CN102216859B - 用于高速固化在低温衬底上的薄膜的方法和装置 - Google Patents

用于高速固化在低温衬底上的薄膜的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN102216859B
CN102216859B CN200980134624.XA CN200980134624A CN102216859B CN 102216859 B CN102216859 B CN 102216859B CN 200980134624 A CN200980134624 A CN 200980134624A CN 102216859 B CN102216859 B CN 102216859B
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solidification equipment
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K·A·施罗德
K·M·马丁
D·K·杰克逊
S·C·麦克库
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Abstract

公开了一种用于高速热加工在低温衬底上的薄膜的固化装置。所述固化装置包括频闪头、频闪控制模块和传送器控制模块。所述频闪控制模块控制由在所述频闪头上的闪光灯产生的脉冲组的功率、持续时间和重复速率。根据速度信息,所述传送器控制模块与所述频闪控制模块一起提供在所述脉冲组的所述重复速率与所述衬底在所述频闪头下方移动的速度之间的实时同步。

Description

用于高速固化在低温衬底上的薄膜的方法和装置
优先权要求
本申请根据35U.S.C.§119(e)(1)要求在2008年7月9日提交的临时申请号为61/079,339的优先权;通过引用将其全部内容并入到本文中。
技术领域
本申请一般地涉及固化系统,特别地,涉及用于在低温下固化衬底上的薄膜的方法。
背景技术
印刷电子学是半导体工业和印刷工业的会合。用印刷电子电路替代印刷读材料的想法对于印刷商而言是诱人的,这是因为他们可看到在不对他们的设备进行大的改动的情况下实现“高值”印刷工作的潜力。类似地,电子电路制造商认为印刷电子电路的想法同样是诱人的,这是因为这允许他们以相对低的成本大批量制造电子电路。
在电子电路的制造期间,大多数薄膜涂层需要被热加工,并且大多数热固化工艺的效能与温度和时间的乘积有关。例如,用于固化薄膜的典型方法是将薄膜置于炉中,该炉被设定到其上设置有该薄膜的衬底的最大工作温度并允许在某个合理的时间量内固化该薄膜。
由于印刷电子电路典型地伴随着高批量和低成本,因此用于印刷电子电路的衬底需要由相对廉价的材料(例如纸或聚合物)来替代传统的衬底材料(例如硅、石英、玻璃、陶瓷、FR4等等)制成。然而,与硅、石英、玻璃、陶瓷、FR4等等相比,纸或聚合物具有低得多的分解温度,并且该低得多的温度需要更长的用于薄膜的固化时间。例如,聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)的最大工作温度为150℃,而在该温度下对基于银的导电膜的典型固化时间在分钟量级。这样的长固化时间使得在纸或聚合物上印刷电子电路的提议在经济上的吸引力大大降低。
因此,希望提供用于以相对高的速度热加工在低温衬底上的薄膜的方法和装置。
发明内容
根据本发明的优选实施例,一种固化装置包括频闪头(strobe head)、传感器、频闪控制模块和传送器控制模块。所述频闪控制模块控制由在所述频闪头上的闪光灯产生的脉冲组的功率、持续时间和重复速率。所述传感器感测衬底在所述频闪头下方移动的速度。根据由所述传感器获得的速度信息,所述传送器控制模块与所述频闪控制模块一起提供在所述脉冲组的所述重复速率与所述衬底在所述频闪头下方移动的速度之间的实时同步。
在以下详细记录的说明中,本发明的所有特征和优点将变得显而易见。
附图说明
通过在结合附图阅读时参考对示例性实施例的以下详细说明,将最好地理解本发明及其优选使用方式、进一步的目的和优点,其中:
图1是根据本发明的优选实施例的固化装置的图;
图2是根据本发明的优选实施例在低温衬底上的热阻挡层的图;
图3是根据本发明的优选实施例的来自图1的固化装置内的气刀的图;以及
图4是根据本发明的优选实施例的来自图1的固化装置内的冷却辊(roller)的图。
具体实施方式
对于本发明,固化被限定为热加工,其包括干燥(驱走溶剂)、颗粒烧结、致密化、化学反应激发(initiation)、相变、晶粒生长、退火、热处理等等。当固化在低温衬底(例如聚合物或纸)上的材料时,由于经常需要在接近或甚至超过衬底的分解温度的温度下加工薄膜(其被限定为厚度小于100微米的材料层),因此获得良好固化的一个限制因素是衬底的分解。此外,即使可在低温下固化薄膜,衬底的低分解温度也会增加用于热固化衬底上的材料的时间量。通过本发明的固化装置可以克服上述问题。
现在参考附图,特别地,参考图1,其描述了根据本发明的优选实施例的固化装置的图。如图所示,固化装置100包括传送带系统110、频闪头120、继电器架(relay rack)130和卷到卷(reel-to-reel)供应系统140。固化装置100能够固化位于以相对高的速度移动跨过传送带的网状物(web)或单独的片上的被安装在低温衬底103上的薄膜102。传送带系统110可以以例如2到1000ft/min的速度工作以移动衬底103。固化装置100可收纳6英寸增量(increment)的任何宽度的网状物。可通过现有技术(例如,丝网印刷、喷墨印刷、凹版印刷、激光印刷、静电复印、移印(padprinting)、涂抹、蘸水笔(dip pen)、注射(syringe)、气刷、橡皮版印刷(flexographic)、化学气相沉积(CVD)、PECVD、蒸发、溅射等等)的一种或组合,将薄膜102附加到衬底103上。
