CN102978476B

CN102978476B - Al-Fe-Re-RE aluminum alloy, and preparation method and power cable thereof

Info

Publication number: CN102978476B
Application number: CN201210445411.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 林泽民
Original assignee: 安徽欣意电缆有限公司
Priority date: 2012-11-09
Filing date: 2012-11-09
Publication date: 2015-02-04

Abstract

The invention provides an Al-Fe-Re-RE aluminum alloy, and a preparation method of the Al-Fe-Re-RE aluminum alloy. The method comprises the steps that: (a) an aluminum alloy ingot is cast; (b) the aluminum alloy ingot is subjected to a homogenization treatment; and the obtained aluminum alloy ingot is rolled, such that an aluminum alloy rod material is obtained; (c) the aluminum alloy rod material obtained in the step (b) is subjected to a batch-type annealing treatment; and (d) the aluminum alloy rod material obtained in the step (c) is subjected to an aging treatment, such that aluminum alloy is obtained. The invention also provides a power cable. According to the invention, through the selection and control over added elements and the adoption of a reasonable preparation process, the obtained aluminum alloy is provided with good comprehensive performance.

Description

Al-Fe-Re-RE aluminium alloy and preparation method thereof and power cable

Technical field

The present invention relates to technical field of alloy, particularly relate to Al-Fe-Re-RE aluminium alloy and preparation method thereof and power cable.

Background technology

Aluminium alloy is a most widely used class non-ferrous metal structured material in industry, is used widely in Aeronautics and Astronautics, automobile, machinofacture, boats and ships and chemical industry.Along with develop rapidly that is scientific and technical and industrial economy, the demand of aluminium alloy is increasing, then the research of aluminium alloy also thereupon deeply.The widespread use of aluminium alloy facilitates the development of aluminium alloy in power industry, and the Application Areas of aluminium alloy has been expanded again in the development of power industry simultaneously.

Power cable is used to carry and distribute the resource of electric energy, its basic structure by core, insulation layer, screen layer and protective layer four part form.Wherein, core is the current-carrying part of power cable, is used for transmission of electric energy, and it is the major portion of power cable; Insulation layer is isolated from each other between core and the earth and out of phase core at electric equipment compartment, and ensure electric energy conveying, it is indispensable integral part in power cable structure; Protective layer is the intrusion of protection power cable from introduced contaminants and moisture, and prevents external force from directly damaging power cable.Because copper has good electroconductibility, copper is widely used in the core of power cable.But along with the scarcity day by day of copper resource, and the content of aluminium is very abundant, replaces copper to receive the concern of investigator with aluminium, and therefore aluminium alloy becomes the focus of research as cable conductor.

Aluminium alloy power cable substitutes copper cable becomes a kind of trend gradually, and is widely applied.Aluminum-alloy conductor material of the prior art, comparatively excellent in electrical property, corrosion resistance nature and mechanical property etc., but in anti-fatigue performance or poor, thus easily there are quality problems, affect the work-ing life of aluminum alloy materials or bring potential safety hazard, therefore, aluminium alloy power cable over-all properties is still poor.

Summary of the invention

The technical problem that the present invention solves is to provide a kind of over-all properties preferably for the aluminium alloy and preparation method thereof of power cable.

In view of this, the invention provides a kind of Al-Fe-Re-RE aluminium alloy, comprising:

The Fe of 0.01 ~ 1.6wt%; The Cu of 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%; The Mg of 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%; The Co of 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%; The Be of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%; The Ca of 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%; The Zn of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%; The Sr of 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%; The Zr of 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%; The Li of 0.002 ~ 0.25wt%; The Na of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%; The K of 0.002 ~ 0.25wt%; The Ti of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%; The V of 0.001 ~ 0.15wt%; The Cr of 0.001 ~ 0.12wt%; The Mn of 0.001 ~ 0.12wt%; The Ni of 0.001 ~ 0.15wt%; The Ga of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%; The Ge of 0.003 ~ 0.2wt%; The Rb of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%; The Nb of 0.001 ~ 0.15wt%; The Mo of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%; The Tc of 0.001 ~ 0.25wt%; The Ru of 0.001 ~ 0.15wt%; The Rh of 0.002 ~ 0.1wt%; The Pd of 0.001 ~ 0.12wt%; The Ag of 0.001 ~ 0.1wt%; The Cd of 0.002 ~ 0.13wt%; The In of 0.003 ~ 0.18wt%; The Sn of 0.001 ~ 0.08wt%; The Sb of 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%; The Cs of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%; The Ba of 0.001 ~ 0.08wt%; The Hf of 0.001 ~ 0.22wt%; The Ta of 0.002 ~ 0.16wt%; The W of 0.001 ~ 0.08wt%; The Re of 0.002 ~ 0.18wt%; The RE of 0.01 ~ 3.0wt%; Be greater than zero and be less than or equal to the Si of 0.2wt%; Be greater than zero and be less than or equal to the B of 0.8wt%; The aluminium of surplus.

Preferably, the Fe of 0.25 ~ 0.6wt% is comprised.

Preferably, the RE of 0.1 ~ 0.6wt% is comprised.

Preferably, the Re of 0.008 ~ 0.12wt% is comprised.

The invention provides a kind of preparation method of Al-Fe-Re-RE aluminium alloy, comprise the following steps:

A) aluminium alloy cast ingot of following composition is cast: the Fe of 0.01 ~ 1.6wt%, the Cu of 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%, the Mg of 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%, the Co of 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%, the Be of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%, the Ca of 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%, the Zn of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%, the Sr of 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%, the Li of 0.002 ~ 0.25wt%, the Zr of 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%, the Na of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%, the K of 0.002 ~ 0.25wt%, the Ti of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%, the V of 0.001 ~ 0.15wt%, the Cr of 0.001 ~ 0.12wt%, the Mn of 0.001 ~ 0.12wt%, the Ni of 0.001 ~ 0.15wt%, the Ga of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%, the Ge of 0.003 ~ 0.2wt%, the Rb of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%, the Nb of 0.001 ~ 0.15wt%, the Mo of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%, the Tc of 0.001 ~ 0.25wt%, the Ru of 0.001 ~ 0.15wt%, the Rh of 0.002 ~ 0.1wt%, the Pd of 0.001 ~ 0.12wt%, the Ag of 0.001 ~ 0.1wt%, the Cd of 0.002 ~ 0.13wt%, the In of 0.003 ~ 0.18wt%, the Sn of 0.001 ~ 0.08wt%, the Sb of 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%, the Cs of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%, the Ba of 0.001 ~ 0.08wt%, the Hf of 0.001 ~ 0.22wt%, the Ta of 0.002 ~ 0.16wt%, the W of 0.001 ~ 0.08wt%, the Re of 0.002 ~ 0.18wt%, the RE of 0.01 ~ 3.0wt%, be greater than zero and be less than or equal to the Si of 0.2wt%, be greater than zero and be less than or equal to the B of 0.8wt% and the aluminium of surplus,

B) described aluminium alloy cast ingot is carried out Homogenization Treatments, the aluminium alloy cast ingot after Homogenization Treatments is rolled, obtains Aluminum alloy pole material;

C) Aluminum alloy pole material step b) obtained carries out intermittent type anneal;

D) Aluminum alloy pole material step c) obtained carries out ageing treatment, obtains aluminium alloy.

Preferably, the temperature of described Homogenization Treatments is 450 ~ 550 DEG C, and the time of described Homogenization Treatments is 6 ~ 16h, and the heat-up rate of described Homogenization Treatments is 3 ~ 8 DEG C/min.

