CN102249986B - N-苯乙基-4-苯胺基哌啶的制备方法 - Google Patents
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- YDJXNYNKKXZBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-phenethyl-4-piperidinone Chemical class C1CC(=O)CCN1CCC1=CC=CC=C1 YDJXNYNKKXZBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种制备N-苯乙基-4-苯胺基哌啶的方法,其主要步骤是:在催化剂存在条件下,由N-苯乙基-4-哌啶酮(其结构如式II所示)与苯胺(其结构如式III所示)在乙醇中,Raney Ni催化下,50-100℃氢化胺化,制得目标物。本发明所述的制备N-苯乙基-4-苯胺基哌啶的方法,其具有原料廉价易得、副产物少,产物纯度好,收率高,成本低等优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明属制药工程领域,涉及一种芬太尼中间体--N-苯乙基-4-苯胺基哌啶的制备方法。
背景技术
N-苯乙基-4-苯胺基哌啶(I)是制备阿片类镇痛药芬太尼的关键中间体,也可用于抗真菌药物N-苄基-N-[1-(2-苯乙基)-4-哌啶基]丙基硫代酰胺类的合成。
现有制备方法以N-苯乙基-4-哌啶酮(II)为原料,与苯胺(III)形成相应的亚胺后再经氢化锂铝、硼氢化钠还原得到目标产物I(US20100016365;Bioorg.Med.Chem.,2009,17(14):5044-5053;Chem.Pharm.Bulletin,1985,33(5):1826-1835);
或由N-苯乙基-4-哌啶酮(II)和苯胺(III)经三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠还原胺化得1,收率62%-88%(US20100016365,US20060100438);4-哌啶酮与2-溴乙基苯和苯胺经锌粉还原的I(WO2009116084;IN2004DE02554)。
其中,N-苯乙基-4-哌啶酮可由β-苯乙胺和丙烯酸酯为原料,经Miachel加成,Dieckman缩合,酸性水解得到(PrzemyslChemiczny,1978,57(3):131-134;WO2009116084.2009-03-09)。
上述方法中,所用氢化锂铝和三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠等试剂价格昂贵,反应条件比较苛刻,产品质量不稳定。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服上述方法的不足,提供一种经济、高效及实用的制备N-苯乙基-4-苯胺基哌啶的方法。
本发明所要制备的N-苯乙基-4-苯胺基哌啶,其结构如式I所示:
本发明所提供的制备式所示化合物的方法,其主要步骤是:由N-苯乙基-4-哌啶酮(其结构如式II所示)与苯胺(其结构如式III所示)在乙醇反应介质中,在压力釜中催化剂作用下一锅法氢化还原胺化,制得目标物N-苯乙基-4-苯胺基哌啶(式I所示化合物)。
本发明所说的制备方法,副产物少,产物纯度好,收率高,成本低。
具体实施方式
在本发明一个优选的技术方案中,式II所示化合物与式III所示化合物的摩尔比为1∶0.5~10,更优选的技术方案是:式II所示化合物与式III所示化合物的摩尔比为1∶1.1~2.5。
在本发明另一个优选的技术方案中,所说的催化剂为RaneyNi、硼化镍、Pd-C(5%或10%Pd-C)等;
更优选的催化剂RaneyNi;
所述的催化剂的用量为式II所示化合物(N-苯乙基-4-哌啶酮)用量的1%~50%(重量)为宜,即:1g~50g/100g·N-苯乙基-4-哌啶酮,即:每克N-苯乙基-4-哌啶酮(式II所示化合物)需用催化剂0.01g~0.5g。
在本发明又一个优选的技术方案中,所说的反应溶剂,如(但不限于):甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、异丙醇、甲苯、二甲苯、冰乙酸、1,4-二氧六环、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、二甲亚砜(DMSO)、环丁砜、溴化1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑盐([bmIm]Br)、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐([bmIm]BF4)或1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([bmIm]PF6)等;
本发明推荐使用的有机溶剂是:乙醇、异丙醇和冰乙酸;
所述有机溶剂的建议用量为10mL~20mL/g·N-苯乙基-4-哌啶酮,即:每克N-苯乙基-4-哌啶酮(式II所示化合物)需用10mL~20mL所述的有机溶剂。
在本发明所述的制备方法中,可采用薄层层析(TLC)判断制备反应的终点(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=10∶1(v/v));而所制得的式I所示化合物的粗品,可采用重结晶等现有常规的纯化方法进行纯化。
本发明所述的制备N-苯乙基-4-苯胺基哌啶的方法,其具有原料来源广泛,廉价易得,副产物少,产物纯度好,收率高,成本低。
下面通过实施例对本发明进一步阐述,目的仅在于更好理解本发明的内容。因此,所列实施例并不限制本发明的保护范围:
实施例1
N-苯乙基-4-哌啶酮(II)的制备:
