CN103045915A - High conductivity moderately strong heat-resistant aluminum alloy monofilament and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High conductivity moderately strong heat-resistant aluminum alloy monofilament and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of a power industry electric transmission line overhead conductor. The present invention provides a high conductivity moderately strong heat-resistant aluminum alloy monofilament and a preparation method thereof. The aluminum alloy conductor includes: 0.01-0.1% of Zr, 0.01-0.2% of B, 0.01-0.2% of Si, 0.05-0.3% of Fe, 0.2-0.5% of Mn, 0.01-0.15% of Er and/or 0.01-0.15% of Y, any two or three elements selected from the group consisting of V, Ti and Cr, and the balance being Al and inevitable trace impurities, wherein 0.1-0.15% of V, 0.01-0.05%of Ti, and 0.1-0.15% of Cr are included. The aluminum alloy monofilament prepared by the present invention is high in electrical conductivity, good in heat resistance, and high in tensile strength.
Description
[technical field]
The invention belongs to power industry transmitting line aerial condutor technical field, specifically relate to strong heat-resisting aluminium alloy monofilament and preparation method thereof in a kind of high conductivity.
[background technology]
Traditionally, the Aluminium Cable Steel Reinforced that overhead transmission line adopts is because stable on heating restriction, and uses heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire more.In order not reduce intensity in the During Process of Long-term Operation under normal operating temperature, it is obvious not increase conducting wire sag, usually the recrystallization temperature that adds trace alloying element such as the raising aluminium such as zirconium, titanium in electrician's fine aluminium improves the thermotolerance of aluminium, although but the adding of zirconium, titanium alloy element has guaranteed thermotolerance, causes the reduction of aluminium conductor electric conductivity.The electric conductivity of the heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire of early development is lower, further makes the electric conductivity of heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire be increased to 60%IACS by the form that exists that adds rare earth element and boron control impurity element.Application number is 201210189763.6, the name be called disclose in high-strength highly-conductive heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire and preparation method thereof a kind of by Zr:0.15～0.60%, La:0.03～0.30%, Ce:0.03～0.30%, Y:0.01～0.30%, Fe:0.05～0.20%, Si:0.01～0.10%, other impurity contents≤0.10%, all the other are the high-strength highly-conductive heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire of aluminium, and its preparation method is: the preparation starting material are put into smelting furnace, intensification degasification melting, slag making, slagging-off, continuous casting and rolling becomes the heat-resisting aluminium alloy pole stock, thermal treatment, drawing wire machine is drawn into the heat-resisting aluminium alloy single line.The tensile strength of the hot aluminium alloy conductor that makes reaches 160MPa, and electric conductivity can reach more than the 61%IACS, and the long-time running temperature can reach 180 ℃, and stands 1 hour trial running of 280 ℃ of lower heating, and the intensity survival rate is greater than 90%.But in the preparation process of above-mentioned application, prepared aluminum-alloy wire or the electric conductivity of wire is low, tensile strength is low, and required Heating temperature is high and need thermal treatment in the preparation process, and production cost is higher.
Based on above research and application background, China needs the research and development high-conductive heat-resistant aluminium alloy conductor badly to adapt to China's power industry development need, the present invention adopts microalloying, control multiple alloying element content, and adopt rare earth modified, manufacturing has the heat-resisting aluminium alloy monofilament of electric conductivity 61%IACS, and the cancellation thermal treatment process is to reduce cost, be the preparation high-conductive heat-resistant aluminium alloy conductor basis of supplying raw materials, make heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire reach the raising transmission capacity, reduce the purpose of transmission line loss, thereby satisfy the construction demand of large capacity transmission circuit and city extending capacity reformation.
[summary of the invention]
For overcoming the problems referred to above, the present invention adopts microalloying, control multiple alloying element content, and adopt rare earth modified, manufacturing has electric conductivity 〉=61%IACS, tensile strength is greater than 180MPa, the heat-resisting aluminium alloy monofilament of heat resisting temperature 〉=120 ℃ (being incubated 1 hour residual intensity＞90% under 180 ℃ of conditions), and the cancellation thermal treatment process is to reduce cost, be the preparation high-conductive heat-resistant aluminium alloy conductor basis of supplying raw materials, make heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire reach the raising transmission capacity, reduce the purpose of transmission line loss, thereby satisfy the construction demand of large capacity transmission circuit and city extending capacity reformation.