Preferably, described step c) is specially:

Aluminum alloy pole material step b) obtained is heated to 280 ~ 350 DEG C, and lower the temperature after insulation 2 ~ 8h, temperature is down to 150 ~ 200 DEG C, cools after insulation 2 ~ 4h.

Preferably, described ageing treatment is carry out in 5 ~ 15KV/cm uniform electric field in strength of electric field.

Preferably, the temperature of described ageing treatment is 250 ~ 320 DEG C, and the time of described ageing treatment is 4 ~ 20h.

Present invention also offers a kind of power cable, comprise core, insulation layer, screen layer and protective layer, described core is the aluminium alloy described in such scheme or the aluminium alloy prepared by such scheme.

The invention provides a kind of Al-Fe-Re-RE aluminium alloy, the present invention is base with aluminium, and with the addition of the iron of trace, aluminium can form Al with iron ₃fe, the Al of precipitation ₃fe dispersed granules inhibits the creep strain of alloy, and part Fe also forms AlFeRE compound with RE and separates out, and precipitated phase AlFeRE can strengthen the anti-fatigue performance of alloy and the resistance toheat of hot operation, and rare earth compound precipitated phase can also improve yield strength intensity; The copper added forms θ phase with aluminium, and θ phase plays solution strengthening and dispersion-strengthened action, improves tensile strength and the yield strength of aluminium alloy; Vanadium formed with the element such as Fe, Cu, RE in alloy melt al-based compound be distributed in aluminium base in, there is High-Temperature Strengthening effect, improve the thermotolerance of aluminium alloy; Hafnium forms tiny dispersion-strengthened phase in the alloy, and reach a high temperature strengthening effect, improves the thermostability of alloy under hot operation; Barium can form Al in the melt ₁₄ba ₁₃, Al ₁₀ba ₁₂, Al ₇ba ₈, AlBa ₅etc. multiple alloy cpd, there is High-Temperature Strengthening effect, improve the high temperature creep property of aluminium alloy; Tantalum can form Al in the melt ₇ta ₉, Al ₇ta ₅, Al ₃ta ₄, Al ₂ta ₃, AlTa ₂etc. High-Temperature Strengthening metallic compound; The Re that Re element and matrix effect obtain ₃al ₄with fine aluminium, there is identical current potential, effectively can improve erosion resistance and the weldability of alloy; Re is as High-Temperature Strengthening phase simultaneously, has raising recrystallization temperature, suppresses the effect of recrystallize alligatoring, can realize the solution strengthening of alloy, supplements strengthening and improve resistance toheat; Rare earth element as surface active element, can integrated distribution on crystal boundary, reduce pulling force between phase and phase, thus make grain refining.The present invention, by the selection of alloy element and the control of content, is conducive to the raising of aluminium alloy over-all properties.

Present invention also offers a kind of preparation method of Al-Fe-Re-RE aluminium alloy, first carry out Homogenization Treatments by ingot casting, Homogenization Treatments makes ingot casting be heated evenly, and the weave construction of optimized alloy; Then the aluminium alloy cast ingot of Homogenization Treatments is rolled into pole stock and carries out intermittent type anneal, the internal stress produced in elimination mechanical processing process and the damage to microtexture, optimize crystalline structure, recover the electrical property of wire rod, optimize mechanical property, make the tensile property of material, flexility and anti-fatigue performance keep coupling preferably; Again the Aluminum alloy pole material after anneal is carried out ageing treatment in uniform electric field, the performance of whole material can be made to reach by ageing treatment and be uniformly distributed, properties overall target reaches all good coupling.The present invention is by the optimization to aluminum alloy Preparation Method, the tensile property of material, flexility, electrical property, corrosion resistance nature and anti-fatigue performance aspect is made to keep coupling preferably, and the performance of whole material is reached be uniformly distributed, thus obtain the good aluminium alloy of over-all properties.

Embodiment

In order to understand the present invention further, below in conjunction with embodiment, the preferred embodiment of the invention is described, but should be appreciated that these describe just for further illustrating the features and advantages of the present invention, instead of limiting to the claimed invention.

The embodiment of the invention discloses a kind of Al-Fe-Re-RE aluminium alloy, comprising:

The Fe of 0.01 ~ 1.6wt%; The Cu of 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%; The Mg of 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%; The Co of 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%; The Be of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%; The Ca of 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%; The Zn of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%; The Sr of 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%; The Zr of 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%; The Li of 0.002 ~ 0.25wt%; The Na of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%; The K of 0.002 ~ 0.25wt%; The Ti of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%; The V of 0.001 ~ 0.15wt%; The Cr of 0.001 ~ 0.12wt%; The Mn of 0.001 ~ 0.12wt%; The Ni of 0.001 ~ 0.15wt%; The Ga of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%; The Ge of 0.003 ~ 0.2wt%; The Rb of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%; The Nb of 0.001 ~ 0.15wt%; The Mo of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%; The Tc of 0.001 ~ 0.25wt%; The Ru of 0.001 ~ 0.15wt%; The Rh of 0.002 ~ 0.1wt%; The Pd of 0.001 ~ 0.12wt%; The Ag of 0.001 ~ 0.1wt%; The Cd of 0.002 ~ 0.13wt%; The In of 0.003 ~ 0.18wt%; The Sn of 0.001 ~ 0.08wt%; 0.001 ~ 0.2wt% Cs; The Sb of 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%; The Ba of 0.001 ~ 0.08wt%; The Hf of 0.001 ~ 0.22wt%; The Ta of 0.002 ~ 0.16wt%; The W of 0.001 ~ 0.08wt%; The Re of 0.002 ~ 0.18wt%; The RE of 0.01 ~ 3.0wt%; Be greater than zero and be less than or equal to the Si of 0.2wt%; Be greater than zero and be less than or equal to the B of 0.8wt%; The aluminium of surplus.

According to the present invention, iron as feature microalloy element, because aluminium can form Al with iron ₃fe, the Al of precipitation ₃fe diffusing particle inhibits the creep strain of alloy, and improves the stability connected.Fe can improve aluminium base tensile strength, yield strength and resistance toheat, can also put forward heavy alloyed plasticity simultaneously.In the preparation process of aluminium alloy, in alloy, part Fe is with Al ₃the form of Fe is separated out, and part Fe and RE forms AlFeRE compound and separates out, and after the high temperature anneal, the solid solution of Fe in aluminium base is less, then the electrical property of Fe alloy affects very little; But these disperse educts are on good terms and are strengthened the anti-fatigue performance of alloy and the resistance toheat of hot operation, and rare earth compound precipitated phase can also improve yield strength intensity.In alloy, the content of Fe is at below 0.01wt%, very little to aluminium base performance change, do not have effect, but the content of Fe can not be too high, if more than 1.6wt%, the weakening of aluminium base electrical property is comparatively obvious, and have impact for the use for electric wire and cable conductor, cable accessory and appliance field aspect, therefore the following effect of overall content control 1.6wt% is better.The content of described Fe is 0.01 ~ 1.6wt%, is preferably 0.20 ~ 1.0wt%, is more preferably 0.25 ~ 0.6wt%, is more preferably 0.30 ~ 0.45wt%.

Copper is the basic strengthening element in aluminium alloy, and it and aluminium form θ (Al ₂cu) phase, and θ phase has the effect of solution strengthening and dispersion-strengthened, effectively can improve tensile strength and the yield strength of aluminium alloy.If the content of copper is less than 0.001wt%, then improves not obvious to the mechanical property of aluminium alloy, if content is more than 0.3wt%, then reduce specific conductivity.In addition, Cu can also improve aluminum alloy heat performance.The content of described Cu is 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%, is preferably 0.008 ~ 0.28wt%, is more preferably 0.01 ~ 0.25wt%, is more preferably 0.05 ~ 0.20wt%, most preferably be 0.10 ~ 0.15wt%.

