CN102165619B - 高功率应用nbt基无铅压电材料 - Google Patents
高功率应用nbt基无铅压电材料 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102165619B CN102165619B CN200980137883.8A CN200980137883A CN102165619B CN 102165619 B CN102165619 B CN 102165619B CN 200980137883 A CN200980137883 A CN 200980137883A CN 102165619 B CN102165619 B CN 102165619B
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 98
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 42
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 26
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 16
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 15
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 10
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- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal Natural products CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical class [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 6
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- OCKGFTQIICXDQW-ZEQRLZLVSA-N 5-[(1r)-1-hydroxy-2-[4-[(2r)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-methyl-1-oxo-3h-2-benzofuran-5-yl)ethyl]piperazin-1-yl]ethyl]-4-methyl-3h-2-benzofuran-1-one Chemical compound C1=C2C(=O)OCC2=C(C)C([C@@H](O)CN2CCN(CC2)C[C@H](O)C2=CC=C3C(=O)OCC3=C2C)=C1 OCKGFTQIICXDQW-ZEQRLZLVSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910003237 Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
揭示式xNamBinTiO3-yKmBinTiO3-zLimBinTiO3-pBaTiO3,其中,(0<x≤1)、(0≤y≤1)、(0≤z≤1)、(0.3≤m≤0.7)、(0.3≤n≤0.7)、(0<p≤1)、(0.9≤m/n≤1.1)的压电化合物,以及其掺杂变化,该材料适合于高功率应用。
Description
技术领域
本申请主张于2008年9月26日提出申请的美国临时专利申请案第61/194,461号的优先权。
所揭示的发明涉及硬无铅压电材料。
背景技术
硬PZT铁电材料,例如,PZT4以及PZT8,已经于过去半个世纪中作为高功率应用的支柱。然而,在电子装置中PZT型态陶瓷里的铅含量却是个有关环保的问题。举例而言,欧盟正在提出对于来自电气及电子设备的废弃物的指令,以及对于有害物质以及寿命终了运输工具的限制。美国以及日本被预期会发布类似的环境规章。因此,有需要发展无铅压电陶瓷来取代铅基材料。
无铅陶瓷化合物可归类为三种主要型态,其所有都具有ABO3钙钛矿式:(1)BaTiO3(“BT”),(2)K0.5Na0.5NbO3(“KNN”),以及(3)Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3(“NBT”)。然而,这些化合物不是展现出低TC(≤120℃),就是显现出低压电活性,多个多型相变,以及限制其效用的去极化温度。这些化合物的各种特性显示于表I中。表I中,KCN为K4CuNb8O23,以及MPB为准同型相界(Morphotropic Phase Boundary)。
表I无铅压电体的介电特性和压电特性。
无铅陶瓷化合物,例如,NBT与K0.5Bi0.5TiO3(“KBT”)、NBT-KBT-BT、NBT-KBT与Li0.5Bi0.5TiO3(“LBT”)的固态溶液展现出类似于PZT与弛豫-PT系统的准同型相界。然而,NBT-KBT、NBT-KBT-BT以及NBT-KBT-LBT展示出的非极性反铁电相变温度却是低于会限制其使用温度范围的TC,如KNN—LiNbO3(“KNN-LN”)、KNN—LiTaO3(“KNN-LT”)、KNN—LiSbO3(“KNN-LS”)以及KNN—Sr(Ba)TiO3的无铅陶瓷化合物具有比得上硬PZT陶瓷化合物的压电特性。然而,这些KNN型态无铅化合物却展示出低机械品质因数Q以及在正交-四方多型相变中由大约200℃至大约室温的温度飘移,此多型相变由于特性变化而显著地限制其效用。
因此,存在能避开现有技术的Pb(ZrxTi1-x)O3(“PZT”)压电陶瓷的有毒铅及现有技术与无铅压电陶瓷的缺点的高效能无铅压电陶瓷材料的需求。
发明概述