For achieving the above object, the present invention is by the following technical solutions:
Strong heat-resisting aluminium alloy monofilament in a kind of high leading, elementary composition by following weight per-cent: Zr:0.01～0.1%, B:0.01～0.2%, Si:0.01～0.2%, Fe:0.05～0.3%, Mn:0.2～0.5%, Er:0.01～0.15% and/or Y:0.01～0.15%, also contain any 2 kinds or 3 kinds of elements among V, Ti, the Cr, all the other are Al and inevitable trace impurity;
Described V:0.1～0.15%, Ti:0.01～0.05%, Cr:0.1～0.15%.
Strong heat-resisting aluminium alloy monofilament in a kind of high leading of the present invention, wherein, the content sum of Er and Y≤0.25%.
Strong heat-resisting aluminium alloy monofilament in a kind of high leading of the present invention, wherein, the content sum of any 2 kinds or 3 kinds elements≤0.3% among V, Ti, the Cr.
A kind of method for preparing aluminium alloy monofilament of the present invention comprises the steps:
1) smelts: after choosing the aluminium ingot fusing of purity 〉=99.8%, under 720～780 ℃, be sequentially added into described alloying element, get aluminium liquid;
2) alloying: stir above-mentioned aluminium liquid, dehydrogenation, slagging-off are at 720～780 ℃ of lower alloying 25～50min;
3) casting bar processed: with insulation behind mould and die preheating to 200～220 ℃, with step 2) gained aluminium liquid is cast to and makes aluminium ingot in the mould, makes after hot extrusion and is of a size of Φ 10～60, the aluminium alloy rod that 80～200mm grows;
4) wire drawing: step 3) is made aluminium alloy rod carry out the monofilament that wire drawing gets Φ 2～3mm.
Method provided by the invention, wherein, the pouring temperature of the liquid of aluminium described in the step 3) is at 740 ℃.
Method provided by the invention, wherein, the time of mould and die preheating insulation is 10～30min.
Method provided by the invention is characterized in that the alloying element that adds in the described step 1) is simple substance or master alloy.
Method provided by the invention, wherein, the addition sequence of alloying element is: add at last Zr, Er and/or Y.
Method provided by the invention, wherein, Zr, the Er that adds at last, the adding temperature of y alloy element are 740～780 ℃.
Among the preparation method provided by the invention, put into successively each alloying element after the fine aluminium ingot melts fully, wherein Zr, Er, Y element are treated to put into successively when temperature of aluminum liquid rises to more than 740 ℃ because fusing point is higher again, treat that furnace temperature rises to 780 ℃, insulation 15～35min.Adopt aluminium liquid refining agent that aluminium liquid is carried out dehydrogenation, removes the gred and carry out refining, and use stirrer that aluminium liquid is stirred, make full and uniformization of alloying element, the alloying temperature is 720～780 ℃, insulation 25～50min.Mould is heated, prevent that die temperature and temperature of aluminum liquid from having big difference and cause shrinkage cavity in the aluminium of the causing liquid casting cycle, then mold heated to 200～220 ℃ insulation 10 ~ 30min carries out the casting of aluminium liquid, is cast into Ф 60～150mm, the aluminium ingot of long 20～80mm.Adopt the mode of hot extrusion with its round aluminium bar that is extruded into Ф 10～60mm, then carry out wire drawing.With speed cold drawn silk on drawing wire machine of 15m/s, join mould (Diamond dies) by many covers, multi-pass draws, and each deflection is 10%～15%, finally obtains the monofilament of Ф 2～3mm.