The present invention also added the larger magnesium elements of atomic radius in aluminium alloy, and magnesium can make lattice produce distortion, causes solution hardening; Magnesium can also improve erosion resistance and the resistance toheat of aluminium alloy simultaneously.But the content of magnesium should more than 0.3wt%, too Gao Zehui causes resistance too much to increase and the reduction of resistance toheat.The content of described magnesium is 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%, is preferably 0.005 ~ 0.25wt%, is more preferably 0.01 ~ 0.20wt%, most preferably is 0.05 ~ 0.15wt%.

According to the present invention, select high reactivity element cobalt as alloying trace additives, cobalt can form AlCo, Al in the alloy ₃co ₂, AlCo ₂etc. multiple dispersivity High-Temperature Strengthening phase; It and iron coexists time form Al in interdendritic ₄(CoFe) etc. complicated strengthening phase, hinders dislocation, stops grain sliding, effectively improve the antifatigue under Alloy At Room Temperature and high temperature and creep-resistant property, thus improve the thermotolerance of aluminium alloy.The content of described cobalt is 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%, is preferably 0.003 ~ 0.28wt%, is more preferably 0.005 ~ 0.25wt%, most preferably is 0.01 ~ 0.20wt%, most preferably be 0.055 ~ 0.18wt%.

Beryllium (Be) forms α, β dispersivity High-Temperature Strengthening phase in the alloy, can prevent the oxidation of alloying element, scaling loss and air-breathing, put forward the density of heavy alloyed smelting quality and surface film oxide.Be can also make impurity iron become a shape from needle-like, and when can prevent from pouring into a mould, sand mold casting and model recoil.Because Be has high affinity to oxygen and nitrogen, so it is efficient when melt is degassed, thus it is better to obtain surface smoothness, and intensity is higher, and the improved premium casting of ductility.On the other hand, add Be in alloy and the Fe intermetallic crystal of fragility can be made to be transformed into little equiaxed crystal by large needle-like shape and stratiform shape, improve intensity and the ductility of alloy, and can allow in aluminium alloy, there is higher Fe content.Be can also improve the mobility of aluminium alloy, the mobility of melt is increased, and can put forward heavy alloyed tensile strength and yield strength.According to the present invention, the content of described Be is 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%, is preferably 0.005 ~ 0.18wt%, is more preferably 0.10 ~ 0.15wt%.

Calcium (Ca) element, as the feature Addition ofelements of complex compound, forms Al in alloy melt ₄ca, Al ₂ca ₃, AlCa ₂deng metallic compound, can the high-temperature behavior of reinforced aluminium alloy, strengthen resistance toheat and the anti-fatigue performance of aluminium alloy, it can not cause too large impact to the electrical property of aluminium alloy at below 0.3wt%.The content of described calcium is 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%, is preferably 0.004 ~ 0.28wt%, is more preferably 0.011 ~ 0.25wt%, most preferably is 0.05 ~ 0.20wt%, most preferably be 0.08 ~ 0.15wt%, most preferably be 0.10 ~ 0.12wt%.

The present invention with the addition of the zinc of trace in aluminium alloy, and zinc forms REAl with Al in the melt ₂zn ₃, Fe ₃al ₂the various metals compounds such as Zn, can play the tensile property improving aluminium alloy, and to a certain degree effectively improving the high-temp anti-corrosion performance of aluminium alloy, can also improve the wear resisting property of aluminium alloy.The content of described zinc is 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%, is preferably 0.005 ~ 0.18wt%, is more preferably 0.01 ~ 0.15wt%, is more preferably 0.05 ~ 0.12wt%, most preferably be 0.08 ~ 0.10wt%.

Strontium (Sr) element, as the feature Addition ofelements of complex compound, can form Al in the melt ₇sr ₈, Al ₄sr ₃, AlSr ₂and AlSr ₃etc. multiple alloying element, High-Temperature Strengthening effect can be played, improve high temperature creep property.Secondly, Sr adds in aluminium alloy, can prevent aluminium alloy high temperature from ftracture when casting, avoids occurring unnecessary impact in casting, reduction process costs, improves disposablely to be processed into power.The content of described strontium is 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%, is preferably 0.005 ~ 0.28wt%, is more preferably 0.01 ~ 0.26wt%, is more preferably 0.06 ~ 0.24wt%, be more preferably 0.10 ~ 0.20wt%, most preferably be 0.12 ~ 0.15wt%.

Zirconium (Zr) element is as the feature Addition ofelements of complex compound, and it is by forming tiny dispersion-strengthened phase in the alloy, and reach a high temperature strengthening effect, improves the thermostability of aluminium alloy under hot operation; On the other hand, Zr and Fe, Cu and Al form complicated alloy cpd, can improve the anti-fatigue performance of aluminium alloy.The content of described zirconium is 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%, is preferably 0.005 ~ 0.25wt%, is more preferably 0.01 ~ 0.20wt%, is more preferably 0.05 ~ 0.15wt%, most preferably be 0.10 ~ 0.12wt%.

Silicon (Si) can promote Al ₃the precipitation of Zr, improves tensile strength; Si can also form Mg-Si metallic compound with Mg, improves the thermal characteristics of aluminium alloy.But the content of Si is no more than 0.2%, otherwise electrical property can be caused obviously to decline, and cast bar easily produces defect, in rolling and strand process processed, easily occur phenomenon of rupture.The content of described silicon is greater than zero and is less than or equal to 0.2wt%, is preferably 0.001 ~ 0.18wt%, is more preferably 0.05 ~ 0.15wt%, most preferably is 0.08 ~ 0.12wt%.

The present invention boron (B) is added aluminium base in, can crystal grain thinning, form tiny disperse educt phase, owing to there is a large amount of this disperse phase in alloy, growing up of crystal grain is also hindered, and thus can significantly improve recrystallization temperature, extend recrystallize incubation period, reduce recrystallize speed.On the other hand, boron can also improve intensity and the extension property of aluminium alloy, and makes alloy have good fatigue resistance.B can also form complex compound with Zr and Al, puies forward heavy alloyed thermal characteristics.The content of described boron is less than or equal to 0.8wt% for being greater than zero, is preferably 0.001 ~ 0.70wt%, is more preferably 0.01 ~ 0.65wt%, is more preferably 0.10 ~ 0.5wt%, be more preferably 0.25 ~ 0.45wt%, most preferably be 0.30 ~ 0.40wt%.

According to the present invention, with the addition of elemental lithium in aluminium alloy, lithium (Li) element, as the feature Addition ofelements of complex compound, forms Al in alloy melt ₂li ₃, AlLi ₂and AlLi ₅etc. dispersivity High-Temperature Strengthening phase, thus the hardness of raising aluminium alloy, corrosion resistance nature and toughness.The content of described lithium is 0.002 ~ 0.25wt%, is preferably 0.005 ~ 0.20wt%, is more preferably 0.01 ~ 0.15wt%, most preferably is 0.05 ~ 0.10wt%.

Sodium (Na) element, as the feature Addition ofelements of complex compound, forms Al in alloy melt ₂na ₃, AlNa ₂, AlNa ₅deng complex alloys compound, form complex alloys compound with Fe, Mg, RE in the melt simultaneously, above-mentioned alloy cpd Dispersed precipitate in the alloy, can crystal grain thinning, thus raising intensity of aluminum alloy, improve the anti-fatigue performance of aluminium alloy and increase the plasticity of aluminium alloy, strengthening the workability of aluminium alloy.The content of described sodium is 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%, is preferably 0.003 ~ 0.18wt%, is more preferably 0.005 ~ 0.15wt%, is more preferably 0.01 ~ 0.13wt%, most preferably be 0.05 ~ 0.10wt%.

