CN102172191B - Method for rapidly increasing survival rate of artificially-restored poplar in arid desert area - Google Patents

Method for rapidly increasing survival rate of artificially-restored poplar in arid desert area Download PDF

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CN102172191B
CN102172191B CN2011100254184A CN201110025418A CN102172191B CN 102172191 B CN102172191 B CN 102172191B CN 2011100254184 A CN2011100254184 A CN 2011100254184A CN 201110025418 A CN201110025418 A CN 201110025418A CN 102172191 B CN102172191 B CN 102172191B
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diversiform
leaved poplar
root system
water
poplar
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CN102172191A (en
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黄湘
陈亚宁
李卫红
马建新
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Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography of CAS
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Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography of CAS
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Abstract

The invention relates to a method for rapidly increasing the survival rate of an artificially-restored poplar in an arid desert area. In the method, by means of soil suction, transpiration pulls and capillary actions of plants and the hydrotropism (a feedback mechanism of root system water induction) of the root system development of the poplar, the water evaporation waste is furthest reduced, vertical downward and horizontal development rates of a poplar root system are accelerated and the water and environment resource obtaining capacity of the artificially-restored poplar is also improved, therefore, the purpose of promoting the rapid survival of the artificially-restored poplar seedling in the arid desert area is achieved; therefore, the survival rate of the artificially-restored poplar is increased in the arid desert area with precipitation amount of less than 100 mm, evaporation capacity of more than 2000 mm and larger groundwater depth of 3-4 m, and adverse succession after artificial auxiliary measures are cancelled is avoided.

Description

A kind of fast method that improves arid desert district manual reversion diversiform-leaved poplar survival rate
Technical field
The present invention relates to improve the technology of arid desert district manual reversion vegetation survival rate, be specifically related to improve the fast method of arid desert district manual reversion diversiform-leaved poplar survival rate.
Background technology
Diversiform-leaved poplar is more ancient seeds, and it is economical for the evolution of studying Asia and Africa desert district climatic variation, river transition, flora and ancient times, cultural development all has important scientific value.Diversiform-leaved poplar mainly relies on diving or river inundation water to earn a bare living.Naturally the diversiform-leaved poplar seed that lands, condition is suitable, can germinate in 3 days, grows up to seedling, preferably in the environment, can form century-old high megaphanerophyte in moisture, soil condition; In arid, barren soil, then develop into short-lived shrub, and be easy to lose the chance of growing.Tarim River basin diversiform-leaved poplar woods area is 29.8 ten thousand hm2, accounts for 60%~80% of Xinjiang diversiform-leaved poplar woods, also is one of the most concentrated area of diversiform-leaved poplar distribution in the world, and this is unique in area, arid desert, the world! Over nearly 50 years; Because the water resources development and utilization of Tarim River basin hard intensity; Marked change has taken place in basin water environment and nature ecological process, and particularly downstream are had a strong impact on Desert Riparian Forest ecosystem general layout and the structure that the diversiform-leaved poplar woods is the main body, ecosystem serious degradation.In order to save and progressively to recover the natural vegetation of being at death's door in downstream, carry out urgent ecological water delivery downstream, from calendar year 2001; Tarim River basin management board builds water delivery dyke 229km along the river course, middle reaches long; Changed the natural fluvial processes in river course, natural river course is by artificial canalization, and the moisture condition on former riverbank changes; It is arid that the habitat also becomes thereupon, and the natural development growth of diversiform-leaved poplar seedling itself is difficult to realize.
Traditional surface flooding irrigation or irrigate along the plantation irrigation canals and ditches that often to have water resource utilization efficiency low, the serious drawback of waste of evapotranspiring, in addition, conventional along the many degree of depth that can only have influence on 30-80cm under the face of land of surface irrigation, the ground moistening peak mainly concentrates on the 30-50cm place.Because the hydrotropism of diversiform-leaved poplar root system, the root system of its new growth is often sought the water growth and is floated on the top layer.And the arid in Xinjiang and extreme drought district bury of groundwater are many below 3 meters; Underground water has influence on more than the subterranean water level 2 meters soil horizon through the also multipotency of capillary force; This diversiform-leaved poplar seedling that just makes in the manual reversion of desert district is being cancelled man-made irrigation and is assisting under the condition that reaches the shortage natural precipitation, is difficult to be embodied as in a short time field planting alive.
