CN102206104A - Organic cultivating soil and its preparation method - Google Patents
Organic cultivating soil and its preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102206104A CN102206104A CN2011100614993A CN201110061499A CN102206104A CN 102206104 A CN102206104 A CN 102206104A CN 2011100614993 A CN2011100614993 A CN 2011100614993A CN 201110061499 A CN201110061499 A CN 201110061499A CN 102206104 A CN102206104 A CN 102206104A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
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Abstract
The invention discloses an organic cultivating soil and its preparation method. The moisture content of the cultivating soil is 15-30% (w/w), the ratio of carbon to nitrogen (C/N) is 15-25, the removal rate for removing pathogens, eggs and grass seeds is larger than or equal to 99%. The preparation method of the organic cultivating soil is to disinfect the soil and remove eggs and grass seeds during the high fermentation temperature period of waste biological organic compost, and comprises three processes of raw material pretreatment, mixed fermentation and aging, wherein the raw material pretreatment includes the treatment of garden soil and the treatment of waste biological organic matter. The cultivating soil provided by the invention contains multifarious nutriments which are necessary for the growth of plants, has high removal rate of pathogens, grass seeds and eggs; in addition, wastes are reused during the preparation process so as to change waste into valuables and protect environmental health.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is plant growing base-material and preparation method thereof, concrete is a kind of organic farming soil that is prepared from waste organisms and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
At present, increasing people likes not only can beautifying the environment in some green plantss of indoor cultivation, and a certain amount of flowers and plants of indoor plantation also have following several respects benefit: indoor plants can be regulated the mood of constraining; Indoor plants can absorb harmful and noxious substance, purify the air of a room; Many plants can absorb or reduce a large amount of electromagnetic radiation that home appliance produces; Many negatively charged ion that plant sends increase atmospheric moisture, strengthen the immunizing power of human body etc.Cultivating method is divided into soil cultivation and soilless culture, and soilless culture promptly replaces soil to cultivate with nutritive medium.Though the cleaner health of soilless culture, but a lot of shortcomings is arranged also, preparation, adjustment and management as nutritive medium all need certain know-how, and, nutritive ingredient in the nutritive medium is limited, can't compare favourably with soil, it is uneven to make that the plant rhizosphere microecosystem makes up, and long-time plantation causes plant nutrition bad and even dead easily.Therefore, a lot of people still have been partial to the soil cultivation, though at present commercially available cultivating soil nutrient is relatively more sufficient, can satisfy the needs of plant-growth, but because sterilization is not thorough in the preparation process, still residual a lot of worm's ovum and grass-seed in the cultivating soil grow insect and weeds easily in the planting process, brought very big influence for indoor health.
For the sterilization method of soil, mainly contain following several in the prior art: one, pesticide-clay mixture sterilization: a certain amount of agricultural chemicals and the fine earth with certain humidity are used behind the mixing according to a certain percentage; Two, soup sterilization: after medicament is diluted to certain density soup with clear water, sprays in upper soll layer with atomizer, or directly be poured onto in the soil, make soup penetrate into deep subsoil, kill the germ in the soil; Three, fumigation: utilize soil disinfection machine or soil injection device that fumigation medicament is injected soil, cover plastics film at upper soll layer then, under the facility condition of airtight or semi closed, toxic gas is spread in soil, kill the germ in the soil; Four, sun power soil disinfection method: after protection ground vegetables, flowers etc. are uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested, use sufficient the fertilizer and the cake fertilizer that become thoroughly decomposed, will at high temperature season in 7～August, plough, pour water, spread film, airtight then plastic greenhouse 15～20 days in leveling then; Five, steam heat sterilization: add with steam boiler and to pine for, pining for delivery of steam in soil, make soil moisture rising kill pathogenic bacteria, to reach the purpose of preventing and treating soil-borne disease by conduit.Wherein, first three plants sterilization because used toxicity of pesticide is bigger, and residual concentration is higher, easily ecotope is polluted.The 4th kind of sterilization is less to the pollution of environment, but poor effect, the sterilization dynamics is little, and simple solar disinfection method can only make underground 10cm soil temperature reach 50～60 ℃, and is inoperative to the germ in the darker soil layer.The 5th kind of sterilization required equipment price height, the application program complexity increases cost.How kill grass-seed and worm's ovum in the soil, prepare the cultivating soil that contains the required nutriment of plant-growth and be still waiting further research with simpler method.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is provides a kind of organic farming soil at the problems referred to above, a kind of preparation method of organic farming soil is provided simultaneously, utilize the waste organisms composting fermentation pliotherm period, worm's ovum and the processing of weed eradication seed are sterilized, dispeled to soil, be prepared into and contain the required various nutriment of plant-growth, germ, grass-seed, worm's ovum are dispeled the high organic farming soil of rate.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of moisture content of organic farming soil is 15～30%(w/w), and carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N) is 15～25, the rate of dispeling 〉=99% of germ, worm's ovum, grass-seed.