在此所揭示的NBT基压电材料,相较于PZT4以及PZT8,通常拥有大约高于5kV/cm的高的内部偏磁场,以及大约高于700的高的机械品质因数。NBT基材料具有通式xNamBinTiO3-yKmBinTiO3-zLimBinTiO3-pBaTiO3,其中,(0<x≤1),优选(0.3≤x≤0.95),更优选(0.3≤x≤0.8),(0≤y≤1),优选(0≤y≤0.7),更优选(0≤y≤0.2),(0≤z≤1),优选(0≤z≤0.5),更优选(0≤z≤0.2);(0.3≤m≤0.7),优选(0.4≤m≤0.6),更优选(0.45≤m≤0.55);(0.3≤n≤0.7),优选(0.4≤n≤0.6),更优选(0.45≤n≤0.55);(0<p<1),优选(0<p≤0.2),更优选(0<p≤0.1);(x+y+z+p=1)、(0.9≤m+n≤1.1)以及(0.9≤m/n≤1.1)的NBT基材料可以藉由各种受体掺杂剂(单掺杂剂,多掺杂剂)进行修饰,以具有自大约-50℃至大约200℃的广泛温度使用范围,NBT基压电化合物的低密度,大约5.8g/cc,相对于大约7.6g/cc的PZT压电化合物,使得NBT基压电化合物能够获得高声速。
相较于现有技术的硬PZT压电化合物,NBT基压电化合物拥有改善的“硬化”效果,并且,可被用来取代含铅压电材料,例如,PZT4以及PZT8。
NBT基压电化合物是可使用于高功率电子装置(例如,高功率超声波换能器(探针),超声波马达,压电变压器,以及高强度聚焦超声波换能器)中的环境友好材料。
附图说明
图1显示NBT基组合物的组成图;
图2(a)显示压电系数(d33)以及机械品质因数(Qm)相对于BNBK79压电化合物中Mn量的函数图;
图2(b)显示介电常数(K)以及介电损耗(tanδ)相对于BNBK79压电化合物中Mn掺杂量的函数图;
图2(c)显示机电耦合因子(kij)相对于BNBK79压电化合物中Mn掺杂量的函数图;
图3显示实例1G的BNBK79-0.8wt%MnO2压电化合物相较于PZT4以及PZT8的极化滞后现象;
图4显示实例1A的无铅BNBK79以及实例1G的0.8wt%MnO2掺杂BNBK79相较于PZT4以及PZT8的应变滞后现象;
图5a显示在1kHz、10kHz以及100kHz时,介电常数以及介电损耗相对于未掺杂BNBK79压电化合物的温度的函数图;
图5b显示在1kHz、10kHz以及100kHz时,介电常数以及介电损耗相对于0.5wt%MnO2已掺杂BNBK79压电化合物的温度的函数图;
图5c显示在1kHz、10kHz以及100kHz时,介电常数以及介电损耗相对于0.8wt%MnO2已掺杂BNBK79压电化合物的温度的函数图;
图5d显示在1kHz、10kHz以及100kHz时,介电常数以及介电损耗相对于1.0wt%MnO2已掺杂BNBK79压电化合物的温度的函数图;
图6显示实例1G压电化合物的0.8wt%MnO2已掺杂BNBK79在延伸模式与厚度模式中的机电耦合因子;
图7显示相较于PZT4以及PZT8,平面机电耦合因子的变化相对于BNBK79-0.8wt%MnO2压电化合物的温度的函数图;
图8a至图8c显示Co2O3掺杂空位缺陷建构BNKLBT陶瓷的介电行为的温度依赖性;
图9显示Co2O3掺杂空位缺陷建构BNKLBT陶瓷的机电耦合因子,包括厚度耦合kt以及平面耦合kp的温度依赖性,期间展示出非常稳定的温度行为,直到其去极化温度Td为止;以及
图10显示Co2O3掺杂空位缺陷建构BNKLBT陶瓷的机械品质因数Q的温度依赖性,其中,Q数值在室温下大于700,随着温度增加渐渐减少,当温度接近去极化温度Td时,仍会维持大约200的高Q数值。
发明的详述
在第一方面构想中,可以产生落在图1所显示的y≤50%,z≤20%所界定的区域内的未掺杂化合物,这些化合物落在通式(I)xNamBinTiO3-yKmBinTiO3-zLimBinTiO3-pBaTiO3的范围内,其中,(0<x≤1),优选(0.3≤x≤0.95),更优选(0.3≤x≤0.8);(0≤y≤1),优选(0≤y≤0.7),更优选(0<y≤0.2),以及(0≤z≤1),优选(0≤z≤0.5),更优选(0<z≤0.2);(0.3≤m≤0.7),优选(0.4≤m≤0.6),更优选(0.45≤m≤0.55);(0.3≤n≤0.7),优选(0.4≤n≤0.6),更优选(0.45≤n≤0.55);(0<p<1),优选(0<p≤0.2),更优选(0<p≤0.1),(x+y+z+p=1),以及(0.9≤m/n≤1.1)。
可使用的起始材料包括,但不限于K2CO3(纯度99.9%,得自AlfaAesar),Na2CO3(纯度99.9%,得自Alfa Aesar),Li2CO3(纯度99.9%,得自Alfa Aesar),BaCO3(纯度99.9%,得自Alfa Aesar),Bi2O3(纯度99.9%,得自Alfa Aesar),以及TiO2(纯度99.9%,得自Ishihara)。可利用的掺杂源包括,但不限于Al2O3,CoO,Co2O3,Re2O3(其中,R为稀土元素),NiCO3,MnO2,MnCO3,Fe2O3,氟化物及其混合物。掺杂剂具有99.99%或更高的纯度,可得自商用来源,例如,Alfa Aesar。
落在式(I)范围内的压电化合物的制造必须使用于空气中以大约120℃干燥大约10小时至大约20小时以去除湿气的上述起始材料。
已干燥的起始材料会被混合成为在制造未掺杂BNBK型态化合物(例如,xNa0.5Bi0.5TiO3-yK0.5Bi0.5TiO3-zBaTiO3)时使用的混合物。接着,混合物在氧化大气(例如,空气)中进行锻烧,于大约700℃至大约950℃,优选大约800℃至大约900℃,更优选大约850℃至大约880℃,并持续大约0.5小时至大约5小时,优选大约1小时至大约3小时,更优选大约2小时,以产出已锻烧混合物。接着,该已锻烧混合物在低级链烷醇(例如,无水乙醇)中震荡研磨,以产生已研磨材料,该研磨材料具有的颗粒尺寸大约0.5微米至大约3微米,优选大约1微米至大约2微米,更优选大约1微米。
该已研磨材料任选地与至多约2wt.%(根据已研磨材料的重量)的任选的有机粘结剂相混合,以产生已研磨材料组合物。可用的粘结剂包括,但不限于,聚乙烯醇,聚乙烯醇缩丁醛,水性丙烯酸类聚合物乳液(如得自Rohm&Haas的Rhoplex),聚乙烯亚胺及其混合物。该已研磨材料(可选择地与粘结剂组合物一起)以大约3000PSI至大约10000PSI进行压缩,优选大约5000PSI至大约8000PSI,更优选大约5000PSI至大约6000PSI,进而产出预形成物。
