CN103103390A - Al-Fe aluminium alloy, preparation method thereof and power cable - Google Patents
Al-Fe aluminium alloy, preparation method thereof and power cable Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an Al-Fe aluminium alloy. The aluminium alloy comprises 0.01-1.6wt% of Fe and the balance of aluminium. The invention also provides a preparation method of the Al-Fe aluminium alloy. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: a) casting an aluminium alloy cast ingot comprising 0.01-1.6wt% of Fe and the balance of aluminium; b) homogenizing the aluminium alloy cast ingot and rolling the homogenized aluminium alloy cast ingot to obtain an aluminium alloy rod material; c) intermittently annealing the aluminium alloy rod material obtained in the step b); and d) aging the aluminium alloy rod material obtained in the step c), thus obtaining the aluminium alloy. The invention also provides a power cable. The aluminium alloy has better overall performances by selecting and controlling the added elements and adopting a reasonable preparation process.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the alloy technology field, relate in particular to Al-Fe aluminium alloy and preparation method thereof and power cable.
Background technology
Aluminium alloy is a most widely used class non-ferrous metal structured material in industry, is used widely in Aeronautics and Astronautics, automobile, machinofacture, boats and ships and chemical industry.Along with the develop rapidly of science and technology and industrial economy, the demand of aluminium alloy is increasing, and the research of aluminium alloy also thereupon deeply.The widespread use of aluminium alloy has promoted the development of aluminium alloy in power industry, and the Application Areas of aluminium alloy has been expanded again in the development of power industry simultaneously.
Power cable is the resource of carrying and distributing electric energy, and its basic structure is comprised of core, insulation layer, screen layer and protective layer four parts.Wherein, core is the current-carrying part of power cable, is used for transmission of electric energy, and it is the major portion of power cable; Insulation layer will be isolated from each other at electric equipment compartment between core and the earth and out of phase core, guarantees power delivery, and it is indispensable integral part in power cable structure; Protective layer is that the protection power cable is avoided the intrusion of introduced contaminants and moisture, and prevents that external force from directly damaging power cable.Because copper has good electroconductibility, copper is widely used in the core of power cable.But along with the scarcity day by day of copper resource, and the content of aluminium is very abundant, has received investigator's concern with aluminium substitution copper, so aluminium alloy becomes the focus of research as cable conductor.
Aluminium alloy power cable substitutes copper cable becomes a kind of trend gradually, and is widely applied.Aluminum-alloy conductor material of the prior art, comparatively excellent at aspects such as electrical property, corrosion resistance nature and mechanical propertys, but aspect anti-fatigue performance or poor, thereby quality problems easily appear, affect the work-ing life of aluminum alloy materials or bring potential safety hazard, therefore, the aluminium alloy power cable over-all properties is still relatively poor.
Summary of the invention
Aluminium alloy that provides a kind of over-all properties to be used for preferably power cable and preparation method thereof is provided the technical problem that the present invention solves.
In view of this, the invention provides a kind of Al-Fe aluminium alloy, comprising:
0.01 the Fe of ~ 1.6wt%;
The aluminium of surplus.
Preferably, the Fe that comprises 0.2 ~ 1.0wt%.
Preferably, the Fe that comprises 0.25 ~ 0.6wt%.
Preferably, the Fe that comprises 0.3 ~ 0.45wt%.
The invention provides a kind of preparation method of Al-Fe aluminium alloy, comprise the following steps:
A) aluminium alloy cast ingot of the following composition of casting: the Fe of 0.01 ~ 1.6wt% and the aluminium of surplus;
B) described aluminium alloy cast ingot is carried out homogenizing and process, the aluminium alloy cast ingot after homogenizing is processed is rolled, and obtains the aluminium alloy pole stock;
C) the aluminium alloy pole stock that step b) is obtained carries out the intermittent type anneal;
D) the aluminium alloy pole stock that step c) is obtained carries out ageing treatment, obtains aluminium alloy.
Preferably, the temperature that described homogenizing is processed is 450 ~ 550 ℃, and the time that described homogenizing is processed is 6 ~ 16h, and the heat-up rate that described homogenizing is processed is 3 ~ 8 ℃/min.
Preferably, described step c) is specially:
The aluminium alloy pole stock that step b) is obtained is heated to 280 ~ 350 ℃, lowers the temperature after insulation 2 ~ 8h, and temperature is down to 150 ~ 200 ℃, and is cooling after insulation 2 ~ 4h.