Consider the natural conditions of arid desert district manual reversion diversiform-leaved poplar; And consider the economy and the technical feasibility of novel technical method; Utilize transpiration pull and the capillarity of soil suction, plant; Make moisture get into soil,, thereby guarantee to be issued to the purpose of root system infiltrating irrigation in minimum evaporation situation by the root system of plant utilization along the infiltrating irrigation conduit.Simultaneously; Utilize in the diversiform-leaved poplar root system development process to the water characteristic, in vertical direction, the vertical depth of wetted soil of soil is constantly deepened with the diversiform-leaved poplar root growth; Thereby reach the ladder degree of depth and induce the diversiform-leaved poplar root system development; Make the diversiform-leaved poplar seedlings root be in the moisture induction state, quicken the growth vertically downward of arid desert district manual reversion diversiform-leaved poplar root system, so that its root system reaches the soil horizon of influence on groundwater as early as possible; In the horizontal direction; Change the distance of moisture root system filtration irrigation device and diversiform-leaved poplar root system; Quicken the growth of diversiform-leaved poplar root system horizontal direction, promote the diversiform-leaved poplar root system to occupy more environmental resource, thereby reach the ability that manual reversion diversiform-leaved poplar seedling obtains moisture and environmental resource that improves.In addition, reduce high salinity to the coercing and restriction of diversiform-leaved poplar seedling development, promote the growth of diversiform-leaved poplar seedlings root, improve WUEL, thereby reach the purpose that the one-tenth of quick raising diversiform-leaved poplar seedling is lived through adding (commercially available) saline-alkali soil conditioner.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to; A kind of fast method that improves arid desert district manual reversion diversiform-leaved poplar survival rate is provided; This method is utilized hydrotropism's root tissue water status feedback mechanism of inducing just of transpiration pull and capillarity and the diversiform-leaved poplar root system development of soil suction, plant, reduces the water evaporates waste to greatest extent, quicken the diversiform-leaved poplar root system vertically downward with the rate of development of horizontal direction; Increase the acquisition capability of manual reversion diversiform-leaved poplar simultaneously to moisture and environmental resource; Promote the fast rapid-result purpose of living of arid desert district manual reversion diversiform-leaved poplar seedling thereby reach, to improve in precipitation less than 100mm, evaporation discharge is greater than 2000mm; The survival rate of the arid desert district manual reversion diversiform-leaved poplar of bury of groundwater big (3-4m), the reverse succession after avoiding artificial ancillary method to cancel.
A kind of fast method that improves arid desert district manual reversion diversiform-leaved poplar survival rate of the present invention follows these steps to carry out:
A, with the diversiform-leaved poplar seedling planting on the uncovered mobile sand ground in the face of land, the nursery stock spacing in the rows is a 5-10 rice, nursery stock selects for use 1-2 to give birth to the healthy and strong diversiform-leaved poplar seedling of growing directly from seeds;
B, near diversiform-leaved poplar root edges 30-40cm and 80-120cm, make a call to 4 holes that 150cm is dark at the thing both direction respectively with earth boring auger, install respectively and be used for diversiform-leaved poplar root system filtration irrigation device;
Behind c, the manual reversion diversiform-leaved poplar seedling planting to be determined; Water filling in diversiform-leaved poplar root system filtration irrigation device; Water filling is 2-3 time in the diversiform-leaved poplar root system filtration irrigation device of in first growth year, in the dell of diversiform-leaved poplar root edges 30-40cm, fixing; Water filling is 2-3 time in the diversiform-leaved poplar root system filtration irrigation device of in the dell of diversiform-leaved poplar root edges 80-120cm, fixing in second growth year, diversiform-leaved poplar root system horizontal direction is grown get final product.
The described diversiform-leaved poplar root system of step b filtration irrigation device is made up of root system infiltrating irrigation water filling flexible pipe, pvc pipe, suction softwood and multi-functional hole; Bottom seals with pvc pipe (2); Fixing root system infiltrating irrigation water filling flexible pipe (1) on the top cover of pvc pipe (2) has impartial multi-functional hole (4) of arranging on the surface of pvc pipe (2), the softwood (3) that will absorb water penetrates through multi-functional hole (4) respectively; Reserve half outside pvc pipe (2), get final product as moisture infiltrating irrigation conduit.