加热该预形成物至大约500℃至大约600℃,优选大约350℃至大约550℃,更优选大约500℃至大约550℃,以去除可能存在的粘结剂,并产出生预形成物(green preform),接着,该生预形成物于大约1000℃至大约1250℃进行烧结,优选大约1050℃至大约1150℃,更优选大约1100℃,并持续大约0.5小时至大约5小时,优选大约1小时至大约2小时,更优选大约2小时,以产出已烧结产物。
该已烧结产物的密度典型地会是大约5.0g/cm3至大约5.7g/cm3,优选大约5.7g/cm3,其代表≥95%的理论密度,典型地,已烧结产物会具有钙钛矿型态的结晶结构。
已烧结产品被抛光成为厚度大约0.5mm。所得到的已抛光产物利用火上银(fire-on-silver)浆料(例如,DuPont6160)而进行电极化,以产生已电极化样品。该已电极化样品于大约20℃至大约120℃进行磁极化,优选大约20℃至大约50℃,更优选大约25℃(室温),伴随着电场大约30kV/cm至大约60kV/cm,优选大约40kV/cm至大约50kV/cm,更优选大约40kV/cm,并持续大约3分钟至大约30分钟,优选大约5分钟至10分钟,更优选大约10分钟。
在第二部分的构想中,已掺杂压电化合物的通式(IA)为((xNamBinTiO3-yKmBinTiO3-zLimBinTiO3-pBaTiO3)-rM)(IA),其中,(0<x≤1),优选(0.3≤x≤0.95),更优选(0.3≤x≤0.8);(0≤y≤1),优选(0≤y≤0.7),更优选(0≤y≤0.2),(0≤z≤1),优选(0≤z≤0.5),更优选(0≤z≤0.2);(0<p<1),优选(0<p≤0.2),更优选(0<p≤0.1);(x+y+z+p=1);0.3≤m≤0.7,优选0.4≤m≤0.6,更优选0.45≤m≤0.55;0.3≤n≤0.7,优选0.4≤n≤0.6,更优选0.45≤n≤0.55;以及0.9≤m/n≤1.1,优选0.95≤m/n≤1.05,更优选0.98≤m/n≤1.02,以及(0wt%<r≤5wt%),优选0.2wt%≤r≤2wt%,更优选0.5wt%≤r≤1wt%,其中,r所根据的是落在xNamBinTiO3-yKmBinTiO3-zLimBinTiO3-pBaTiO3(其中,x,y,z,m,n,以及p如上所定义)范围内的化合物的重量,以及M为一掺杂剂,例如,Al2O3,CoO,Co2O3,Re2O3(其中,Re为稀土元素),NiCO3,MnO2,MnCO3,Fe2O3,氟化物及其混合物。
在此第二部分构想中,起始材料会被干燥,并接着被混合成为在制造落在通式(I)范围内的未掺杂化合物时使用的混合物。接着,混合物在氧化大气(例如,空气)中进行锻烧。于大约700℃至大约950℃,优选大约800℃至大约900℃,更优选大约850℃至大约880℃,并持续大约0.5小时至大约5小时,优选大约1小时至大约3小时,更优选大约2小时,以产出已锻烧混合物。接着,该已锻烧混合物与一掺杂剂相混合,以提供适合制造具有通式(IIA)的化合物的已掺杂混合物,并于低级链烷醇(例如,无水乙醇)中震荡研磨,以产生已研磨材料,该已研磨材料具有的颗粒尺寸为大约0.5微米至大约3微米,优选大约1微米至大约2微米,更优选大约1微米。
该已研磨材料可以选择地与量至多约2wt.%(根据已研磨材料的重量)的可选择有机粘结剂相混合,以产生已研磨材料组合物。可用的粘结剂包括,但不限于,聚乙烯醇,聚乙烯醇缩丁醛,水性丙烯酸类聚合物乳液(如得自Rohm&Haas的Rhoplex),聚乙烯亚胺及其混合物。
该已研磨材料组合物以大约3000PSI至大约10000PSI进行压缩,优选大约5000PSI至大约8000PSI,更优选大约5000PSI至大约6000PSI,进而产出预形成物,该预形成物加热至大约500℃至大约600℃,优选大约350℃至大约550℃,更优选大约550℃,以去除可能存在的粘结剂,并产出生预形成物(green preform)。接着,该生预形成物于大约1000℃至大约1250℃进行烧结,优选大约1050℃至大约1150℃,更优选大约1100℃,并持续大约0.5小时至大约5小时,优选大约1小时至大约2小时,优选大约2小时,以产出已烧结产物。
已烧结产品进行抛光,并利用火上银(fire-on-silver)浆料(例如,DuPont6160)而进行电极化,以产生已电极化样品。该已电极化样品于大约20℃至大约120℃进行磁极化,优选大约20℃至大约50℃,更优选大约25℃(室温),伴随着电场大约30kV/cm至大约60kV/cm,优选大约40kV/cm至大约50kV/cm,更优选大约40kV/cm,并持续大约3分钟至大约30分钟,优选大约5分钟至10分钟,更优选大约10分钟。
在第三方面的构想中,化合物的通式(II)为,xNamBinTiO3-yKmBinTiO3-zLimBanTiO3(II),例如,xNa0.5Bi0.5TiO3-yK0.5Bi0.5TiO3-zLi0.5Ba0.5TiO3,其中,(0<x≤1),优选(0.3≤x≤0.95),更优选(0.30≤x≤0.8);(0<y≤1),优选(0<y≤0.7),更优选(0<y≤0.5),(0<z≤1),优选(0<z≤0.5),更优选(0<z≤0.2)(x+y+z=1);0.3≤m≤0.7,优选0.4≤m≤0.6,更优选0.45≤m≤0.55;0.3≤n≤0.7,优选0.4≤n≤0.6,更优选0.45≤n≤0.55;0.9<m+n<1.1以及0.9≤m/n≤1.1,优选0.95≤m/n≤1.05,更优选0.98≤m/n≤1.02。
在此第三部分构想中,已干燥的起始材料,例如,K2CO3,Na2CO3,TiO2,Bi2O3,BaCO3,以及Li2CO3,被混合成为在制造落在通式(II)范围内的未掺杂压电化合物时使用的混合物。接着,混合物在空气中以大约700℃至大约950℃进行锻烧,优选大约800℃至大约900℃,更优选大约850℃至大约880℃,并持续大约0.5小时至大约5小时,优选大约1小时至大约3小时,更优选大约2小时,以产出已锻烧混合物。
接着,该已锻烧混合物于低级链烷醇(例如,无水乙醇)中震荡研磨,以产生已研磨材料,该已研磨材料具有的颗粒尺寸大约0.5微米至大约3微米,优选大约1微米至大约2微米,更优选大约1微米。接着,该已研磨材料选择地与至多约2wt.%(根据已研磨材料的重量)的有机粘结剂相混合,以产生已研磨材料组合物,可用的粘结剂包括,但不限于,聚乙烯醇,聚乙烯醇缩丁醛,水性丙烯酸类聚合物乳液(如得自Rohm&Haas的Rhoplex),聚乙烯亚胺及其混合物。