Preferably, described ageing treatment is to carry out in 5 ~ 15KV/cm uniform electric field in strength of electric field.
Preferably, the temperature of described ageing treatment is 250 ~ 320 ℃, and the time of described ageing treatment is 4 ~ 20h.
The present invention also provides a kind of power cable, comprises core, insulation layer, screen layer and protective layer, and described core is the described aluminium alloy of such scheme or the prepared aluminium alloy of such scheme.
The invention provides a kind of Al-Fe aluminium alloy, comprising: the Fe of 0.01 ~ 1.6wt% and the aluminium of surplus.The present invention has added micro-iron take aluminium as base, and aluminium and iron form Al
3Fe, the Al that separates out
3The Fe dispersed granules has suppressed the creep strain of alloy, and part Fe also forms Al with Al
2Fe
3, Al
4Fe
5Compound is separated out, precipitated phase Al
2Fe
3, Al
4Fe
5Can strengthen the anti-fatigue performance of alloy and the thermotolerance of hot operation, by the selection of alloy element and the control of content, be conducive to the raising of aluminium alloy over-all properties.
The present invention also provides a kind of preparation method of Al-Fe aluminium alloy, at first carries out homogenizing by ingot casting and processes, and homogenizing is processed ingot casting is heated evenly, and the weave construction of optimized alloy; Then the aluminium alloy cast ingot of homogenizing being processed is rolled into pole stock and carries out the intermittent type anneal, eliminate the internal stress that produces in mechanical processing process and to the damage of microtexture, optimize crystalline structure, recover the electrical property of wire rod, optimize mechanical property, tensile property, flexility and the anti-fatigue performance aspect maintenance of material are mated preferably; Again the aluminium alloy pole stock after anneal is carried out ageing treatment in uniform electric field, can make the performance of whole material reach even distribution by ageing treatment, the properties overall target reaches all good couplings.The present invention is by the optimization to the aluminium alloy preparation method, tensile property, flexility, electrical property, corrosion resistance nature and the anti-fatigue performance aspect maintenance of material are mated preferably, and the performance that makes whole material reaches even distribution, thereby obtains over-all properties aluminium alloy preferably.
Embodiment
In order further to understand the present invention, below in conjunction with embodiment, the preferred embodiment of the invention is described, but should be appreciated that these describe just as further illustrating the features and advantages of the present invention, rather than limiting to the claimed invention.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a kind of Al-Fe aluminium alloy, comprising:
0.01 the Fe of ~ 1.6wt%;
The aluminium of surplus.
According to the present invention, iron is as the feature microalloy element, because aluminium can form Al with iron
3Fe, the Al that separates out
3The Fe dispersed granules has suppressed the creep strain of alloy, and improves the stability that connects.Fe can improve aluminium base tensile strength, yield strength and resistance toheat, can also put forward heavy alloyed raising plasticity simultaneously.In the preparation process of aluminium alloy, in alloy, part Fe is with Al
3The form of Fe is separated out, and part Fe also forms Al with Al
2Fe
3, Al
4Fe
5Compound is separated out, and after the high temperature anneal, the solid solution of Fe in aluminium base is less, and the electrical property impact of Fe alloy is very little; The anti-fatigue performance of enhancing alloy and the resistance toheat of hot operation but these disperse educts are on good terms, in alloy, the content of Fe is below 0.01wt%, very little to aluminium base performance change, do not have effect, therefore the content of Fe can not be lower than 0.01wt%, but the content of Fe can not be too high, if surpass 1.6wt%, the weakening of aluminium base electrical property is comparatively obvious, influential for the use meeting that is used for electric wire and cable conductor, cable accessory and appliance field aspect, therefore total body burden is controlled below 1.6wt%, and effect is better.The content of described Fe is 0.01 ~ 1.6wt%, is preferably 0.20 ~ 1.0wt%, and more preferably 0.25 ~ 0.6wt%, most preferably be 0.3 ~ 0.45wt%.
For the base aluminum in aluminium alloy, can adopt the fine aluminium of industrial Al99.70, make the aluminium alloy that the present invention prepares have the advantages such as raw material supply abundance, cost is low, buying is convenient; Simultaneously aluminium base refined aluminium or high-purity grade of aluminium of can also adopting is as matrix alloy, and this is aluminium base has higher quality than conventional aluminium sill, and the product that is processed into has more advantage at electrical property and mechanical properties.