Zr in the aluminium alloy monofilament that the present invention adopts: zirconium atom radius ratio aluminium atomic radius is bigger, and zirconium spreads with substitute mode in aluminium, and its diffusion activation energy is high, separates out trickle Al to inferior crystallization grain boundary
3The Zr phase, it is difficult for agglomeration, and stability is high, can prevent the generation of recrystallize, still effectively pinning dislocation and crystal boundary under higher temperature hinder distortion and intracrystalline and Grain Boundary Sliding, creep resistance is improved, thereby the resistance toheat of aluminium alloy is improved.Simultaneously, the adding of zirconium can improve the creep-resistant property of aluminium alloy, makes aluminium alloy at high temperature also only have very little creep elongation, therefore, the spacing of overhead transmission line between the electric transmission pole tower bar is increased, and keep the less degree of dangling of aluminium alloy conductor;
Si: silicon is the impurity element that content is only second to iron in the aluminium, and castability and the welding that can improve aluminium alloy are mobile, can also make aluminium alloy that higher mechanical property is arranged;
Fe: be the dominant a kind of impurity in the commercial-purity aluminium, and be a kind of major impurity in the rafifinal.Usually occur with a thick crystal, or exist with aluminium-iron-silicon compound form, they have all improved the hardness of aluminium to a certain extent, but make the Plasticity Decreasing of aluminium.Although there is data to show in actual production, the Fe/Si ratio in the aluminium conductor should be 1.3～1.5, shows in the present invention significantly not reduce its electroconductibility when exceeding this scope;
V, Mn, Cr, Ti: these several elements all have crystal grain thinning, improve aluminium alloy room temperature tensile strength and improve stable on heating effect, yet the deleterious effect of every (1%Cr+Ti+Mn+V) is that per 1% silicon is to 5 times of aluminium electroconductibility deleterious effect.The content that this shows strict these several elements of control has important practical application meaning to the quality that guarantees aluminium conductor;
Er, Y: add the compound that Er and Y can generate with Fe, Si element reaction small and dispersed, because Fe, Si among the Al are out replaced, Fe, Si are separated out on the one hand, reduced resistivity; Because the tiny uniform distribution of precipitated phase can be played the effect of crystal grain thinning, when guaranteeing that aluminium bar unit elongation is higher, improve the intensity of aluminium alloy on the other hand;
B: add the resistance toheat that an amount of Zr can obviously improve alloy at aluminium conductor, but the electroconductibility that the adding of Zr also can alloy has a negative impact, there are some researches show an amount of B of adding in containing the aluminium alloy of Zr, can guarantee to improve its electroconductibility under the stable on heating prerequisite of alloy.Available data shows that the electroconductibility of alloy in the scope of Zr:B=1:2 can not have a negative impact.The adding of excessive B has certain grain refining effect to containing the Zr aluminium alloy, but it can make the alloy high-temp strength decreased, makes alloy thermotolerance variation.
Compared with prior art, of the present invention having the following advantages:
1) the present invention has cancelled thermal treatment by regulating addition sequence and the soaking time of alloying element, has saved cost thereby simplified preparation technology;
2) the aluminium alloy monofilament electric conductivity that makes of the present invention high (61%IACS, 20 ℃), good heat resistance (tensile strength is greater than 180MPa, heat resisting temperature 〉=120 ℃, 1 hour residual intensity＞90% of insulation under 180 ℃ of conditions).
[embodiment]
Embodiment 1
In medium frequency induction melting furnace, add purity and be 99.8% fine aluminium ingot, temperature is remained on 720 ℃ before with the fine aluminium fusing, when treating that temperature rises to 720 ℃, beginning is in the mode of master alloy, press B, Si, Fe, Mn, V, Ti, Cr, Zr, Er, the order of Y adds each alloying element successively, make their final content be: the Zr of massfraction 0.05%, 0.02% Er, 0.1% Y, 0.05% B, 0.03% Si, 0.055% Fe, 0.1% V, 0.02% Ti, 0.1% Cr and 0.25% Mn, alloying element is the form adding with master alloy, through stirring refining, slagging-off, under 760 ℃, cast behind the insulation 40min.With soft steel mold heated to 200 ℃, then insulation 10min, and temperature of aluminum liquid is down to 740 ℃ pours aluminium liquid in the mould into, forms aluminum alloy ingot, by extrusion machine aluminium alloy rod is carried out hot extrusion before the casting, and extrusion temperature is 150 ℃.The pole stock that will be extruded into is joined mould successively, carries out cold drawn silk at high speed wiredrawing bench, and drawing speed is 15m/s, and each sectional shrinkage is about 15%, finally obtains the heat-resisting aluminium alloy monofilament of Ф 2.3mm.After testing, the tensile strength of heat-resisting aluminium alloy silk is 200MPa, and electric conductivity is 61.3%IACS, and 180 ℃ of lower insulations 1 hour, test intensity was 185MPa, greater than 90% of former intensity.