频闪头120包括用于固化位于衬底103上的薄膜102的高强度脉冲氙闪光灯121,该频闪头120优选为水冷的。脉冲氙闪光灯121可提供不同的强度、脉冲长度和脉冲重复频率的光脉冲。例如,脉冲氙闪光灯121可在高至1kHz的脉冲重复速率下提供具有3″乘6″宽脉冲样式的10μs到10ms脉冲。来自脉冲氙闪光灯121的发射的光谱成分的范围为200nm到2500nm。可以通过用铈掺杂的石英灯替代石英灯而调整光谱以去除低于350nm的大多数发射。还可以用蓝宝石灯替代石英灯以使发射从约140nm延伸到约4500nm。还可以添加滤光器以去除光谱的其他部分。闪光灯121还可以是有时被称为定向等离子弧(DPA)电弧灯的水冷壁闪光灯。
继电器架130包括可调电源131、传送器控制模块132和频闪控制模块134。可调电源131可产生具有最高为4千焦耳每脉冲的能量的脉冲。可调电源131被连接到脉冲氙闪光灯121,并且可以通过控制流过脉冲氙闪光灯121的电流量来改变来自脉冲氙闪光灯121的发射的强度。
可调电源131控制脉冲氙闪光灯121的发射强度。依赖于薄膜102和衬底103的光学、热学和几何特性,来自脉冲氙闪光灯121的发射的功率、脉冲持续时间和脉冲重复频率被电子地调整和同步到网状物速度,以允许对薄膜102的最优固化而不损伤衬底103。
在固化操作期间,衬底103以及薄膜102被移动到传送带系统110上。传送带系统110使薄膜102在频闪头120下方移动,在那里薄膜102被来自脉冲氙闪光灯121的快速脉冲所固化。通过频闪控制模块134控制来自脉冲氙闪光灯121的发射的功率、持续时间和重复速率,并且由传送器控制模块132确定衬底103移动经过频闪头120的速度。
利用传感器150来感测传送带系统110的传送带的速度,该传感器150可以是机械的、电学的或光学的传感器。例如,可以通过检测来自被连接到与移动的传送带接触的轮的轴端编码器(shaft encoder)的信号来感测传送带系统110的传送带速度。反过来,可以相应地用传送带系统110的传送带速度来同步脉冲重复速率。由下式给出频闪脉冲速率f的同步:
f = 0.2 * S * O W
其中f=频闪脉冲速率[Hz]
S=网状物速度[ft/min]
O=重叠因子(即,由衬底接收的频闪脉冲的平均数)
W=固化头宽度[in]
例如,当网状物速度为200ft/min,重叠因子为5,固化头宽度为2.75英寸时,频闪灯的脉冲速率为72.7Hz。
通过组合快速脉冲串与移动衬底103,可以在薄膜102的每个部分被暴露于多个脉冲时在任意大的面积内获得均匀的固化,这近似于诸如炉的连续固化系统。
当薄膜102与衬底103直接接触时,其加热受到衬底103在薄膜102的界面处的分解温度的限制。可以通过在薄膜102与衬底103之间设置具有比衬底103高的分解温度的热阻挡材料的层来减轻该效应并获得更好的固化。
现在参考图2,其描述了根据本发明的优选实施例的被添加到低温衬底上的热阻挡层的图。如图所示,热阻挡层201被插入在薄膜102与衬底103之间。热阻挡层201允许更高功率的辐射脉冲更深地固化衬底103上的薄膜102,该衬底103是热脆性的。热阻挡层201的使用允许较高功率的辐射和稍高的总能量,这产生具有较短脉冲长度的脉冲。当使用多个快速脉冲时,固化的时标被增加到允许在固化工艺期间从衬底103驱走热的水平。
热阻挡层201优选为比衬底103耐更高温度的材料,但却具有比衬底103低的热导率。热阻挡层201可以由例如二氧化硅(SiO2)的层构成。其他材料包括硅石颗粒或陶瓷颗粒。硅烷衍生物构成用于这些颗粒的优良的高温粘合剂。特别方便的阻挡层为旋涂玻璃(SOG),其被广泛用于晶片平面化的半导体工业中,这是因为,SOG可利用标准涂敷技术而被容易地施加到大面积。SOG允许以高加工速率在卷到卷工艺中顺序(in-line)施加热阻挡层201。
现在参考图3,其描述了根据本发明的优选实施例的来自图1的固化装置100内的气刀的图。如图所示,在固化薄膜102之前、期间和/或之后,利用气刀301来冷却衬底103。从衬底103的顶部或底部应用气刀301。当从顶部应用时,气刀301还可辅助在固化工艺期间去除来自薄膜102的附加溶剂。虽然在单个脉冲期间(~1ms)存在很少量的对流冷却,但该技术可在大于100ms的快速脉冲串期间提供显著的冷却。
现在参考图4,其描述了根据本发明的优选实施例的来自图1的固化装置100内的冷却辊的图。如图所示,利用冷却辊401来冷却衬底103。在固化工艺之前、期间或之后,将衬底103拉到辊401之上。辊401用于在固化工艺之后通过传导从衬底103驱热。可将主动冷却应用于辊401,以使辊401保持在恒定温度。除了预冷却衬底103之外,虽然在单个脉冲期间(~1ms)存在很少量的外部传导冷却,但该技术可在大于100ms的快速脉冲串期间提供附加的显著冷却。
如已经描述的,本发明提供了用于以相对高的速度热加工低温衬底上的薄膜的固化装置和方法。
以下是使用具有片供应传送器的本发明的固化装置进行固化的实例。将银纳米颗粒的水基墨加载到喷墨盒中并以约300nm的厚度印刷到相纸上,该水基墨从Novacentrix Corporation商业可得。在印刷之后,墨层具有约20,000欧姆/方块的薄层电阻。相纸(即,衬底)被夹紧到保持在27℃的1/4″厚度的铝板上并被放置在以每分钟100英尺移动的传送带上。固化灯的固化区域为,沿网状物传送方向的宽度为2.75″,而垂直于网状物传送方向的宽度为6″,从而产生106cm2的束面积。频闪灯被激活,以提供频率为14.6Hz、脉冲宽度为450毫秒、每个脉冲供给1.0J/cm2且平均辐射能量为2.2KW/cm2的多个脉冲。衬底的每个部分接收2个重叠脉冲,总能量总共为2.0J/cm2。总固化时间为约0.15秒。在固化之后,墨层的薄层电阻减小到0.25欧姆每方块。这对应于8微欧姆-cm的电阻率,或者是体银的电阻率的五倍。该墨层的面积大于固化头,但由快速脉冲和移动衬底的组合产生的重叠脉冲允许对任意长的图形的均匀固化。相比而言,对于常规炉固化,可将相同的膜/衬底至于处于100℃(其为衬底的最大工作温度)的炉中。在30分钟的固化之后,所产生的薄层电阻仅仅达到1.8欧姆/方块。
虽然已经参考优选实施例特别地示出和描述了本发明,但本领域技术人员将理解,在不背离本发明的精神和范围的情况下,可以在其中进行各种形式和细节上的改变。