The present invention also provides a kind of preparation method of Al-Fe aluminium alloy, comprises the following steps:
A) aluminium alloy cast ingot of the following composition of casting: the aluminium of the Fe surplus of 0.01 ~ 1.6wt%;
B) described aluminium alloy cast ingot is carried out homogenizing and process, the aluminium alloy cast ingot after homogenizing is processed is rolled, and obtains the aluminium alloy pole stock;
C) the aluminium alloy pole stock that step b) is obtained carries out the intermittent type anneal;
D) the aluminium alloy pole stock that step c) is obtained carries out ageing treatment, obtains aluminium alloy.
According to the present invention, step a) is casting process, obtain aluminium alloy cast ingot, for various elements are fully melted, evenly distribute, as preferred version, above-mentioned casting technique specifically comprises: aluminium ingot is dropped in smelting furnace, be heated to 720 ~ 800 ℃ and insulation in closed environment, add again Fe or Al-Fe master alloy after the aluminium ingot fusing, stir; Described alloy melt is added refining agent, carry out furnace refining, insulation 20 ~ 40min obtains aluminium alloy; Described aluminium alloy through degasification, slagging-off, is entered casting machine and casts, obtain aluminium alloy cast ingot.Because aluminium is difficult for scaling loss, and add-on is more, therefore first aluminium is added smelting furnace, then adds iron.Alloying element of the present invention preferably adopts said sequence to add, and loss does not occur after making various element meltings, and various elements can fully melt simultaneously, evenly distributes.
The treatment stage that step b) being homogenizing, the temperature that described homogenizing is processed is preferably 450 ~ 550 ℃, and more preferably 480 ℃ ~ 520 ℃, the time that described homogenizing is processed is preferably 2 ~ 8h, more preferably 3 ~ 6h.Aluminium alloy cast ingot is carried out homogenizing process, can guarantee ingot casting in the process of rolling pole stock, its intensity and ductility have coupling preferably, thereby avoid adopting traditional way to cause the destruction of material microstructure and further affect processing characteristics.In order to guarantee that ingot casting is heated evenly, the weave construction of optimized alloy, avoid alloy in the course of processing owing to heating up or the too fast generation that causes the internal structure defective of lowering the temperature, the heat-up rate that described homogenizing is processed is preferably 3 ~ 8 ℃/min, more preferably 5 ℃/min.After aluminium alloy cast ingot is carried out the homogenizing processing, that aluminium alloy cast ingot is rolling, obtain the aluminium alloy pole stock.
Subsequently the aluminium alloy pole stock is heat-treated, at first the aluminium alloy pole stock is carried out the anneal at intermittence in annealing furnace.Described intermittence, anneal was specially: described aluminium alloy pole stock is heated to 280 ~ 350 ℃, lowers the temperature after insulation 2 ~ 8h, temperature is down to 150 ~ 200 ℃, and is cooling after insulation 2 ~ 4h.At high temperature oxidation occurs and cause material to weaken at electrical property and surface corrosion-resistant erosion aspect of performance for fear of aluminum alloy materials, described anneal is preferably carried out under inert atmosphere.The present invention adopts intermittent type substep anneal, and in heat-retaining condition cooling down progressively, this kind processing mode can be eliminated the internal stress that produces in mechanical processing process and to the damage of microtexture, optimize crystalline structure, recover the electrical property of wire rod, optimize mechanical property, tensile property, flexility and the anti-fatigue performance aspect maintenance of material are mated preferably.
After the aluminium alloy pole stock is carried out anneal, the aluminium alloy pole stock after anneal is carried out ageing treatment.Described ageing treatment is preferably to carry out in 5 ~ 15KV/cm uniform electric field in strength of electric field.The temperature of described ageing treatment is preferably 250 ~ 320 ℃, and more preferably 280 ~ 300 ℃, the time of described ageing treatment is preferably 4 ~ 20h, most preferably is 8 ~ 15h, 10 ~ 13h more preferably, and described strength of electric field is 8 ~ 12KV/cm more preferably.Carry out ageing treatment on the basis of anneal technology, can further make up heat conduction inequality in the anneal process, the characteristics that cause the inside and outside performance profile inequality of material or local defect, can make the performance of whole material reach even distribution by ageing treatment, the properties overall target reaches all good couplings.So anneal and ageing treatment, both effective combinations have been played vital effect for the optimization of material monolithic performance, and Neither of the two can be dispensed.The present invention preferably carries out ageing treatment in high-intensity uniform electric field, first aspect has changed arrangement, coupling and the migration of atom, and second aspect has improved the solid solution degree of alloying element, has brought out the homogeneous nucleation of T1 phase, has improved the yield strength of alloy; After the sample that homogenizing is processed carried out ageing treatment, the precipitated phase even dispersion distributed, and the mechanical property of alloy improves greatly; The third aspect, what changed the fine crystals tissue separates out form and quantity, makes the orientations such as form, size, distribution occur in the material solid-state phase changes to be controlled, thereby controls the tissue of material, finally obtains good mechanical property and electric property.
