CN102246245A - 辐射屏蔽结构组合物 - Google Patents

辐射屏蔽结构组合物 Download PDF

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CN102246245A
CN102246245A CN2009801488274A CN200980148827A CN102246245A CN 102246245 A CN102246245 A CN 102246245A CN 2009801488274 A CN2009801488274 A CN 2009801488274A CN 200980148827 A CN200980148827 A CN 200980148827A CN 102246245 A CN102246245 A CN 102246245A
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J·L·塞尔夫
J·W·小保罗
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    • G21F1/06—Ceramics; Glasses; Refractories
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
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    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
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    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract

提供一种由包含硅酸钙、氧化镁或氧化钙及酸式磷酸盐的组合物形成的辐射屏蔽结构。该组合物也可包含粉煤灰或高岭土，含有或不含硅酸钙。

Description

辐射屏蔽结构组合物
相关申请
本申请要求2008年10月6日提交的美国临时申请(申请序列号为61/102,997)的优先权，将该申请全部内容引用于此。
技术领域
本发明通常涉及一种在辐射屏蔽应用中使用的组合物。
背景技术
辐射屏蔽结构的应用非常广泛，尤其在核技术领域和任何产生辐射的设备中。典型的辐射源包括宇宙射线、医疗设备中的X-射线、核反应堆、阴极射线管(如电视和电脑显示器)等等。在多种装置中都需要仔细检测辐射剂量，人体照射水平的管理标准也有很多。辐射屏蔽在限制辐射对敏感设备的照射量上也十分重要。例如，要保护核反应容器不受γ射线的照射。再比如，需要对其它医疗设备进行保护，以免受到放射辐射的医疗设备的影响。
混凝土或水泥是辐射屏蔽中常用的候选材料。例如，美国专利No.5,786,611曾提出储存用过的核废料的容器，该容器含具有稳定的氧化铀集料的混凝土和B2O3、HfO3或者Gd2O3等中子吸收材料。美国专利No.4,727,257曾提出一种辐射屏蔽组合物，其含基于含集料的水泥的灰浆(mortar)，其中集料含抹灰凝胶剂(floated gelata)和硼矿物(boron mineral)。美国公开No.2002/0165082曾提出一种磷酸盐陶瓷辐射屏蔽组合物，其含镁、钾和磷粘合剂，以及用于散热的物质例如B4C、Bi2O3、Fe2O3、Fe3O4、Pb金属和铅。
但是，目前仍需要一种成本较低、较少依赖重金属的组合物用于提供可接受水平的辐射屏蔽。
发明内容
辐射屏蔽结构在核电厂、粒子加速器、研究堆、实验室设备和放射线与X射线医疗设施的屏蔽中被广泛应用。重要的因素是选择具体的屏蔽结构作为所需的衰减系数(attenuation coefficient)或缩减因子(reduction factor)。线性衰减系数(μ)取决于屏蔽材料的密度。为了避免由于材料密度不同所带来的影响，线性衰减系数表示成质量衰减系数(mass attenuation coefficient)(μ/ρ)cm2g-1，它是表示单位质量的屏蔽材料的效果的直接量度。
为此，本发明提供了一种辐射屏蔽结构组合物，其含硅酸钙、氧化镁和酸式磷酸盐。该辐射屏蔽结构，基于为0.662MeV(5μCi Cs-137源)和1.173MeV(1μCi Co-60源)的光子能量，与普通的混凝土相比具有改进的衰减系数。
在另一个实施方案中，本发明提供了一种辐射屏蔽结构组合物，其含氧化镁或氧化钙、酸式磷酸盐和粉煤灰，并且基于为0.662MeV(5μCi Cs-137源)和1.173MeV(1μCi Co-60源)的光子能量，与普通的混凝土相比具有改进的衰减系数。
在另一个实施方案中，本发明提供了一种辐射固化结构组合物(radiation curing structure composition)，其含氧化镁或氧化钙、酸式磷酸盐和高岭土，并且基于为0.662MeV(5μCi Cs-137源)和1.173MeV(1μCi Co-60源)的光子能量，与普通的混凝土相比具有改进的衰减系数。
附图说明
图1是使用5mCiCs-137源，光子能量为0.666MeV时实施例1-6中的辐射屏蔽结构组合物与普通混凝土(“OC”)的衰减系数图。
图2是使用1μCiCo-60源，光子能量为1.173MeV时实施例1-6中的辐射屏蔽结构组合物与普通混凝土(“OC”)的衰减系数图。
具体实施方式
关于此处描述的其它实施方案，本发明前述及其他方面将进行详细的描述。请注意本发明可以使用不同的形式实施，而不仅限于在此陈述的实施方案。也就是说，提供这些实施方案是为了向本领域技术人员彻底地、完全地揭示本发明的范围。