The preparation method of organic farming soil utilizes the waste organisms composting fermentation pliotherm period, worm's ovum and the processing of weed eradication seed are sterilized, dispeled to soil, three parts of pre-treatment, mixed fermentation, ageing that comprise raw material, the pre-treatment of raw material comprises the processing of garden mould and the processing of waste organisms, and concrete preparation method is as follows:
(1), the pre-treatment of raw material
The processing of a, garden mould: water intaking is divided into≤30%(w/w) the garden mould that dries in the shade, and it is standby to be crushed to particle diameter≤1mm back of sieving;
The processing of b, waste organisms: waste organisms moisture is adjusted to 40%～60%(w/w), carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N) is 35～50, pile up in heaps, turning every day once, make heap body water ratio 〉=40%(w/w), when reaching 50 ± 2 ℃, the heap body core temperature makes the waste organisms compost, and standby;
(2), mixed fermentation: with the waste organisms compost earlier with sieve after garden mould with 1:0.02(v/v) mixed, and adjustment mixture moisture is 40%～60%(w/w), pile up in heaps, fermentation, when compost fermentation heap body core temperature reaches 50 ± 2 ℃, add garden mould behind the sieve identical more in batches with the garden mould volume of adding first; Behind the garden mould of each adding sieve back, all water content is adjusted to 40%～60%(w/w), again pile up in heaps, continue fermentation, and keep new heap body core temperature and rise to 50 ± 2 ℃, till the ratio of waste organisms compost and sieve back garden mould reaches 1:0.1～0.7(v/v), treat newly to pile body core temperature then and rise to 50 ℃～70 ℃, keep 48～72h; When heap temperature is cooled to 30 ± 2 ℃, add functional agriculture microbial preparation, make in every gram organic farming soil and contain functional agriculture microbial preparation 1 * 10
6～1 * 10
8Individual, turning stirs, and after heap temperature is cooled to normal temperature, pulverizes the mixture that makes particle diameter≤2mm and carries out ageing;
(3), ageing: the mixture of particle diameter≤2mm is positioned over shady and cool place stacks and carried out ageing on the 30th～45; The organic farming soil that makes after the ageing, moisture content are 15～30%(w/w), and carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N) is 15～25.
Garden mould in the scheme is selected from alfisol, tierras, red bauxite, half alfisol, pedocal, brown soil, grey desert soil, soil property and just educates soil or their mixture.Used garden mould meets " food agricultural produce home environment criteria of quality evaluation " HJ332-2006.
Waste organisms in the scheme is selected from feces of livestock and poultry, stalk, bacterium rod, rice chaff, fallen leaves beta pruning, oil meal or their mixture.
Functional agriculture microbial preparation in the scheme is selected from the microorganism of arbuscular mycorrhiza genus, bacillus, Rhodopseudomonas, Flavobacterium, Alkaligenes, Agrobacterium, chromobacterium or their mixture.The functional agriculture microbial preparation that is added requires to meet agricultural microorganism microbial inoculum (GB20287-2006) and microbial fertilizer Biosafety current techique criterion (NY1109-2006).
Adopt the positively effect of technique scheme: the present invention utilizes the waste organisms composting fermentation pliotherm period, promptly 50～70 ℃, worm's ovum and the processing of weed eradication seed are sterilized, dispeled to soil, the sterilization phase is long, sterilising effect is more thorough, can reduce during the plant-growth from disease, insect pest and the weeds of soil itself, help plant-growth and can also protect indoor environmental hygiene; And waste organisms becomes thoroughly decomposed and soil disinfection is carried out simultaneously, helps the lifting of the soil organism and keeps soil moisture content; Organic farming soil in use, the sustainable decomposition of decomposed organic matter, plant-growth nutritive element utilization ratio is improved in the soil, has reduced in growing process the operation that continues fertilising; In addition; effectively utilized waste organisms in the preparation process of organic farming soil; it is the material that feces of livestock and poultry, stalk, bacterium rod, rice chaff, fallen leaves beta pruning, oil meal etc. destroy environment; both can utilize again refuse; turn waste into wealth; can protect environmental health again, the problems such as topsoil of having avoided crop straw burning to cause.