The invention provides a kind of Al-Fe aluminium alloy, comprising: the Fe of 0.01 ~ 1.6wt% and the aluminium of surplus.The present invention has added micro-iron take aluminium as base, and aluminium can form Al with iron
3Fe, the Al that separates out
3The Fe dispersed granules has suppressed the creep strain of alloy, and part Fe also forms Al with Al
2Fe
3, Al
4Fe
5Compound is separated out, precipitated phase Al
2Fe
3, Al
4Fe
5Can strengthen the anti-fatigue performance of alloy and the resistance toheat of hot operation.The present invention also provides a kind of preparation method of aluminium alloy, at first carrying out homogenizing by ingot casting processes, then the aluminium alloy cast ingot of homogenizing being processed is rolled into pole stock and puts into annealing furnace again, carry out anneal, carry out again ageing treatment in uniform electric field, tensile property, flexility, electrical property, corrosion resistance nature and the anti-fatigue performance aspect maintenance of material are mated preferably, and make the performance of whole material reach even distribution, thereby obtain over-all properties aluminium alloy preferably.
Aluminum alloy materials of the present invention is by adding alloying element and adopting heat treatment technics, improved greatly the resistance toheat of fine aluminium, make this aluminum alloy materials long-time running temperature at 180 ℃, creep is less, tensile strength keeps 85% survival rate, ensured that mechanical property changes less under hot operation, anti-fatigue performance has also obtained good raising simultaneously, the number of times of bending repeatedly of aluminium alloy reaches 30, can avoid like this loss in various degree that occurs in installation process as conductor thread core; And make the snappiness of alloy fairly good by heat treatment technics, cable is installed bending radius at 4 times more than the outside diameter of cable, greatly improved the ductility of aluminium alloy, unit elongation surpasses 30%, the damage phenomenon can easily not appear due to the pulling force effect, and processing characteristics is very good, is applicable to be drawn into the monofilament that filament diameter differs in size more than 0.1mm.
The present invention also provides a kind of power cable, and described power cable comprises core, insulation layer, screen layer and protective layer, and described core is aluminium alloy, and described aluminium alloy contains the Fe of 0.01 ~ 1.6wt%; The aluminium of surplus; The preparation method of described aluminium alloy is by the method preparation according to such scheme.Preparation method the present invention of described power cable does not have special restriction, for mode well known to those skilled in the art gets final product.
With the core of the aluminium alloy in such scheme of the present invention as power cable, can make power cable have over-all properties preferably, experimental result shows: the aluminium alloy electric conductance of the present invention's preparation is greater than 59%IACS, tensile strength is greater than 80MPa, elongation at break is greater than 30%, the long-time running heat resisting temperature can reach 180 ℃, and after heat-resisting test run(s), the intensity survival rate can reach 85%, 90 degree and repeatedly bends number of times and reach 30 times.
In order further to understand the present invention, below in conjunction with embodiment, aluminium alloy provided by the invention and preparation method thereof is elaborated, protection scope of the present invention is not limited by the following examples.
Embodiment 1
(1) aluminium ingot is dropped in smelting furnace, heating makes it fusing and insulation under 720 ℃, and melting process is completed in sealed environment; First add Fe pure metal or Al-Fe master alloy, stir 20min until stir standing insulation 30min; Then above-mentioned alloy melt is carried out furnace refining; Add refining agent in alloy melt, and stir, more standing insulation 30min, the melt refining operates in sealed environment; Slag hitting after refining, standing, temperature adjustment to 650 ℃, aluminium alloy are toppled over and are come out of the stove, then after warp degasification, slagging-off process, enter casting machine and cast, and obtain aluminium alloy cast ingot, and ingot casting becomes to be respectively in table 1;
(2) speed that the aluminium alloy cast ingot that step (1) is obtained carries out 5 ℃/min heats up, and temperature to 450 ℃ is rolled into pole stock after insulation 6h;
(3) pole stock that step (2) is obtained carries out anneal under inert atmosphere, be heated to 280 ℃ of insulation 2h, then annealing temperature is down to 150 ℃ of insulation 3h, is cooled to room temperature;
(4) pole stock that step (3) is obtained carries out ageing treatment in strength of electric field is the uniform electric field of 5kV/cm, aging temp is 250 ℃, and aging time is 4h, obtains aluminium alloy.