The diameter in multi-functional hole (4) is 1cm in the described diversiform-leaved poplar root system of the step b filtration irrigation device.
The softwood (3) that absorbs water in the described diversiform-leaved poplar root system of the step b filtration irrigation device is cotton cord or sliver or cloth.
In the water filling of step c, in water, add saline-alkali soil conditioner 4.5g.
A kind of fast method that improves arid desert district manual reversion diversiform-leaved poplar survival rate of the present invention, this method is: one, utilize transpiration pull and the capillarity of soil suction, plant, prepare diversiform-leaved poplar root system filtration irrigation device; Two, to arid desert district manual reversion arbor species diversiform-leaved poplar commonly used; April 1 year living seedling of restore vegetation is planted in the territory, area to be restored; For making full use of root system characteristic distributions in the horizontal direction in the diversiform-leaved poplar growth course, install respectively at diversiform-leaved poplar seedling root edges 30-40cm place and 80-120cm place and to be used for diversiform-leaved poplar root system filtration irrigation device; Three, treat the field planting of manual reversion diversiform-leaved poplar after; Can water filling in diversiform-leaved poplar root system filtration irrigation device; Water filling two to three times near the diversiform-leaved poplar root system filtration irrigation device of root in first growth year; In second growth water filling two to three times year in, to promote the growth of diversiform-leaved poplar root system horizontal direction away from the diversiform-leaved poplar root system filtration irrigation device of root; Four, for promoting the diversiform-leaved poplar seedlings root to grow, alleviate high salinity soil the physiology of diversiform-leaved poplar growth of seedling is coerced, when water filling, in water, add saline-alkali soil conditioner 4.5g; Five, for preventing that the water filling flexible pipe from stopping up and water evaporates, with getting final product in the water filling flexible pipe knotting shallow embedding ground of exposure outside diversiform-leaved poplar root system filtration irrigation device.
A kind of fast method that improves arid desert district manual reversion diversiform-leaved poplar survival rate of the present invention, its characteristics are:
The present invention is directed to the arbor diversiform-leaved poplar seedling with certain drought resistance of arid and the artificial after-culture in extreme arid desert district; Through transpiration pull and the capillarity that makes full use of soil suction, plant; The diversiform-leaved poplar seedlings root of quickening field planting and the edaphic time of getting in touch of influence on groundwater reach artificially carries out moisture to root system and induces; Improve recovery diversiform-leaved poplar root system and obtain moisture and the ability of other environmental resources and the rate of development of underground root system, probability thereby the one-tenth of raising manual reversion diversiform-leaved poplar seedling under abominable natural conditions is lived.
Compare with the conventional householder method of existing arid desert district's manual reversion vegetation; Can extremely hang down under the darker natural conditions of precipitation, very big evaporation discharge and bury of groundwater; With low Financial cost; The method of high-tech operability improves the purpose of the survival rate of arid desert district manual reversion diversiform-leaved poplar, avoids the reverse succession in manual reversion diversiform-leaved poplar later stage.