Four, embodiment:
Embodiment 1
The preparation of organic farming soil is to utilize the waste organisms composting fermentation pliotherm period, worm's ovum and the processing of weed eradication seed are sterilized, dispeled to soil, comprise three parts of pre-treatment, mixed fermentation, ageing of raw material, the pre-treatment of raw material comprises the processing of garden mould and the processing of waste organisms:
(1), the pre-treatment of raw material
The processing of a, garden mould: garden mould is selected alfisol for use, gets 5m
3Moisture is 30%(w/w) the alfisol that dries in the shade, be crushed to particle diameter 1mm sieve the back standby;
The processing of b, waste organisms: waste organisms is selected feces of livestock and poultry for use, with 5m
3Feces of livestock and poultry moisture is adjusted to 40%(w/w), carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N) is 35, piles up in heaps, turning every day once, can suitably add water during turning, making heap body water ratio is 40%(w/w), the waste organisms compost when the heap body core temperature reaches 50 ± 2 ℃, standby;
(2), mixed fermentation: get the waste organisms 5m after the processing
3With 0.1m
3Garden mould after sieving mixes, and blending ratio is 1:0.02(v/v), adjusting mixture moisture is 40%(w/w) time, pile up in heaps, fermentation.When compost fermentation heap body core temperature reaches 50 ± 2 ℃, add garden mould behind the sieve identical again with the garden mould volume of adding first.After adding sieve back garden mould, water content is adjusted to 40%(w/w), pile up in heapsly again, continue fermentation, and keep new heap body core temperature and rise to 50 ± 2 ℃, add garden mould behind the sieve identical again with the garden mould volume of adding first.After adding sieve back garden mould, water content is adjusted to 40%(w/w), pile up in heapsly again, continue fermentation, and keep new heap body core temperature and rise to 50 ± 2 ℃, add garden mould behind the sieve identical again with the garden mould volume of adding first.After adding sieve back garden mould, water content is adjusted to 40%(w/w), pile up in heapsly again, continue fermentation, and keep new heap body core temperature and rise to 50 ± 2 ℃, add garden mould behind the sieve identical again with the garden mould volume of adding first.After adding sieve back garden mould, water content is adjusted to 40%(w/w), pile up in heapsly again, continue fermentation, and keep new heap body core temperature and rise to 50 ± 2 ℃, add garden mould behind the sieve identical again with the garden mould volume of adding first.At this moment, the waste organisms compost reaches 1:0.1(v/v with the ratio of sieve back garden mould), the volume of heap body is 5.5m
3, treat newly to pile body core temperature then and rise to 50 ℃, keep 48h.When heap temperature is cooled to 30 ± 2 ℃, add the arbuscular mycorrhiza microorganism belonging to genus as functional agriculture microbial preparation, make and contain the microorganism 1 * 10 that arbuscular mycorrhiza belongs in every gram organic farming soil
6Individual, turning stirs, and after heap temperature was cooled to normal temperature, pulverizing and making particle diameter was that the mixture of 2mm carries out ageing;
(3), ageing: with particle diameter is that the mixture of 2mm is positioned over shady and cool place and stacks and carried out ageing on 30th, can according to circumstances carry out turning between aging period.Making moisture content after the ageing is 15%(w/w), carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N) is 15 organic farming soil.The no stink of the organic farming that is prepared into soil, fluffy, promptly, can loose naturally and roll into a ball with after holding tense-lax and opening, the rate of dispeling of germ, worm's ovum, grass-seed is 99% in the cultivating soil, color is a black.
Embodiment 2
The preparation method is with embodiment 1:
(1), the pre-treatment of raw material
The processing of a, garden mould: garden mould is selected tierras for use, gets 5m
3Moisture is 30%(w/w) the tierras that dry in the shade, be crushed to particle diameter 0.8mm sieve the back standby;
The processing of b, waste organisms: waste organisms is selected stalk for use, with 5m
3Stalk moisture is adjusted to 45%(w/w), carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N) is 45, piles up in heaps, turning every day once, can suitably add water during turning, making heap body water ratio is 45%(w/w), the waste organisms compost when the heap body core temperature reaches 50 ± 2 ℃, standby;
(2), mixed fermentation: get the waste organisms 5m after the processing
3With 0.1m
3Garden mould after sieving mixes, and blending ratio is 1:0.02(v/v), and to adjust mixture moisture be 50%(w/w), pile up in heaps, fermentation.When compost fermentation heap body core temperature reaches 50 ± 2 ℃, add garden mould behind the sieve identical again with the garden mould volume of adding first.Each add sieve back garden mould after, all water content is adjusted to 50%(w/w), pile up in heapsly again, continue fermentation, and keep new heap body core temperature and rise to 50 ± 2 ℃.It is inferior to repeat above step 10, reaches 1:0.2(v/v until waste organisms compost and the ratio of sieving the back garden mould) till, the volume of heap body is 6m
3Treat newly to pile body core temperature then and rise to 60 ℃, keep 60h.When heap temperature is cooled to 30 ± 2 ℃, the microorganism that adds bacillus makes the microorganism 1 * 10 that contains bacillus in every gram organic farming soil as functional agriculture microbial preparation
7Individual, turning stirs, and after heap temperature was cooled to normal temperature, pulverizing and making particle diameter was that the mixture of 1.8mm carries out ageing;
(3), ageing: with particle diameter is that the mixture of 1.8mm is positioned over shady and cool place and stacks and carried out ageing on 35th, can according to circumstances carry out turning between aging period.Making moisture content after the ageing is 20%(w/w), carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N) is 20 organic farming soil.The no stink of the organic farming that is prepared into soil, fluffy, promptly, can loose naturally and roll into a ball with after holding tense-lax and opening, the rate of dispeling of germ, worm's ovum, grass-seed is 99% in the cultivating soil, color is a black.