The aluminium alloy of preparation is according to the method described above carried out performance test, and result is referring to table 2.
Embodiment 2
(1) aluminium ingot is dropped in smelting furnace, heating makes it fusing and insulation under 740 ℃, and melting process is completed in sealed environment; First add Fe pure metal or Al-Fe master alloy, stir 20min until stir standing insulation 30min; Then above-mentioned alloy melt is carried out furnace refining; Add refining agent in alloy melt, and stir, more standing insulation 30min, the melt refining operates in sealed environment; Slag hitting after refining, standing, temperature adjustment to 720 ℃, aluminium alloy are toppled over and are come out of the stove, then after warp degasification, slagging-off process, enter casting machine and cast, and obtain aluminium alloy cast ingot, and ingot casting becomes to be respectively in table 1;
(2) speed that the aluminium alloy cast ingot that step (1) is obtained carries out 3 ℃/min heats up, and temperature to 550 ℃ is rolled into pole stock after insulation 16h;
(3) pole stock that step (2) is obtained carries out anneal under inert atmosphere, be heated to 360 ℃ of insulation 8h, then annealing temperature is down to 200 ℃ of insulation 2h, is cooled to room temperature;
(4) pole stock that step (3) is obtained carries out ageing treatment in strength of electric field is the uniform electric field of 15kV/cm, aging temp is 320 ℃, and aging time is 20h, obtains aluminium alloy.
The aluminium alloy of preparation is according to the method described above carried out performance test, and result is referring to table 2.
Embodiment 3
(1) aluminium ingot is dropped in smelting furnace, heating makes it fusing and insulation under 760 ℃, and melting process is completed in sealed environment; First add Fe pure metal or Al-Fe master alloy, stir 20min until stir standing insulation 30min; Then above-mentioned alloy melt is carried out furnace refining; Add refining agent in alloy melt, and stir, more standing insulation 30min, the melt refining operates in sealed environment; Slag hitting after refining, standing, temperature adjustment to 680 ℃, aluminium alloy are toppled over and are come out of the stove, then after warp degasification, slagging-off process, enter casting machine and cast, and obtain aluminium alloy cast ingot, and ingot casting becomes to be respectively in table 1;
(2) speed that the aluminium alloy cast ingot that step (1) is obtained carries out 8 ℃/min heats up, and temperature to 500 ℃ is rolled into pole stock after insulation 10h;
(3) pole stock that step (2) is obtained carries out anneal under inert atmosphere, be heated to 300 ℃ of insulation 4h, then annealing temperature is down to 160 ℃ of insulation 5h, is cooled to room temperature;
(4) pole stock that step (3) is obtained carries out ageing treatment in strength of electric field is the uniform electric field of 10kV/cm, aging temp is 260 ℃, and aging time is 10h, obtains aluminium alloy.
The aluminium alloy of preparation is according to the method described above carried out performance test, and result is referring to table 2.
Embodiment 4
(1) aluminium ingot is dropped in smelting furnace, heating makes it fusing and insulation under 780 ℃, and melting process is completed in sealed environment; First add Fe pure metal or Al-Fe master alloy, stir 20min until stir standing insulation 30min; Then above-mentioned alloy melt is carried out furnace refining; Add refining agent in alloy melt, and stir, more standing insulation 30min, the melt refining operates in sealed environment; Slag hitting after refining, standing, temperature adjustment to 750 ℃, aluminium alloy are toppled over and are come out of the stove, then after warp degasification, slagging-off process, enter casting machine and cast, and obtain aluminium alloy cast ingot, and ingot casting becomes to be respectively in table 1;
(2) speed that the aluminium alloy cast ingot that step (1) is obtained carries out 5 ℃/min heats up, and temperature to 480 ℃ is rolled into pole stock after insulation 8h;
(3) pole stock that step (2) is obtained carries out anneal under inert atmosphere, be heated to 350 ℃ of insulation 4h, then annealing temperature is down to 170 ℃ of insulation 3h, is cooled to room temperature;
(4) pole stock that step (3) is obtained carries out ageing treatment in strength of electric field is the uniform electric field of 12kV/cm, aging temp is 260 ℃, and aging time is 14h, obtains aluminium alloy.
The aluminium alloy of preparation is according to the method described above carried out performance test, and result is referring to table 2.
