CN102172340B - 液体分配单元以及具有该单元的吸收体制品 - Google Patents

液体分配单元以及具有该单元的吸收体制品 Download PDF

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CN102172340B
CN102172340B CN201110090290XA CN201110090290A CN102172340B CN 102172340 B CN102172340 B CN 102172340B CN 201110090290X A CN201110090290X A CN 201110090290XA CN 201110090290 A CN201110090290 A CN 201110090290A CN 102172340 B CN102172340 B CN 102172340B
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铃木磨
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Daio Paper Corp
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Abstract

提供一种液体分配单元及具有该分配单元的吸收体制品,液体分配单元被接触配置在吸收体制品的相对穿着者来说位于最内侧的液透性片中贴靠上述穿着者一侧的表面上,上述液体分配单元具有在相对其表面下垂的方向上延伸的多个液体分配通路,上述液体分配单元具有使供给其表面的液体通过上述液体分配通路沿上述表面片的表面宽范围地均匀分割及分流的功能。

Description

液体分配单元以及具有该单元的吸收体制品
本申请是中国专利申请02805152.1号(对应于PCT国际申请PCT/JP02/01419)的分案申请。 
技术领域
本发明涉及一种适用于幼儿及成人用尿布、女性用生理用品或医用血液吸收体等吸收体制品,并改善其吸收体性能的液体分配单元。本发明还涉及制造该液体分配单元的方法。 
背景技术
一般广为使用的吸收体制品主要被开发用于尿的处理。对这种吸收体制品,要求能对应由于穿着者的体位、水分摄取状态、身体状况等各种原因而产生的变化,例如,能对应穿着体位、所排出的尿的量、质或排出速度等排出状态的变化。为可靠对应这些变化,需要给吸收体制品付与超过通常使用条件下所需的有富裕量的大面积和有富裕量的容量。另一方面,从穿着者的舒适程度考虑,要求吸收体制品尽量薄且紧凑。 
具有这种富裕量的吸收体制品,从吸收效率方面考虑时是效率极差的吸收体,也不是穿着者的舒适要求方面所希望的。为了改善吸收体制品的面积效率和容量效率,在使吸收体尽量薄且紧凑的同时,控制所排出的液体的流动状况也是很重要的。即,在结构设计上需要做到能把排出液引向吸收体的希望吸收位置,并使排出液均匀地分配在吸收体全部表面上。这些种种考虑要求开发出使吸收体制品的吸收体更薄更紧凑,同时具有上述要求性能的吸收体制品。 
关于吸收体自身的紧凑化,至今已有许多提案。例如,专利第 3090266号公报公开的具有多相构造的多功能片状吸收体,该片状吸收体由三种成分构成,即,以高吸水性树脂为主成分的吸收层、支持上述高吸水性树脂的无纺布基材、以及粘接上述高吸水性树脂相互间和上述高吸水性树脂与上述无纺布基材的粘接剂成分,其特征是,上述无纺布基材由无纺布构成,该无纺布具有由扩散层(P)和拦截(アクイジシヨン)层(Q)构成的多层结构,其中,扩散层(P)由亲水性相对高的高密度纤维层组成,拦截层(Q)由亲水性相对低的低密度纤维层组成,在上述片状吸收体的表面上可相互区分地分布吸收区域相(A)相和扩散-拦截区域相(B),其中,吸收区域相(A)由上述吸收层和支撑它的上述无纺布基材构成,扩散-拦截区域相(B)中基本不存在上述高吸水性树脂,主要只由上述无纺布基材构成。 
