CN102257920A - Method for cultivating interplanted soybeans - Google Patents
Method for cultivating interplanted soybeans Download PDFInfo
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- CN102257920A CN102257920A CN2011101373918A CN201110137391A CN102257920A CN 102257920 A CN102257920 A CN 102257920A CN 2011101373918 A CN2011101373918 A CN 2011101373918A CN 201110137391 A CN201110137391 A CN 201110137391A CN 102257920 A CN102257920 A CN 102257920A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting and discloses a method for cultivating interplanted soybeans. The method is characterized in that the soybeans are seeded in the period from the last ten days of May and the first ten days of June every year under the conditions that the average temperature is 15-25 DEG C and the air humidity is more than 70%. The method has the following beneficial effects: the extra production cost is not increased; the impact of seasonal drought in the southwest on the rate of emergence of the soybeans can be effectively avoided, good environment for normal growth of the soybeans can be provided and the rate of emergence can be improved by changing the seeding time, thus achieving the aims of yield protection, yield stabilization and income increase; and the method has important realistic significance to develop production of the intercropped and interplanted soybeans in the southwest of China, relieve the regional grain pressure and guarantee Chinese grain security.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the proportion of crop planting technical field, be specifically related to a kind of cultivation method of interplant of bean.
Background technology
Soybean is the fourth-largest crop of China that integrates cereal crops, economic crops, feed and process raw material.Soybean contains very high protein, fat, and multiple mineral nutrient element and physiological activator, is the most being rich in nutrition and food that is easy to digest in the leguminous plant.Because of its unique nutritive value, add its nodule nitrogen fixation effect, significant to the mankind.China's soybean yields is far away from demand, is the country of soybean demand and import volume maximum in the world.China's import in 2009 reaches 4,255 ten thousand tons, and externally interdependency is up to 74.5%.It is predicted that before and after 2015, the maximum cultivated area of China soybean will reach 19,500 ten thousand mu, about 3,000 ten thousand tons of maximum productivitys, and domestic soybean aggregate demand is more than 5,400 ten thousand tons, the soybean supply demand gap will be about 25,000,000 tons.Therefore greatly develop the soybean planting industry, improving the raw soybeans degree of self-sufficiency is the important directions of China Agricultural Structure Adjustment.
2003, " wheat/jade/beans " intercropping and interplanting cultivation mode was demonstrated successfully in Ziyang City, Sichuan Province, Suining City.That " wheat/jade/beans " three cooked mode are meant is no-tillage in organic integration, stalk covers, replace the sweet potato in former wheat/jade/potato pattern with soybean under the condition of direct seeding technique and how ripe minute belt wheel operation mode of interplanting year after year of carrying out, its multiple cropping mode is reserved null during for wheat cultivation, wheat growth later stage interplanting corn in null, wheat is received the back and plant soybean in the ranks on the former wheat belt of corn, represents with wheat/soybean.This pattern by five change (to change sweet potato be soybean, change between as interplanting, to change that soybean is sowed in spring to summer sowing, to change the sweet potato thin planting be the soybean dense planting, change the sweet potato ditching, ridging be that the no-tillage stalk of soybean covers), realized four subtracting (reduce the chemical fertilizer usage amount, reduce the amount of labour used, reduce labor intensity, reduce water and soil loss) and three and increased (strengthen drought resistance, increase output, increase income), reach resources conservation and environment harmony, promoted the sustainable development of dryland farming.In the past few years, this pattern is promoted rapidly in China southwest, development rapidly, nearly 8,000,000 mu of popularizing area, interplanting soybean unit yield is also disconnected to be improved, the ten thousand mu of high yield of soybean field average yield per mus in Yuezhi County reach 143.7 kilograms, create southern interplanting soybean large tracts of land high yield record, surpass the average unit yield in northern soybean main producing region.Greatly develop wheat/soybean pattern, produce and contradiction to have a very important role alleviating China soybean.