Embodiment 5
(1) aluminium ingot is dropped in smelting furnace, heating makes it fusing and insulation under 800 ℃, and melting process is completed in sealed environment; First add Fe pure metal or Al-Fe master alloy, stir 20min until stir standing insulation 30min; Then above-mentioned alloy melt is carried out furnace refining; Add refining agent in alloy melt, and stir, more standing insulation 30min, the melt refining operates in sealed environment; Slag hitting after refining, standing, temperature adjustment to 700 ℃, aluminium alloy are toppled over and are come out of the stove, then after warp degasification, slagging-off process, enter casting machine and cast, and obtain aluminium alloy cast ingot, and ingot casting becomes to be respectively in table 1;
(2) speed that the aluminium alloy cast ingot that step (1) is obtained carries out 5 ℃/min heats up, and temperature to 490 ℃ is rolled into pole stock after insulation 18h;
(3) pole stock that step (2) is obtained carries out anneal under inert atmosphere, be heated to 320 ℃ of insulation 6h, then annealing temperature is down to 190 ℃ of insulation 3h, is cooled to room temperature;
(4) pole stock that step (3) is obtained carries out ageing treatment in strength of electric field is the uniform electric field of 12kV/cm, aging temp is 310 ℃, and aging time is 16h, obtains aluminium alloy.
The aluminium alloy of preparation is according to the method described above carried out performance test, and result is referring to table 2.
Embodiment 6
(1) aluminium ingot is dropped in smelting furnace, heating makes it fusing and insulation under 730 ℃, and melting process is completed in sealed environment; First add Fe pure metal or Al-Fe master alloy, 20min is until stir standing insulation 30min; Then above-mentioned alloy melt is carried out furnace refining; Add refining agent in alloy melt, and stir, more standing insulation 30min, the melt refining operates in sealed environment; Slag hitting after refining, standing, temperature adjustment to 800 ℃, aluminium alloy are toppled over and are come out of the stove, then after warp degasification, slagging-off process, enter casting machine and cast, and obtain aluminium alloy cast ingot, and ingot casting becomes to be respectively in table 1;
(2) speed that the aluminium alloy cast ingot that step (1) is obtained carries out 5 ℃/min heats up, and temperature to 460 ℃ is rolled into pole stock after insulation 14h;
(3) pole stock that step (2) is obtained carries out anneal under inert atmosphere, be heated to 350 ℃ of insulation 7h, then annealing temperature is down to 190 ℃ of insulation 4h, is cooled to room temperature;
(4) pole stock that step (3) is obtained carries out ageing treatment in strength of electric field is the uniform electric field of 11kV/cm, aging temp is 305 ℃, and aging time is 18h, obtains aluminium alloy.
The aluminium alloy of preparation is according to the method described above carried out performance test, and result is referring to table 2.
Embodiment 7
(1) aluminium ingot is dropped in smelting furnace, heating makes it fusing and insulation under 750 ℃, and melting process is completed in sealed environment; First add Fe pure metal or Al-Fe master alloy, stir 20min until stir standing insulation 30min; Then above-mentioned alloy melt is carried out furnace refining; Add refining agent in alloy melt, and stir, more standing insulation 30min, the melt refining operates in sealed environment; Slag hitting after refining, standing, temperature adjustment to 720 ℃, aluminium alloy are toppled over and are come out of the stove, then after warp degasification, slagging-off process, enter casting machine and cast, and obtain aluminium alloy cast ingot, and ingot casting becomes to be respectively in table 1;
(2) speed that the aluminium alloy cast ingot that step (1) is obtained carries out 5 ℃/min heats up, and temperature to 470 ℃ is rolled into pole stock after insulation 12h;
(3) pole stock that step (2) is obtained carries out anneal under inert atmosphere, be heated to 340 ℃ of insulation 5h, then annealing temperature is down to 170 ℃ of insulation 4h, is cooled to room temperature;
(4) pole stock that step (3) is obtained carries out ageing treatment in strength of electric field is the uniform electric field of 12.5kV/cm, aging temp is 315 ℃, and aging time is 17h, obtains aluminium alloy.
The aluminium alloy of preparation is according to the method described above carried out performance test, and result is referring to table 2.