Embodiment 3
The preparation method is with embodiment 1:
(1), the pre-treatment of raw material
The processing of a, garden mould: garden mould is selected red bauxite for use, gets 5m
3Moisture is 30%(w/w) the red bauxite that dries in the shade, be crushed to particle diameter 0.8mm sieve the back standby;
The processing of b, waste organisms: waste organisms is selected the bacterium rod for use, with 5m
3The moisture of bacterium rod is adjusted to 45%(w/w), carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N) is 45, piles up in heaps, turning every day once, can suitably add water during turning, making heap body water ratio is 45%(w/w), the waste organisms compost when the heap body core temperature reaches 50 ± 2 ℃, standby;
(2), mixed fermentation: get the waste organisms 5m after the processing
3With 0.1m
3Garden mould after sieving mixes, and blending ratio is 1:0.02(v/v), and to adjust mixture moisture be 50%(w/w), pile up in heaps, fermentation.When compost fermentation heap body core temperature reaches 50 ± 2 ℃, add garden mould behind the sieve identical again with the garden mould volume of adding first.Each add sieve back garden mould after, all water content is adjusted to 50%(w/w), pile up in heapsly again, continue fermentation, and keep new heap body core temperature and rise to 50 ± 2 ℃.It is inferior to repeat above step 15, reaches 1:0.3(v/v until waste organisms compost and the ratio of sieving the back garden mould) till, the volume of heap body is 6.5m
3Treat newly to pile body core temperature then and rise to 60 ℃, keep 60h.When heap temperature is cooled to 30 ± 2 ℃, the microorganism that adds Rhodopseudomonas makes the microorganism 1 * 10 that contains Rhodopseudomonas in every gram organic farming soil as functional agriculture microbial preparation
8Individual, turning stirs, and after heap temperature was cooled to normal temperature, pulverizing and making particle diameter was that the mixture of 1.8mm carries out ageing;
(3), ageing: with particle diameter is that the mixture of 1.8mm is positioned over shady and cool place and stacks and carried out ageing on 35th, can according to circumstances carry out turning between aging period.Making moisture content after the ageing is 20%(w/w), carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N) is 20 organic farming soil.The no stink of the organic farming that is prepared into soil, fluffy, promptly, can loose naturally and roll into a ball with after holding tense-lax and opening, the rate of dispeling of germ, worm's ovum, grass-seed is 99.2% in the cultivating soil, color is a beige.
Embodiment 4
The preparation method is with embodiment 1:
(1), the pre-treatment of raw material
The processing of a, garden mould: garden mould is selected half alfisol for use, gets 5m
3Moisture is 30%(w/w) half alfisol that dries in the shade, be crushed to particle diameter 0.5mm sieve the back standby;
The processing of b, waste organisms: waste organisms is selected rice chaff for use, with 5m
3The moisture of rice chaff is adjusted to 60%(w/w), carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N) is 50, get pile up in heaps, turning every day once, can suitably add water during turning, make heap body water ratio 50%(w/w), the waste organisms compost when the heap body core temperature reaches 50 ± 2 ℃, standby;
(2), mixed fermentation: get the waste organisms 5m after the processing
3With 0.1m
3Garden mould after sieving mixes, and blending ratio is 1:0.02(v/v), and to adjust mixture moisture be 60%(w/w), pile up in heaps, fermentation.When compost fermentation heap body core temperature reaches 50 ± 2 ℃, add garden mould behind the sieve identical again with the garden mould volume of adding first.Each add sieve back garden mould after, all needs water content is adjusted to 60%(w/w), pile up in heapsly again, continue to ferment, and keep new heap body core temperature and rise to 50 ± 2 ℃.Repeat above step 2 ten times, reach 1:0.4(v/v until waste organisms compost and the ratio of sieving the back garden mould) till, the volume of heap body is 7m
3Treat newly to pile body core temperature then and rise to 70 ℃, keep 72h.When heap temperature is cooled to 30 ± 2 ℃, the microorganism that adds Flavobacterium makes the microorganism 1 * 10 that contains Flavobacterium in every gram organic farming soil as functional agriculture microbial preparation
6Individual, turning stirs, and after heap temperature was cooled to normal temperature, pulverizing and making particle diameter was that the mixture of 1.5mm carries out ageing;
(3), ageing: with particle diameter is that the mixture of 1.5mm is positioned over shady and cool place and stacks and carried out ageing on 45th, can according to circumstances carry out turning between aging period.Making moisture content after the ageing is 30%(w/w), carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N) is 25 organic farming soil.The no stink of the organic farming that is prepared into soil, fluffy, promptly, can loose naturally and roll into a ball with after holding tense-lax and opening, the rate of dispeling of germ, worm's ovum, grass-seed is 99.3% in the cultivating soil, color is a beige.