Yet the southwest of China is with a varied topography, climate variability, annual sunshine is on the low side and distribute season uneven, though this area light is according to not enough, but heat resources is abundant, the abundant (annual rainfall 800～1400mm), and being focused mostly on 5～October of rainfall, precipitation accounts for 70～80% of the whole year, shows as " few according to high temperature and rainy ".Yet because the southwest mostly is the mountain area, hills, the gradient is big, and soil layer is shallow, and water and soil loss is very serious, in addition summer the evaporation discharge height, lack effectively moisture regulation measure such as man-made irrigation, very easily form seasonal drought.According to statistics, the occurrence frequency in southwest summer, every year in dry season is 60～70%, and at the beginning of the summer drought be the first tenday period of a month～6 month in annual May the high-incidence season, the high-incidence season in dry season was the late July～early August in every year.And in existing " wheat/jade/beans " mode of manufacture, wheat is generally in results in the first tenday period of a month in May, and the peasant is eager to sow soybean in order not allow vacant lot idle, runs into the summer drought of southwest when causing soybean planting.Arid have a strong impact on soya seeds sprouting, emerge and survive, and the soybean florescence can meet with the dry season of southwest again, cause the soybean flower bud differentiation to be affected, it is impaired to grow, Cheng Hualiang reduces, and greatly influences the output in soybean later stage.As, the Xia Fulian drought of southwestern 5 provinces in 2006, the precipitation deficit 50mm in 6～July of some areas, arid is serious, and local agricultural production has been caused destructive strike.2009, STRUCTURES IN EAST SICHUAN occurred continuing 30～49 days summer drought, made soybean germination rate reduce by 30～50%, and the reduction about 80% that has has had a strong impact on the production of interplanting soybean.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the present invention is directed to the influence that interplanting soybean in the cropping pattern of southwest " wheat/jade/beans " is subject to the southwest seasonal drought, the problem that soybean emerges is poor, emergence rate is low provides a kind of cultivation method of interplant of bean.
For realizing purpose of the present invention, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of cultivation method of interplant of bean is characterized in that, in the cropping pattern of southwest " wheat/jade/beans ", soybean was sowed when annual late May～early June.
In " wheat/jade/beans " cropping pattern, corn and soybean interplanting.In corn-soybean compound population, suitable late sowing can be avoided the influence of summer drought to the soybean seeding stage, guarantee the soybean normal growth, also can reduce the symbiosis phase of corn, soybean simultaneously, be beneficial to the high yield of soybean, but sowed the sowing that can influence succession crop (wheat) late again, so the method for the invention soybean was sowed when annual late May～early June.In the area, Sichuan, in the river, area, river south should be specifically in the early June sowing, area, east, river since the drought concluding time in summer a little earlier, select 20～May 27 May comparatively suitable.
The sprouting of seed all needs certain temperature, and suitable temperature is the primary condition that guarantees seed germination, and therefore, cultivation method soybean of the present invention is in daily mean temperature sowing during at 15～25 ℃, with the sprouting that guarantees soya seeds with emerge.
Dry seed moisture content is few, and sufficient moisture can make kind of skin expand, soften, and oxygen just penetrates easily, breathes to strengthen, and is beneficial to the sprouting of seed.The size of air humidity greatly affects the suction speed and the respiratory size of seed.Air humidity is big, is beneficial to the seed suction, strengthens respiration.Therefore, cultivation method soybean of the present invention is sowed greater than 70% o'clock in air humidity, to guarantee the sprouting of soya seeds.
Preferably, cultivation method of the present invention, described soybean is to be breeding time 130～140 days late variety.The selection of soybean varieties needs the influence of water key period to have important effect to avoiding arid to soybean.Southwest summer drought be that May in every year is at the beginning of the first tenday period of a month～6 month the high-incidence season, high-incidence season in dry season is annual late July～early August, the late May～early June time sowing can avoid the influence of summer drought to the soybean seeding stage, but, early medium variety since breeding time short, the florescence easily and the dry season meet, cause the soybean flower bud differentiation to be affected, it is impaired to grow, and Cheng Hualiang reduces.Therefore be not subjected to arid influence in order to guarantee soybean blossoming, bear pods and rouse the need water key periods such as grain phase, cultivation method of the present invention, described soybean is that be 130～140 days late variety breeding time, comprises that tribute is selected No. 1 and southern beans 12 long late varieties breeding time such as grade.