该已研磨材料组合物(任选地与粘结剂一起)以大约3000PSI至大约10000PSI进行压缩,优选大约5000PSI至大约8000PSI,更优选大约5000PSI至大约6000PSI,进而产出预形成物。接着,该预形成物被加热至大约500℃至大约550℃,优选大约550℃,以去除可能存在的粘结剂,并产出生预形成物(green preform)。接着,该生预形成物于大约1000℃至大约1250℃进行烧结,优选大约1050℃至大约1150℃,更优选大约1100℃,并持续大约0.5小时至大约5小时,优选大约1小时至大约2小时,更优选大约2小时,以产出已烧结产物。
已烧结产品进行抛光,并利用火上银(fire-on-silver)浆料(例如,DuPont6160)而进行电极化,以产生已电极化样品。该已电极化样品于大约20℃至大约120℃进行磁极化,优选大约20℃至大约50℃,更优选大约25℃(室温),伴随着电场大约20kV/cm至大约60kV/cm,优选大约40kV/cm至大约50kV/cm,更优选大约40kV/cm,并持续大约3分钟至大约30分钟,优选大约5分钟至10分钟,更优选大约10分钟。
在第四部分的构想中,已掺杂压电化合物的通式(IIA)为,((xNamBinTiO3-yKmBinTiO3-zLimBanTiO3)-vN),其中,(0<x≤1),优选(0.3≤x≤0.9),更优选(0.30≤x≤0.8);(0<y≤1),优选(0<y≤0.7),更优选(0<y≤0.2),(0<z≤1),优选(0<z≤0.5),更优选(0<z≤0.2);(x+y+z=1),0.3≤m≤0.7,优选0.4≤m≤0.6,更优选0.45≤m≤0.55,0.3≤n≤0.7,优选0.4≤n≤0.6,更优选0.45≤n≤0.55;0.9≤m/n≤1.1,优选0.95≤m/n≤1.05,更优选0.98≤m/n≤1.02;0.9<m+n≤1.1,以及N为掺杂剂,例如,Al2O3,CoO,Co2O3,Re2O3,其中,Re为稀土元素,NiCO3,MnO2,MnCO3,Fe2O3,氟化物及其混合物,并且,(0<v≤5wt%),优选0.2wt%≤v≤2wt%,更优选0.5wt%≤v≤1wt%,其中,v所根据的是落在式xNamBinTiO3-yKmBinTiO3-zLimBanTiO3(其中,x,y,z,m,以及n如上所定义)范围内的化合物的重量。
在此第四部分构想中,起始材料会被干燥,并接着被混合成为在制造落在通式(II)范围内的未掺杂化合物时使用的混合物。接着,混合物在空气中以大约700℃至大约950℃进行锻烧,优选大约800℃至大约900℃,更优选大约850℃至大约880℃,并持续大约0.5小时至大约3小时,优选大约1小时至大约2小时,更优选大约2小时,以产出已锻烧混合物。接着,该已锻烧混合物与一掺杂剂相混合,以提供已掺杂混合物,并于低级链烷醇(例如,无水乙醇)中震荡研磨,以产生已研磨材料,该已研磨材料具有的颗粒尺寸大约0.5微米至大约3微米,优选大约1微米至大约2微米,更优选大约1微米。
该已研磨材料可选择地与至多约2wt.%(根据已研磨材料的重量)的有机粘结剂相混合,以产生已研磨材料组合物。可用的粘结剂包括,但不限于,聚乙烯醇,聚乙烯醇缩丁醛,水性丙烯酸类聚合物乳液(如得自Rohm&Haas的Rhoplex),聚乙烯亚胺及其混合物。
该已研磨材料组合物以大约3000PSI至大约10000PSI进行压缩,优选大约5000PSI至大约8000PSI,更优选大约5000PSI至大约6000PSI,进而产出预形成物,该预形成物加热至大约500℃至大约700℃,优选大约550℃,以去除任何可能存在的粘结剂,并产出生预形成物(greenpreform)。接着,该生预形成物于大约1000℃至大约1250℃进行烧结,优选大约1050℃至大约1150℃,更优选大约1100℃,并持续大约0.5小时至大约5小时,优选大约1小时至大约2小时,更优选大约2小时,以产出已烧结产物。
已烧结产品进行抛光,并利用火上银(fire-on-silver)浆料(例如,DuPont6160)而进行电极化,以产生已电极化样品,该已电极化样品于大约20℃至大约120℃进行磁极化,优选大约20℃至大约50℃,更优选大约25℃(室温),伴随着电场大约30kV/cm至大约60kV/cm,优选大约40kV/cm至大约50kV/cm,更优选大约40kV/cm,并持续大约3分钟至大约30分钟,优选大约5分钟至10分钟,更优选大约10分钟。
在第五方面的构想中,化合物的通式(III)为,(xNamBinTiO3-yLimBinTiO3-zBaTiO3)(III),其中,(0<x≤1),优选(0.3≤x≤0.95),更优选(0.3≤x≤0.8);(0<y≤1),优选(0<y≤0.7),更优选(0<y≤0.2),以及(0<z≤1),优选(0<z≤0.5),更优选(0<z≤0.2);(x+y+z=1)0.3≤m≤0.7,优选0.4≤m≤0.6,更优选0.45≤m≤0.55;0.3≤n≤0.7,优选0.4≤n≤0.6,更优选0.45≤n≤0.55;0.9<m+n≤1.1,以及0.9≤m/n≤1.1,优选0.95≤m/n≤1.05,更优选0.98≤m/n≤1.02。
已干燥的起始材料,例如,Na2CO3,TiO2,Bi2O3,BaCO3,以及Li2CO3,被混合成为在制造落在通式(III)(例如,xNa0.5Bi0.5TiO3-yLi0.5Bi0.5TiO3-zBaTiO3)范围内的未掺杂压电化合物时使用的混合物。接着,混合物在空气中以大约700℃至大约950℃进行锻烧,优选大约800℃至大约900℃,更优选大约850℃至大约880℃,并持续大约0.5小时至大约3小时,优选大约1小时至大约2小时,更优选大约2小时,以产出已锻烧混合物。接着,该已锻烧混合物于低级链烷醇(例如,无水乙醇)中震荡研磨,以产生已研磨材料,该已研磨材料具有的颗粒尺寸大约0.5微米至大约3微米,优选大约1微米至大约2微米,更优选大约1微米。接着,该已研磨材料具选择地与至多约2wt.%(根据已研磨材料的重量)的有机粘结剂相混合,以产生已研磨材料组合物,可用的粘结剂包括,但不限于,聚乙烯醇,聚乙烯醇缩丁醛,水性丙烯酸类聚合物乳液(如得自Rohm&Haas的Rhoplex),聚乙烯亚胺及其混合物。