对本发明进行描述时所使用的术语仅仅是为了描述特定的实施方案，不应当认为是对本发明的限制。在本发明的实施方案以及附加的权利要求中，除非上下文清楚表明的，单数形式的“一”(a，an)、“该”(the)包括复数形式。同样，文件中使用的“和/或”指的是并包含一个或多个相关项目的所有可能组合。此外，此文件中使用的术语“约”应用于可测量的值时，如组合物的数量、剂量、时间、温度等时，是包含该特定值的20％、10％、5％、1％、0.5％或甚至0.1％的偏差。除非有另外的规定，在说明书中使用的包括技术术语和科学术语的所有术语具有本发明所属领域内的普通技术人员所通常理解的含义。
辐射屏蔽结构含硅酸钙(硅灰石)、氧化镁和酸式磷酸盐。在一个实施方案中，该组合物含约15-40重量％的硅酸钙、约10-35重量％的氧化镁和约25-45重量％的酸式磷酸盐。上述组合物也可任选包含0.1-40重量％的高岭土或粉煤灰。
在另一个实施方案中，辐射屏蔽结构含氧化镁或氧化钙、和酸式磷酸盐以及高岭土。在一个实施方案中，该结构含15-40重量％的煅烧氧化镁或氧化钙、25-55重量％的酸式磷酸盐，20-40重量％的粉煤灰。
在另一个实施方案中，辐射屏蔽结构含氧化镁或氧化钙、酸式磷酸盐和高岭土。在一个实施方案中，该结构含15-40重量％的煅烧氧化镁或氧化钙、20-55重量％的酸式磷酸盐和5-25重量％的高岭土。
典型的酸式磷酸盐包括磷酸二氢钾、磷酸镁、磷酸钠、磷酸铝、磷酸铵、磷酸铁、磷酸锌及上述物质的组合。在上述实施方案中，酸式磷酸盐可以是磷酸二氢钾。
辐射屏蔽结构组合物可以混合适当的添加剂，通常情况下添加剂的重量为约0.1到约30重量％。典型的添加剂包括阻燃剂、蛭石、珍珠岩、纤维、乳化剂、抗凝剂、螯合剂、粒状添加剂、石块或沙粒等粗集料、硼酸等化学添加剂、促进剂(如The Euclid Chemical Company，Cleveland，Ohio生产的Accelguard)、着色剂和颜料、填料、集料、硼砂、硅土料、铁氧化物、胶粘剂(如The Euclid Chemical Company，Cleveland，Ohio生产的Eucopoxy树脂和Eucoweld、Flexcon和Corr-bond)、塑化剂、硬化剂(如The Euclid ChemicalCompany，Cleveland，Ohio生产的Euco Diamond Hard)、修补聚合物(如The EuclidChemical Company，Cleveland，Ohio生产的Eucorapid补料(Eucorapid patch))、微二氧化硅粉(如The Euclid Chemical Company，Cleveland，Ohio生产的Eucoshot)、缓凝剂、表面软化剂、和高岭土、固化化合物(如Brownstone CS)、减水剂(如Accelguard，Eucon AC)及空气夹带剂(如AEA和Air Mix)。
或者，在辐射屏蔽结构组合物中也可添加中子吸收剂。典型的中子吸收剂包括重金属和重金属化合物例如硼、B2O3、HfO3、Gd2O3、氧化铁、铅等等。
或者，在该组合物中可以添加各种加固成分(reinforcement)，或者该组合物可用于加固成分。典型的加固成分包括钢(例如钢筋)、其他金属(例如铅)、碳、玻璃、石料、玄武岩等，其为纤维、颗粒和/或织物/垫的形式。
该辐射屏蔽结构组合物可混合为浆料并喷洒在现有表面或基质上，用以提高该表面的衰减系数，或者浆料也可以经喷射、挤压、成模等制成预定的形状。适当的结构包括核电厂、粒子加速器、研究堆、X-射线设备、辐射设备等的屏蔽罩。其他结构还有诸如2009年10月2日提交的美国系列号No.＿，【代理人卷号No.9591-8】所描述的用于发射有害性辐射的废物的运输和储存容器，该申请所揭露的所有内容引入此作为参考。
下面的实施例仅用来对本发明来进行示例，本发明并不仅限于下列实施例。
实施例
实施例1-6组成如下：
实施例1
氧化镁        23％
磷酸二氢钾    23％
粉煤灰        21％
沙            33％
实验样品厚度为0.50英寸。
实施例2
氧化镁        20％
磷酸二氢钾    23％
硅酸钙        24％
沙            33％
实验样品厚度为1.25英寸。
实施例3
重复实施例1，除了加入盐水。实验样品厚度为2.00英寸。
实施例4
Figure BPA00001388186200051
实验样品厚度为0.75英寸。
实施例5
氧化镁        30％
磷酸二氢钾    34％
硅酸钙        36％
实验样品厚度为0.50英寸。
实施例6
氧化镁        30％
磷酸二氢钾    31％
粉煤灰        28％
碳酸氢钠      10％
实验样品厚度为1.00英寸。
实施例7
重复实施例1，实验样品厚度为1.00英寸。实验使用由North Carolina StateUniversity开发的测量衰减系数的方法。
由图1和图2可以看出，实施例1-6的配方设计与普通的混凝土相比，衰减系数有了明显改善。
实施例8
配方如下：
氧化镁        34％
磷酸二氢钾    31％
粉煤灰        17％
高岭土        15％
实施例9
Figure BPA00001388186200061
以上描述了本发明的某些实施方案，需要理解的是，由随后的权利要求所定义的本发明不受前文上述描述中的具体细节所限制，因为在不脱离随后的权利要求的实质或范围的前提下，可能会有多种明显的变体。