When water filling, with adding saline-alkali soil conditioner in the water, the patent No. of this saline-alkali soil conditioner is ZL00105747.2 saline-alkali soil conditioner, is the commercially available prod in the method for the invention.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a diversiform-leaved poplar root system filtration irrigation device structural representation of the present invention
Fig. 2 is a diversiform-leaved poplar root system filtration irrigation device cutaway view of the present invention
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
On the uncovered mobile sand ground in the face of land, the nursery stock spacing in the rows is 5 meters with the diversiform-leaved poplar seedling planting, and nursery stock selects for use 1-2 to give birth to the healthy and strong diversiform-leaved poplar seedling of growing directly from seeds, and guarantees that root is long, leading thread and height (about 50cm) on the ground, root system not damaged, splitting;
Near diversiform-leaved poplar root edges 30cm and 80cm (concrete distance can according to seedling root length), make a call to 4 holes that 150cm is dark at the thing both direction respectively with earth boring auger, install respectively and be used for diversiform-leaved poplar root system filtration irrigation device; Imbed diversiform-leaved poplar root system filtration irrigation device in the hole respectively; The top of device flushes with ground, and root system infiltrating irrigation water filling flexible pipe is stayed on the ground surface, and this device is made up of root system infiltrating irrigation water filling flexible pipe, pvc pipe, suction softwood and multi-functional hole; Bottom seals with pvc pipe 2; Fixing root system infiltrating irrigation water filling flexible pipe 1 on the top cover of pvc pipe 2, on the surface of pvc pipe 2, having the impartial diameter of arranging is the multi-functional hole 4 of 1cm, the softwood 3 of will absorbing water penetrates through multi-functional hole 4 respectively for cotton cord; Reserve half outside pvc pipe 2, get final product as moisture infiltrating irrigation conduit;
Behind the manual reversion diversiform-leaved poplar seedling planting to be determined; Water filling in diversiform-leaved poplar root system filtration irrigation device; May in first growth year; September is through root system infiltrating irrigation water filling flexible pipe 1 water filling 2 times in the fixing diversiform-leaved poplar root system filtration irrigation device in the dell of diversiform-leaved poplar root edges 30cm;, water will be exposed at after filling with in the root system infiltrating irrigation water filling flexible pipe 1 knotting shallow embedding face of land on the ground surface; The cotton cord suction softwood 3 that water 5 in the root system filtration irrigation device penetrates through multi-functional hole 4 sucks water, and being reserved in pvc pipe 2 outer suction softwood 3 cotton cords can induce the diversiform-leaved poplar root system to grow to the soil deep thereby reach with the water 5 that sucks as the stepped water supply of moisture infiltrating irrigation conduit appearance in vertical direction; May in second growth year; September is through root system infiltrating irrigation water filling flexible pipe 1 water filling 2 times in the fixing diversiform-leaved poplar root system filtration irrigation device in the dell of diversiform-leaved poplar root edges 80cm; Diversiform-leaved poplar root system horizontal direction is grown;, water will be exposed at after filling with in the root system infiltrating irrigation water filling flexible pipe 1 knotting shallow embedding face of land on the ground surface; The cotton cord suction softwood 3 that water 5 in the root system filtration irrigation device penetrates through multi-functional hole 4 sucks water; Being reserved in outer suction softwood 3 cotton cords of pvc pipe 2 can induce the diversiform-leaved poplar root system to grow to the soil deep thereby reach with the water 5 that sucks as the stepped water supply of moisture infiltrating irrigation conduit appearance in vertical direction, quickens the diversiform-leaved poplar root system and influence on groundwater is edaphic gets in touch.
In whole growth in year,,, promote that the diversiform-leaved poplar shoot root is the quick growth of biomass, when water filling, with adding (commercially available) saline-alkali soil conditioner 4.5g in the water for alleviating high salinity to the coercing of diversiform-leaved poplar seedlings root along with the diversiform-leaved poplar growth of seedlings is grown.
Embodiment 2:
On the uncovered mobile sand ground in the face of land, the nursery stock spacing in the rows is 8 meters with the diversiform-leaved poplar seedling planting, and nursery stock selects for use 1-2 to give birth to the healthy and strong diversiform-leaved poplar seedling of growing directly from seeds, and guarantees that root is long, leading thread and height (about 50cm) on the ground, root system not damaged, splitting;
Near diversiform-leaved poplar root edges 35cm and 100cm (concrete distance can according to seedling root length), make a call to 4 holes that 150cm is dark at the thing both direction respectively with earth boring auger, install respectively and be used for diversiform-leaved poplar root system filtration irrigation device; Imbed diversiform-leaved poplar root system filtration irrigation device in the hole respectively; The top of device flushes with ground, and root system infiltrating irrigation water filling flexible pipe is stayed on the ground surface, and this device is made up of root system infiltrating irrigation water filling flexible pipe, pvc pipe, suction softwood and multi-functional hole; Bottom seals with pvc pipe 2; Fixing root system infiltrating irrigation water filling flexible pipe 1 on the top cover of pvc pipe 2, on the surface of pvc pipe 2, having the impartial diameter of arranging is the multi-functional hole 4 of 1cm, the softwood 3 of will absorbing water penetrates through multi-functional hole 4 respectively for sliver; Reserve half outside pvc pipe 2, get final product as moisture infiltrating irrigation conduit;