For reasonable control planting density, as preferably, soybean mu is planted 6000～9000 strains.
From above-mentioned technical scheme as can be seen, the cultivation method of a kind of interplant of bean provided by the invention, soybean in annual late May～early June, daily mean temperature at 15～25 ℃, air humidity greater than sowing in 70% o'clock.The method of the invention does not increase extra production cost, by changing sowing time, can avoid of the influence of southwest seasonal drought effectively to soybean germination rate, for the normal growth of soybean provides good environment, improve emergence rate, thereby reach the purpose of protecting product, stable yields, increasing income, development China southwest intercropping and interplanting soybean is produced, alleviates regional grain pressure, ensures that China's grain security has important practical significance.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 shows the cultivation method plantation schematic diagram in period of interplant of bean of the present invention.
Embodiment
The invention discloses a kind of cultivation method of interplant of bean, those skilled in the art can use for reference this paper content, suitably improve technological parameter and realize.Special needs to be pointed out is that all similarly replace and change apparent to those skilled in the art, they all are regarded as being included in the present invention.Method of the present invention is described by preferred embodiment, and the related personnel obviously can change or suitably change and combination method as herein described in not breaking away from content of the present invention, spirit and scope, realizes and use the technology of the present invention.
Cultivation method provided by the invention is specially:
The apolegamy breeding: soybean is selected long late variety breeding time, and (Sichuan Province's Zigong City research of agricultural science provides) selected in tribute No. 1, southern beans 12 (Nanchong, the Sichuan Province institute of agricultural sciences provides).
Date of seeding: soybean in annual late May～early June, daily mean temperature at 15～25 ℃, air humidity greater than sowing in 70% o'clock.
Density is provided with: adopt " two 30 " cropping pattern, soybean 6000～9000 strain/mus.
The rational application of fertilizer: soybean base fertilizer is executed 35 kilograms/mu of superphosphate, 10 kilograms/mu of potassium sulphates, and in preceding season of interplanting crop impose 5 kilograms/mu in urea after receiving.
Timely results: soybean was gathered in the crops in mid-October to the last ten-days period, was advisable to full ripening stage with yellow maturity, hung to dry after the receipts and dried the back threshing.
Below in conjunction with embodiment, further set forth the present invention:
Embodiment 1
Test site: the Shehong County Qu He of Suining City, Sichuan Province township.
Experimental group: tested 5～October in 2009 and carry out.It is May 20, May 27, June 3, June 10, June 17, June 24 that sowing time is set.In totally 6 sowing time, 3 repetitions are established in test, and completely random is arranged.Adopt " two 30 " cropping pattern, bandwidth 2m, corn, soybean respectively account for 1m, and the sub-district area is 7m * 2m.Corn variety adopts river list 418, and density is set to 3500 strain/mus; Soybean varieties adopts tribute to select No. 1, and the row nest is apart from being set to 50 * 34cm, and 3 strains are stayed in the cave, density 6000 strain/mus.Base fertilizer mu is executed urea 3kg, superphosphate 30kg, and potassium chloride 4kg spreads manuer in holes during sowing in the side away from seed, imposes urea 5kg/ mu behind initial bloom stage rain, and other cultivation management measures are produced with the land for growing field crops.Result of the test sees Table 1.
Table 1 Shehong from different places sowing time the soybean effect
By above-mentioned result of the test as can be known, at area, Shehong (Chuan Nan), have very big influence to the interplanting soybean sowing time.Date of seeding,, the soybean germination rate in June 10 and June 17 was the highest, was respectively 82.1% and 56.7%, and sowing on June 3 is handled and taken second place, May 20 and sowing on May 27 minimum; The soybean biomass of initial bloom stage and Sheng pod phase is all handled the highest with sowing on June 3, be respectively 10.2g/ strain and 54.5g/ strain, apparently higher than other sowing time; Soybean yields is the highest with June 3 and June 10, is respectively 92.4kg/ mu and 85.4kg/ mu, is significantly higher than other sowing time.The regional climatic characteristic in cumulated volume test and south, river as can be known, early June, daily mean temperature reaches more than 20 ℃, it is the sowing time of this area's the best when above that relative air humidity reaches 70%, emergence rate and output are all best than other sowing time, are beneficial to the acquisition of high yield.
