CN102137953A - 铜或铜合金用表面处理剂及其应用 - Google Patents
铜或铜合金用表面处理剂及其应用 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102137953A CN102137953A CN2009801341778A CN200980134177A CN102137953A CN 102137953 A CN102137953 A CN 102137953A CN 2009801341778 A CN2009801341778 A CN 2009801341778A CN 200980134177 A CN200980134177 A CN 200980134177A CN 102137953 A CN102137953 A CN 102137953A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- copper
- benzyl
- surface treatment
- copper alloy
- treatment agent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 title abstract 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000012756 surface treatment agent Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 150000004693 imidazolium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 41
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 21
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- -1 imidazole compound Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 11
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 10
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000002366 halogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 5
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005749 Copper compound Substances 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 0 [*+]c1c(-c2ccccc2)nc(Cc2ccccc2)[n]1 Chemical compound [*+]c1c(-c2ccccc2)nc(Cc2ccccc2)[n]1 0.000 description 3
- 150000001880 copper compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- LQBJWKCYZGMFEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead tin Chemical compound [Sn].[Pb] LQBJWKCYZGMFEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium iodide Chemical compound [Na+].[I-] FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-benzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=NC2=C1 HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YMHOBZXQZVXHBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dimethoxy-4-bromophenethylamine Chemical compound COC1=CC(CCN)=C(OC)C=C1Br YMHOBZXQZVXHBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OPFSCQILYLGNCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(4-butylphenyl)methyl]-5-hexyl-4-phenyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound N=1C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C(CCCCCC)NC=1CC1=CC=C(CCCC)C=C1 OPFSCQILYLGNCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LMADQGMAVROGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(4-butylphenyl)methyl]-5-methyl-4-phenyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound C1=CC(CCCC)=CC=C1CC1=NC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C(C)N1 LMADQGMAVROGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BJERCTGFISGCAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(4-hexylphenyl)methyl]-5-phenyl-1H-imidazole Chemical compound C(CCCCC)C1=CC=C(CC=2NC=C(N2)C2=CC=CC=C2)C=C1 BJERCTGFISGCAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GGJFRDMDBGZFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzyl-5-(4-butylphenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical class C1=CC(CCCC)=CC=C1C(N1)=CN=C1CC1=CC=CC=C1 GGJFRDMDBGZFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IATUYUAEVHNIGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzyl-5-methyl-4-(4-octylphenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical class C1=CC(CCCCCCCC)=CC=C1C1=C(C)NC(CC=2C=CC=CC=2)=N1 IATUYUAEVHNIGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZCUJYXPAKHMBAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound C1=CNC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=N1 ZCUJYXPAKHMBAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OWVMFLLVLFONOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-butoxypropanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCOCCC(O)=O OWVMFLLVLFONOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JOOXCMJARBKPKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-oxopentanoic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)CCC(O)=O JOOXCMJARBKPKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YZGQDNOIGFBYKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethoxyacetic acid Chemical compound CCOCC(O)=O YZGQDNOIGFBYKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LCTONWCANYUPML-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyruvic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)C(O)=O LCTONWCANYUPML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000545067 Venus Species 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;zinc Chemical compound [Zn].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- QTMDXZNDVAMKGV-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) bromide Chemical compound [Cu+2].[Br-].[Br-] QTMDXZNDVAMKGV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N decanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCC(O)=O MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bromide Chemical compound [Na+].[Br-] JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004246 zinc acetate Substances 0.000 description 2
- ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc nitrate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RBNPOMFGQQGHHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N -2,3-Dihydroxypropanoic acid Natural products OCC(O)C(O)=O RBNPOMFGQQGHHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZWAOEGUELRHMKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(2-butan-2-ylphenyl)methyl]-5-phenyl-1H-imidazole Chemical compound C(C)(CC)C1=C(CC=2NC=C(N=2)C2=CC=CC=C2)C=CC=C1 ZWAOEGUELRHMKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XZXYQEHISUMZAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)methyl]-4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C(CC=2C(=CC=C(C)C=2)O)=C1 XZXYQEHISUMZAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AVURETBDNXDMID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(4-butylphenyl)methyl]-5-(4-hexylphenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical class C1=CC(CCCCCC)=CC=C1C(N1)=CN=C1CC1=CC=C(CCCC)C=C1 AVURETBDNXDMID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NZPPARATDPGHNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(4-butylphenyl)methyl]-5-phenyl-1H-imidazole Chemical compound C(CCC)C1=CC=C(CC=2NC=C(N=2)C2=CC=CC=C2)C=C1 NZPPARATDPGHNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KOLRMWAFBJEBHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-1h-imidazole Chemical class C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1CC1=NC=CN1 KOLRMWAFBJEBHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VCKOFPBLQMSTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(4-heptylphenyl)methyl]-5-phenyl-1H-imidazole Chemical compound C(CCCCCC)C1=CC=C(CC=2NC=C(N=2)C2=CC=CC=C2)C=C1 VCKOFPBLQMSTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QRCADBBDKYYUIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(4-hexylphenyl)methyl]-5-methyl-4-(4-propan-2-ylphenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound C1=CC(CCCCCC)=CC=C1CC1=NC(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C(C)C)=C(C)N1 QRCADBBDKYYUIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSOLAJQQHDWEPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(4-methylphenyl)methyl]-5-phenyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1CC1=NC=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)N1 OSOLAJQQHDWEPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIBRHPWAAHUFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(4-tert-butylphenyl)methyl]-5-phenyl-1H-imidazole Chemical compound C(C)(C)(C)C1=CC=C(CC=2NC=C(N=2)C2=CC=CC=C2)C=C1 XUIBRHPWAAHUFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OZIJHNOJXASLKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[2-(3-methylbutyl)phenyl]methyl]-4-phenyl-5-propyl-1H-imidazole Chemical compound C(CC(C)C)C1=C(CC=2NC(=C(N=2)C2=CC=CC=C2)CCC)C=CC=C1 OZIJHNOJXASLKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XFCDHMQGRQBUSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzyl-4-(4-butylphenyl)-5-methyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound C1=CC(CCCC)=CC=C1C1=C(C)NC(CC=2C=CC=CC=2)=N1 XFCDHMQGRQBUSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RNVMMRLFWVQIND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzyl-4-(4-cyclohexylphenyl)-5-methyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound N=1C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C2CCCCC2)=C(C)NC=1CC1=CC=CC=C1 RNVMMRLFWVQIND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKVHVZFYSLODKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzyl-4-(4-hexylphenyl)-5-methyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound C1=CC(CCCCCC)=CC=C1C1=C(C)NC(CC=2C=CC=CC=2)=N1 KKVHVZFYSLODKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LOGDCZSOOGXCEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzyl-4-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-5-methyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound N=1C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C(C)(C)C)=C(C)NC=1CC1=CC=CC=C1 LOGDCZSOOGXCEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATUUXYNJFVFMMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzyl-5-(2,2-dimethylpropyl)-4-(3-methylbutyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical class N1C(CC(C)(C)C)=C(CCC(C)C)N=C1CC1=CC=CC=C1 ATUUXYNJFVFMMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUOYYWPFKBFTRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzyl-5-(2,2-dimethylpropyl)-4-phenyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound N=1C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C(CC(C)(C)C)NC=1CC1=CC=CC=C1 XUOYYWPFKBFTRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GQCCHLZVXWVVGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzyl-5-(2-butylphenyl)-1H-imidazole Chemical class C(C1=CC=CC=C1)C=1NC=C(N1)C1=C(C=CC=C1)CCCC GQCCHLZVXWVVGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SYDNPIFIMOJEMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzyl-5-(2-hexylphenyl)-1H-imidazole Chemical class C(C1=CC=CC=C1)C=1NC=C(N1)C1=C(C=CC=C1)CCCCCC SYDNPIFIMOJEMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FGEGQSSRVQUJOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzyl-5-(2-methylpropyl)-4-phenyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound N=1C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C(CC(C)C)NC=1CC1=CC=CC=C1 FGEGQSSRVQUJOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JPDJORVAUFXOKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzyl-5-(3-methylbutyl)-4-phenyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound N=1C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C(CCC(C)C)NC=1CC1=CC=CC=C1 JPDJORVAUFXOKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTXAXNZUAUSDNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzyl-5-(4-cyclohexylphenyl)-1H-imidazole Chemical class C(C1=CC=CC=C1)C=1NC=C(N1)C1=CC=C(C=C1)C1CCCCC1 QTXAXNZUAUSDNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CRBFYAZPKOPOSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzyl-5-(4-heptylphenyl)-1H-imidazole Chemical class C1=CC(CCCCCCC)=CC=C1C(N1)=CN=C1CC1=CC=CC=C1 CRBFYAZPKOPOSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCOSNYFSUNOPTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzyl-5-(4-hexylphenyl)-1H-imidazole Chemical class C1=CC(CCCCCC)=CC=C1C(N1)=CN=C1CC1=CC=CC=C1 ZCOSNYFSUNOPTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YIGFUEODLPYPKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzyl-5-(4-octylphenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical class C1=CC(CCCCCCCC)=CC=C1C(N1)=CN=C1CC1=CC=CC=C1 YIGFUEODLPYPKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CXUGTNHMJSAHEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzyl-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical class C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1C(N1)=CN=C1CC1=CC=CC=C1 CXUGTNHMJSAHEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CCGBSDDJTFGICW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzyl-5-[4-(2,2-dimethylpropyl)phenyl]-1H-imidazole Chemical class C1=CC(CC(C)(C)C)=CC=C1C(N1)=CN=C1CC1=CC=CC=C1 CCGBSDDJTFGICW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZZQAWVJODFJOTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzyl-5-[4-(3-methylbutyl)phenyl]-1H-imidazole Chemical class C1=CC(CCC(C)C)=CC=C1C(N1)=CN=C1CC1=CC=CC=C1 ZZQAWVJODFJOTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHSJEHOVVWBEGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzyl-5-butan-2-yl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazole Chemical compound N=1C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C(C(C)CC)NC=1CC1=CC=CC=C1 VHSJEHOVVWBEGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OZLVUUVRHAHKAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzyl-5-butyl-4-phenyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound N=1C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C(CCCC)NC=1CC1=CC=CC=C1 OZLVUUVRHAHKAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LEURFNCGLMOGTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzyl-5-heptyl-4-phenyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound N=1C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C(CCCCCCC)NC=1CC1=CC=CC=C1 LEURFNCGLMOGTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JNJFYAZNQVCCPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzyl-5-hexyl-4-(4-propan-2-ylphenyl)-1H-imidazole