Embodiment 5
The preparation method is with embodiment 1:
(1), the pre-treatment of raw material
The processing of a, garden mould: garden mould is selected pedocal for use, gets 5m
3Moisture is 30%(w/w) the pedocal that dries in the shade, be crushed to particle diameter 0.5mm sieve the back standby;
The processing of b, waste organisms: waste organisms is selected the fallen leaves beta pruning for use, with 5m
3Fallen leaves beta pruning moisture be adjusted to 60%(w/w), carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N) is 50, get pile up in heaps, turning every day once, can suitably add water during turning, make heap body water ratio 50%(w/w), the waste organisms compost when the heap body core temperature reaches 50 ± 2 ℃, standby;
(2), mixed fermentation: get the waste organisms 5m after the processing
3With 0.1m
3Garden mould after sieving mixes, and blending ratio is 1:0.02(v/v), and to adjust mixture moisture be 60%(w/w), pile up in heaps, fermentation.When compost fermentation heap body core temperature reaches 50 ± 2 ℃, add garden mould behind the sieve identical again with the garden mould volume of adding first.Each add sieve back garden mould after, all needs water content is adjusted to 60%(w/w), pile up in heapsly again, continue to ferment, and keep new heap body core temperature and rise to 50 ± 2 ℃.Repeat above step 2 15 times, reach 1:0.5(v/v until waste organisms compost and the ratio of sieving the back garden mould) till, the volume of heap body is 7.5m
3Treat newly to pile body core temperature then and rise to 70 ℃, keep 72h.When heap temperature is cooled to 30 ± 2 ℃, the microorganism that adds Alkaligenes makes the microorganism 1 * 10 that contains Alkaligenes in every gram organic farming soil as functional agriculture microbial preparation
7Individual, turning stirs, and after heap temperature was cooled to normal temperature, pulverizing and making particle diameter was that the mixture of 1.5mm carries out ageing;
(3), ageing: with particle diameter is that the mixture of 1.5mm is positioned over shady and cool place and stacks and carried out ageing on 45th, can according to circumstances carry out turning between aging period.Making moisture content after the ageing is 30%(w/w), carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N) is 25 organic farming soil.The no stink of the organic farming that is prepared into soil, fluffy, promptly, can loose naturally and roll into a ball with after holding tense-lax and opening, the rate of dispeling of germ, worm's ovum, grass-seed is 99.2% in the cultivating soil, color is a sorrel.
Embodiment 6
The preparation method is with embodiment 1:
(1), the pre-treatment of raw material
The processing of a, garden mould: garden mould is selected brown soil for use, gets 5m
3Moisture is 30%(w/w) the brown soil that dries in the shade, be crushed to particle diameter 0.5mm sieve the back standby;
The processing of b, waste organisms: waste organisms is selected oil meal for use, with 5m
3The moisture of oil meal is adjusted to 60%(w/w), carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N) is 50, get pile up in heaps, turning every day once, can suitably add water during turning, make heap body water ratio 50%(w/w), the waste organisms compost when the heap body core temperature reaches 50 ± 2 ℃, standby;
(2), mixed fermentation: get the waste organisms 5m after the processing
3With 0.1m
3Garden mould after sieving mixes, and blending ratio is 1:0.02(v/v), and to adjust mixture moisture be 60%(w/w), pile up in heaps, fermentation.When compost fermentation heap body core temperature reaches 50 ± 2 ℃, add garden mould behind the sieve identical again with the garden mould volume of adding first.Each add sieve back garden mould after, all needs water content is adjusted to 60%(w/w), pile up in heapsly again, continue to ferment, and keep new heap body core temperature and rise to 50 ± 2 ℃.Repeat above step 3 ten times, reach 1:0.6(v/v until waste organisms compost and the ratio of sieving the back garden mould) till, the volume of heap body is 8m
3Treat newly to pile body core temperature then and rise to 70 ℃, keep 72h.When heap temperature is cooled to 30 ± 2 ℃, the microorganism that adds Agrobacterium makes the microorganism 1 * 10 that contains Agrobacterium in every gram organic farming soil as functional agriculture microbial preparation
8Individual, turning stirs, and after heap temperature was cooled to normal temperature, pulverizing and making particle diameter was that the mixture of 1.5mm carries out ageing;
(3), ageing: with particle diameter is that the mixture of 1.5mm is positioned over shady and cool place and stacks and carried out ageing on 40th, can according to circumstances carry out turning between aging period.Making moisture content after the ageing is 30%(w/w), carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N) is 25 organic farming soil.The no stink of the organic farming that is prepared into soil, fluffy, promptly, can loose naturally and roll into a ball with after holding tense-lax and opening, the rate of dispeling of germ, worm's ovum, grass-seed is 99.5% in the cultivating soil, color is a tawny.