该已研磨材料组合物(任选地与粘结剂一起)以大约3000PSI至大约10000PSI进行压缩,优选大约5000PSI至大约8000PSI,更优选大约5000PSI至大约6000PSI,进而产出预形成物。该预形成物被加热至大约500℃至大约650℃,优选大约550℃,以去除可能存在的粘结剂,并产出生预形成物(green preform)。接着,该生预形成物于大约1000℃至大约1250℃进行烧结,优选大约1050℃至大约1150℃,更优选大约1100℃,并持续大约0.5小时至大约5小时,优选大约1小时至大约2小时,更优选是大约2小时,以产出已烧结产物。
已烧结产品进行抛光,并利用火上银(fire-on-silver)浆料(例如,DuPont6160)而进行电极化,以产生已电极化样品,该已电极化样品进行磁极化,于大约20℃至大约120℃,优选大约20℃至大约50℃,更优选大约25℃(室温),伴随着电场大约30kV/cm至大约60kV/cm,优选大约40kV/cm至大约50kV/cm,更优选大约40kV/cm,并持续大约3分钟至大约30分钟,优选大约5分钟至10分钟,更优选大约10分钟。
在第六部分的构想中,可产生的已掺杂化合物的通式(IIIA)为,((xNamBinTiO3-yLimBinTiO3-zBaTiO3)-wN)(IIIA),其中,(0<x≤1),优选(0.3≤x≤0.95),更优选(0.3≤x≤0.8);(0<y≤1),优选(0<y≤0.7),更优选(0<y≤0.2),以及(0<z≤1),优选(0<z≤0.5),更优选(0<z≤0.2),(x+y+z=1);0.3≤m≤0.7,优选0.4≤m≤0.6,更优选0.45≤m≤0.55;0.3≤n≤0.7,优选0.4≤n≤0.6,更优选0.45≤n≤0.55;0.9<m+n<1.1,以及0.9≤m/n≤1.1,优选0.95≤m/n≤1.05,更优选0.98≤m/n≤1.02(0<w≤5wt%),优选0.2wt%≤w≤2wt%,更优选0.5wt%≤w≤1wt%,其中,w所根据的是落在式xNamBinTiO3-yLimBinTiO3-zBaTiO3(其中x,y,z,m,以及n如上所定义)范围内的化合物的重量,以及其中,N为掺杂剂,例如,Al2O3,CoO,Co2O3,Re2O3(其中,Re为稀土元素),NiCO3,MnO2,MnCO3,Fe2O3,氟化物及其混合物。
在此第六部分构想中,起始材料会进行干燥,并接着被混合成为在制造落在通式(III)范围内的未掺杂压电化合物时使用的混合物。接着,混合物在空气中以大约700℃至大约950℃进行锻烧,优选大约800℃至大约900℃,更优选大约850℃至大约880℃,并持续大约0.5小时至大约5小时,优选大约1小时至大约3小时,更优选大约2小时,以产出已锻烧混合物。
该已锻烧混合物与掺杂相混合,以提供已掺杂混合物,并于低级链烷醇(例如,无水乙醇)中震荡研磨,以产生已研磨材料,该已研磨材料具有的颗粒尺寸大约0.5微米至大约3微米,优选大约1微米至大约2微米,更优选大约1微米。
该已研磨材料具选择地与量至多约2wt.%(根据已研磨材料的重量)的有机粘结剂相混合,以产生已研磨材料组合物,可用的粘结剂包括,但不限于,聚乙烯醇,聚乙烯醇缩丁醛,水性丙烯酸类聚合物乳液(如得自Rohm&Haas的Rhoplex),聚乙烯亚胺及其混合物。该已研磨材料组合物以大约3000PSI至大约10000PSI进行压缩,优选大约5000PSI至大约8000PSI,更优选大约5000PSI至大约6000PSI,进而产出预形成物。
该预形成物被加热至大约500℃至大约650℃,优选大约550℃,以去除可能存在的粘结剂,并产出生预形成物(green preform)。接着,该生预形成物于大约1000℃至大约1250℃进行烧结,优选大约1050℃至大约1150℃,更优选大约1100℃,并持续大约0.5小时至大约5小时,优选大约1小时至大约2小时,更优选大约2小时,以产出已烧结产物。
已烧结产品进行抛光,并利用火上银(fire-on-silver)浆料(例如,DuPont6160)而进行电极化,以产生已电极化样品。该已电极化样品于室温进行磁极化,伴随着电场大约30kV/cm至大约60kV/cm,优选大约40kV/cm至大约50kV/cm,更优选大约40kV/cm,并持续大约3分钟至大约30分钟,优选大约5分钟至10分钟,更优选大约10分钟。
本发明更进一步藉由接下来的非限定实例而于下列进行叙述。
实例1A:制造式xNa0.5Bi0.5TiO3-yK0.5Bi0.5TiO3-pBaTiO3(其中,x为0.79,y为0.14,以及p为0.07)的未掺杂压电化合物,之后,称之为BNBK79
混合0.64克K2CO3,2.77克Na2CO3,10.57克TiO2,14.19克Bi2O3,以及1.83克BaCO3,以产出混合物。该混合物在空气中于880℃下进行锻烧2小时,以产出已锻烧组合物。接着,该已锻烧组合物于无水乙醇中震荡研磨,以产生颗粒尺寸为1微米的已研磨材料。接着,该已研磨材料与2wt.%的Rhoplex粘结剂(来自Rohm and Haas)相混合,其中,粘结剂的量是根据已研磨材料的重量。所得到的已研磨材料-粘结剂组合物在5000PSI下进行压缩,以产出直径12mm、厚度1mm的圆盘形式预形成物。
该预形成物在空气中加热至550℃,以将粘结剂燃尽,并产出生预形成物。接着,该生预形成物在空气中于1100℃下烧结2小时,进而产出xNa0.5Bi0.5TiO3-yK0.5Bi0.5TiO3-zBaTiO3(B1NB2K)(其中,x为0.79,y为0.14,以及z为0.07)已烧结产物。该已烧结产物抛光至0.5mm厚,并为了平面以及厚度模式特性表征而在平行面上利用火上银(fire-on-silver)浆料(DuPont6160)进行电极化。已电极化的圆盘于30℃利用60kV/cm外加电场进行磁极化5分钟。
实例1B:制造式为((xNa0.5Bi0.5TiO3-yK0.5Bi0.5TiO3-pBaTiO3)-0.5Mn)(其中,x为0.79,y为0.14,以及p为0.07)的压电化合物,之后,称之为BNBK79-0.5wt%MnO2