Chemical class C(C1=CC=CC=C1)C=1NC(=C(N=1)C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(C)C)CCCCCC JNJFYAZNQVCCPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MWJHLOGPGWPMFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzyl-5-hexyl-4-phenyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound N=1C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C(CCCCCC)NC=1CC1=CC=CC=C1 MWJHLOGPGWPMFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CCFHYUIFMOYREB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butyl-5-phenyl-1h-imidazole Chemical group N1C(CCCC)=NC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 CCFHYUIFMOYREB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LLEASVZEQBICSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-undecyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC1=NC=CN1 LLEASVZEQBICSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRXXEXVXTFEBIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-ethoxypropanoic acid Chemical compound CCOCCC(O)=O JRXXEXVXTFEBIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HTNUUDFQRYBJPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methoxypropanehydrazide Chemical compound COCCC(=O)NN HTNUUDFQRYBJPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YZLDXPLNKWTMOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-propoxypropanoic acid Chemical compound CCCOCCC(O)=O YZLDXPLNKWTMOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTLNPYWUJOZPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-nitrobenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 OTLNPYWUJOZPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BSLBNLJJNMWJQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(2-heptylphenyl)-2-[(2-propan-2-ylphenyl)methyl]-1h-imidazole Chemical class CCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1C(N1)=CN=C1CC1=CC=CC=C1C(C)C BSLBNLJJNMWJQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UKAQYQCQDLKKAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(3-ethylphenyl)-2-[(4-hexylphenyl)methyl]-1h-imidazole Chemical class C1=CC(CCCCCC)=CC=C1CC1=NC=C(C=2C=C(CC)C=CC=2)N1 UKAQYQCQDLKKAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LLHCGZOOWMXYMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-ethyl-4-(4-hexylphenyl)-2-[(3-methylphenyl)methyl]-1h-imidazole Chemical class C1=CC(CCCCCC)=CC=C1C1=C(CC)NC(CC=2C=C(C)C=CC=2)=N1 LLHCGZOOWMXYMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAJOCMHFNUUHPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-heptyl-4-(3-hexylphenyl)-2-[[4-(2-methylpropyl)phenyl]methyl]-1h-imidazole Chemical class N=1C(C=2C=C(CCCCCC)C=CC=2)=C(CCCCCCC)NC=1CC1=CC=C(CC(C)C)C=C1 QAJOCMHFNUUHPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TYOXIFXYEIILLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyl-2-phenyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound N1C(C)=CN=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 TYOXIFXYEIILLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical group [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017944 Ag—Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910016334 Bi—In Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AWXAEDBFIJIMFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C)(C)(C)C=1C=C(CC=2NC(=C(N2)C2=CC(=CC=C2)CN)C)C=CC1 Chemical class C(C)(C)(C)C=1C=C(CC=2NC(=C(N2)C2=CC(=CC=C2)CN)C)C=CC1 AWXAEDBFIJIMFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KVXKEKOQXOCGEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C1=CC=CC=C1)C=1NC(=C(N1)C1=CC=C(C=C1)CN)C Chemical class C(C1=CC=CC=C1)C=1NC(=C(N1)C1=CC=C(C=C1)CN)C KVXKEKOQXOCGEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MBTCAFVNNKGZMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C1=CC=CC=C1)C=1NC(=C(N1)C1=CC=C(C=C1)CN)CCCC Chemical class C(C1=CC=CC=C1)C=1NC(=C(N1)C1=CC=C(C=C1)CN)CCCC MBTCAFVNNKGZMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JKMWZXVUMXECNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CCC)C1=C(CC=2NC=C(N2)C2=C(C=CC=C2)CN)C=CC=C1 Chemical class C(CCC)C1=C(CC=2NC=C(N2)C2=C(C=CC=C2)CN)C=CC=C1 JKMWZXVUMXECNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PGKPGEMEWZGGGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CCC)C1=CC=C(CC=2NC=C(N2)C2=CC=C(C=C2)CN)C=C1 Chemical class C(CCC)C1=CC=C(CC=2NC=C(N2)C2=CC=C(C=C2)CN)C=C1 PGKPGEMEWZGGGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YVAZRRSWZWVFAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CCCCCC)C1=C(N=C(N1)CC1=CC=C(C=C1)C)C1=C(C=CC=C1)CN