Behind the manual reversion diversiform-leaved poplar seedling planting to be determined; Water filling in diversiform-leaved poplar root system filtration irrigation device; May in first growth year; September is through root system infiltrating irrigation water filling flexible pipe 1 water filling 3 times in the fixing diversiform-leaved poplar root system filtration irrigation device in the dell of diversiform-leaved poplar root edges 35cm;, water will be exposed at after filling with in the root system infiltrating irrigation water filling flexible pipe 1 knotting shallow embedding face of land on the ground surface; The sliver suction softwood 3 that water 5 in the root system filtration irrigation device penetrates through multi-functional hole 4 sucks water, and being reserved in pvc pipe 2 outer suction softwood 3 slivers can induce the diversiform-leaved poplar root system to grow to the soil deep thereby reach with the water 5 that sucks as the stepped water supply of moisture infiltrating irrigation conduit appearance in vertical direction; May in second growth year; September is through root system infiltrating irrigation water filling flexible pipe 1 water filling 3 times in the fixing diversiform-leaved poplar root system filtration irrigation device in the dell of diversiform-leaved poplar root edges 100cm; Diversiform-leaved poplar root system horizontal direction is grown;, water will be exposed at after filling with in the root system infiltrating irrigation water filling flexible pipe 1 knotting shallow embedding face of land on the ground surface; The sliver suction softwood 3 that water 5 in the root system filtration irrigation device penetrates through multi-functional hole 4 sucks water; Being reserved in outer suction softwood 3 slivers of pvc pipe 2 can induce the diversiform-leaved poplar root system to grow to the soil deep thereby reach with the water 5 that sucks as the stepped water supply of moisture infiltrating irrigation conduit appearance in vertical direction, quickens the diversiform-leaved poplar root system and influence on groundwater is edaphic gets in touch.
In whole growth in year,,, promote that the diversiform-leaved poplar shoot root is the quick growth of biomass, when water filling, with adding (commercially available) saline-alkali soil conditioner 4.5g in the water for alleviating high salinity to the coercing of diversiform-leaved poplar seedlings root along with the diversiform-leaved poplar growth of seedlings is grown.
Embodiment 3:
On the uncovered mobile sand ground in the face of land, the nursery stock spacing in the rows is 10 meters with the diversiform-leaved poplar seedling planting, and nursery stock selects for use 1-2 to give birth to the healthy and strong diversiform-leaved poplar seedling of growing directly from seeds, and guarantees that root is long, leading thread and height (about 50cm) on the ground, root system not damaged, splitting;
Near diversiform-leaved poplar root edges 40cm and 120cm (concrete distance can according to seedling root length), make a call to 4 holes that 150cm is dark at the thing both direction respectively with earth boring auger, install respectively and be used for diversiform-leaved poplar root system filtration irrigation device; Imbed diversiform-leaved poplar root system filtration irrigation device in the hole respectively; The top of device flushes with ground, and root system infiltrating irrigation water filling flexible pipe is stayed on the ground surface, and this device is made up of root system infiltrating irrigation water filling flexible pipe, pvc pipe, suction softwood and multi-functional hole; Bottom seals with pvc pipe 2; Fixing root system infiltrating irrigation water filling flexible pipe 1 on the top cover of pvc pipe 2, on the surface of pvc pipe 2, having the impartial diameter of arranging is the multi-functional hole 4 of 1cm, the softwood 3 of will absorbing water penetrates through multi-functional hole 4 respectively for cloth; Reserve half outside pvc pipe 2, get final product as moisture infiltrating irrigation conduit;
Behind the manual reversion diversiform-leaved poplar seedling planting to be determined; Water filling in diversiform-leaved poplar root system filtration irrigation device; May in first growth year; September is through root system infiltrating irrigation water filling flexible pipe 1 water filling 3 times in the fixing diversiform-leaved poplar root system filtration irrigation device in the dell of diversiform-leaved poplar root edges 40cm;, water will be exposed at after filling with in the root system infiltrating irrigation water filling flexible pipe 1 knotting shallow embedding face of land on the ground surface; The cloth suction softwood 3 that water 5 in the root system filtration irrigation device penetrates through multi-functional hole 4 sucks water, and being reserved in pvc pipe 2 outer suction softwood 3 cloths can induce the diversiform-leaved poplar root system to grow to the soil deep thereby reach with the water 5 that sucks as the stepped water supply of moisture infiltrating irrigation conduit appearance in vertical direction; May in second growth year; September is through root system infiltrating irrigation water filling flexible pipe 1 water filling 3 times in the fixing diversiform-leaved poplar root system filtration irrigation device in the dell of diversiform-leaved poplar root edges 120cm; Diversiform-leaved poplar root system horizontal direction is grown;, water will be exposed at after filling with in the root system infiltrating irrigation water filling flexible pipe 1 knotting shallow embedding face of land on the ground surface; The cloth suction softwood 3 that water 5 in the root system filtration irrigation device penetrates through multi-functional hole 4 sucks water; Being reserved in outer suction softwood 3 cloths of pvc pipe 2 can induce the diversiform-leaved poplar root system to grow to the soil deep thereby reach with the water 5 that sucks as the stepped water supply of moisture infiltrating irrigation conduit appearance in vertical direction, quickens the diversiform-leaved poplar root system and influence on groundwater is edaphic gets in touch.