特开2000-232985号公报记载的片状吸收体,是在表面片(top sheet)和底层片(back sheet)之间夹放有吸收片的一次性失禁衬垫,所使用的吸收片具有把颗粒状高分子吸收体通过微纤维状微细纤维结合而成的吸收层,和支撑该吸收层的片状支撑体,其中,颗粒状高分子吸收体具有特定网眼,片状吸收体使用特定厚度及刚性柔软度的吸收体。 
专利第2872851号公报公开的是具有液透性表面材料、液保持性吸收体和非液透性防漏材料的吸收性物品,其特征是,上述吸收体的一部分或全部由吸收聚合物构成,该吸收聚合物是利用涂敷成点状、直线状或曲线状的粘接剂把吸收片粘合在吸收材料上而形成的,上述粘接剂的180°剥离粘接力(JIS C2107)是500g以上4000g以下,涂敷后的上述粘接剂的占有面积是10%以上70%以下。 
另外,在超薄型吸收体制品上开始使用的片状吸收体,通过用干法形成浆粕的所谓气流铺置(エアレイド)方式把高分子吸收体高浓度混合,再利用热熔融性粘接剂结合成一体而形成的。 
但是,使用上述片状吸收体的吸收体制品和以往制品比确实又薄 又紧凑,可是从效率上讲还需要进一步做很大改善。 
作为使排出液有效吸收到薄型吸收体上的手段,以往是用蓬松的无纺布作为扩散片、分配片、移送片或拦截片添加到薄型吸收体上。它们的共同出发点是以利用采用了构成纤维间的毛细管的液扩散现象为基础。另外,还进行了以下尝试,把实施了用来只暂时捕获液的表面亲水处理的泡沫塑料和蓬松开口薄膜,设置在顶层片和吸收体之间,或设在吸收体内。 
本发明是从连接体液排出口,把纯粹的机械式液分配机构导入到吸收体制品上的尝试中导出的。 
发明的公开 
本发明的目的是,提供一种可以把穿着者排出的液体分配到吸收体表面的分配单元。 
本发明的液体分配单元被接触配置在吸收体制品中相对穿着者来说位于最内侧的液透性片的贴靠上述穿着者一侧的表面上,其特征是, 
上述液体分配单元具有在相对其表面下垂的方向上延伸的多个液体分配通路,上述液体分配单元使供给其表面的液体沿上述表面片的表面进行分割及分流。 
液体分配单元可以具有多个开口,和从该开口向上述吸收体主体表面延伸的导入管,也可以把通过该导入管来自上述开口的上述液体引向上述吸收体主体的表面。 
各开口的开口面近似椭圆时的长轴至少为0.5mm,短轴最大为10mm,其开口率为10%以上90%以下,其开口数优选每100cm2中至少200个。 
导入管的长度优选0.50mm以上5mm以下。 
导入管形成其开口面一侧的入口直径大、出口直径小的漏斗状比较有利。 
液体分配单元可以由厚10μm以上100μm以下的热塑性薄膜构成。 
上述液体分配单元可以是通过用亲水化剂处理其表面而改善了润湿性的物品,此时,来自上述开口的液的移动性得到了改善。 
吸收体主体具有相互层叠的多个片状吸收体,上述液体分配单元可以具有露出于位于最上层的上述片状吸收体上的部分、和为达到位于该最上层的片状吸收体下层的片状吸收体而延伸的部分。 
另外,本发明还提供具有上述液体分配单元的吸收体制品。该吸收体制品具有:在穿着状态下位于穿着者身体内侧的液透性表面片;位于该表面片外侧的非液透性片;和吸收体,该吸收体的构成要素包括以夹放在上述表面片和上述非液透性片之间的高吸水性树脂为主成分的吸收体主体,上述液体分配单元被配置在穿着者和上述吸收体主体之间。 
所使用的吸收体主体优选含有至少50重量%以上的高吸水性树脂。 
在该液体分配单元上还可以配置液透性无纺布。 
相对表面片的总面积,上述液体分配单元所占的面积比率优选5%以上50%以下,并且部分被配置成至少具有10cm2以上的面积。 
可以仅在部分配置的上述液体分配单元上再配置液透性无纺布。 
另外,可以在液体分配单元的下面配置拦截层或扩散层。为了使液的分配更广地扩散到表面部,也可以根据情况在液体分配单元的下面配置非液透性片,部分地阻挡分配单元的出口。 