Embodiment 7
The preparation method is with embodiment 1:
(1), the pre-treatment of raw material
The processing of a, garden mould: garden mould is selected grey desert soil for use, gets 5m
3Moisture is 30%(w/w) the grey desert soil that dries in the shade, be crushed to particle diameter 0.5mm sieve the back standby;
The processing of b, waste organisms: waste organisms is selected oil meal for use, with 5m
3The moisture of oil meal is adjusted to 60%(w/w), carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N) is 50, get pile up in heaps, turning every day once, can suitably add water during turning, make heap body water ratio 50%(w/w), the waste organisms compost when the heap body core temperature reaches 50 ± 2 ℃, standby;
(2), mixed fermentation: get the waste organisms 5m after the processing
3With 0.1m
3Garden mould after sieving mixes, and blending ratio is 1:0.02(v/v), and to adjust mixture moisture be 60%(w/w), pile up in heaps, fermentation.When compost fermentation heap body core temperature reaches 50 ± 2 ℃, add garden mould behind the sieve identical again with the garden mould volume of adding first.Each add sieve back garden mould after, all needs water content is adjusted to 60%(w/w), pile up in heapsly again, continue to ferment, and keep new heap body core temperature and rise to 50 ± 2 ℃.Repeat above step 3 15 times, reach 1:0.7(v/v until waste organisms compost and the ratio of sieving the back garden mould) till, the volume of heap body is 8.5m
3Treat newly to pile body core temperature then and rise to 70 ℃, keep 72h.When heap temperature is cooled to 30 ± 2 ℃, the microorganism that adds chromobacterium makes the microorganism 1 * 10 that contains chromobacterium in every gram organic farming soil as functional agriculture microbial preparation
6Individual, turning stirs, and after heap temperature was cooled to normal temperature, pulverizing and making particle diameter was that the mixture of 1.5mm carries out ageing;
(3), ageing: with particle diameter is that the mixture of 1.5mm is positioned over shady and cool place and stacks and carried out ageing on 40th, can according to circumstances carry out turning between aging period.Making moisture content after the ageing is 30%(w/w), carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N) is 25 organic farming soil.The no stink of the organic farming that is prepared into soil, fluffy, promptly, can loose naturally and roll into a ball with after holding tense-lax and opening, the rate of dispeling of germ, worm's ovum, grass-seed is 99.5% in the cultivating soil, color is a tawny.
Embodiment 8
The preparation method is with embodiment 1:
(1), the pre-treatment of raw material
The processing of a, garden mould: garden mould selects for use soil property just to educate soil, gets 5m
3Moisture is 30%(w/w) the soil property of drying in the shade just educate soil, be crushed to particle diameter 0.9mm sieve the back standby;
The processing of b, waste organisms: waste organisms is selected feces of livestock and poultry, stalk, rice chaff for use according to 1:1:1(v/v) mixed mixture, with 5m
3The moisture of waste organisms is adjusted to 60%(w/w), carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N) is 50, get pile up in heaps, turning every day once, can suitably add water during turning, make heap body water ratio 50%(w/w), the waste organisms compost when the heap body core temperature reaches 50 ± 2 ℃, standby;
(2), mixed fermentation: get the waste organisms 5m after the processing
3With 0.1m
3Garden mould after sieving mixes, and blending ratio is 1:0.02(v/v), and to adjust mixture moisture be 60%(w/w), pile up in heaps, fermentation.When compost fermentation heap body core temperature reaches 50 ± 2 ℃, add garden mould behind the sieve identical again with the garden mould volume of adding first.Each add sieve back garden mould after, all needs water content is adjusted to 60%(w/w), pile up in heapsly again, continue to ferment, and keep new heap body core temperature and rise to 50 ± 2 ℃.Repeat above step 2 ten times, reach 1:0.4(v/v until waste organisms compost and the ratio of sieving the back garden mould) till, the volume of heap body is 7m
3Treat newly to pile body core temperature then and rise to 60 ℃, keep 72h.When heap temperature is cooled to 30 ± 2 ℃, the microorganism that adds arbuscular mycorrhiza genus, bacillus, Rhodopseudomonas, Flavobacterium makes in every gram organic farming soil and contains microorganism 1 * 10 as functional agriculture microbial preparation
6Individual, turning stirs, and after heap temperature was cooled to normal temperature, pulverizing and making particle diameter was that the mixture of 1.5mm carries out ageing;
(3), ageing: with particle diameter is that the mixture of 1.5mm is positioned over shady and cool place and stacks and carried out ageing on 40th, can according to circumstances carry out turning between aging period.Making moisture content after the ageing is 30%(w/w), carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N) is 25 organic farming soil.The no stink of the organic farming that is prepared into soil, fluffy, promptly, can loose naturally and roll into a ball with after holding tense-lax and opening, the rate of dispeling of germ, worm's ovum, grass-seed is 99% in the cultivating soil, color is a beige.