Chemical class C(CCCCCC)C1=C(N=C(N1)CC1=CC=C(C=C1)C)C1=C(C=CC=C1)CN YVAZRRSWZWVFAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DPZOUJLAWIDHGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCCC1=CC=CC(C=2NC(CC=3C=CC=CC=3)=NC=2)=C1 Chemical class CCCCC1=CC=CC(C=2NC(CC=3C=CC=CC=3)=NC=2)=C1 DPZOUJLAWIDHGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GEQHNNZOPDETOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCCCCC1=CC=CC(C=2NC(CC=3C=CC=CC=3)=NC=2)=C1 Chemical class CCCCCCC1=CC=CC(C=2NC(CC=3C=CC=CC=3)=NC=2)=C1 GEQHNNZOPDETOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005632 Capric acid (CAS 334-48-5) Substances 0.000 description 1
- VRRPMUUKSMPTIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc1c(-c2ccc(C)cc2)nc(Cc2ccccc2)[nH]1 Chemical compound Cc1c(-c2ccc(C)cc2)nc(Cc2ccccc2)[nH]1 VRRPMUUKSMPTIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LDZYRENCLPUXAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc1nc(cccc2)c2[nH]1 Chemical compound Cc1nc(cccc2)c2[nH]1 LDZYRENCLPUXAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- COGUOPIIFAMLES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Clc1ccc(Cc2nc3ccccc3[nH]2)cc1 Chemical compound Clc1ccc(Cc2nc3ccccc3[nH]2)cc1 COGUOPIIFAMLES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JJLJMEJHUUYSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L Copper hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Cu+2] JJLJMEJHUUYSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000005750 Copper hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021589 Copper(I) bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021591 Copper(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021590 Copper(II) bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RBNPOMFGQQGHHO-UWTATZPHSA-N D-glyceric acid Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)C(O)=O RBNPOMFGQQGHHO-UWTATZPHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013032 Hydrocarbon resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005639 Lauric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102220474387 PDZ and LIM domain protein 7_H63A_mutation Human genes 0.000 description 1
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910020830 Sn-Bi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910020888 Sn-Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910020994 Sn-Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018728 Sn—Bi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019204 Sn—Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910009069 Sn—Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CANRESZKMUPMAE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Zinc lactate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC(O)C([O-])=O.CC(O)C([O-])=O CANRESZKMUPMAE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- DPDMMXDBJGCCQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Na].[Cl] Chemical compound [Na].[Cl] DPDMMXDBJGCCQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920006271 aliphatic hydrocarbon resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LDDQLRUQCUTJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium fluoride Chemical compound [NH4+].[F-] LDDQLRUQCUTJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940107816 ammonium iodide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006272 aromatic hydrocarbon resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CUBCNYWQJHBXIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid;2-hydroxybenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1.OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O CUBCNYWQJHBXIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940073608 benzyl chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001246 bromo group Chemical group Br* 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001956 copper hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(I) chloride Chemical compound [Cu]Cl OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- NKNDPYCGAZPOFS-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(i) bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu] NKNDPYCGAZPOFS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GQDHEYWVLBJKBA-UHFFFAOYSA-H copper(ii) phosphate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[Cu+2].