Potassium (K) element, as the trace additives of aluminium alloy, forms Al in alloy melt ₅k ₇, Al ₃k ₄, Al ₂k ₃, AlK ₂deng complex alloys compound, described alloy cpd has High-Temperature Strengthening effect, can improve thermotolerance and the workability of aluminium alloy, strengthens the plasticity of aluminium alloy.The content of described potassium is 0.002 ~ 0.25wt%, is preferably 0.005 ~ 0.23wt%, is more preferably 0.01 ~ 0.20wt%, is more preferably 0.05 ~ 0.18wt%, most preferably be 0.10 ~ 0.15wt%.

Titanium (Ti) element is as the trace additives of complex compound, aluminium base complex compound is formed with multiple elements such as Fe, Mg, Cu, RE in alloy melt, effective crystallization of refinement, improve crystalline structure structure, and composite alloy compound is separated out on aluminium base crystal boundary, reduce the abated effect of other trace element to aluminium alloy electric performance, and the creep-resistant property improving aluminium alloy improves the castability of alloy.The content of described titanium is 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%, is preferably 0.003 ~ 0.18wt%, is more preferably 0.005 ~ 0.15wt%, is more preferably 0.01 ~ 0.13wt%, most preferably be 0.05 ~ 0.10wt%.

Vanadium (V) element as the trace additives of complex compound, formed with elements such as Fe, Cu, RE in alloy melt aluminium base complex compound be distributed in aluminium base in, there is the effect of High-Temperature Strengthening, the thermotolerance of aluminium alloy can be improved.The content of described vanadium is 0.001 ~ 0.15wt%, is preferably 0.005 ~ 0.13wt%, is more preferably 0.01 ~ 0.10wt%, most preferably is 0.03 ~ 0.07wt%.

Chromium (Cr) forms β-GrAl in the alloy ₇, η-Gr ₂7 kinds of dispersivity High-Temperature Strengthening phases such as Al, have refinement cast structure, the ability of heat resistanceheat resistant crackle when material crystalline; Chromium can also improve the wear resistance of aluminium alloy.The content of described chromium is 0.001 ~ 0.12wt%, is preferably 0.003 ~ 0.10wt%, is more preferably 0.01 ~ 0.08wt%.

The MnAl that manganese (Mn) element and the effect of matrix element aluminium obtain ₄with fine aluminium, there is identical current potential, effectively can improve erosion resistance and the weldability of alloy; Manganese is as High-Temperature Strengthening phase simultaneously, has raising recrystallization temperature, suppresses the effect of recrystallize alligatoring, can realize the solution strengthening of alloy, supplements strengthening and improve resistance toheat.The content of described manganese is 0.001 ~ 0.12wt%, is preferably 0.003 ~ 0.10wt%, is more preferably 0.005 ~ 0.08wt%, most preferably is 0.01 ~ 0.05wt%.

Nickel (Ni) element, as the feature Addition ofelements of complex alloys, can form AlNi in the melt ₂, Al ₃the High-Temperature Strengthening phases such as Ni, are distributed in matrix crystal boundary in disperse phase, put forward heavy alloyed room temperature intensity and hot strength and volume, dimensional stability, and have and make the compound of Fe become block tendency, namely reduce Fe to the impact of aluminium base electrical property.The content of described nickel is 0.001 ~ 0.15wt%, is preferably 0.003 ~ 0.10wt%, is more preferably 0.01 ~ 0.08wt%, most preferably is 0.03 ~ 0.05wt%.

Gallium (Ga) element, as the feature Addition ofelements of complex alloys, has and improves the problem of oxidation of aluminium alloy in melting, casting, welding, rolling, forging and stamping and extruding heat-processed.The content of described gallium is 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%, is preferably 0.003 ~ 0.18wt%, is more preferably 0.008 ~ 0.15wt%, is more preferably 0.01 ~ 0.12wt%, most preferably be 0.05 ~ 0.08wt%.

Germanium (Ge), as the feature Addition ofelements of complex alloys, can form Al in the melt ₉ge ₇, Al ₆ge ₅, Al ₅ge ₂, Al ₃ge ₄etc. multiple alloy cpd, form High-Temperature Strengthening phase, improve the thermally-stabilised and high-temperature creep resistance that alloy runs.The content of described germanium is 0.003 ~ 0.2wt%, is preferably 0.005 ~ 0.18wt%, is more preferably 0.01 ~ 0.15wt%, most preferably is 0.05 ~ 0.10wt%.

Rubidium (Rb), as the feature Addition ofelements of complex alloys, can form Al in the melt ₇rb ₉, Al ₅rb ₃, AlRb ₂, AlRb ₄deng metallic compound, improve the tensile strength of aluminium alloy, particularly improve the yield strength of aluminium alloy.The content of described rubidium is 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%, is preferably 0.003 ~ 0.18wt%, is more preferably 0.005 ~ 0.15wt%, is more preferably 0.005 ~ 0.15wt%, be more preferably 0.01 ~ 0.10wt%, most preferably be 0.03 ~ 0.08wt%.

Niobium (Nb) element, as the feature Addition ofelements of complex compound, can form AlNb in the melt ₃, AlNb, Al ₃the High-Temperature Strengthening metallic compounds such as Nb; Be distributed in matrix crystal boundary in disperse phase, put forward heavy alloyed room temperature strength and hot strength.The content of described niobium is 0.001 ~ 0.15wt%, is preferably 0.003 ~ 0.12wt%, is more preferably 0.005 ~ 0.10wt%, is more preferably 0.01 ~ 0.08wt%; Most preferably be 0.03 ~ 0.05wt%.

Molybdenum (Mo) element, as the characteristic element of complex compound, can form High-Temperature Strengthening phase Al in the melt ₁₂mo ~ AlMo ₃between 13 kinds of metallic compounds, be distributed in matrix crystal boundary in disperse phase, improve the room temperature strength of aluminium alloy and hot strength.The content of described molybdenum is 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%, is preferably 0.003 ~ 0.18wt%, is more preferably 0.005 ~ 0.15wt%, is more preferably 0.01 ~ 0.10wt%, most preferably be 0.03 ~ 0.08wt%.

Technetium (Tc), as the feature Addition ofelements of complex alloys, can improve the erosion resistance of alloy in the melt, shield impurity element simultaneously, reduces impurity element to the damaging effect of aluminium alloy electric performance.Tc can form Al with Al ₅tc ₇, Al ₄tc ₃, Al ₂tc ₃, AlTc ₂etc. complicated metallic compound, as High-Temperature Strengthening phase, there is raising recrystallization temperature, suppress the effect of recrystallize alligatoring, realize the solution strengthening to aluminium alloy, supplement strengthening and improve resistance toheat.The content of described technetium is 0.001 ~ 0.25wt%, is preferably 0.005 ~ 0.23wt%, is more preferably 0.01 ~ 0.20wt%, is more preferably 0.05 ~ 0.15wt%, most preferably be 0.08 ~ 0.12wt%.

The RuAl that ruthenium (Ru) and matrix effect obtain ₄with fine aluminium, there is identical current potential, effectively can improve erosion resistance and the weldability of alloy; Ru is as High-Temperature Strengthening phase simultaneously, has raising recrystallization temperature, suppresses the effect of recrystallize alligatoring, can realize the solution strengthening to aluminium alloy, supplements strengthening and improve the resistance toheat of aluminium alloy.The content of described ruthenium is 0.001 ~ 0.15wt%, is preferably 0.003 ~ 0.13wt%, is more preferably 0.005 ~ 0.10wt%, most preferably is 0.01 ~ 0.05wt%.