Embodiment 2:
Test site: Shui Cun is stepped in Zhu Jia township, Renshou County, Meishan City, Sichuan Province.
Experimental group: experimental scheme the results are shown in Table 2 with embodiment 1
Table 2 Renshou from different places sowing time the soybean effect
By above-mentioned result of the test as can be known, (in the river) area in the Renshou, date of seeding the soybean germination rate June 10 the highest, be respectively 81.9%, May 20 sowing is handled minimum; The soybean biomass of initial bloom stage and Sheng pod phase is also handled the highest with sowing on June 10, be respectively 10.8g/ strain and 250g/ strain, apparently higher than other sowing time; Soybean yields is the highest with June 3 and June 10, is respectively 140.7kg/ mu and 175.6kg/ mu, and apparently higher than other sowing time, early sowing (May 20) output is minimum.Climatic characteristic in conjunction with area in this test and the river thinks that early June is the best sowing time of this area.
Embodiment 3:
Test site: Guangan City, Sichuan Province Guangan District Guang Luo township
Experimental group: experimental scheme the results are shown in Table 3 with embodiment 1
Table 3 Renshou from different places sowing time the soybean effect
(Chuan Dong) area in Guangan, because the summer drought is actually rare, emerging is difficult for being affected by the climate.Above-mentioned result of the test as can be known, emergence rate no significant difference between each sowing time, emergence rate is the highest with May 27, is 82.9%.Initial bloom stage biomass, full-bloom stage biomass and output are the highest with sowing on May 20, are respectively the 16.4g/ strain, 274.6g/ strain and 122.8kg/ mu.In this test, owing to be subjected to pecking at of flock of birds, planting percent is lower in the back of emerging for the soybean of late sowing (17～June 24 June), have a strong impact on soybean yields, climatic characteristic and natural situation according to this area should focus on sowing during sowing, prevent that blanking time is oversize and produce bird pest.Cumulated volume test, early sowing (20～May 27 May) should be selected in area, east, river, and daily mean temperature reaches more than 19 ℃, and relative air humidity reaches 70% and is beneficial to soybean when above and emerges and become seedling, the acquisition high yield.
The above only is a preferred implementation of the present invention; should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the principle of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. the cultivation method of an interplant of bean is characterized in that, soybean in annual late May～early June, daily mean temperature at 15～25 ℃, air humidity greater than sowing in 70% o'clock.
2. cultivation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described soybean is to be breeding time 130～140 days late variety.
3. cultivation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that soybean mu is planted 6000～9000 strains.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104186174A (en) * | 2014-09-03 | 2014-12-10 | 安徽科技学院 | Method for helping soybean emerging with wheat seeds |
| CN104488529A (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2015-04-08 | 狄正兴 | Earth-covering drought-resisting seedling-protection farming method for planting soybeans after crop of spring cucumber stubbles |
| CN106386064A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-02-15 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | Method for improving secondary saline-alkali lands in Hetao irrigation district by interplanting of soybeans and wheat |
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| CN101310586A (en) * | 2008-06-11 | 2008-11-26 | 王清林 | Soya corn intercropping plant method |
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| CN101310586A (en) * | 2008-06-11 | 2008-11-26 | 王清林 | Soya corn intercropping plant method |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
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| 《大豆科学》 20110228 陈小林等 不同施氮水平下净、套作大豆茎秆特征比较研究 102 1-3 第30卷, 第1期 * |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104186174A (en) * | 2014-09-03 | 2014-12-10 | 安徽科技学院 | Method for helping soybean emerging with wheat seeds |
| CN104488529A (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2015-04-08 | 狄正兴 | Earth-covering drought-resisting seedling-protection farming method for planting soybeans after crop of spring cucumber stubbles |
| CN106386064A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-02-15 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | Method for improving secondary saline-alkali lands in Hetao irrigation district by interplanting of soybeans and wheat |
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Application publication date: 20111130 |