Claims (18)

1.一种辐射屏蔽结构组合物，含有硅酸钙、氧化镁和酸式磷酸盐，并且基于0.662MeV(5μCi Cs-137源)和1.173MeV(1μCi Co-60源)的光子能量，与普通的混凝土相比具有改进的衰减系数。
2.如权利要求1所述的辐射屏蔽结构组合物，包含10-40重量％的硅酸钙、10-35重量％的氧化镁和15-45重量％的酸式磷酸盐。
3.如权利要求2所述的辐射屏蔽结构组合物，其中酸式磷酸盐是磷酸二氢钾。
4.一种辐射屏蔽结构，其含喷涂至基质上或者形成为预定结构的如权利要求1所述的辐射屏蔽结构组合物。
5.一种辐射屏蔽结构组合物，含有氧化镁或氧化钙、酸式磷酸盐和粉煤灰，并且基于0.662MeV(5μCi Cs-137源)和1.173MeV(1μCi Co-60源)的光子能量，与普通的混凝土相比具有改进的衰减系数。
6.如权利要求5所述的辐射屏蔽结构组合物，包含15-35重量％的煅烧氧化镁或氧化钙，15-55重量％的酸式磷酸盐和20-40重量％的粉煤灰。
7.如权利要求6所述的辐射屏蔽结构组合物，其中酸式磷酸盐是磷酸二氢钾。
8.一种辐射屏蔽结构，其含喷涂至基质上或者形成为预定结构的如权利要求5所述的辐射屏蔽结构组合物。
9.一种辐射固化结构组合物，含有氧化镁或者氧化钙、酸式磷酸盐和高岭土，并且基于0.662MeV(5μCi Cs-137源)和1.173MeV(1μCi Co-60源)的光子能量，与普通的混凝土相比具有改进的衰减系数。
10.如权利要求5所述的辐射屏蔽结构组合物，包含15-35重量％的煅烧氧化镁或氧化钙、15-55重量％的酸式磷酸盐和20-40重量％的高岭土。
11.如权利要求10所述的辐射屏蔽结构组合物，其中酸式磷酸盐是磷酸二氢钾。
12.一种辐射屏蔽结构，其含喷涂至基质上或者形成为预定结构的如权利要求10所述的辐射屏蔽结构组合物。
13.一种为结构或基质屏蔽辐射的方法，该方法包括将包含硅酸钙、氧化镁和酸式磷酸盐的组合物施加于该结构或基质上。
14.如权利要求13所述的磷酸盐方法，其中该组合物包含10-40重量％的硅酸钙、10-35重量％的氧化镁和15-45重量％的酸式磷酸盐。
15.一种为结构或基质屏蔽辐射的方法，该方法包括将包含氧化镁或氧化钙、酸式磷酸盐和粉煤灰的组合物施加于该结构或基质上。
16.如权利要求15所述的方法，其中该组合物包含15-40重量％的煅烧氧化镁或氧化钙、15-55重量％的酸式磷酸盐和20-40重量％的粉煤灰。
17.一种为结构或基质屏蔽辐射的方法，该方法包括将包含氧化镁或氧化钙、酸式磷酸盐和高岭土的组合物施加于该结构或基质上。
18.如权利要求17所述的方法，其中该组合物包含15-40重量％的煅烧氧化镁或氧化钙、15-55重量％的酸式磷酸盐和20-40重量％的高岭土。
CN2009801488274A 2008-10-06 2009-10-05 辐射屏蔽结构组合物 Pending CN102246245A (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10299708P 2008-10-06 2008-10-06
US61/102997 2008-10-06
US12/572,795 US20100090168A1 (en) 2008-10-06 2009-10-02 Radiation shielding structure composition
US12/572795 2009-10-02
PCT/US2009/059476 WO2010042416A2 (en) 2008-10-06 2009-10-05 Radiation shielding structure composition

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