混合0.64克K2CO3,2.77克Na2CO3,10.57克TiO2,14.19克Bi2O3,以及1.83克BaCO3,以产出混合物。该混合物在空气中于880℃下锻烧2小时,以产出已锻烧组合物。接着,该已锻烧组合物与0.14克MnO2(0.5wt%MnO2,根据该已锻烧组合物的重量)相混合,以产出已掺杂混合物。该已掺杂混合物于无水乙醇中震荡研磨,以产生颗粒尺寸为1微米的已研磨材料。接着,该已研磨材料与2wt.%的Rhoplex粘结剂(来自Rohm andHaas)相混合,其中,粘结剂的量取决于已研磨材料的重量。所得到的已研磨材料-粘结剂组合物在5000PSI下进行压缩,以产出直径12mm、厚度1mm的圆盘形式预形成物。在空气中加热该预形成物至550℃,以将粘结剂燃尽,并产出生预形成物。接着,该生预形成物在空气中于1100℃下烧结2小时,进而产出式为(xNa0.5Bi0.5TiO3-yK0.5Bi0.5TiO3-zBaTiO3)-0.5Mn(其中,x为0.79,y为0.14,以及z为0.07)的已烧结产物。该已烧结产物抛光至0.5mm厚,并为了平面模式特性表征而在平行面上利用火上银(fire-on-silver)浆料(DuPont6160)进行电极化。已电极化的圆盘于30℃下利用60kV/cm外加电场进行磁极化30分钟。
实例1C:制造式为(xNa0.5Bi0.5TiO3-yK0.5Bi0.5TiO3-pBaTiO3)-0.7Mn(其中,x为0.79,y为0.14,以及p为0.07)的压电化合物,之后,称之为BNBK79-0.7wt%MnO2。
遵循实例1B的程序,除了使用0.2克的MnO2以外。
实例1D:制造式为(xNa0.5Bi0.5TiO3-yK0.5Bi0.5TiO3-pBaTiO3)-0.8Mn(其中,x为0.79,y为0.14,以及p为0.07)的压电化合物,之后,称之为BNBK79-0.8wt%MnO2。
遵循实例1B的程序,除了使用0.23克的MnO2以外。
实例1E:制造掺杂以1.0wt%MnO2的式为(xNa0.5Bi0.5TiO3-yK0.5Bi0.5TiO3-pBaTiO3)-1.0wt.%Mn(其中,x为0.79,y为0.14,以及p为0.07)的压电化合物,之后,称之为BNBK79-1.0wt%MnO2。
遵循实例1B的程序,除了使用0.28克的MnO2以外。
实例1F:制造掺杂以1.0wt%Co2O3的式为(xNa0.5Bi0.5TiO3-yK0.5Bi0.5TiO3-pBaTiO3)-1.0wt.%Co2O3(其中,x为0.79,y为0.14,以及p为0.07)的压电化合物,之后,称之为BNBK79-1.0wt%Co2O3。
遵循实例1B的程序,除了使用0.28克的Co2O3取代MnO2作为掺杂剂以外。
实例1G:制造式为(xNa0.5Bi0.495TiO3-yK0.5Bi0.495TiO3-pBaTiO3)-0.8Mn(其中,x为0.79,y为0.14,以及p为0.07)的压电化合物,之后,称之为BNBK79-0.8wt%MnO2。
遵循实例1B的程序,除了使用14.05克的Bi2O3以及0.23克的MnO2以外。
实例2:制造式xNa0.5Bi0.5TiO3-yK0.5Bi0.5TiO3-zLi0.5Bi0.5TiO3(其中,x为0.69,y为0.26,以及z为0.05)的压电化合物,之后,称之为(“BNBKT”)。
遵循实例1A的程序,除了使用1.35克的K2CO3,2.74克的Na2CO3,0.14克的Li2CO3,14.40克的TiO2,以及17.30克的Bi2O3以外。
实例2A:制造已掺杂的(xNa0.5Bi0.5TiO3-yK0.5Bi0.5TiO3-zLi0.5Bi0.5TiO3)-vMnO2(其中,x=0.69,y=0.26,z=0.05,以及v=0.8wt%),之后,称之为(“BNBKTR”)。
遵循实例1B的程序,除了使用1.35克的K2CO3,2.74克的Na2CO3,0.14克的Li2CO3,14.40克的TiO2,17.30克的Bi2O3,以及0.27克的MnO2以外。
实例3:制造xNa0.5Bi0.5TiO3-zBaTiO3(x+z=1),其中,x=0.8,以及z=0.2。
遵循实例1A的程序,除了使用3.26克的Na2CO3,12.31克的TiO2,14.34克的Bi2O3,以及6.06克的BaCO3作为起始材料以外。
实例4:制造xNa0.5Bi0.5TiO3-yK0.5Bi0.5TiO3(x+y=1),其中,x=0.7,以及y=0.3。
遵循实例1A的程序,除了使用1.59克的K2CO3,2.85克的Na2CO3,12.31克的TiO2,17.92克的Bi2O3作为起始材料以外。
实例5:制造xNa0.5Bi0.5TiO3-yK0.5Bi0.5TiO3-zLi0.5Bi0.5TiO3-pBaTiO3(x+y+z+p=1)(“BNKLBT”),其中,x=0.83,y=0.084,z=0.03,以及p=0.056。
遵循实例1A的程序,除了使用0.445克的K2CO3,3.38克的Na2CO3,0.085克的Li2CO3,1.70克的BaCO3,12.31克的TiO2,以及16.92克的Bi2O3作为起始材料以外。
实例5A:制造(xNa0.5Bi0.5TiO3-yK0.5Bi0.5TiO3-zLi0.5Bi0.5TiO3-pBaTiO3)-rCo2O3,其中,x=0.83,y=0.084,z=0.03,p=0.056,以及r=1.5wt%。
遵循实例1B的程序,除了使用0.445克的K2CO3,3.38克的Na2CO3,0.085克的Li2CO3,1.70克的BaCO3,12.31克的TiO2,16.92克的Bi2O3,以及0.49克的Co2O3作为起始材料以外。
实例6:制造空位缺陷建构的(xNa0.5Bi0.495TiO3-yK0.5Bi0.495TiO3-zLi0.5Bi0.495TiO3-pBaTiO3)-r Co2O3,其中,x=0.83,y=0.084,z=0.03,p=0.056,以及r=1.5wt%。
遵循实例1B的程序,除了使用0.445克的K2CO3,3.38克的Na2CO3,0.085克的Li2CO3,1.70克的BaCO3,12.31克的TiO2,16.75克的Bi2O3,以及0.49克的Co2O3作为起始材料以外。
实例7:xNa0.5Bi0.5TiO3-yK0.5Bi0.5TiO3-zLi0.5Bi0.5TiO3-pBaTiO3(x+y+z+p=1)(“BNKLBT”),其中,x=0.85,y=0.072,z=0.03,以及p=0.048。
遵循实例1A的程序,除了使用0.38克的K2CO3,3.47克的Na2CO3,0.085克的Li2CO3,1.45克的BaCO3,12.31克的TiO2,以及17.06克的Bi2O3作为起始材料以外。