Embodiment 9
The preparation method is with embodiment 1:
(1), the pre-treatment of raw material
The processing of a, garden mould: garden mould is selected alfisol, tierras, red bauxite, half alfisol for use according to 1:1:1:1(v/v) mixed mixture, get 5m
3Moisture is 30%(w/w) the garden mould that dries in the shade, be crushed to particle diameter 0.7mm sieve the back standby;
The processing of b, waste organisms: waste organisms is selected bacterium rod, fallen leaves beta pruning, oil meal for use according to 1:1:1(v/v) mixed mixture, with 5m
3The moisture of waste organisms is adjusted to 60%(w/w), carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N) is 50, get pile up in heaps, turning every day once, can suitably add water during turning, make heap body water ratio 50%(w/w), the waste organisms compost when the heap body core temperature reaches 50 ± 2 ℃, standby;
(2), mixed fermentation: get the waste organisms 5m after the processing
3With 0.1m
3Garden mould after sieving mixes, and blending ratio is 1:0.02(v/v), and to adjust mixture moisture be 60%(w/w), pile up in heaps, fermentation.When compost fermentation heap body core temperature reaches 50 ± 2 ℃, add garden mould behind the sieve identical again with the garden mould volume of adding first.Each add sieve back garden mould after, all needs water content is adjusted to 60%(w/w), pile up in heapsly again, continue to ferment, and keep new heap body core temperature and rise to 50 ± 2 ℃.Repeat above step 2 15 times, reach 1:0.5(v/v until waste organisms compost and the ratio of sieving the back garden mould) till, the volume of heap body is 7.5m
3Treat newly to pile body core temperature then and rise to 60 ℃, keep 72h.When heap temperature is cooled to 30 ± 2 ℃, the microorganism that adds Alkaligenes, Agrobacterium, chromobacterium makes the microorganism 1 * 10 that contains chromobacterium in every gram organic farming soil as functional agriculture microbial preparation
6Individual, turning stirs, and after heap temperature was cooled to normal temperature, pulverizing and making particle diameter was that the mixture of 1.5mm carries out ageing;
(3), ageing: with particle diameter is that the mixture of 1.5mm is positioned over shady and cool place and stacks and carried out ageing on 40th, can according to circumstances carry out turning between aging period.Making moisture content after the ageing is 30%(w/w), carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N) is 25 organic farming soil.The no stink of the organic farming that is prepared into soil, fluffy, promptly, can loose naturally and roll into a ball with after holding tense-lax and opening, the rate of dispeling of germ, worm's ovum, grass-seed is 99.3% in the cultivating soil, color is a sorrel.