High reactivity elemental rhodium (Rh), as complex alloys trace additives, forms Al in the alloy ₅rh ₂, Al ₃rh ₂, AlRh ₂etc. multiple dispersivity High-Temperature Strengthening phase; On the other hand, itself and iron coexists time form Al ₄etc. (RhFe) strengthening phase is distributed in interdendritic, hinders dislocation, stops grain sliding, effectively improves the antifatigue under the room temperature of alloy and high temperature and creep-resistant property, thus makes aluminium alloy possess good thermotolerance.The content of described rhodium is 0.002 ~ 0.1wt%, is preferably 0.005 ~ 0.08wt%, most preferably is 0.01 ~ 0.05wt%.

Palladium (Pd) element, as the feature Addition ofelements of complex alloys, can form AlPd in the melt ₂, Al ₃pd, Al ₂the multiple High-Temperature Strengthening phase such as Pd, be distributed in matrix grain boundaries in disperse phase, the volume of heavy alloyed room temperature and hot strength and aluminium alloy, dimensional stability can be put forward, and make the compound of Fe become block tendency, namely reduce Fe to the impact of aluminium base electrical property, and play energy high temperature toughening effect.The content of described palladium is 0.001 ~ 0.12wt%, is preferably 0.003 ~ 0.10wt%, is more preferably 0.005 ~ 0.08wt%, is more preferably 0.01 ~ 0.05wt%.

Silver (Ag) element is as the feature Addition ofelements of complex compound, add a small amount of silver element in aluminium alloy after, promote the formation of timeliness transition phase, improve the stability of transition phase, improve the aging hardening behavior of aluminium alloy, make the mechanical property of alloy obtain larger raising.The content of described silver is 0.001 ~ 0.1wt%, is preferably 0.003 ~ 0.08wt%, is more preferably 0.005 ~ 0.05wt%, most preferably is 0.01 ~ 0.03wt%.

Cadmium (Cd) forms REAl with Al in the melt ₂cd ₃, Fe ₃al ₂cd, Al ₃cd, Al ₂cd ₃deng various metals compound, the tensile property of aluminium alloy can be improved, and to a certain degree effectively improve the high-temperature corrosion-resistance performance of aluminium alloy, and there is toughening effect, improve the high speed tension strength of alloy, avoid the cracking phenomena in drawing process to occur, improve lumber recovery.The content of described cadmium is 0.002 ~ 0.13wt%, is preferably 0.005 ~ 0.10wt%, is more preferably 0.008 ~ 0.08wt%, most preferably is 0.01 ~ 0.05wt%.

Indium (In), as the feature Addition ofelements of complex alloys, forms Al in alloy melt ₁₂in ₉, Al ₇in ₈deng Various Complex compound, have and improve the problem of oxidation of alloy in melting, casting, welding, rolling, forging and stamping and extruding heat-processed.The content of described indium is 0.003 ~ 0.18wt%, is preferably 0.005 ~ 0.15wt%, is more preferably 0.008 ~ 0.12wt%, is more preferably 0.01 ~ 0.10wt%, most preferably be 0.03 ~ 0.08wt%.

Tin (Sn), as the feature Addition ofelements of complex alloys, forms Al in the melt ₉sn ₇, Al ₆sn ₅, Al ₅sn ₂, Al ₃sn ₄etc. multiple alloy cpd, form High-Temperature Strengthening phase, improve thermostability and the high-temperature creep resistance of alloy operation, and effectively can improve the corrosion resistance under Alloy At Room Temperature or hot conditions.The content of described tin is 0.001 ~ 0.08wt%, is preferably 0.003 ~ 0.05wt%, is more preferably 0.005 ~ 0.01wt%.

First the high melting compound that antimony (Sb) and aluminium are formed separates out in dispersoid particle in alloy graining process, and the crystalline structure of its particle can be used as heterogeneous nucleus, and a large amount of disperse nucleus impels crystal grain fined, puies forward heavy alloyed yield strength.Because aluminum alloy solidification temperature range is wide, segregation tendency is large, and during slow cooling, the nascent rich aluminium α phase dendrite of low melting point floats due to light specific gravity, and dystectic rich iron, magnesium, copper liquid then deposit to final set bottom foundry goods.Solidify latter stage, dendrite forms network, and remaining liquid phase rises owing to soaking crystal face, flows into dendrite with feeding solidification shrinkage, thus occurs that bottom contracting is empty, the problem of shrinkage porosite, affects the plasticity of alloy.And add antimony in aluminium alloy after, stable multi-element compounds can be formed with the aluminium in alloy, iron, magnesium, copper, as Al ₅sb ₄fe etc., close with aluminium alloy of the density of these compounds, when alloy graining, first they separate out, and forms network frame, be suspended in aluminium alloy, inhibition is played to the whereabouts of the floating of rich aluminium phase and rich iron, magnesium, copper phase, thus the defect that inhibit the gravity segregation of alloy easily to cause lower surface to shrink, make alloy have superplasticity, be conducive to being drawn into very thin alloy wire.The content of described antimony is 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%, is preferably 0.003 ~ 0.28wt%, is more preferably 0.005 ~ 0.25wt%, is more preferably 0.01 ~ 0.20wt%, most preferably be 0.05 ~ 0.15wt%.

Caesium (Cs) element, as the feature Addition ofelements of complex compound, can form Al in alloy melt ₂cs ₃, AlCs ₂, AlCs ₅deng complex alloys compound, can form complex compound with Fe, Mg, RE at melt, above-mentioned metallic compound Dispersed precipitate in the alloy simultaneously, enough crystal grain thinnings can be played, there is raising alloy strength, improve Alloy Anti fatigue property, increase the effect of the workability of alloy plasticity and enhancing alloy.The content of described caesium is 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%, is preferably 0.004 ~ 0.18wt%, is more preferably 0.01 ~ 0.15wt%, is more preferably 0.03 ~ 0.12wt%, most preferably be 0.01 ~ 0.10wt%.

Barium (Ba) element, as complex compound feature Addition ofelements, can form Al in the melt ₁₄ba ₁₃, Al ₁₀ba ₁₂, Al ₇ba ₈, AlBa ₅etc. multiple alloy cpd, have High-Temperature Strengthening effect, can improve the high temperature creep property of aluminium alloy, above-mentioned alloy cpd can also form dispersion-strengthened phase, the physical strength of the alloy of raising.The content of described barium is 0.001 ~ 0.08wt%, is preferably 0.003 ~ 0.05wt%, is more preferably 0.005 ~ 0.03wt%, most preferably is 0.008 ~ 0.01wt%.

Hafnium (Hf) element is as complex compound feature Addition ofelements, tiny dispersion-strengthened phase can be formed in the alloy, reach a high temperature strengthening effect, improve the thermostability of alloy under hot operation, and Ha can form Various Complex alloy cpd with Fe, Cu, Al etc., the fatigue resistance and wear resisting property improving alloy is played a role.The content of described hafnium is 0.001 ~ 0.22wt%, is preferably 0.003 ~ 0.20wt%, is more preferably 0.005 ~ 0.18wt%, is more preferably 0.01 ~ 0.15wt%, most preferably be 0.05 ~ 0.10wt%.

Tantalum (Ta) element, as the feature Addition ofelements of complex compound, can form Al in the melt ₇ta ₉, Al ₇ta ₅, Al ₃ta ₄, Al ₂ta ₃, AlTa ₂etc. High-Temperature Strengthening metallic compound; Above-claimed cpd is that disperse phase is distributed in matrix crystal boundary, put forward heavy alloyed room temperature and hot strength, and the microlitic structure of above-claimed cpd can increase the plasticity-of alloy, put forward heavy alloyed workability.The content of described tantalum is 0.002 ~ 0.16wt%, is preferably 0.005 ~ 0.15wt%, is more preferably 0.008 ~ 0.12wt%, is more preferably 0.01 ~ 0.10wt%, most preferably be 0.03 ~ 0.08wt%.