吸收体主体可以使用由无纺布基材和高吸水性树脂及微小纤维状纤维素组成的片状吸收体构成的物品。 
或者,吸收体主体也可以由用所谓气流铺置法获得的木浆和高吸水性树脂及结合材料组成的片状吸收体构成。 
吸收体主体具有300cc以上的保有吸收量,在以10分钟间隔测定3次每100cc的吸收速度时,吸水速度均为60秒以下,3次的偏差为30秒以下的吸收体主体是适合的。 
片状吸收体可以以具有被折弯成横截面Z状的形状、仅在该片状吸收体上面的中央配置液体分配单元的形式来使用。 
附图的简单说明 
图1是将本发明的一实施方式的液体分配单元切去一部分时的立体图。 
图2是图1所示液体分配单元的部分纵向截面图。 
图3是本发明的液体分配单元的液体分配原理说明图。 
图4是在本发明的液体分配单元和置于其下的吸收体之间产生的液体分配机理的说明图。 
图5是图4中的V所示部分的放大图。 
图6是表示本发明的其他实施方式的液体分配单元的一部分的立体图。 
图7是表示适用于本发明的液体分配单元的管部分的形状的纵向 截面图。 
图8是表示组合在吸收体主体上的形式各不相同的本发明的液体分配单元的平面配置图。 
图9是概略表示具有液体分配单元的本发明的吸收体制品的吸收体部分的纵向截面图。 
图10是概略表示各不相同的现有吸收体制品的吸收体部分的纵向截面图。 
图11是表示适用于本发明的吸收体制品的吸收体主体构成例的宽度方向上的纵向截面图。 
图12是表示适用于本发明的吸收体制品的吸收体主体的其他构成例的宽度方向上的纵向截面图。 
图13是表示在吸收体主体上结合本发明的液体分配单元时的结合部分的互不相同的结合形式的平面图。 
图14是表示组合了本发明的液体分配单元的另外其他形式的吸收体的立体图。 
图15是图12的吸收体的纵向截面图。 
实施发明的最佳方式 
以下,参照附图详细说明本发明的液体分配单元。 
图1表示本发明的液体分配单元的一例的模式图。液体分配单元100具有:有多个开口的非液透性片11,和在从该非液透性片11的表面下垂的方向上延伸的多个管状导入管12。为了简略说明,在图1中,在非液透性片11上形成有多个圆形开口13,内径和该开口13的直径基本相等的导入管12被配置成使其轴心与开口13的中心一致的状态,并在该状态下连接非液透性片11的下面。液体分配通路20由该开口13和导入管12的中心孔形成。 
图2表示图1所示的液体分配单元100的一部分的放大截面图,其中,用t表示非液透性片11的厚度,用Φ表示开口13的直径,用H 表示导入管12的长度。 
下面,说明本发明的液体分配单元分配液体的机理。 
本发明中的术语“液体分配”的意义是,如图3所示,从上部入口流入的液体流A从下部出口流出时,被机械分割成多个液体流A1、A2、A3…An而排出的现象。 
如图4及放大表示其一部分的图5所示,分割后的液体流A1~An冲击吸收体S的表面,根据其流动量及速度,进一步被分割为被吸收体S吸收的液体流B1及B2…Bn,和沿表面溢出到空隙P的液体流C1及C2…Cn。另外,溢出到在液体分配单元100和吸收体S的表面上形成的高H、宽L的空间P内的液体流,以D1所示流向被吸收体S所吸收。 
这样,液体流A在形成分割后的液体流A1、A2、A3…An的同时,进一步被分割为B1、B2…Bn、C1、C2…Cn、及D1、D2…Dn多个液体流,形成被高度细分的液体流并供给吸收体S。结果,不规则地排出的液按照机械分配效果形成受控制的细流,可以有效利用吸收体S的整个表面,不会产生由于分配效果而使吸收体表面急速扩展,并使仅吸收体S的一部分产生局部膨润的状况。付与这种均匀的表面扩散效果,对具有薄且容量大而吸收速度慢的特性的、含有高比率的高吸水性树脂(SAP)的吸收体是非常重要的。 
从上述说明可以得知,本发明的液体分配单元为了发挥所期望的功能,需要以下基本条件。 