Embodiment 8
(1) aluminium ingot is dropped in smelting furnace, heating makes it fusing and insulation under 790 ℃, and melting process is completed in sealed environment; First add Fe pure metal or Al-Fe master alloy, stir 20min until stir standing insulation 30min; Then above-mentioned alloy melt is carried out furnace refining; Add refining agent in alloy melt, and stir, more standing insulation 30min, the melt refining operates in sealed environment; Slag hitting after refining, standing, temperature adjustment to 750 ℃, aluminium alloy are toppled over and are come out of the stove, then after warp degasification, slagging-off process, enter casting machine and cast, and obtain aluminium alloy cast ingot, and ingot casting becomes to be respectively in table 1;
(2) speed that the aluminium alloy cast ingot that step (1) is obtained carries out 5 ℃/min heats up, and 510 ℃ of temperature are rolled into pole stock after insulation 13h;
(3) pole stock that step (2) is obtained carries out anneal under inert atmosphere, be heated to 310 ℃ of insulation 5h, then annealing temperature is down to 170 ℃ of insulation 4h, is cooled to room temperature;
(4) pole stock that step (3) is obtained carries out ageing treatment in strength of electric field is the uniform electric field of 8kV/cm, aging temp is 285 ℃, and aging time is 14h, obtains aluminium alloy.
The aluminium alloy of preparation is according to the method described above carried out performance test, and result is referring to table 2.
Comparative Examples 1
Choose the standard aluminium ingot of 99.7% purity, its impurity silica removal, iron, the outer content of copper are no more than 0.02wt%; Described aluminium ingot is put into molten aluminium stove melt, add the zirconium of 0.15wt%, the copper of 0.25wt%, the iron of 0.70wt% and the yttrium of 0.25wt%, the alloying temperature is 750 ℃; Through homogenizing stirring, refining degasification, slag making, slagging-off, the aluminum alloy melt refining temperature is 725 ℃, and with solid insulating covering agent aluminium coating aluminium alloy surface, standing 60min carries out the stokehold chemical composition analysis, and monitoring, adjustment are with control element content; Aluminium liquid is carried out continuous casting, obtain the aluminium alloy cast bar; The aluminium alloy cast bar is rolled into aluminium alloy rod, and it is 500 ℃ that the aluminium alloy cast bar advances to roll temperature, and the finishing temperature of aluminium alloy rod is 250 ℃; Aluminium alloy rod is carried out bracing wire process, pull wire speed is 20 meter per seconds, repeatedly after bracing wire, is drawn into required high-strength heat-resisting aluminum-alloy circle line; Described aluminum alloy round line is carried out modified thermal treatment, and temperature is 200 ℃, and the time is 120min, and the aluminum alloy round line after thermal treatment is cooling, obtains heat-resisting aluminium alloy circle line.The aluminum alloy round line of preparation is carried out performance test, and result is referring to table 2.
Comparative Examples 2
Select eight tons of aluminium ingots, its foreign matter content (except silicon, iron, copper) is no more than 0.02wt%, put into the circular aluminum melting furnace fusing, add simultaneously the zirconium of 0.10wt%, the copper of 0.02wt%, the iron of 0.35wt%, the silicon of 0.20wt% and the rare earth of 0.35wt%, the alloying temperature is 730 ℃; Through homogenizing stirring, refining degasification, slag making, slagging-off, the aluminum alloy melt refining temperature is 725 ℃, and with solid insulating covering agent aluminium coating aluminium alloy surface, standing 40min carries out the stokehold chemical composition analysis, and monitoring, adjustment are with control element content; Aluminium liquid is carried out continuous casting, obtain the aluminium alloy cast bar; The aluminium alloy cast bar is rolled into aluminium alloy rod, and it is 500 ℃ that the aluminium alloy cast bar advances to roll temperature, and the finishing temperature of aluminium alloy rod is 250 ℃; Aluminium alloy rod is carried out bracing wire process, pull wire speed is 10 meter per seconds, repeatedly after bracing wire, is drawn into required high-strength heat-resisting aluminum-alloy circle line; Described aluminum alloy round line is carried out modified thermal treatment, and temperature is 200 ℃, and the time is 200min, and the aluminum alloy round line after thermal treatment is cooling, obtains heat-resisting aluminium alloy circle line.The aluminum alloy round line of preparation is carried out performance test, and result is referring to table 2.