[Cu+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GQDHEYWVLBJKBA-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- GBRBMTNGQBKBQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;diiodide Chemical compound I[Cu]I GBRBMTNGQBKBQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229960003280 cupric chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940045803 cuprous chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- HHLFWLYXYJOTON-UHFFFAOYSA-N glyoxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=O HHLFWLYXYJOTON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229920006270 hydrocarbon resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000266 injurious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940040102 levulinic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RMIODHQZRUFFFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxyacetic acid Chemical compound COCC(O)=O RMIODHQZRUFFFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- OXNIZHLAWKMVMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N picric acid Chemical compound OC1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O OXNIZHLAWKMVMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[K+] NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000007715 potassium iodide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960004839 potassium iodide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RVUYACAXXOCJAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl ethaneperoxoate Chemical compound CCCOOC(C)=O RVUYACAXXOCJAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229940107700 pyruvic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007761 roller coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000009518 sodium iodide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940083599 sodium iodide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940095064 tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WEZYFYMYMKUAHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,4-dibenzylpiperazine-1-carboxylate Chemical compound C1C(CC=2C=CC=CC=2)N(C(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CCN1CC1=CC=CC=C1 WEZYFYMYMKUAHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGIWBXUNRXCYRA-UHFFFAOYSA-H trizinc;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O WGIWBXUNRXCYRA-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229960004418 trolamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011746 zinc citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000006076 zinc citrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940068475 zinc citrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SRWMQSFFRFWREA-UHFFFAOYSA-M zinc formate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]C=O SRWMQSFFRFWREA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000011576 zinc lactate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000000193 zinc lactate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940050168 zinc lactate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H zinc phosphate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229910000165 zinc phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZPEJZWGMHAKWNL-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;oxalate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O ZPEJZWGMHAKWNL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F11/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent
- C23F11/08—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids
- C23F11/10—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids using organic inhibitors
- C23F11/14—Nitrogen-containing compounds
- C23F11/149—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen as hetero atom
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/36—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
- B23K35/3612—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest with organic compounds as principal constituents
- B23K35/3615—N-compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
- C07D233/54—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D233/56—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D233/58—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, attached to ring carbon atoms with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, attached to ring nitrogen atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Abstract