Embodiment 2
In medium frequency induction melting furnace, add purity and be 99.8% fine aluminium ingot, temperature is remained on 720 ℃ before with the fine aluminium fusing, when treating that temperature rises to 730 ℃, beginning is with the form of simple substance, press B, Si, Fe, Mn, V, Ti, Cr, Zr, Er, the order of Y adds each alloying element successively, make their final content be: the Zr of massfraction 0.09%, 0.03% Er, 0.09% Y, 0.08% B, 0.05% Si, 0.07% Fe, 0.11% V, 0.04% Ti, 0.12% Cr and 0.3% Mn, alloying element is the form adding with simple substance, through stirring refining, slagging-off, under 750 ℃, cast behind the insulation 45min.With soft steel mold heated to 210 ℃, then insulation 20min pours aluminium liquid in the mould into, and temperature of aluminum liquid is down to 740 ℃, forms aluminum alloy ingot, by extrusion machine aluminium alloy rod is carried out hot extrusion before the casting, and extrusion temperature is 150 ℃.The pole stock that will be extruded into is joined mould successively, carries out cold drawn silk at high speed wiredrawing bench, and drawing speed is 15m/s, and each sectional shrinkage is about 15%, finally obtains the heat-resisting aluminium alloy monofilament of Ф 2.5mm.After testing, the tensile strength of heat-resisting aluminium alloy silk is 205MPa, and electric conductivity is 61.5%IACS, and 180 ℃ of lower insulations 1 hour, test intensity was 186MPa, greater than 90% of former intensity.
Embodiment 3
Adding purity is 99.8% fine aluminium ingot in medium frequency induction melting furnace, before temperature remained on 720 ℃ fine aluminium is melted, when treating that temperature rises to 725 ℃, beginning is pressed B in the mode of master alloy, Si, Fe, Mn, V, Ti, Cr, Zr, Er, the order of Y, add successively each alloying element, make their final content be: the Zr of massfraction 0.07%, 0.10% Er, 0.12% Y, 0.15% B, 0.15% Si, 0.21% Fe, 0.12% V, 0.05% Ti, 0.14% Cr and 0.5% Mn, its rare earth elements are the form addings with master alloy, and all the other alloying elements are the form addings with master alloy, through stirring, refining, slagging-off under 755 ℃, is cast behind the insulation 50min.With soft steel mold heated to 200 ℃, insulation 30min is down to 740 ℃ with temperature of aluminum liquid, then aluminium liquid is poured in the mould, forms aluminum alloy ingot, by extrusion machine aluminium alloy rod is carried out hot extrusion before the casting, and extrusion temperature is 150 ℃.The pole stock that will be extruded into is joined mould successively, carries out cold drawn silk at high speed wiredrawing bench, and drawing speed is 15m/s, and each sectional shrinkage is about 15%, finally obtains the heat-resisting aluminium alloy monofilament of Ф 2.1mm.After testing, the tensile strength of heat-resisting aluminium alloy silk is 195MPa, and electric conductivity is 61.8%IACS, and 180 ℃ of lower insulations 1 hour, the test residual strength was 178MPa, greater than 90% of former intensity.
Embodiment 4
Adding purity is 99.8% fine aluminium ingot in medium frequency induction melting furnace, before temperature remained on 720 ℃ fine aluminium is melted, when treating that temperature rises to 730 ℃, beginning is in the mode of master alloy, press B, Si, Fe, Mn, V, Ti, Cr, Zr, the order of Er adds each alloying element successively, makes their final content be: the Zr of massfraction 0.07%, 0.10% Er, 0.12% Y, 0.15% B, 0.15% Si, 0.21% Fe, 0.12% V, 0.05% Ti, 0.14% Cr and 0.5% Mn, its rare earth elements is the form adding with master alloy, all the other alloying elements are the form addings with master alloy, through stirring refining, slagging-off, under 750 ℃, cast behind the insulation 50min.With soft steel mold heated to 200 ℃, insulation 30min is down to 740 ℃ with temperature of aluminum liquid, then aluminium liquid is poured in the mould, forms aluminum alloy ingot, by extrusion machine aluminium alloy rod is carried out hot extrusion before the casting, and extrusion temperature is 150 ℃.The pole stock that will be extruded into is joined mould successively, carries out cold drawn silk at high speed wiredrawing bench, and drawing speed is 15m/s, and each sectional shrinkage is about 15%, finally obtains the heat-resisting aluminium alloy monofilament of Ф 2.2mm.After testing, the tensile strength of heat-resisting aluminium alloy silk is 196MPa, and electric conductivity is 61.5%IACS, and 180 ℃ of lower insulations 1 hour, the test residual strength was 179MPa, greater than 90% of former intensity.