Embodiment 10
The preparation method is with embodiment 1:
(1), the pre-treatment of raw material
The processing of a, garden mould: garden mould selects for use pedocal, brown soil, grey desert soil, soil property just to educate soil according to 1:1:1:1(v/v) mixed mixture, get 5m
3Moisture is 30%(w/w) the garden mould that dries in the shade, be crushed to particle diameter 0.7mm sieve the back standby;
The processing of b, waste organisms: waste organisms is selected the fallen leaves beta pruning for use, with 5m
3The moisture of waste organisms is adjusted to 60%(w/w), carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N) is 50, get pile up in heaps, turning every day once, can suitably add water during turning, make heap body water ratio 50%(w/w), the waste organisms compost when the heap body core temperature reaches 50 ± 2 ℃, standby;
(2), mixed fermentation: get the waste organisms 5m after the processing
3With 0.1m
3Garden mould after sieving mixes, and blending ratio is 1:0.02(v/v), and to adjust mixture moisture be 60%(w/w), pile up in heaps, fermentation.When compost fermentation heap body core temperature reaches 50 ± 2 ℃, add garden mould behind the sieve identical again with the garden mould volume of adding first.Each add sieve back garden mould after, all needs water content is adjusted to 60%(w/w), pile up in heapsly again, continue to ferment, and keep new heap body core temperature and rise to 50 ± 2 ℃.Repeat above step 2 15 times, reach 1:0.5(v/v until waste organisms compost and the ratio of sieving the back garden mould) till, the volume of heap body is 7.5m
3Treat newly to pile body core temperature then and rise to 60 ℃, keep 72h.When heap temperature is cooled to 30 ± 2 ℃, the microorganism that adds Alkaligenes, Agrobacterium, chromobacterium makes the microorganism 1 * 10 that contains chromobacterium in every gram organic farming soil as functional agriculture microbial preparation
6Individual, turning stirs, and after heap temperature was cooled to normal temperature, pulverizing and making particle diameter was that the mixture of 1.5mm carries out ageing;
(3), ageing: with particle diameter is that the mixture of 1.5mm is positioned over shady and cool place and stacks and carried out ageing on 40th, can according to circumstances carry out turning between aging period.Making moisture content after the ageing is 30%(w/w), carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N) is 25 organic farming soil.The no stink of the organic farming that is prepared into soil, fluffy, promptly, can loose naturally and roll into a ball with after holding tense-lax and opening, the rate of dispeling of germ, worm's ovum, grass-seed is 99.6% in the cultivating soil, color is a sorrel.
Claims (5)
1. organic farming soil, it is characterized in that: the moisture content of this cultivating soil is 15～30%(w/w), carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N) is 15～25, the rate of dispeling 〉=99% of germ, worm's ovum, grass-seed.
2. the preparation method of the described organic farming soil of claim 1, it is characterized in that: this method is to utilize the waste organisms composting fermentation pliotherm period, worm's ovum and the processing of weed eradication seed are sterilized, dispeled to soil, three parts of pre-treatment, mixed fermentation, ageing that comprise raw material, the pre-treatment of raw material comprises the processing of garden mould and the processing of waste organisms, and concrete preparation method is as follows:
(1), the pre-treatment of raw material
The processing of a, garden mould: water intaking is divided into≤30%(w/w) the garden mould that dries in the shade, and it is standby to be crushed to particle diameter≤1mm back of sieving;
The processing of b, waste organisms: waste organisms moisture is adjusted to 40%～60%(w/w), carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N) is 35～50, pile up in heaps, turning every day once, make heap body water ratio 〉=40%(w/w), the waste organisms compost when the heap body core temperature reaches 50 ± 2 ℃, standby;
(2), mixed fermentation: with the waste organisms compost earlier with sieve after garden mould with 1:0.02(v/v) mixed, and adjustment mixture moisture is 40%～60%(w/w), pile up in heaps, fermentation, when compost fermentation heap body core temperature reaches 50 ± 2 ℃, add garden mould behind the sieve identical more in batches with the garden mould volume of adding first; Behind the garden mould of each adding sieve back, all water content is adjusted to 40%～60%(w/w), again pile up in heaps, continue fermentation, and keep new heap body core temperature and rise to 50 ± 2 ℃, till the ratio of waste organisms compost and sieve back garden mould reaches 1:0.1～0.7(v/v), treat newly to pile body core temperature then and rise to 50 ℃～70 ℃, keep 48 ~ 72h; When heap temperature is cooled to 30 ± 2 ℃, add functional agriculture microbial preparation, make in every gram organic farming soil and contain functional agriculture microbial preparation 1 * 10
6～1 * 10
8Individual, turning stirs, and after heap temperature is cooled to normal temperature, pulverizes the mixture that makes particle diameter≤2mm and carries out ageing;
(3), ageing: the mixture of particle diameter≤2mm is positioned over shady and cool place stacks and carried out ageing on the 30th～45; The organic farming soil that makes after the ageing, moisture content are 15～30%(w/w), and carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N) is 15～25.
3. the preparation method of organic farming soil according to claim 2 is characterized in that: described garden mould is selected from alfisol, tierras, red bauxite, half alfisol, pedocal, brown soil, grey desert soil, soil property and just educates soil or their mixture.
4. the preparation method of organic farming soil according to claim 2 is characterized in that: described waste organisms is selected from feces of livestock and poultry, stalk, bacterium rod, rice chaff, fallen leaves beta pruning, oil meal or their mixture.
5. the preparation method of organic farming soil according to claim 2 is characterized in that: described functional agriculture microbial preparation is selected from the microorganism of arbuscular mycorrhiza genus, bacillus, Rhodopseudomonas, Flavobacterium, Alkaligenes, Agrobacterium, chromobacterium or their mixture.
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| CN110963833A (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2020-04-07 | 张松洋 | Preparation method of special substrate for potted fruits and vegetables |
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