本发明的一个目的是提供一种表面处理剂和表面处理方法,所述表面处理剂在使用无铅焊料将电子部件等安装到印刷线路板上时,在构成印刷线路板的电路部件等的铜或铜合金的表面上形成具有优异耐热性的化学层,同时改进对焊料的润湿性且使得焊接性良好。此外,本发明的另一个目的是提供一种印刷线路板并提供一种焊接方法,所述印刷线路板通过使构成铜电路部件的铜或铜合金的表面与上述表面处理剂接触而得到,所述焊接方法包括:使铜或铜合金的表面与上述表面处理剂接触,然后使用无铅焊料进行焊接。本发明提供了一种铜或铜合金用表面处理剂,所述表面处理剂含有由式(I)表示的咪唑化合物:式中R1、R2和R3相同或不同且表示氢原子或具有1~8个碳原子的烷基;且选自R1、R2和R3中的至少一个是具有4个以上碳原子的烷基。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种表面处理剂及其应用,所述表面处理剂在将电子部件等焊接到印刷线路板的铜或铜合金上期间使用。
背景技术
近年来,已经广泛地将高密度的表面安装技术用作印刷线路板的安装方法。其中,将这种表面安装技术分为双面表面安装技术和混合安装技术等,在所述双面表面安装技术中,使用焊膏将芯片型部件接合在一起,且所述混合安装技术是使用焊膏的芯片型部件的表面安装技术与分立部件的通孔安装技术的组合。在任一种安装方法中,印刷线路板经历两次以上的焊接步骤,因此将其曝露在高温下,从而导致严重的热经历。
结果,构成印刷线路板的电路部件的铜或铜合金(下文中有时简称作铜)的表面由于加热而促进了氧化膜的形成,因此电路部件的表面不能保持良好的焊接性。
为了保护印刷线路板的铜电路部件免于空气氧化,通常使用表面处理剂在电路部件的表面上形成化学层。然而,必要的是,通过即使在铜电路部件具有多个循环的热经历之后,也防止化学层发生恶化(即,被劣化)来保护铜电路部件,从而保持良好的焊接性。
常规上已经将锡铅合金共晶焊料用于将电子部件安装到印刷线路板上等。然而,近年来,产生了如下担心:焊料合金中包含的铅对人体产生有害的影响,因此期望使用无铅焊料。
因此,正在考虑多种无铅焊料。例如,已经提出了如下无铅焊料,其中向锡的基础金属中添加一种或多种金属如银、锌、铋、铟、锑、铜等。
通常使用的锡铅共晶焊料在基板、特别是铜的表面上具有优异的润湿性,因此会牢固地粘附至铜上,从而得到高可靠性。
相比之下,与通常使用的锡铅焊料相比,无铅焊料在铜表面上的润湿性较差,因此,由于空隙和其它结合缺陷而导致焊接性差且接合强度低。
因此,当使用无铅焊料时,必须选择焊接性优良的焊料合金和适合与所述无铅焊料一起使用的助焊剂。用于防止在铜或铜合金的表面上发生氧化的表面处理剂也需要具有改进无铅焊料的润湿性和焊接性的功能。
许多无铅焊料具有高熔点,且其焊接温度比通常使用的锡铅共晶焊料的温度高约20℃~约50℃。因此,用于利用无铅焊料进行焊接的方法中的表面处理剂应具有能够形成耐热性优异的化学层的特性。
作为这种表面处理剂的活性成分,已经提出了多种咪唑化合物。例如,分别地,专利文献1公开了2-烷基咪唑化合物如2-十一烷基咪唑;专利文献2公开了2-芳基咪唑化合物如2-苯基咪唑和2-苯基-4-甲基咪唑;专利文献3公开了2-烷基苯并咪唑化合物如2-壬基苯并咪唑;专利文献4公开了2-芳烷基苯并咪唑化合物如2-(4-氯苯基甲基)苯并咪唑;且专利文献5公开了2-芳烷基咪唑化合物如2-(4-氯苯基甲基)咪唑和2-(2,4-二氯苯基甲基)-4,5-二苯基咪唑。
然而,在使用含有这种咪唑化合物的表面处理剂的情况下,在铜表面上形成的化学层的耐热性仍然不理想。此外,在焊接时,焊料的润湿性不足,因此不能获得良好的焊接性。特别地,在使用无铅焊料代替共晶焊料进行焊接的情况下,难以将上述表面处理剂投入实际使用。
引用列表
专利文献
[专利文献1]JP-B-46-17046
[专利文献2]JP-A-4-206681
[专利文献3]JP-A-5-25407
[专利文献4]JP-A-5-186888
[专利文献5]JP-A-7-243054
发明内容
考虑到上述情形,完成了本发明。本发明的一个目的是提供一种表面处理剂和一种表面处理方法,所述表面处理剂在使用无铅焊料将电子部件等安装到印刷线路板上时,在构成印刷线路板的电路部件的铜或铜合金的表面上形成具有优异耐热性的化学层,同时改进对焊料的润湿性并使得焊接性良好。
另外,本发明的另一个目的是提供一种印刷线路板并提供一种焊接方法,所述印刷线路板通过使构成铜电路部件的铜或铜合金的表面与上述表面处理剂接触而得到,所述焊接方法通过使铜或铜合金的表面与上述表面处理剂接触、然后使用无铅焊料进行焊接而实现。
为了解决上述问题,本发明人进行了广泛且深入的研究。结果发现,通过利用含有由式(I)表示的咪唑化合物的表面处理剂对印刷线路板进行处理,能够在印刷线路板的电路部件的铜表面上形成具有优异耐热性、即能够抵抗无铅焊料的焊接温度的化学层,同时通过在使用无铅焊料进行的焊接中改进焊料对铜或铜合金表面的润湿性,获得了良好的焊接性,从而完成了本发明。
即,本发明在其最广泛的构型中包括如下方面:
(1)一种铜或铜合金用表面处理剂,所述表面处理剂包含由式(I)表示的咪唑化合物:
式中R1、R2和R3相同或不同且表示氢原子或具有1~8个碳原子的烷基;且选自R1、R2和R3中的至少一个是具有4个以上碳原子的烷基。
(2)一种铜或铜合金用表面处理方法,所述表面处理方法包括使所述铜或铜合金的表面与上面(1)所述的表面处理剂接触。
(3)一种印刷线路板,所述印刷线路板包含构成铜电路部件的铜或铜合金,其中已使所述铜或铜合金的表面与上面(1)所述的表面处理剂接触。
(4)一种焊接方法,所述焊接方法包括使铜或铜合金的表面与上面(1)所述的表面处理剂接触,然后进行焊接。
本发明的表面处理剂不但能够在构成印刷线路板的电路部件的铜或铜合金表面上形成具有优异耐热性的化学层,而且能够大大改进无铅焊料对物体表面的润湿性并使得焊接性良好。
此外,因为本发明的焊接方法使得可以使用不含有害金属铅的焊料,所以从环境保护的观点来看,其是有用的。
具体实施方式
下面将详细描述本发明。
用于本发明的咪唑化合物由式(I)表示:
式中R1、R2和R3与上述相同。
上述式(I)中的R1、R2和R3是氢原子或烷基,所述烷基是直链或支化的饱和脂族基团。这种烷基的实例包括甲基(1个碳原子)、乙基(2个碳原子)、丙基(3个碳原子)、异丙基(3个碳原子)、丁基(4个碳原子)、异丁基(4个碳原子)、仲丁基(4个碳原子)、叔丁基(4个碳原子)、戊基(5个碳原子)、己基(6个碳原子)、庚基(7个碳原子)和辛基(8个碳原子)。
用于实施本发明的咪唑化合物能够通过例如采用如下反应图式中所示的合成方法合成。
式中R1、R2和R3与上述相同且X表示氯原子、溴原子或碘原子。
作为用于实施本发明的由式(I)表示的咪唑化合物,其实例包括:
2-(4-丁基苄基)-4-苯基咪唑,
2-(4-叔丁基苄基)-4-苯基咪唑,
2-(2-仲丁基苄基)-4-苯基咪唑,
2-(4-戊基苄基)-4-苯基咪唑,
2-(4-己基苄基)-4-苯基咪唑,
2-(4-庚基苄基)-4-苯基咪唑,
2-(4-辛基苄基)-4-苯基咪唑,
2-苄基-4-(2-丁基苯基)咪唑,
2-苄基-4-(3-丁基苯基)咪唑,
2-苄基-4-(4-丁基苯基)咪唑,
2-苄基-4-(4-异丁基苯基)咪唑,
2-苄基-4-(4-仲丁基苯基)咪唑,
2-苄基-4-(4-叔丁基苯基)咪唑,
2-苄基-4-(4-戊基苯基)咪唑,
2-苄基-4-(4-异戊基苯基)咪唑,
2-苄基-4-(4-新戊基苯基)咪唑,
2-苄基-4-(2-己基苯基)咪唑,
2-苄基-4-(3-己基苯基)咪唑,
2-苄基-4-(4-己基苯基)咪唑,
2-苄基-4-(4-环己基苯基)咪唑,
2-苄基-4-(4-庚基苯基)咪唑,
2-苄基-4-(4-辛基苯基)咪唑,
2-苄基-5-丁基-4-苯基咪唑,
2-苄基-5-异丁基-4-苯基咪唑,
2-苄基-5-仲丁基-4-苯基咪唑,
2-苄基-5-叔丁基-4-苯基咪唑,
2-苄基-5-戊基-4-苯基咪唑,
2-苄基-5-异戊基-4-苯基咪唑,
2-苄基-5-新戊基-4-苯基咪唑,
2-苄基-5-己基-4-苯基咪唑,
2-苄基-5-庚基-4-苯基咪唑,
2-苄基-5-辛基-4-苯基咪唑,
2-(2-丁基苄基)-4-(2-甲基苯基)咪唑,
2-(4-丁基苄基)-4-(4-甲基苯基)咪唑,
4-(3-乙基苯基)-2-(4-己基苄基)咪唑,
2-(3-叔丁基苄基)-5-甲基-4-(3-甲基苯基)咪唑,
2-(4-己基苄基)-4-(4-异丙基苯基)-5-甲基咪唑,
2-(4-丁基苄基)-5-甲基-4-苯基咪唑,
2-(2-异戊基苄基)-4-苯基-5-丙基咪唑,
2-苄基-4-(4-丁基苯基)-5-甲基咪唑,
2-苄基-4-(4-叔丁基苯基)-5-甲基咪唑,
2-苄基-4-(4-己基苯基)-5-甲基咪唑,
2-苄基-4-(4-环己基苯基)-5-甲基咪唑,
2-苄基-5-甲基-4-(4-辛基苯基)咪唑,
2-苄基-4-(4-异丁基苯基)-5-甲基咪唑,
5-乙基-4-(4-己基苯基)-2-(3-甲基苄基)咪唑,
4-(2-庚基苯基)-2-(2-异丙基苄基)咪唑,
2-苄基-5-丁基-4-(4-甲基苯基)咪唑,
2-苄基-5-戊基-4-(4-丙基苯基)咪唑,
2-苄基-5-己基-4-(4-异丙基苯基)咪唑,
5-庚基-2-(4-甲基苄基)-4-(2-甲基苯基)咪唑,
2-(3-异丙基苄基)-5-辛基-4-苯基咪唑,
4-(4-叔丁基苯基)-5-甲基-2-(4-戊基苄基)咪唑,
2-(4-丁基苄基)-4-(4-己基苯基)咪唑,
5-己基-4-(4-异丁基苯基)-2-(4-甲基苄基)咪唑,
2-苄基-4-(异戊基)-5-新戊基咪唑,
2-(4-丁基苄基)-5-己基-4-苯基咪唑,
5-庚基-4-(4-异丙基苯基)-2-(4-戊基苄基)咪唑,
2-(4-己基苄基)-5-辛基咪唑,
5-庚基-4-(3-己基苯基)-2-(4-异丁基苄基)咪唑,和
4-(4-叔丁基苯基)-2-(4-新戊基苄基)-5-辛基咪唑。
将咪唑化合物用作通过将其溶于水中而制备的表面处理剂的活性成分。咪唑化合物可以例如以0.01~10重量%,优选0.1~5重量%的比例包含在表面处理剂中。当咪唑化合物的含量低于0.01重量%时,在铜表面上形成的化学层的膜厚度可能太薄,从而使得不能充分防止铜表面的氧化。另一方面,当其超过10重量%时,表面处理剂中的咪唑化合物可能无法完全溶解,或者存在即使在咪唑化合物完全溶解后也可能发生再沉淀的担忧,因此不是优选的。
顺便提及,在实施本发明时,在由式(I)表示的咪唑化合物中,可以仅使用其一种合适的咪唑化合物,但是也可以使用不同种咪唑化合物的组合。
