001 the Ga of～0.8wt%, 0.001 the Ge of～0.8wt%, 0.001 the Sr of～0.8wt%, 0.001 the Zr of～0.8wt%, 0.001 the Nb of～0.8wt%, 0.001 the Ag of～0.8wt%, 0.001 the In of～0.8wt%, 0.001 the Sn of～0.8wt%, 0.001 the V of～0.8wt%, 0.001 the Cr of～0.8wt%, 0.001 the Mn of～0.8wt%, 0.001 the Ba of～0.8wt%, 0.001 the Pb of～0.8wt%, 0.001 the Bi of～0.8wt%, and the rare earth element of 0.001～1.0wt%, all the other are aluminium.

2. aluminum alloy materials as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, it is characterized in that described rare earth comprises any among La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Sc, the Y at least.

3. the aluminium alloy material preparation method for material is characterized in that comprising the steps:

The first step is at 730～800 ℃, in proportion with each raw material, add in the shaft furnace and carry out melting, after stirring, through refining, slagging-off, degasification, 740～770 ℃ leave standstill the insulation 30min after, do stokehold sampling analysis, adjustment,, in casting machine, carry out cast bar to guarantee each constituent content within allowed band, cast bar is imported milling train, the temperature that imports milling train is 500～550 ℃, and deriving temperature is 350～420 ℃, is heated in the course of hot rolling;

Second step is with the aluminum alloy strips of the different sizes of cold rolling one-tenth on the aluminum alloy bar milling train;

The 3rd the step, with aluminium alloy at 500～550 ℃, the solution heat treatment of 4～8h.