丙烯酸甲酯(688.7g,8.0mol)和无水甲醇(480ml)混合后,搅拌30min。冰浴下滴加β-苯乙胺(2)(387.8g,3.2mol)和无水甲醇(320ml)的混合液,控制内温度不超过40℃,滴加完毕,升温至回流搅拌反应8h。冷至室温,减压回收甲醇及过量的丙烯酸甲酯,得淡黄色油状液体N,N-双(β-甲氧羰基乙基)苯乙胺(III)(926.0g,收率98.5%)。
1HNMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.27(dd,J=9.29,5.54Hz,2H),7.18(t,J=7.44,7.44Hz,3H),3.66(s,6H),2.85(t,J=7.14,7.14Hz,4H),2.70(m,4H),2.45(t,J=7.13,7.13Hz,4H)。MS-EI(m/z,%):293(M+,3.5),189(95),146(100),91(10)。
向3000ml三口烧瓶中加入甲苯(300ml)、金属钠丝(22.08g,0.96mol),升温至110℃,搅拌回流30min,降温至40℃,缓慢滴加无水甲醇(8.0ml),搅拌15min,滴加N,N-双(甲氧羰基乙基)苯乙胺(III)(235.0g,0.80mol),控制温度不超过60℃,滴加完毕,加热回流3h。TLC跟踪反应完全,冷却至室温,溶液固化得中间体3,加入25%盐酸(1200ml),油浴回流5h,TLC跟踪反应完全,冷却至室温,搅拌过夜,分去甲苯层,冰浴条件下用40%氢氧化钠调节水层pH=12,析出大量淡黄色结晶固体,冷却,抽滤,石油醚重结晶得淡黄色结晶1-苯乙基-4-哌啶酮4(145g,收率89.5%),mp:54.6-56.2℃。
1HNMR(400MHz)δ:7.28(t,5H),2.86(dd,J=13.81,7.87Hz,6H),2.75(m,2H),2.50(t,J=6.11,6.11Hz,4H)。MS-EI(m/z,%):203(M+,2.0),112(100),91(5)。
实施例2
N-苯乙基-4-苯胺基哌啶(I)的制备:
向2L压力釜中加入N-苯乙基-4-哌啶酮(54g,0.266mol),苯胺(27.54,0.296mol),冰乙酸(3.0ml),干燥的3A分子筛(75g),无水乙醇(1000ml),3146型Raney-Ni(20g),用氮气驱尽釜内空气后,通入氢气(压力0.4MPa),于60℃反应2h。降至室温,抽滤除去固体得浅黄色色溶液,减压蒸除乙醇,加石油醚(20ml),冷却析晶,抽滤得白色结晶I65.6g,收率88.1%,mp:99-101℃;含量99.5%(HPLC);
1HNMR(400MHz)δ:7.27(m,2H),7.19(dd,J=7.44,3.43Hz,3H),7.15(m,2H),6.67(t,J=7.30,7.30Hz,1H),6.58(d,J=7.76Hz,2H),3.65(m,1H),3.30(s,1H),2.94(d,J=11.70Hz,2H),2.80(dd,J=10.17,6.31Hz,2H),2.60(m,2H),2.18(t,J=10.50,10.50Hz,H),2.07(d,J=12.23Hz,2H),1.49(dt,J=13.60,13.56,3.49Hz,2H);
MS-EI(m/z,%):280(M+,5.0),189(90),146(100),91(8)。
实施例3
N-苯乙基-4-苯胺基哌啶(I)的制备:
除以甲醇(1000ml)替代无水乙醇(1000ml)外,其它同实施例2得白色结晶I67g,收率89.9%,mp:99-101℃;含量99.7%(HPLC);
1HNMR(400MHz)δ:7.27(m,2H),7.19(dd,J=7.44,3.43Hz,3H),7.15(m,2H),6.67(t,J=7.30,7.30Hz,1H),6.58(d,J=7.76Hz,2H),3.65(m,1H),3.30(s,1H),2.94(d,J=11.70Hz,2H),2.80(dd,J=10.17,6.31Hz,2H),2.60(m,2H),2.18(t,J=10.50,10.50Hz,H),2.07(d,J=12.23Hz,2H),1.49(dt,J=13.60,13.56,3.49Hz,2H);
MS-EI(m/z,%):280(M+,5.0),189(90),146(100),91(8)。
实施例4
N-苯乙基-4-苯胺基哌啶(I)的制备:
除以异丙醇(1000ml)替代无水乙醇(1000ml)外,其它同实施例2得白色结晶I(66.5g,收率89.3%),mp:99-101℃;含量99.7%(HPLC)。
实施例5
N-苯乙基-4-苯胺基哌啶(I)的制备:
除将3146型Raney-Ni用量由20g改为10g、反应时间延长为5小时外,其它同实施例2得白色结晶I(67.2g,收率90.2%),mp:99-101℃;含量99.3%(HPLC)。
实施例6
N-苯乙基-4-苯胺基哌啶(I)的制备:
除将氢气压力0.4MPa增大到0.6MPa,反应温度升至80℃,反应时间缩短为1h外,其它同实施例2得白色结晶I(65.7g,收率88.2%),mp:98-100℃;含量98.9%(HPLC)。
Claims (1)
1.一种制备如式I所示化合物N-苯乙基-4-苯胺基哌啶的方法,其包括以下步骤:在压力釜中,催化剂作用下,由式II所示化合物N-苯乙基-4-哌啶酮与式III所示化合物苯胺在反应介质中,加热催化氢化还原胺化,制得目标物I;
其中,所述催化剂为RaneyNi或硼化镍;
反应温度为60℃;
还原剂为氢气,氢气压力为0.1-1MPa;
式II所示化合物与式III所示化合物的摩尔比为1∶1.1~2.5;
有机溶剂是:乙醇、异丙醇和冰乙酸;
所述有机溶剂的用量为10mL~20mL/g·N-苯乙基-4-哌啶酮,即:每克N-苯乙基-4-哌啶酮需用10mL~20mL所述的有机溶剂。
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