(1)为了分配液体,分配单元需要具有保有一定液量的能力。为此,使液体分配单元与位于其下面的表面片的表面之间具有图5所示的高H、宽L的空间容积的大小合适是很重要的。 
(2)需要具有使液从开口移动,并将其导入吸收体表面的导入功能。 
(3)需要有隔开开口和表面片的隔开距离(相当于导入管的长度H)。 
(4)邻接的导入管彼此间需要具有空隙(P)。该空隙在没有导入管的结构,例如在厚片上设有开口的结构中,由于未产生该空隙,所以不能获得本发明设定的功能。在导入管越细、其长度(H)越长时,该空隙也越大。 
(5)为了获得维持形状稳定性,即液体分配单元接受到穿着者的体重等荷重时也不变形、不破坏的特性,液体分配单元使用的非液透性片具有一定厚度是很重要的。虽然也依赖于构成该非液透性片的材料,但优选至少具有10μm以上、更优选20μm以上的厚度。 
参照图2进行叙述,导入管12的横截面形状为圆形时,直径φ的值为0.5mm以上,优选1mm~10mm,其长度H为0.5mm以上,优选1mm~10mm,非液透性片的厚度t为10μm以上,优选20μm~200μm。 
构成本发明的液体分配单元的材料如果是以往用作拦截层、扩散层的无纺布等整体具有吸收性的材料,由于材料自身吸收液体,所以不能用于本发明的液分配。材料自身应是尽量不保有液体的非液透性材料为好。另外,如果一方是金属板,虽然形态稳定性和分配效果都好,但由于刚性过高,所以很难适用于吸收体制品。热塑性薄膜或其和无纺布的接合体,例如,PE、PP、PET、EVA、MA、MMA等热塑性合成树脂单体或共混物的单层薄膜;PE/PP、PE/PET、低熔点PET/PET、EVA/PE等共同挤出(co-extrusion)薄膜;或上述单层薄膜和共同挤出薄膜、纺粘法无纺布、热粘法无纺布、薄绢等无纺布的接合体。薄膜厚度为10μm以上,过厚时会引发开口部的成型性等问题,所以优选在100μm以下。另外,为了减少表面的残液,以及改良维持表面润湿性,允许进行表面亲水处理,为了使来自开口的液容易移动 有时更希望进行该处理。作为亲水化剂,采用涂敷阴离子系、阳离子系、或非离子系表面活性剂,或者向原料聚合物自身中混合PEG等亲水性成分来付与亲水性等方法。 
为了在工业上能够生产这种构造物,例如,优选采用下述方法中的任一种。 
(1)使用模型从成型机直接挤出塑料来成型分配单元的方法。该方法需要制作不产生毛刺和表面伤痕的柔软成形体。 
(2)在由具有一定程度刚性的塑料细丝构成的网上通过热成形来形成凹凸的方法。该成形物的凹部具有开口功能,凸部具有导入管功能。此时,网的网眼大小应能使液体充分漏出,例如,适用40mesh(目数)~100mesh。 
(3)利用热成形在无孔塑料薄膜上成形深凹坑,通过机械处理或进一步进行热处理使凹坑底部形成开口的方法。 
(4)在塑料薄膜上挖出深的压花槽,一面加热一面使纵横方向延伸,并进一步扩大直到槽底产生开口的方法。 
(5)在内部被减压后的多孔圆筒中导入处于加热状态的塑料薄膜,一面向薄膜提供热气一面进行抽吸,在形成与圆筒口径相适应的开口的同时,获得附带了与多孔圆筒的厚度相适应的导入管的成形体的方法。 
用上述方法(4)或(5)获得的液体分配单元的开口形状及配置例如图6所示。 
为了有效地对液进行细分割,适当控制成为液入口的开口状态是很重要的。 
开口状态用开口形状、开口数、开口率(开口面积比)等来表现。 
开口形状可以是圆形、椭圆形、方形、长方形、四边形、六边形等任一形状,关于开口的大小,如果过小会使液的移动效率变差,而过大又会使液的分割效果变差。 
开口形状近似椭圆形时,如果长轴不足0.5mm,则表面张力起作用,会阻碍液体通过。优选大小为1.0mm以上。另一方面,如果过大,虽然液体的通过性变好,但分割效果变差,所以短轴最大为10mm,优选最大5mm。 
开口数对分割的影响很大。每单位面积的开口数少时,需要扩大各开口的开口面积,基于上述理由会使分割效率变差。因此,开口数为每100cm2至少200个,优选至少500个。 