实例8:xNa0.5Bi0.5TiO3-yK0.5Bi0.5TiO3-zLi0.5Bi0.5TiO3-pBaTiO3(x+y+z+p=1)
(“BNKLBT”),其中,x=0.80,y=0.102,z=0.03,以及p=0.068。
遵循实例1A的程序,除了使用0.54克的K2CO3,3.26克的Na2CO3,0.085克的Li2CO3,2.06克的BaCO3,12.31克的TiO2,以及16.70克的Bi2O3作为起始材料以外。
实例9:(xNa0.5Bi0.5TiO3-yK0.5Bi0.5TiO3-zLi0.5Bi0.5TiO3-pBaTiO3)-r Co2O3,r=1.5%,(x+y+z+p=1),其中,x=0.85,y=0.072,z=0.03,以及p=0.048。
遵循实例1B的程序,除了使用0.38克的K2CO3,3.47克的Na2CO3,0.085克的Li2CO3,1.45克的BaCO3,12.31克的TiO2,17.06克的Bi2O3,以及0.49克的Co2O3作为起始材料以外。
实例10:(xNa0.5Bi0.5TiO3-yK0.5Bi0.5TiO3-zLi0.5Bi0.5TiO3-pBaTiO3)-rCo2O3,r=1.5%,(x+y+z+p=1),其中,x=0.80,y=0.102,z=0.03,以及p=0.068。
遵循实例1B的程序,除了使用0.54克的K2CO3,3.26克的Na2CO3,0.085克的Li2CO3,2.06克的BaCO3,12.31克的TiO2,16.70克的Bi2O3,以及0.49克的Co2O3作为起始材料以外。
BNBK型态陶瓷相较于商用PZT陶瓷的各种特性显示于表II、III、以及IV中。实例1G的BNBK79-0.8wt%MnO2压电化合物相较于PZT4以及PZT8的极化滞后现象显示于图3中。
表II BNBK无铅陶瓷相较于商用硬PZT的特有压电特性
表III:硬BNBK无铅陶瓷相较于硬PZT的弹性柔量sij(10-12m2/N),弹性刚度cij(1010N/m2)常数,压电系数dij(pC/N),eij(C/m2),gij(10-3Vm/N),hij(108V/m),dh(pC/N),机电耦合因子kij,介电常数,εij(ε0),以及介电反诱电常数,β(10-4/ε0)
如上所示,表III显示实例1G的空位缺陷建构BNBK79-0.8wt%MnO2压电化合物相较于PZT4以及PZT8硬陶瓷的材料常数,是根据压电性的IEEE标准进行测量。
表IV纯的以及共掺杂的(1.5wt%Co2O3)xNBT-yKBT-zLBT-pBT(简称为xN-yK-zL-pBT)无铅陶瓷的特有压电特性
如上所示,表IV显示在具有以及不具有掺杂剂Co2O3的情形下,xNBT-yKBT-zLBT-pBT无铅陶瓷的特有特性。
图2以及表V显示实例1A–1E的MnO2掺杂NBT压电材料的各种特性。
表V
图3显示实例1G的BNBK79-0.8wt%MnO2压电化合物相较于PZT4以及PZT8的极化滞后现象。
图4显示实例1A的无铅BNBK79以及实例1G的0.8wt%MnO2掺杂BNBK79相较于PZT4以及PZT8的应变滞后现象。
图5a显示实例1A的未掺杂BNBK79的介电行为的温度依赖性。图5b至图5d分别显示实例1B、1D、以及1E的Mn掺杂BNBK79的介电行为的温度依赖性。正如在图5a至图5d中所示,随着Mn掺杂量的增加,去极化温度(Td)会稍微地由250℃下降至230℃。
图6显示实例1G的空位缺陷建构0.8wt.%MnO2掺杂BNBK79压电化合物的机电耦合因子(kij)的温度依赖性。横向耦合因子(Lateral couplingfactor)k31在室温下为7%,以及厚度耦合因子kt在室温下为44%。正如在图6中所示,k31在235℃时会增加至10%,以及kt在235℃时会增加至50%。
图7显示实例1G的空位缺陷建构BNBK79-0.8wt.%MnO2压电化合物相较于PZT4以及PZT8,平面机电耦合因子相对于温度的变化的函数。正如图7中所示,平面机电耦合因子会随着温度到达235℃而稍微地增加,相反的,PZT4以及PZT8的耦合因子会连续地减少,在相同的温度下掉落25%-50%。
图8a至图8c分别显示实例10、5A、以及9的Co2O3掺杂空位缺陷建构BNKLBT陶瓷的介电行为的温度依赖性。
图9显示实例10、5A、以及9的Co2O3掺杂空位缺陷建构BNKLBT陶瓷的机电耦合因子,包括厚度耦合kt以及平面耦合kp,的温度依赖性,期间展示出非常稳定的温度行为,直到其去极化温度Td为止。
图10显示实例10、5A、以及9的Co2O3掺杂空位缺陷建构BNKLBT陶瓷的机械品质因数Q的温度依赖性,其中,Q数值在室温下大于700,随着温度增加渐渐减少,当温度接近去极化温度Td时,仍会维持大约200的高Q数值。
所揭示的压电化合物可使用于电子装置,例如,超声波换能器,通常于20kHz或以上操作,以及使用于高强度聚焦超声波(HIFU)换能器,所揭示的压电化合物亦可使用作为超声波马达中的定子,以及作为压电变压器中的组件。
超声波马达以及其构造如美国专利第7576472号所示为已知,其所教示的整体在此并入做为参考,压电变压器以及其构造亦如美国专利第7,593,241号所示为已知,其所教示的整体在此并入做为参考。
Claims (11)
1.一种压电化合物,具有式
xNamBinTiO3-yKmBinTiO3-zLimBinTiO3-pBaTiO3,其中0<x<1、0.2≤y<1、0<z<1、0.2≤p<1、x+y+z+p=1、0.3≤m≤0.7、0.3≤n≤0.7以及0.9≤m/n≤1.1。
2.根据权利要求1所述的压电化合物,更包括如式
((xNamBinTiO3-yKmBinTiO3-zLimBinTiO3-pBaTiO3)-rM)中所示之一掺杂剂M,其中0<x<1、0.2≤y<1、0<z<1、0.2≤p<1、x+y+z+p=1、0.3≤m≤0.7、0.3≤n≤0.7、0.9≤m/n≤1.1以及0wt%<r≤5wt%,其中r所根据的是落在xNamBinTiO3-yKmBinTiO3-zLimBinTiO3-pBaTiO3范围内的化合物的重量,且M为选自由Al2O3、CoO、Re2O3、NiCO3、MnO2及Fe2O3及其混合物组成的组的一掺杂剂,其中,Re为稀土元素。