Comparative Examples 3
Add purity greater than the aluminium ingot of 99.70wt% in shaft furnace, be warming up to 750 ℃, make the aluminium ingot fusing, temperature is increased to 750 ℃, Y, the Er of 0.23wt% of Sc, 0.33wt% of Ca, 0.13wt% of Zr, 0.29wt% of Mg, 0.13wt% of Cu, 0.15wt% that adds successively Fe, the 0.11wt% of 0.86wt%, it is dissolved fully, and regulate alloying constituent to setting range, alloying element is all that the form with aluminium intermediate alloy adds; At 760 ℃ of insulation 30min, then add the refining agent of 0.15wt%, remove the gred, degasification, and then be cast into aluminum alloy casting; Aluminum alloy casting is imported milling train, and the temperature that imports milling train is 450 ℃, and it is 300 ℃ that the importing milling train becomes the finishing temperature of aluminium alloy rod; Aluminium alloy rod is carried out the cold drawn aluminum alloy line that is processed into 3.0mm, be drawn into aluminum alloy line with 7 and carry out strandedly, be prepared into conductor thread core; Described aluminium alloy conductor is carried out anneal, and annealing temperature is 370 ℃, and the time is 12h, stop the body of heater heating, then annealing furnace is Sino-Japan so cooling, takes out from stove after 24h, obtains aluminium alloy conductor.The aluminium alloy conductor of preparation is carried out performance test, and result is referring to table 2.
The component list (wt%) of the aluminium alloy of table 1 embodiment preparation
The performance test data table of the aluminium alloy of table 2 embodiment and Comparative Examples preparation
The performance test data table (continued) of the aluminium alloy of table 2 embodiment and Comparative Examples preparation
By relatively can finding out of table 2, the over-all properties of aluminum alloy materials of the present invention has obvious advantage, particularly the long-time running heat resisting temperature reaches more than 180 ℃, and after heat-resisting test run(s), the intensity survival rate reaches more than 85%, 90 degree repeatedly bend number of times and reach 30 times, minimum bending radius reaches 4 times of outside diameters of cable, and the minimum process filament diameter reaches 0.1mm.
The explanation of above embodiment just is used for helping to understand method of the present invention and core concept thereof.Should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the principle of the invention, can also carry out some improvement and modification to the present invention, these improvement and modification also fall in the protection domain of claim of the present invention.
To the above-mentioned explanation of the disclosed embodiments, make this area professional and technical personnel can realize or use the present invention.Multiple modification to these embodiment will be apparent concerning those skilled in the art, and General Principle as defined herein can be in the situation that do not break away from the spirit or scope of the present invention, realization in other embodiments.Therefore, the present invention will can not be restricted to these embodiment shown in this article, but will meet the widest scope consistent with principle disclosed herein and features of novelty.
Claims (10)
1. Al-Fe aluminium alloy comprises:
0.01 the Fe of ~ 1.6wt%;
The aluminium of surplus.
2. aluminium alloy according to claim 1, is characterized in that, comprises the Fe of 0.2 ~ 1.0wt%.
3. aluminium alloy according to claim 1, is characterized in that, comprises the Fe of 0.25 ~ 0.6wt%.
4. aluminium alloy according to claim 1, is characterized in that, comprises the Fe of 0.3 ~ 0.45wt%.
5. the preparation method of an Al-Fe aluminium alloy, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
A) aluminium alloy cast ingot of the following composition of casting: the Fe of 0.01 ~ 1.6wt% and the aluminium of surplus;
B) described aluminium alloy cast ingot is carried out homogenizing and process, the aluminium alloy cast ingot after homogenizing is processed is rolled, and obtains the aluminium alloy pole stock;
C) the aluminium alloy pole stock that step b) is obtained carries out the intermittent type anneal;
D) the aluminium alloy pole stock that step c) is obtained carries out ageing treatment, obtains aluminium alloy.
6. preparation method according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the temperature that described homogenizing is processed is 450 ~ 550 ℃, and the time that described homogenizing is processed is 6 ~ 16h, and the heat-up rate that described homogenizing is processed is 3 ~ 8 ℃/min.
7. preparation method according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described step c) is specially:
The aluminium alloy pole stock that step b) is obtained is heated to 280 ~ 350 ℃, lowers the temperature after insulation 2 ~ 8h, and temperature is down to 150 ~ 200 ℃, and is cooling after insulation 2 ~ 4h.
8. preparation method according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described ageing treatment is to carry out in 5 ~ 15KV/cm uniform electric field in strength of electric field.
9. preparation method according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the temperature of described ageing treatment is 250 ~ 320 ℃, and the time of described ageing treatment is 4 ~ 20h.
10. a power cable, comprise core, insulation layer, screen layer and protective layer, it is characterized in that, described core is the described aluminium alloy of claim 1 ~ 4 any one or the prepared aluminium alloy of claim 5 ~ 9 any one.
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