开口率用分配单元的总面积为100时的开口面积来表示。0%表示没有开口。开口率优选10%以上,更优选90%以下。不足10%时会使液的移动速度过慢,而超过90%时难以保持开口体的形态,所以优选范围是20%~80%。 
以上说明的是导入管具有圆形横截面的圆筒状的场合,本发明也可以适用圆筒状以外的导入管。图7(A)、图7(B)、图7(C)表示几例。图7(A)所示的导入管12a是其直径在连接非液透性片11开口的端部小、在朝向较远侧的端部逐渐变大的圆锥梯形,图7(B)所示的导入管12b的形状和图7(A)的导入管12a上下相反。图7(C)所示的导入管12c是从上端到其长度的大约一半的位置直径均等的圆筒,但其下面部分是圆锥梯形,在圆锥梯形的空间中设有圆锥形嵌入件12d,液体通路在该部分是环状。 
虽然可以使用这些各种形状的导入管,但更多场合时为了容易制作,优选使用具有液体逆流少这一优点的图7(B)所示形状。 
导入管的长度(H)是决定通路容积的重要因素,优选较长的导入管,另一方面,由于蓬松会给吸收体制品的整体容积带来影响,所以要适当选择。导入管长度(H)优选0.5mm以上10mm以下,更优选1.0mm~5mm。 
本发明的液体分配单元被安装在吸收体制品上,形成覆盖吸收体的面向穿着者皮肤侧的表面(以下称为“上面”)全部或一部分的状态。许多吸收体制品的吸收体上面用对以PE、PP、PET等合成纤维为主成分的无纺布进行亲水化加工后的液透性疏水片(即顶层片)覆盖,本发明的液体分配单元优选配置在该表面片上面即最表面上。没有顶层片,拦截层为最表面时,配置在该拦截层上。片状吸收体的基材有时具有顶层片和拦截效果,所以配置液分配单元时应使其直接接触吸收体。但是,如果用适宜方式使表面片和液体分配单元密切接触并接合,即使配置在表面片的正下面位置时,也形成实质上接近皮肤的状态,所以包含在本发明的范围内。 
本发明的液体分配单元的功能是控制体液的分配,所以配置时需要接近体液排出口,但如果有充分覆盖该排出口部分的面积即足够,不需要覆盖吸收体制品的全部大面积。假定是整体用表面片覆盖的吸收体,即使吸收体大时,若能覆盖表面片的一半(50%)已足够多,考虑到制品的经济性,超过该程度时完全是浪费。但是,至少需要覆盖3%左右,具体说需要覆盖吸收体制品的面积10cm2以上。 
这样,液体分配单元需要使排出的体液尽量直接接触该分配单元,所以接近体液排出口是很重要的。因此,其所在位置需要根据男士用、女士用、大人用、小孩用等用途适宜进行改变。 
表1表示吸收速度相对分配单元在最表面上的所占面积而产生变化的测定结果,该分配单元是使用トレドガ一公司制开口薄膜(商品名“X-27373”、厚1184μm)构成的。测定是通过从口径2mm的喷 嘴供给100ml生理盐水,测定其吸收时间来进行的。液分配单元和吸收体主体的位置关系是按后述图9所示配置进行实验的。从表1的结果可以看出,未设有分配单元的系统是170秒,与此相对,设置了分配单元的系统的吸收时间约缩短到了大约1/5以下。另外,还判明如果液体分配单元的覆盖面积在20cm2以上,占有面积即使大得超过该程度时,对吸收速度也基本没有影响。此外,健康的婴儿和健康的大人的尿的排出速度是每100ml为60秒以下,作为吸收体制品考虑时,整体吸收能力如果用保有吸收量来考虑时,一般要设计成具有300ml以上的保有吸收量,对于吸收速度来说缩短为每100ml 60秒以下、优选40秒以下是很重要的。 
该实验结果也是说明本发明的分配单元是基于不同于所谓拦截效果的机理而发明的证据。 
表1分配单元的占有面积与吸收速度 
本发明中使用仅覆盖吸收体表面片整个表面的一部分的面积的液体分配单元时,根据目标性能或使用形式等诸条件来改变其平面形状。图8(A)~图8(E)示例了几种形状。这些图中,标号30表示吸收体制品的吸收体主体,在其顶层片上配置本发明的液体分配单元100。图8(A)的例中,液体分配单元100是纵向长的长方形,图8(B)的例中,液体分配单元100是横向长的长方形。液体分配单元100可以成为图8(C)所示椭圆形,图8(D)所示三角形,图8(E)所示凸 形等各种形式。 