In whole growth in year,,, promote that the diversiform-leaved poplar shoot root is the quick growth of biomass, when water filling, with adding saline-alkali soil conditioner 4.5g in the water for alleviating high salinity to the coercing of diversiform-leaved poplar seedlings root along with the diversiform-leaved poplar growth of seedlings is grown.

Claims (4)

1. fast method that improves arid desert district manual reversion diversiform-leaved poplar survival rate is characterized in that following these steps to carrying out:
A, with the diversiform-leaved poplar seedling planting on the uncovered mobile sand ground in the face of land, the nursery stock spacing in the rows is a 5-10 rice, nursery stock selects for use 1-2 to give birth to the healthy and strong diversiform-leaved poplar seedling of growing directly from seeds;
B, near diversiform-leaved poplar root edges 30-40cm and 80-120cm; Make a call to 4 holes that 150cm is dark at the thing both direction respectively with earth boring auger, installation is used for diversiform-leaved poplar root system filtration irrigation device respectively, and wherein diversiform-leaved poplar root system filtration irrigation device is made up of root system infiltrating irrigation water filling flexible pipe, pvc pipe, suction softwood and multi-functional hole; Bottom seals with pvc pipe (2); Fixing root system infiltrating irrigation water filling flexible pipe (1) on the top cover of pvc pipe (2) has impartial multi-functional hole (4) of arranging on the surface of pvc pipe (2), the softwood (3) that will absorb water penetrates through multi-functional hole (4) respectively; Reserve half outside pvc pipe (2), get final product as moisture infiltrating irrigation conduit;
Behind c, the manual reversion diversiform-leaved poplar seedling planting to be determined; Water filling in diversiform-leaved poplar root system filtration irrigation device; Water filling is 2-3 time in the diversiform-leaved poplar root system filtration irrigation device of in first growth year, in the dell of diversiform-leaved poplar root edges 30-40cm, fixing; Water filling is 2-3 time in the diversiform-leaved poplar root system filtration irrigation device of in the dell of diversiform-leaved poplar root edges 80-120cm, fixing in second growth year, diversiform-leaved poplar root system horizontal direction is grown get final product.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the diameter in multi-functional hole (4) in the described diversiform-leaved poplar root system of the step b filtration irrigation device is 1cm.
3. method according to claim 2, the softwood (3) that it is characterized in that absorbing water in the described diversiform-leaved poplar root system of the step b filtration irrigation device is cotton cord or sliver or cloth.
4. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that in the water filling of step c, in water, adds standing grain health saline-alkali soil conditioner 4.5g.
CN2011100254184A 2011-01-24 2011-01-24 Method for rapidly increasing survival rate of artificially-restored poplar in arid desert area Expired - Fee Related CN102172191B (en)

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CN102972258A (en) * 2012-12-18 2013-03-20 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 Moisture adjusting method capable of promoting populus diversifolia propagation
CN103875503B (en) * 2014-01-16 2015-09-02 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 A kind of method improving extreme arid desert region diversiform-leaved poplar shoot transplanting survival rate
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