在实施本发明时,在将咪唑化合物溶解在水中(形成水溶液)时,通常可以将有机酸或无机酸用作所述酸,但是可以同时使用少量有机溶剂。在这种情况下要使用的有机酸的代表性实例包括甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、乙醛酸、丙酮酸、乙酰乙酸、乙酰丙酸、庚酸、辛酸、癸酸、月桂酸、羟基乙酸、甘油酸、乳酸、丙烯酸、甲氧基乙酸、乙氧基乙酸、丙氧基乙酸、丁氧基乙酸、2-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)乙酸、2-[2-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)乙氧基]乙酸、2-{2-[2-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)乙氧基]乙氧基}乙酸、3-甲氧基丙酸、3-乙氧基丙酸、3-丙氧基丙酸、3-丁氧基丙酸、苯甲酸、对硝基苯甲酸、对甲苯磺酸、水杨酸、苦味酸、草酸、琥珀酸、马来酸、富马酸、酒石酸和己二酸;且无机酸的实例包括盐酸、磷酸、硫酸和硝酸。可以以0.1~50重量%、优选1~30重量%的比例将这种酸加入表面处理剂中。
并且,作为有机溶剂,适合的是低级醇如甲醇、乙醇和异丙醇,或者丙酮,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,乙二醇等,所述溶剂可与水自由混溶。
为了加速铜或铜合金表面上化学层的形成速率,可以向本发明的表面处理剂中添加铜化合物。并且,为了进一步增强所形成的化学层的耐热性,可以添加锌化合物。
铜化合物的代表性实例包括乙酸铜、氯化亚铜、氯化铜、溴化亚铜、溴化铜、碘化铜、氢氧化铜、磷酸铜、硫酸铜和硝酸铜;且锌化合物的代表性实例包括氧化锌、甲酸锌、乙酸锌、草酸锌、乳酸锌、柠檬酸锌、硫酸锌、硝酸锌和磷酸锌。它们两者可以以0.01~10重量%,优选0.02~5重量%的比例包含在表面处理剂中。
在使用这种铜化合物或锌化合物的情况下,除了有机酸或无机酸之外,可期望通过添加具有缓冲作用的物质,胺化合物如氨水、单乙醇胺、二乙醇胺或三乙醇胺来稳定溶液的pH。
为了进一步提高化学层的形成速率和所述层的耐热性,可以以0.001~1重量%、优选0.01~0.1重量%的比例将卤素化合物(使用在其更通用的含义中的“卤素”)添加到表面处理剂中。卤素化合物的实例包括氟化钠、氟化钾、氟化铵、氯化钠、氯化钾、氯化铵、溴化钠、溴化钾、溴化铵、碘化钠、碘化钾和碘化铵。
关于使用本发明的表面处理剂处理铜或铜合金表面的条件,表面处理剂的液体温度可以优选是10℃~70℃,接触时间可以优选是1秒~10分钟。接触方法的实例包括浸渍、喷雾和涂布方法。
并且,在按照本发明进行表面处理后,可以通过形成包含涂有热塑性树脂的化学层的双层结构来进一步增强耐热性。
即,在铜或铜合金的表面上形成化学层后,可以通过如下操作形成化学层和热塑性树脂的双层结构:溶解具有优异耐热性的热塑性树脂,并使用辊涂机等在化学层上以例如1~30μm的厚度均匀地涂布溶液,所述热塑性树脂可以由松香衍生物(例如,松香或松香酯)、萜烯树脂衍生物(例如,萜烯树脂或萜酚树脂)、烃树脂(例如,芳族烃树脂或脂族烃树脂)或者其在溶剂(例如,甲苯、乙酸乙酯或异丙醇)中的混合物构成。
适合实施本发明的无铅焊料的实例包括无铅焊料如Sn-Ag-Cu基、Sn-Ag-Bi基、Sn-Bi基、Sn-Ag-Bi-In基、Sn-Zn基和Sn-Cu基焊料。
本发明的焊接方法适用于流体焊接或回流焊接,所述流体焊接包括在焊接槽中的熔融液态焊料上移动印刷线路板以对电子部件与印刷线路板之间的接合部进行焊接,所述回流焊接包括预先按照电路图案在印刷线路板上印刷糊膏状焊料,在其上安装电子部件,并对整个印刷线路板进行加热以熔化焊料,从而完成焊接。
实施例
下面将参考实施例和比较例对本发明进行具体说明,但是不应当理解为将本发明限制于此。
(咪唑化合物)
用于实施例的咪唑化合物如下。
·2-(4-丁基苄基)-5-甲基-4-苯基咪唑(称为“IMZ-A”)
·2-(4-己基苄基)-4-苯基咪唑(称为“IMZ-B”)
·2-苄基-4-(4-丁基苯基)咪唑(称为“IMZ-C”)
·2-苄基-4-(4-仲丁基苯基)咪唑(称为“IMZ-D”)
·2-苄基-5-甲基-4-(4-辛基苯基)咪唑(称为“IMZ-E”)
·2-(4-丁基苄基)-5-己基-4-苯基咪唑(称为“IMZ-F”)。
用于比较例中的咪唑化合物如下。
·2-(4-甲基苄基)-4-苯基咪唑(称为“IMZ-G”)
·2-苄基-5-甲基-4-(4-甲基苯基)咪唑(称为“IMZ-H”)
·2-苯基咪唑(称为“IMZ-I”)
·2-壬基苯并咪唑(称为“IMZ-J”)
·2-(4-氯苄基)苯并咪唑(称为“IMZ-K”)。
下面示出用于实施例中的咪唑化合物(IMZ-A~IMZ-F)和用于比较例中的咪唑化合物(IMZ-G~IMZ-K)的化学式。
用于实施例和比较例中的评价试验方法如下。
(用于焊料向上流动率(flow-up rate)性能的评价试验)
将由玻璃环氧树脂制成的印刷线路板用作试验片,所述印刷线路板的尺寸为120mm(长度)×150mm(宽度)×1.6mm(厚度)并具有内径为0.80mm的300个铜通孔。对该试验片进行脱脂、软蚀并然后用水进行洗涤。其后,将试验片浸入保持在指定液体温度下的表面处理剂中并持续指定的时间周期,用水洗涤,并然后进行干燥,从而在铜表面上形成厚度为约0.10~0.50μm的化学层。
使用红外回流炉(商品名称:MULTI-PRO-306,由维特尼公司(Vetronix Co.,Ltd.)制造)对表面处理过的试验片进行两个循环的回流加热,其中峰值温度为240℃,并随后利用流体焊接装置进行焊接(传送带速度:1.0m/分钟)。
所用的焊料是组成为63%锡和37%铅(重量%)的锡铅共晶焊料(商品名:H63A,由千住金属工业株式会社(Senju Metal Industry Co.,Ltd.)制造),且用于焊接的助焊剂是JS-64MSS(由弘辉株式会社(Koki Co.,Ltd.)制造)。焊接温度是240℃。
另外,以与锡铅共晶焊料相同的方式使用无铅焊料对按上述进行处理的试验片表面进行焊接。所使用的焊料为无铅焊料(商品名称:H705“ECOSOLDER”,由千住金属工业株式会社制造),其组成为96.5%的锡、3.0%的银和0.5%的铜(重量%),且用于焊接的助焊剂为JS-E-09(由弘辉株式会社制造)。所述回流加热的峰值温度为245℃,且焊接温度也为245℃。
关于焊接的试验片,计算了(焊接的)的铜通孔数相对于铜通孔总数(300个孔)的比例(%),在所述(焊接的)铜通孔中,焊料填充直至铜通孔的上部(upper land)。
当焊料在铜表面上的润湿性大时,熔融焊料渗入到各个铜通孔内,由此熔融焊料易于对通孔进行填充至通孔上部。即,当上部被焊接的通孔数与通孔总数之比大时,应将焊料对铜的润湿性和焊接性判定为优异。
(用于焊料铺展性的评价试验)
将由玻璃环氧树脂制成的50mm(长度)×50mm(宽度)×1.2mm(厚度)的印刷线路板用作试验片。这种印刷线路板具有一种电路图案,其中在宽度方向上以1.0mm的间隔形成导体宽度为0.80mm且长度为20mm的10片铜箔电路。对试验片进行脱脂、软蚀并然后用水进行洗涤。其后,将试验片浸入保持在指定液体温度下的表面处理剂中并持续指定的时间周期,用水洗涤,并然后进行干燥,从而在铜表面上形成厚度为约0.10~0.50μm的化学层。
使用红外回流炉(商品名称:MULTI-PRO-306,由维特尼公司制造)对表面处理过的试验片进行一个循环的回流加热,其中峰值温度为240℃。其后,使用具有1.2mm孔径和150μm厚度的金属掩模将锡铅焊膏印刷在铜电路部件的中心上,并在上述条件下进行回流加热,并进行焊接。所使用的锡铅焊膏为由63%锡和37%铅(重量%)构成的共晶焊料(商品名称:OZ-63-330F-40-10,由千住金属工业株式会社制造)。
另外,以与锡铅焊膏相同的方式也使用无铅焊膏对按上述进行表面处理的试验片进行焊接。所使用的无铅焊料由96.5%的锡、3.0%的银和0.5%的铜(重量%)构成(商品名称:M705-221BM5-42-11,由千住金属工业株式会社制造)。将在焊膏印刷之前和之后获得的回流加热的峰值温度设定为245℃。
对在得到的试验片的铜电路部件上润湿和铺展的焊料的长度(mm)进行了测量。
当长度较长时,将焊料润湿性和焊接性判定为优异。
实施例1
在将作为咪唑化合物的2-(4-丁基苄基)-5-甲基-4-苯基咪唑、作为酸的乙酸和乳酸、作为金属盐的乙酸铜和乙酸锌以及作为卤素化合物的溴化铵溶解在去离子水中而使得具有如表1中所述的组成之后,利用氨水将pH调节至2.7,从而制得表面处理剂。
接着,将印刷线路板试验片于控制在40℃温度的表面处理剂中浸渍120秒,用水洗涤,然后干燥,从而测量焊料的向上流动率性能和焊料的铺展性。将这些试验结果示于表2中。
实施例2~6
使用如表1中所述的咪唑化合物、酸、金属盐和卤素化合物,按照与实施例1中相同的方式制备各自具有如表1中所述组成的表面处理剂,并在如表2中所述的处理条件下进行表面处理。关于所得的试验片,测量了焊料的向上流动率性能和焊料的铺展性。将这些试验结果示于表2中。
比较例1~5
使用如表1中所述的咪唑化合物、酸、金属盐和卤素化合物,按照与实施例1中相同的方式制备各自具有如表1中所述组成的表面处理剂,并在如表2中所述的处理条件下进行表面处理。关于所得的试验片,测量了焊料的向上流动率性能和焊料的铺展性。将这些试验结果示于表2中。
根据如表1和表2中所示的试验结果,据认为通过使本发明的表面处理剂与印刷线路板的铜电路部件接触,改进了共晶焊料或无铅焊料对印刷线路板的铜表面的润湿性,从而在铜表面上形成化学层,且大大改进了共晶焊料或无铅焊料对铜表面的焊接性(焊料的向上流动率性能、焊料的铺展性)。当然可以将本发明的表面处理剂用于使用共晶焊料的焊接,但是可以将其合适地用于使用无铅焊料的焊接中。
工业实用性
本发明的表面处理剂不但能够在构成印刷线路板的电路部件的铜或铜合金表面上形成具有优异耐热性的化学层,而且能够大大改进无铅焊料对物体表面的润湿性并使得焊接性良好。
并且,因为本发明的焊接方法使得可以使用不含有害金属铅的焊料,所以从环境保护的观点来看,其是有用的。
尽管已经参考其具体实施方式对本发明进行了详细描述,但是对本领域的技术人员显而易见的是,在不背离本发明范围的情况下,可以在其中进行各种变化和修改。
本申请以2008年9月1日提交的日本专利申请2008-223663号为基础,特此通过参考将其全部内容并入。
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