Tungsten (W), as the feature Addition ofelements of complex alloys, forms Al in the alloy ₁₂w, Al ₆w, Al ₄the dispersivity High-Temperature Strengthening phases such as W, it is distributed in matrix crystal boundary, can put forward heavy alloyed hot strength.The content of described tungsten is 0.001 ~ 0.08wt%, is preferably 0.003 ~ 0.05wt%, is more preferably 0.005 ~ 0.01wt%.

The Re that rhenium (Re) and matrix effect obtain ₃al ₄with fine aluminium, there is identical current potential, effectively can improve erosion resistance and the weldability of alloy; Re is as High-Temperature Strengthening phase simultaneously, has raising recrystallization temperature, suppresses the effect of recrystallize alligatoring, can realize the solution strengthening of alloy, supplements strengthening and improve resistance toheat.The content of described rhenium is 0.002 ~ 0.18wt%, is preferably 0.005 ~ 0.15wt%, is more preferably 0.008 ~ 0.12wt%, is more preferably 0.01 ~ 0.10wt%, most preferably be 0.03 ~ 0.08wt%.

The present invention with the addition of rare earth element in aluminium alloy, described rare earth element can put forward heavy alloyed electroconductibility, due to rare earth element energy crystal grain thinning, and form stable compound with elements such as Fe, the Cu in alloy and separate out from crystal, reduce electrolytical liquidus temperature, ion is accelerated in the move under influence speed of electric field, reduces concentration overpotential, thus the resistivity of aluminium alloy is reduced.On the other hand, rare earth element is larger than aluminium with the avidity of the elements such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, form multiple compounds, thus rare earth be degasification in alloy, denitrogenation, slag making, neutralization trace low-melting impurities and change the clearing machine of impurity state, good refining effect can be played, make alloy become purer, thus resistivity is greatly improved, electric conductivity can reach 60%IACS.On the other hand, rare earth element can form dense oxide membrane structure, for putting forward heavy alloyed oxidisability and electrochemical corrosion resistant plays fabulous effect, improves the work-ing life of aluminium alloy.In addition, rare earth is surface active element, can integrated distribution on crystal boundary face, reduce pulling force between phase and phase, therefore make the merit of formation critical size nucleus reduce, the increase of nuclei of crystallization quantity, thus make grain refining.Secondly, after ageing treatment in melting, high temperature annealing and uniform electric field, Fe forms complicated ferro-aluminum rare earth metal in Al with RE, improve the antifatigue limit and the yield strength of alloy, increases alloy result of use in actual applications and work-ing life.

Described rare earth elements RE is one or more in lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd), promethium (Pm), samarium (Sm), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb), dysprosium (Dy), holmium (Ho), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm), ytterbium (Yb), lutetium (Lu), scandium (S c) and yttrium (Y), is preferably one or more in Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Tm and Lu.Wherein, rare earth Pm forms Al in the alloy ₁₁pm ₃~ AlPm ₂deng 6 kinds of active metallic compounds; Rare-earth Sm forms Al in the alloy ₁₁sm ₄, Al ₃sm, Al ₂sm, AlSm, AlSm ₃isoreactivity metallic compound; Rare earth Eu forms EuAl in the alloy ₄, EuAl ₂, EuAl isoreactivity metallic compound; Rare-earth Gd forms Al in the alloy ₄gd ~ Al ₁₇gd ₂deng 7 kinds of infusibility metallic compounds; Rare earth Tb forms Al in the alloy ₃tb, Al ₂tb, AlTb, AlTb ₂, AlTb ₃deng infusibility active metallic compound; Rare earth β-diketone complex forms Al in the alloy ₅dy ~ Al ₁₇dy ₂deng 8 kinds of infusibility active metallic compounds; Rare earth Ho forms Al in the alloy ₅ho ₃, Al ₃ho, AlHo ₂, AlHo ₃deng infusibility active metallic compound; Rare earth Tm forms Al in the alloy ₃tm ₂, Al ₃tm, AlTm, AlTm ₃deng infusibility active metallic compound; Rare earth Lu forms Al in the alloy ₇lu ₃, Al ₅lu ₃, Al ₂lu ₃, AlLu ₂, AlLu ₃deng infusibility active metallic compound.Above-mentioned dystectic active metallic compound Dispersed precipitate in the intergranular in netted or skeleton shape and interdendritic, and with matrix mortise, serve the effect of strengthening and stable crystal boundary.Meanwhile, also can in and molten metal in the element such as element of Fe, Cu, form dystectic compound or make them be uniformly distributed in the whole crystalline structure in interdendritic, eliminate dendritic structure, to improve the over-all properties of alloy material.The content of described rare earth element is 0.01 ~ 3.0wt%, is preferably 0.03 ~ 2.5wt%, is more preferably 0.05 ~ 1.5wt%, most preferably is 0.1 ~ 0.6wt%.

According to the present invention, for the base aluminum in aluminium alloy, can adopt the fine aluminium of industrial Al99.70, aluminium alloy prepared by the present invention has the advantages such as raw material supply abundance, cost is low, buying is convenient; Simultaneously aluminium base refined aluminium or the high-purity grade of aluminium of can also adopting is as matrix alloy, and this is aluminium base has higher quality than conventional aluminium sill, and the product be processed into has more advantage at electrical property and mechanical properties.

The invention provides a kind of Al-Fe-Re-RE aluminium alloy, described aluminium alloy is base with aluminium, and with the addition of the iron of trace, aluminium can form Al with iron ₃fe, the Al of precipitation ₃fe dispersed granules inhibits the creep strain of alloy, and part Fe also forms AlFeRE compound with RE and separates out, and precipitated phase AlFeRE can strengthen the anti-fatigue performance of alloy and the resistance toheat of hot operation, and rare earth compound precipitated phase can also improve yield strength intensity; Copper forms θ phase with aluminium, serves good effect for the tensile strength and yield strength improving aluminium alloy; Vanadium formed with the element such as Fe, Cu, RE in alloy melt al-based compound be distributed in aluminium base in, there is High-Temperature Strengthening effect, improve the thermotolerance of aluminium alloy; Barium can form Al in the melt ₁₄ba ₁₃, Al ₁₀ba ₁₂, Al ₇ba ₈, AlBa ₅etc. multiple alloy cpd, there is High-Temperature Strengthening effect, improve the high temperature creep property of aluminium alloy; The Re that Re element and matrix effect obtain ₃al ₄with fine aluminium, there is identical current potential, effectively can improve erosion resistance and the weldability of alloy; Re is as High-Temperature Strengthening phase simultaneously, has raising recrystallization temperature, suppresses the effect of recrystallize alligatoring, can realize the solution strengthening of alloy, supplements strengthening and improve resistance toheat; Rare earth element is surface active element, can integrated distribution on crystal boundary face, reduce pulling force between phase and phase, thus make grain refining.The present invention, by adding Determination of multiple metal elements and the control to constituent content, is conducive to the raising of aluminium alloy over-all properties.