具有本发明的液体分配单元的吸收体制品的吸收体部分基本上具有吸收体主体和配置在其上的液体分配单元。吸收体主体可以是具有由高吸水性树脂和木浆的层叠体与覆盖它的覆盖片构成的普通结构,优选高吸水性树脂含量高的结构。优选具有支撑片和以由其表面支撑的高吸水性树脂为主成分的吸收体层的无木浆层极薄片状吸收体。所谓主成分是指在与吸收相关的总成分重量中占50%以上、优选60~90%的状态。 
图9表示具有这种吸收体主体40和液体分配单元100的吸收体制品的吸收体部分的结构,为了简略,省略了底层片和捆束单元等其他附带要素。在该实施方式中,吸收体主体40中配置有第1片状吸收体43和第2片状吸收体46,其中,第1片状吸收体43具有液透性支撑片41和相互平行地配置在其下侧表面上的带状吸收层42,第2片状吸收体46配置在第1片状吸收体43下面,并在支撑片44的下面设有高吸水性树脂45。该吸收体主体40具有配置在第1片状吸收体43上面的顶层片47,在其上配置有液体分配单元100。 
液体分配单元100是面积比吸收体主体40的面积300cm2小很多多的约50cm2的长方形,如图8(A)所示,被置于吸收体主体40的大约中央部位。 
对图9所示的具有本发明的液体分配单元的吸收体制品的吸收性能,和3种对比试样进行了测试比较。其结果如表2所示。 
各比较试样的结构如图10(A)、图10(B)、图10(C)所示。试样No.1具有从本发明吸收体制品中去除液体分配单元100后的图10(A)的结构,试样No.2具有图10(B)的结构,在顶层片47和吸收体主体40之间设置由气流铺置无纺布构成的拦截层110,用以取代液 体分配单元100,试样No.3具有图10(C)的结构,在顶层片47和吸收体主体40之间跨越整个表面设置由热粘法无纺布构成的拦截层120,用以取代液体分配单元100。 
表2 
Figure BSA00000471260100141
本发明的液体分配单元的设置面积尽管小,为50cm2,但具有与整面配置的现行拦截材料同等以上的吸收速度促进效果。特别判明的是,以往的结构如果重叠2次、3次,吸收速度会大幅度降低,而如果使用本发明的液体分配单元,即使重叠3次也基本没有变化。 
根据上述测定结果可以得知,具有本发明的液体分配单元的吸收体制品可以提高其吸收性能,同时能够大幅度降低整体厚度。 
图11是适用于本发明的吸收体制品的其他例的吸收体主体40结构的宽度方向上的纵截面图,为了简略,省略了吸收体制品的底层片和捆束单元等其他附带要素。在该例中,第1片状吸收体43具有液透性支撑片41和相互平行地配置在其下侧表面上的带状吸收层42,第2片状吸收体46配置在第1片状吸收体43下方,并在支撑片44的下面设有高吸水性树脂45。第1片状吸收体43比第2片状吸收体46宽,从第2片状吸收体46的两边缘向外侧延伸的两侧部具有被折弯成横截面为Z状的形状。液体分配单元被配置在吸收体主体40宽度方向中央,位于第1片状吸收体43的上面。 
在该结构中,从上方供给吸收体主体40的液通过液体分配单元100被分流、分配,在第1片状吸收体43表面的广泛区域被急速吸收,进而被第2片状吸收体46吸收。设在第1片状吸收体侧部的Z状部分随吸收而膨润并增大,作为侧岸(サイドバンク)具有防止向侧部泄漏的作用。 
图12所示的结构是,第1片状吸收体43由略微细长的中央部分43a和位于其两侧的一对细长两侧部分43b构成,这些部分被配置在第2片状吸收体46上,并与液体分配单元100进行组合。在该例中,液体分配单元100的宽度和吸收体主体40基本相同,在其宽度方向的中央,位于第1片状吸收体43的上方,但其两侧通过第1片状吸收体43和第2片状吸收体43b之间向第2片状吸收体43b的下方延伸。另外,该例在液体分配单元100上配置顶层片47。 