Claims (9)

1.一种固化装置,包括:
用于输运安装在衬底上的薄膜层的传送器系统;
频闪头,其具有闪光灯,用于向所述薄膜层提供多个电磁脉冲;
频闪控制模块,其用于控制由所述闪光灯产生的所述多个电磁脉冲的功率、持续时间和重复速率;
传送器控制模块,其与所述频闪控制模块一起,用于实时同步所述多个电磁脉冲的所述重复速率与所述衬底移动通过所述频闪头的速度,其中所述同步由下式给出:
f = 0.2 * S * O W
其中f=脉冲重复速率[Hz]
S=移动所述衬底的速度[ft/min]
O=由所述衬底接收的频闪脉冲的平均数
W=所述频闪头的宽度[in];以及
用于在所述薄膜被暴露到所述电磁脉冲之后冷却所述薄膜的装置。
2.根据权利要求1的固化装置,其中所述闪光灯是氙闪光灯。
3.根据权利要求2的固化装置,其中所述氙闪光灯能够以高至1kHz的脉冲重复速率产生10μs到10ms的脉冲。
4.根据权利要求2的固化装置,其中所述氙闪光灯的光谱成分的范围为200nm到2500nm。
5.根据权利要求1的固化装置,其中所述闪光灯是定向等离子弧灯。
6.根据权利要求1的固化装置,其中所述固化装置还包括用于向所述传送器系统供应所述衬底的供应器。
7.根据权利要求1的固化装置,其中所述固化装置还包括用于感测所述衬底移动通过所述闪光灯的所述速度的传感器。
8.根据权利要求1的固化装置,其中所述衬底由纸构成。
9.根据权利要求1的固化装置,其中所述衬底由聚合物构成。
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