Present invention also offers a kind of preparation method of Al-Fe-Re-RE aluminium alloy, comprise the following steps:

A) raw material of following composition is cast, obtain aluminium alloy cast ingot: the Fe of 0.01 ~ 1.6wt%, the Cu of 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%, the Mg of 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%, the Co of 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%, the Be of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%, the Ca of 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%, the Zn of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%, the Sr of 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%, the Zr of 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%, the Li of 0.002 ~ 0.25wt%, the Na of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%, the K of 0.002 ~ 0.25wt%, the Ti of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%, the V of 0.001 ~ 0.15wt%, the Cr of 0.001 ~ 0.12wt%, the Mn of 0.001 ~ 0.12wt%, the Ni of 0.001 ~ 0.15wt%, the Ga of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%, the Ge of 0.003 ~ 0.2wt%, the Rb of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%, the Nb of 0.001 ~ 0.15wt%, the Mo of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%, the Tc of 0.001 ~ 0.25wt%, the Ru of 0.001 ~ 0.15wt%, the Rh of 0.002 ~ 0.1wt%, the Pd of 0.001 ~ 0.12wt%, the Ag of 0.001 ~ 0.1wt%, the Cd of 0.002 ~ 0.13wt%, the In of 0.003 ~ 0.18wt%, the Sn of 0.001 ~ 0.08wt%, the Sb of 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%, the Cs of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%, the Ba of 0.001 ~ 0.08wt%, the Hf of 0.001 ~ 0.22wt%, the Ta of 0.002 ~ 0.16wt%, the W of 0.001 ~ 0.08wt%, the Re of 0.002 ~ 0.18wt%, the RE of 0.01 ~ 3.0wt%, be greater than zero and be less than or equal to the Si of 0.2wt%, be greater than zero and be less than or equal to the B of 0.8wt% and the aluminium of surplus,

According to the present invention, step a) is casting process, obtain aluminium alloy cast ingot, fully melt to make various element, be uniformly distributed, preferably, above-mentioned casting technique specifically comprises: dropped into by aluminium ingot in smelting furnace, in closed environment, be heated to 720 ~ 800 DEG C and be incubated, after aluminium ingot fusing, adding Fe again, Cu, Mg, Co, Be, Ca, Zn, Sr, Zr, Si, B, Li, Na, K, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Ga, Ge, Rb, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Cs, Ba, Hf, Ta, W and Re or Al-Fe, Al-Cu, Al-Mg, Al-Co, Al-Be, Al-Ca, Al-Zn, Al-Sr, Al-Zr, Al-Si, Al-B, Al-Li, Al-Na, Al-K, Al-Ti, Al-V, Al-Cr, Al-Mn, Al-Ni, Al-Ga, Al-Ge, Al-Rb, Al-Nb, Al-Mo, Al-Tc, Al-Ru, Al-Rh, Al-Pd, Al-Ag, Al-Cd, Al-In, Al-Sn, Al-Sb, Al-Cs, Al-Ba, Al-Hf, Al-Ta, Al-W and Al-Re master alloy, after stirring, adds rare earth elements RE, obtains alloy melt, described alloy melt is added refining agent, carries out furnace refining, insulation 20 ~ 40min, obtains aluminium alloy, by described aluminium alloy through degasification, slagging-off, enter casting machine and cast, obtain aluminium alloy cast ingot.Due to aluminium not easily scaling loss, and add-on is more, therefore first aluminium is added smelting furnace, then adds other metallic element.Alloying element of the present invention preferably adopts said sequence to add, and loss does not occur after making various element melting, and various element can fully melt simultaneously, is uniformly distributed.

Step b) is the Homogenization Treatments stage, and the temperature of described Homogenization Treatments is preferably 450 ~ 550 DEG C, and be more preferably 480 DEG C ~ 520 DEG C, the time of described Homogenization Treatments is preferably 2 ~ 8h, is more preferably 3 ~ 6h.Aluminium alloy cast ingot is carried out Homogenization Treatments, and can ensure that ingot casting is in the process of rolling pole stock, its intensity and ductility have good coupling, thus avoid adopting traditional way cause the destruction of material microstructure and affect processing characteristics further.In order to ensure that ingot casting is heated evenly, the weave construction of optimized alloy, avoid alloy in the course of processing owing to heating up or the too fast generation causing internal structural defects of lowering the temperature, the heat-up rate of described Homogenization Treatments is preferably 3 ~ 8 DEG C/min, is more preferably 5 DEG C/min.After aluminium alloy cast ingot is carried out Homogenization Treatments, then by aluminium alloy cast ingot rolling, obtain Aluminum alloy pole material.

Subsequently Aluminum alloy pole material is heat-treated, first Aluminum alloy pole material is carried out batch anneal process in the lehr.Described batch anneal process is specially: described Aluminum alloy pole material is heated to 280 ~ 350 DEG C, and lower the temperature after insulation 2 ~ 8h, temperature is down to 150 ~ 200 DEG C, cools after insulation 2 ~ 4h.In order to avoid aluminum alloy materials, oxidation at high temperature occur and cause material to weaken in electrical property and surface corrosion resistance energy, described anneal is preferably carried out under an inert atmosphere.The present invention adopts intermittent type substep anneal, and progressively cooling down, the internal stress that this kind of processing mode can be eliminated to produce in mechanical processing process and the damage to microtexture, optimize crystalline structure, recover the electrical property of wire rod, optimize mechanical property, make the tensile property of material, flexility and anti-fatigue performance aspect keep coupling preferably.

After Aluminum alloy pole material is carried out anneal, then the Aluminum alloy pole material after anneal is carried out ageing treatment.Described ageing treatment is preferably carry out in 5 ~ 15KV/cm uniform electric field in strength of electric field.The temperature of described ageing treatment is preferably 250 ~ 320 DEG C, is more preferably 280 ~ 300 DEG C, and the time of described ageing treatment is preferably 4 ~ 20h, is more preferably 8 ~ 15h, most preferably is 10 ~ 13h.Ageing treatment is carried out on the basis of anneal technology, heat conduction in annealing process can be made up further uneven, cause the feature of performance profile inequality or local defect inside and outside material.The performance of whole material can be made to reach by ageing treatment to be uniformly distributed, properties overall target reaches all good coupling.Therefore anneal and ageing treatment, both effectively combine, and the optimization for material monolithic performance serves vital effect, and Neither of the two can be dispensed.The present invention preferably carries out ageing treatment in the uniform electric field of high strength, and first aspect changes the arrangement of atom, coupling and migration, and second aspect, improves the solid solution degree of alloying element, induce the homogeneous nucleation of T1 phase, improve the yield strength of alloy; After making the sample of Homogenization Treatments carry out ageing treatment, precipitated phase even dispersion distributes, and the mechanical property of alloy improves greatly; The third aspect, changes precipitation form and the quantity of fine crystals tissue, makes that the orientations such as form, size, distribution occur in material solid state phase transformation and is controlled, thus controls materials microstructure, the excellent mechanical property of final acquisition and electric property.

Present invention also offers a kind of preparation method of aluminium alloy, first Homogenization Treatments is carried out by ingot casting, then the aluminium alloy cast ingot of Homogenization Treatments is rolled into pole stock and puts into annealing furnace again, carry out anneal, ageing treatment is carried out again in uniform electric field, make the tensile property of material, flexility, electrical property, corrosion resistance nature and anti-fatigue performance aspect keep preferably coupling, and the performance of whole material is reached be uniformly distributed, thus obtain the good aluminium alloy of over-all properties.Aluminum alloy materials of the present invention is by adding multiple alloying element and adopting heat treatment technics, greatly improve the resistance toheat of fine aluminium, make this aluminum alloy materials long-time running temperature at 238 DEG C, creep is less, tensile strength keeps the survival rate of 92%, ensure that mechanical property changes less under hot operation, anti-fatigue performance also obtain good raising simultaneously, the number of times of bending repeatedly of aluminium alloy reaches 38 times, can avoid the loss in various degree occurred in installation process as conductor thread core like this; And make the snappiness of alloy fairly good by heat treatment technics, cable installs bending radius more than 4.5 times of outside diameters of cable, substantially increase the ductility of aluminium alloy, unit elongation is more than 35%, damage phenomenon can not be easily there is due to pulling force effect, and processing characteristics is very good, be applicable to be drawn into the monofilament that filament diameter differs in size at more than 0.1mm.