在该结构中,从上方供给吸收体主体40的液通过液体分配单元100被分流、分配,在第1片状吸收体43表面的广泛区域被急速吸收,同时通过液体分配单元100被引向第2片状吸收体43b的下方,而且基本同时被第2片状吸收体46吸收,所以特别适合在短时间内处理大量液的小孩用尿布等吸收体结构。另外,分配单元的横宽需要加宽,但纵宽可以狭小。 
以何种形式使表面层上的液体分配单元与顶层片和直接吸收体进行结合,会给液体分割效果带来影响,所以很重要。例如,如果用热熔融进行整体结合时,必须避免分配口的堵塞。图13(A)、图13(B)、图13(C)、图13(D)表示分别在不同部分把基本为长方形的液体分配单元100结合到吸收体主体30的表面片上时的例子。图13(A)所示的试样S-1是利用热封在结合部101跨越液体分配单元100的四边整体进行结合,图13(B)所示的试样S-2是在结合部101仅结合液体分配单元100的两个长边,图13(C)所示的试样S-3是仅结合液体分配单元100的两个短边,图13(D)所示的试样S-4是在结合部101仅结合液体分配单元100的四个角。 
对这种结合状态的差异给吸收体的吸收性能带来的影响进行了调查实验。实验是用和前述相同的方法,通过对各试样测定100ml液的吸收时间来进行的,其结果如表3所示。 
表3分配单元的固定方法和液体吸收时间 
    S-1   S-2   S-3   S-4
  吸收速度(秒)   58   42   38   30
四边全部结合的试样S-1即使液被分配后,其纵、横方向的分配效果仅停留在分配单元面积内,随后从吸收体主体30的表面向内部转移,所以吸收用了58秒,但是仅局部固定四个角的试样S-4由于四边有出口,所以在纵、横方向上也向分配单元外扩散,用30秒就完成了吸收。当然,不使用液体分配单元的试样用了150秒~180秒,即使将所有边缘接合时,设置液体分配单元的效果也大。但是,需要注意性能会因固定形式而发生变化。另外,通过用液体分配单元的下面出口控制吸收体表面的液转移,也可以改变表面扩散状态。即,通过用非液透性片部分阻挡分配单元下面,可以改变吸收体的吸收部位。 
图14及表示其截面的图15表示的例的构成是,对放置在160mm×250mm的吸收体30上的100mm×100mm的液体分配单元100,用厚30μm的PE薄膜构成的非液透性片50仅覆盖其中心部50mm×80mm的部分,阻挡该部分向吸收体30的转移。这样,液向更广的表面扩散后被吸收体30吸收,对均匀利用吸收体整体时很有效果。 
在图14及图15的示例中,用粘接剂把PE薄膜的非液透性片50接合在液体分配单元100的下面,但也可以接合在吸收体30一侧或未图示的表面片上。通过把用于部分阻挡液体的非液透性片50,例如PE、PP、尼龙、PET等薄膜、或SMS等耐水性无纺布、或暂时具有耐水性但不溶化的水溶性PVA薄膜等物品,准备成与液体分配单元100的面积相适应的适宜面积及形状,并在适宜位置进行组合,从而可以自由控制流出液体的流动方向和状态。 
以上说明的本发明的液体分配单元利用通过多个液体分配通路进行的机械分配效果,使不规则地排出在其表面的体液沿着位于其下方的吸收体的表面片表面进行分割及分流。这样,液体形成受控制的细流并向吸收体表面急速扩散,可以有效利用吸收体的吸收能力,不会产生仅吸收体的一部分局部吸收膨润的情况。 
另外,具有上述的液体分配单元的本发明的吸收体制品可以最大限度地发挥所使用的吸收体的吸收能力,实现作为吸收体制品的性能的提高。 
发明效果 
根据本发明的液体分配单元,可以改善幼儿用及成人用尿布、女士用生理用品或医用血液吸收体等的吸收体制品的吸收性能,所以可以大批量生产这些吸收体制品,并被广泛使用。 

Claims (16)

1.一种吸收体制品,其中,
具有:液透性表面片,
相对于吸收体制品的穿着者身体位于所述表面片外侧的第一非液透性片,