Embodiment 5
Adding purity is 99.8% fine aluminium ingot in medium frequency induction melting furnace, before temperature remained on 720 ℃ fine aluminium is melted, when treating that temperature rises to 725 ℃, beginning is in the mode of master alloy, press B, Si, Fe, Mn, V, Ti, Cr, Zr, the order of Y adds each alloying element successively, makes their final content be: the Zr of massfraction 0.07%, 0.10% Er, 0.12% Y, 0.15% B, 0.15% Si, 0.21% Fe, 0.12% V, 0.05% Ti, 0.14% Cr and 0.5% Mn, its rare earth elements is the form adding with master alloy, all the other alloying elements are the form addings with master alloy, through stirring refining, slagging-off, under 755 ℃, cast behind the insulation 50min.With soft steel mold heated to 200 ℃, insulation 30min is down to 740 ℃ with temperature of aluminum liquid, then aluminium liquid is poured in the mould, forms aluminum alloy ingot, by extrusion machine aluminium alloy rod is carried out hot extrusion before the casting, and extrusion temperature is 150 ℃.The pole stock that will be extruded into is joined mould successively, carries out cold drawn silk at high speed wiredrawing bench, and drawing speed is 15m/s, and each sectional shrinkage is about 15%, finally obtains the heat-resisting aluminium alloy monofilament of Ф 2.3mm.After testing, the tensile strength of heat-resisting aluminium alloy silk is 193MPa, and electric conductivity is 61.2%IACS, and 180 ℃ of lower insulations 1 hour, the test residual strength was 177MPa, greater than 90% of former intensity.
Claims (9)
1. strong heat-resisting aluminium alloy monofilament in high the leading, it is characterized in that elementary composition by following weight per-cent of described aluminium alloy conductor: Zr:0.01～0.1%, B:0.01～0.2%, Si:0.01～0.2%, Fe:0.05～0.3%, Mn:0.2～0.5%, Er:0.01～0.15% and/or Y:0.01～0.15%, also contain any 2 kinds or 3 kinds of elements among V, Ti, the Cr, all the other are Al and inevitable trace impurity;
Described V:0.1～0.15%, Ti:0.01～0.05%, Cr:0.1～0.15%.
2. strong heat-resisting aluminium alloy monofilament in a kind of high leading as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the content sum of described Er and Y≤0.25%.
3. strong heat-resisting aluminium alloy monofilament in a kind of high leading as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the content sum of any 2 kinds or 3 kinds elements among described V, Ti, the Cr≤0.3%.
4. a method for preparing strong heat-resisting aluminium alloy monofilament in a kind of high leading as claimed in claim 1 comprises the steps:
1) smelt: the aluminium ingot fusing of choosing purity 〉=99.8% is sequentially added into described alloying element afterwards under 720～780 ℃, get aluminium liquid;
2) alloying: stir above-mentioned aluminium liquid, dehydrogenation, slagging-off are at 720～780 ℃ of lower alloying 25～50min;
3) casting bar processed: with insulation behind mould and die preheating to 200～220 ℃, with step 2) the gained temperature of aluminum liquid is down to 740 ℃, is cast to and makes aluminium ingot in the mould, makes after hot extrusion and is of a size of Φ 10～60, the aluminium alloy rod that 80～400mm grows;
4) wire drawing: step 3) is made aluminium alloy rod carry out the monofilament that wire drawing gets Φ 2～3mm.
5. method as claimed in claim 4, the addition sequence that it is characterized in that described alloying element is: B, Si, Fe, Mn, V, Ti, Cr element add when temperature rises to 740 ℃, and insulation 10min, Zr, Er, Y element add 740～780 ℃ of scopes, insulation 15～35min.
6. method as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that the pouring temperature of the liquid of aluminium described in the step 3) is at 740 ℃.
7. method as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that the time of described mould and die preheating insulation is 10～30min.
8. method as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that the alloying element that adds in the described step 1) is simple substance or master alloy.
9. method as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that the adding temperature of the alloying element of described last adding is no more than 780 ℃.
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Inventor after: Yang Fuyao Inventor after: Han Yu Inventor after: Ma Guang Inventor after: Chen Xin Inventor after: Zhu Zhixiang Inventor after: Zhao Yongsheng Inventor before: Yang Fuyao Inventor before: Han Yu Inventor before: Ma Guang Inventor before: Chen Xin Inventor before: Zhu Zhixiang |
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