Present invention also offers a kind of power cable, described power cable comprises core, insulation layer, screen layer and protective layer, described core is aluminium alloy, described aluminium alloy contains the Fe of 0.01 ~ 1.6wt%, the Cu of 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%, the Mg of 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%, the Co of 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%, the Be of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%, the Ca of 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%, the Zn of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%, the Sr of 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%, the Zr of 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%, the Li of 0.002 ~ 0.25wt%, the Na of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%, the K of 0.002 ~ 0.25wt%, the Ti of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%, the V of 0.001 ~ 0.15wt%, the Cr of 0.001 ~ 0.12wt%, the Mn of 0.001 ~ 0.12wt%, the Ni of 0.001 ~ 0.15wt%, the Ga of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%, the Ge of 0.003 ~ 0.2wt%, the Rb of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%, the Nb of 0.001 ~ 0.15wt%, the Mo of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%, the Tc of 0.001 ~ 0.25wt%, the Ru of 0.001 ~ 0.15wt%, the Rh of 0.002 ~ 0.2wt%, the Pd of 0.001 ~ 0.12wt%, the Ag of 0.001 ~ 0.1wt%, the Cd of 0.002 ~ 0.13wt%, the In of 0.003 ~ 0.18wt%, the Sn of 0.001 ~ 0.08wt%, the Sb of 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%, the Cs of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%, the Ba of 0.001 ~ 0.08wt%, the Hf of 0.001 ~ 0.22wt%, the Ta of 0.002 ~ 0.16wt%, the W of 0.001 ~ 0.08wt%, the Re of 0.002 ~ 0.18wt%, the RE of 0.01 ~ 3.0wt%, be greater than the Si that zero is less than or equal to 0.2wt%, be greater than zero and be less than or equal to the B of 0.8wt% and the aluminium of surplus, the preparation method of described aluminium alloy is prepared by the method according to such scheme.Preparation method the present invention of described power cable does not have special restriction, is mode well known to those skilled in the art.

Using the core of the aluminium alloy in such scheme of the present invention as power cable, power cable can be made to have good over-all properties, experimental result shows: aluminium alloy electric conductivity prepared by the present invention is greater than 60%, tensile strength is greater than 137MPa, elongation at break is greater than 35%, and long-time running heat resisting temperature can reach 238 DEG C, and after heat-resisting test run(s), intensity survival rate can reach 92%, 90 degree repeatedly bend number of times and reach 38 times, and the mass loss of 400h corrosion resistance nature is less than 0.8g/m ²hr, minimum bending radius is greater than 4.5 times of outside diameters of cable, and monofilament minimum diameter is greater than 0.1m.

In order to understand the present invention further, be described in detail to aluminium alloy provided by the invention and preparation method thereof below in conjunction with embodiment, protection scope of the present invention is not limited by the following examples.

Embodiment 1

(1) drop in smelting furnace by aluminium ingot, heating makes it fusing and is incubated at 720 DEG C, and melting process completes in sealed environment; First add Fe, Cu, Mg, Co, Be, Ca, Zn, Sr, Zr, Si, B, Li, Na, K, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Ga, Ge, Rb, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Cs, Ba, Hf, Ta, W and Re, add rare earth RE after stirring again and stir 20min until stir, leave standstill insulation 30min; Then furnace refining is carried out to above-mentioned alloy melt; In alloy melt, add refining agent, and stir, then leave standstill insulation 30min, melt refining operates in sealed environment; Slag hitting after refining, leave standstill, temperature adjustment to 650 DEG C, aluminium alloy is toppled over and is come out of the stove, then through degasification, except after Slag treatment, enters casting machine and cast, obtain aluminium alloy cast ingot, and ingot casting becomes to be respectively in table 1;

(2) speed of the aluminium alloy cast ingot that step (1) obtains being carried out 5 DEG C/min heats up, temperature to 450 DEG C, is rolled into pole stock after insulation 6h;

(3) pole stock that step (2) obtains is carried out anneal under an inert atmosphere, be heated to 280 DEG C of insulation 2h, then annealing temperature is down to 150 DEG C of insulation 3h, be cooled to room temperature;

(4) pole stock step (3) obtained is carry out ageing treatment in the uniform electric field of 5kV/cm in strength of electric field, and aging temp is 250 DEG C, and aging time is 4h, obtains aluminium alloy.

The aluminium alloy prepared according to the method described above is carried out performance test, and result is see table 2.

Embodiment 2

(1) drop in smelting furnace by aluminium ingot, heating makes it fusing and is incubated at 740 DEG C, and melting process completes in sealed environment; First add Al-Fe, Al-Cu, Al-Mg, Al-Co, Al-Be, Al-Ca, Al-Zn, Zn-Sr, Al-Zr, Al-Si, Al-B, Al-Li, Al-Na, Al-K, Al-Ti, Al-V, Al-Cr, Al-Mn, Al-Ni, Al-Ga, Al-Ge, Al-Rb, Al-Nb, Al-Mo, Al-Tc, Al-Ru, Al-Rh, Al-Pd, Al-Ag, Al-Cd, Al-In, Al-Sn, Al-Sb, Al-Cs, Al-Ba, Al-Hf, Al-Ta, Al-W and Al-Re master alloy, add rare earth RE after stirring again and stir 20min until stir, leave standstill insulation 30min; Then furnace refining is carried out to above-mentioned alloy melt; In alloy melt, add refining agent, and stir, then leave standstill insulation 30min, melt refining operates in sealed environment; Slag hitting after refining, leave standstill, temperature adjustment to 720 DEG C, aluminium alloy is toppled over and is come out of the stove, then through degasification, except after Slag treatment, enters casting machine and cast, obtain aluminium alloy cast ingot, and ingot casting becomes to be respectively in table 1;

(2) speed of the aluminium alloy cast ingot that step (1) obtains being carried out 3 DEG C/min heats up, temperature to 550 DEG C, is rolled into pole stock after insulation 16h;

(3) pole stock that step (2) obtains is carried out anneal under an inert atmosphere, be heated to 360 DEG C of insulation 8h, then annealing temperature is down to 200 DEG C of insulation 2h, be cooled to room temperature;

(4) pole stock step (3) obtained is carry out ageing treatment in the uniform electric field of 15kV/cm in strength of electric field, and aging temp is 320 DEG C, and aging time is 20h, obtains aluminium alloy.

Embodiment 3

(1) drop in smelting furnace by aluminium ingot, heating makes it fusing and is incubated at 760 DEG C, and melting process completes in sealed environment; First add Al-Fe, Al-Cu, Al-Mg, Al-Co, Al-Be, Al-Ca, Al-Zn, Zn-Sr, Al-Zr, Al-Si, Al-B, Al-Li, Al-Na, Al-K, Al-Ti, Al-V, Al-Cr, Al-Mn, Al-Ni, Al-Ga, Al-Ge, Al-Rb, Al-Nb, Al-Mo, Al-Tc, Al-Ru, Al-Rh, Al-Pd, Al-Ag, Al-Cd, Al-In, Al-Sn, Al-Sb, Al-Cs, Al-Ba, Al-Hf, Al-Ta, Al-W and Al-Re master alloy, add rare earth RE after stirring again and stir 20min until stir, leave standstill insulation 30min; Then furnace refining is carried out to above-mentioned alloy melt; In alloy melt, add refining agent, and stir, then leave standstill insulation 30min, melt refining operates in sealed environment; Slag hitting after refining, leave standstill, temperatu