介于所述表面片和所述第一非液透性片之间、具有体液吸收性的吸收体,和
以与所述表面片、所述吸收体或所述吸收体上的拦截层的表面接触的方式配置的液体分配单元,
配置部分阻挡所述液体分配单元的下面的第二非液透性片,从而阻挡液体向所述第二非液透性片下的所述吸收体的移动,
所述液体分配单元具有:具有多个开口的非液透性片,和从所述多个开口在相对所述非液透性片下垂的方向上延伸的多个导入管,
在所述多个导入管间形成有空隙,
所述多个导入管将被供给至所述非液透性片的液体分割后排出,
分割后的液体通过流入所述空隙被进一步分割,并从所述空隙排出。
2.如权利要求1所述的吸收体制品,其中,所述开口的开口率为10%~90%,其开口数为每100cm2至少200个。
3.如权利要求1所述的吸收体制品,其中,所述导入管是其出口直径小于入口直径的漏斗状。
4.如权利要求1所述的吸收体制品,其中,所述导入管的长度是0.50mm~10mm。
5.如权利要求1所述的吸收体制品,其中,所述液体分配单元由厚10μm~100μm的热塑性薄膜构成。
6.如权利要求1所述的吸收体制品,其中,所述液体分配单元通过用亲水化剂处理其表面改善了润湿性,从而改善了来自所述开口的液体的移动性。
7.如权利要求1~6中任一项所述的吸收体制品,其中,所述吸收体具有相互层叠的多个片状吸收体,所述液体分配单元具有露出于位于最上层的所述片状吸收体上的部分,和以达到位于该最上层的片状吸收体下层的片状吸收体的方式延伸的部分。
8.如权利要求1~6中任一项所述的吸收体制品,其中,所述吸收体含有至少50重量%的高吸水性树脂。
9.如权利要求1~6中任一项所述的吸收体制品,其特中,在所述液体分配单元上还配置有液透性无纺布。
10.如权利要求1~6中任一项所述的吸收体制品,其中,所述液体分配单元的面积至少为10cm2,并且相对于所述表面片的总面积所述液体分配单元所占的面积比率选择为5%~50%的值,由此所述液体分配单元以部分覆盖所述表面片的方式配置。
11.如权利要求1~6中任一项所述的吸收体制品,其中,所述液体分配单元仅在所述表面片的表面的一部分上部分配置,并且仅在所述液体分配单元上配置有液透性无纺布。
12.如权利要求1~6中任一项所述的吸收体制品,其中,在所述液体分配单元的下面配置有扩散层。
13.如权利要求1~6中任一项所述的吸收体制品,其中,所述吸收体具有300cc以上的保有吸收量,并且以10分钟间隔测定3次每次100cc的吸收速度时,其吸水速度均为60秒以下,且3次的偏差为30秒以下。
14.如权利要求1~6中任一项所述的吸收体制品,其中,所述吸收体由作为无纺布基材、高吸水性树脂、微小纤维状纤维素中任意一种的片状吸收体构成。
15.如权利要求1~6中任一项所述的吸收体制品,其中,所述吸收体由选自由用气流铺置法获得的木浆和高吸水性树脂及结合材料组成的组的片状吸收体构成。
16.如权利要求1~6中任一项所述的吸收体制品,其中,所述吸收体由所述片状吸收体构成,所述片状吸收体具有两侧部被折弯成横截面为Z状的形状,所述液体分配单元仅在该片状吸收体上面的中央配置。
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US20040087927A1 (en) 2004-05-06
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US7935861B2 (en) 2011-05-03
ATE495722T1 (de) 2011-02-15
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EP1374817B1 (en) 2011-01-19

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