3.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其中,m=0.5,以及n=0.495。
4.一种压电化合物,具有式(xNamBinTiO3-yLimBinTiO3-zBaTiO3)其中,0<x<1、0.2≤y<1、0.2≤z<1、x+y+z=1、0.3≤m≤0.7、0.3≤n≤0.7、0.9<m+n<1.1以及0.9<m/n<1.1。
5.根据权利要求4所述的压电化合物,更具有式
((xNamBinTiO3-yLimBinTiO3-zBaTiO3)-wN)中所示的一掺杂剂N,其中,0<x<1、0.2≤y<1、0.2≤z<1、x+y+z=1、0.3≤m≤0.7、0.3≤n≤0.7、0.9<m+n<1.1、0.9≤m/n≤1.1以及0<w≤5wt%,其中,w所根据的是落在式xNamBinTiO3-yLimBinTiO3-zBaTiO3范围内的化合物的重量,以及其中,N为选自由Al2O3、CoO、Re2O3、NiCO3、MnO2及Fe2O3及其混合物组成的组的一掺杂剂,其中,Re为稀土元素。
6.一种制造具有式xNa0.5Bi0.5TiO3-yK0.5Bi0.5TiO3-zBaTiO3的压电化合物的方法,其中,0<x<1,0.2≤y<1,0.2≤z<1,以及x+y+z=1,包括:以适于产生xNa0.5Bi0.5TiO3-yK0.5Bi0.5TiO3-zBaTiO3的一化合物的量形成起始材 料K2CO3、Na2CO3、BaCO3、Bi2O3或TiO2的一混合物,将该混合物在800℃至950℃下锻烧0.5小时至2小时,以产出一已锻烧混合物,将该已锻烧混合物研磨至0.5微米至2微米的一颗粒尺寸,以产生一已锻烧混合物,将该已锻烧混合物于20.68MPa至68.95MPa下进行压缩,以产出一预形成物,将该预形成物加热至于500℃至600℃,以产出一生预形成物,将该生预形成物于1060℃至1220℃下结烧0.5小时至2小时,以产出具有式xNa0.5Bi0.5TiO3-yK0.5Bi0.5TiO3-zBaTiO3,其中0<x<1,0.2≤y<1、0.2≤z<1以及x+y+z=1,的压电化合物。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中该化合物更包括如式
(xNa0.5Bi0.5TiO3-yK0.5Bi0.5TiO3-zBaTiO3)-rM中所示的一掺杂剂M,其中0<x<1、0.2≤y<1、0.2≤z<1、x+y+z=1、0<r≤5wt%以及M为一掺杂剂,包括:以适于产生式xNa0.5Bi0.5TiO3-yK0.5Bi0.5TiO3-zBaTiO3,其中0<x<1、0.2≤y<1、0.2≤z<1、x+y+z=1的一化合物的量形成起始材料K2CO3、Na2CO3、BaCO3、Bi2O3或TiO2的一混合物,将该混合物在800℃至950℃下锻烧0.5小时至2小时,以产出一已锻烧混合物,将选自Al2O3、CoO、Re2O3、NiCO3、MnO2及Fe2O3及其混合物所组成的组的掺杂剂M与该已锻烧混合物相混合以产生一已掺杂混合物,其中,Re为稀土元素,将该已掺杂混合物研磨至0.5微米至2微米的一颗粒尺寸,以产生一已锻烧混合物,将该已锻烧混合物于20.68MPa至68.95MPa下进行压缩,以产出一预形成物,将该预形成物加热至于500℃至600℃,以产出一生预形成物,将该生预形成物于1060℃至1220℃下结烧0.5小时至2小时,以产出具有式(xNa0.5Bi0.5TiO3-yK0.5Bi0.5TiO3-zBaTiO3)-rM的压电化合物,其中,0<x<1、0.2≤y<1、0.2≤z<1、x+y+z=1以及0<r≤5wt%。
8.一种包括权利要求2的压电化合物的超声波换能器。
9.根据权利要求8所述的超声波换能器,其中,该超声波换能器为高强度聚焦超声波(HIFU)换能器。
10.一种包括权利要求2所述的一压电化合物的超声波马达。
11.一种包括权利要求2所述的一压电化合物的压电换能器。
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JP4973931B2 (ja) | 2007-03-27 | 2012-07-11 | Tdk株式会社 | 圧電磁器組成物 |
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2009
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- 2009-09-25 JP JP2011529024A patent/JP5698669B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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CN1381425A (zh) * | 2001-04-18 | 2002-11-27 | 日本特殊陶业株式会社 | 压电陶瓷材料 |
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JP5698669B2 (ja) | 2015-04-08 |
AU2009297025B2 (en) | 2015-06-25 |
US8501031B2 (en) | 2013-08-06 |
EP2340574A2 (en) | 2011-07-06 |
CN102165619A (zh) | 2011-08-24 |
EP2340574A4 (en) | 2014-01-22 |
USRE46445E1 (en) | 2017-06-20 |
CA2737537A1 (en) | 2010-04-01 |
AU2009297025A1 (en) | 2010-04-01 |
JP2012503591A (ja) | 2012-02-09 |
US20100133461A1 (en) | 2010-06-03 |
WO2010036363A2 (en) | 2010-04-01 |
CA2737537C (en) | 2017-12-05 |
WO2010036363A3 (en) | 2010-07-15 |
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