CN102133283B - 一种治疗便秘的药物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
Abstract
本发明“一种治疗便秘的药物及其制备方法”,属于中药组合物,是一种功能性保健食品,是羊肚菌(Morehella esculenta(L.)Pers)母种和黑木耳母种以中药原料药混合物的水提取液为培养基的发酵产物;所述中药原料药混合物为:郁李仁10~25份、肉苁蓉5~15份、火麻仁3~5份。所述药物的制备方法是将羊肚菌母种与黑木耳母种接种到所述水提取液中发酵。能够使便秘患者标本同治,从身体的代谢机能、肺腑功能上着手,根本解决引起便秘的因素,对身体无损害,治愈率高。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中药组合物,特别涉及一种治疗便秘的药物及其制备方法。
背景技术
由于现代人饮食越来越精细,加上生活节奏快,精神压力较大等诸多原因,从儿童到老人中都有很多人不同程度地受到便秘的困扰。从中医辨证来说,认为便秘为脏腑功能失调,肺肾阴虚,脾肾虚寒,引起津液不足,气机郁滞,从而导致结肠蠕动功能减弱或丧失,肠粘膜感受器敏感性减弱导致粪块在直肠堆积,形成结肠性便秘或直肠性便秘。
便秘的症状主要是:排便次数明显减少,每2~3天或更长时间一次,无规律,粪质干硬,常伴有排便困难感的病理现象。便秘按发病部位分类可分为:①结肠性便秘:由于结肠内、外的机械性梗阻引起的便秘称之为机械性便秘。由于结肠蠕动功能减弱或丧失引起的便秘称之为无力性便秘。由于肠平滑肌痉挛引起的便秘称之为痉挛性便秘。②直肠性便秘:由于直肠粘膜感受器敏感性减弱导致粪块在直肠堆积,见于直肠癌、肛周疾病等,这类原因引起的便秘一般为习惯性便秘,多见于中老年和经产妇女。
按中医分类法便秘可分为肠胃燥热型、气机郁滞型、气血不足型、脾肾阳虚型。肠胃燥热型便秘多因过食辛辣厚昧,过服温补之品等可致阳盛灼阴;热病之后,余热留恋肠胃,耗伤津液;或湿热下注大肠,使肠道燥热,伤津而便秘,这种便秘又称为热秘。气机郁滞型便秘多因情志不舒、忧愁思虑、久坐少动、久病卧床等引起气机郁滞,致使大肠传导失职、糟粕内停,而成秘结,即所谓“气内滞而物不行”。气血不足型便秘多因久病、产后、老年体衰、气血两虚;脾胃内伤、饮水量少,化源不足,病中过于发汗、泻下伤阴等;气虚则大肠转送无力,血虚津亏则大肠滋润失养,使肠道干槁,便行艰涩,所以称为虚秘。脾肾阳虚型便秘多因年高久病,肾阳虚损,阳气不运则阴邪凝结;或素有脾阳不足,又受寒冷攻伐,而致脾肾阳衰,温照无权则寒凝气滞,肠道传送无力,大便艰难,称为冷秘。便秘给患者带来很多难言之隐,如不早治疗,会导致发生痔疮、加重心脑血管疾病、腹疝、痤疮等,甚至直肠癌。
一般可以通过多运动,多喝水,改善生活作息规律及饮食组成来防治便秘的发生;但是对于严重的便秘患者,比如习惯性便秘患者,必须借助药物来增加肠道内的润滑和蠕动程度,并改善患者肺脏功能和内分泌机制,唤醒患者自身的代谢系统以彻底根治便秘。
目前治疗便秘的药物,有物理治疗和内服药物治疗两大类,物理治疗主要是向直肠内喷注润滑剂促进肠道蠕动并分解粪块,属于治标不治本的治疗方法。内服药物种类较多,主要机理为促进肠道蠕动,但是如上所述,便秘的原因非常复杂,仅仅促进肠道蠕动,也与物理治疗方法一样属于治标不治本的措施,很难从根本上解决问题。
发明内容
本发明根据上述领域的需要,提供一种治疗便秘的药物及其制备方法。
一种治疗便秘的药物,是羊肚菌(Morehella esculenta(L.)Pers)母种和黑木耳母种以中药原料药混合物的水提取液为培养基的发酵产物;所述中药原料药混合物为:郁李仁10~25份、肉苁蓉5~15份、火麻仁3~5份。
所述中药原料药混合物为:郁李仁20份、肉苁蓉10份、火麻仁5份。
所述羊肚菌母种指有增殖活力的羊肚菌菌丝,所述黑木耳母种指黑木耳菌丝。
以本发明的药物为有效成分的药剂。
上述治疗便秘的药物的制备方法,其特征在于:将羊肚菌母种与黑木耳母种接种到所述水提取液中发酵。
所述发酵步骤为:
(1)制备水提取液:将所述中药原料药的混合物,加饮用水煎煮提取两次,每次过滤取汁,后一次弃渣,合并两次所取的水提取物,所述水提取物中原料药的质量百分比为10~20%;
(2)接种:对水提取物进行常压灭活,待冷却至常温,接种羊肚菌菌丝母种和黑木耳菌丝母种;
(3)深层发酵:发酵时间为72~144小时。
所述常压灭活指常压下水蒸12小时。
所述深层发酵72~144小时后,对发酵产物进行放罐、浓缩、焙干、过筛最后得粉状制品。
技术效果
本发明提供一种治疗便秘的药物,是羊肚菌(ACCC50536)、黑木耳(ACCC54308)以中药提取液为液体培养基进行共菌发酵的产物;郁李仁富含植物油脂,服用之后肠道里产生脂肪酸,对肠道有轻微刺激,可以增加肠道的蠕动,肠道内容物推进加快,利于排便,《中国药典》上记载:“功能主治:润燥滑肠,下气,利水。用于津枯肠燥、食积气滞、腹胀便秘、水肿、脚气、小便不利”。羊肚菌:富含营养物质,有消食和胃、化痰理气、温补肝阳、增加人体免疫力的功效,从基本新陈代谢上调整肺腑功能,提高机体免疫力和肠胃蠕动力;肉苁蓉,营养丰富,用于补肾阳,益精血,润肠通便,用于阳痿,不孕,腰膝酸软,筋骨无力,肠燥便秘等症状,在本发明中主要用于提高患者肺腑功能,改善脾肾虚寒的症状,唤起人体主动分泌津液的机能;火麻仁是有营养的润肠通便物,与郁李仁配伍相辅相成,但其用量不可太大,内含一种酚类成分,多食会产生幻觉,在本发明在经过常压灭活和深层发酵之后,此酚类物会渐渐消失减少,对比原生饮片伤害会降低。黑木耳:富含黑木耳多糖,黑木耳母种在发酵生长过程中产生多种酶,能够充分将原料药的提取液中的糖元转化为合成木耳多糖的原料,变废为宝,使产物中药效成分更纯,通过发酵过程提高木耳多糖含量,节约成本。本发明的药物中,木耳多糖具有修复组织损伤、抗溃疡形成、提高机体免疫力的功能,对于本发明的药物发挥保护、修复肠胃特别是便秘患者的直肠粘膜具有重要的作用,其它几味原料药所起的作用各有偏重,共同相辅相成给予便秘患者调和补的作用,而原料药成分经过提取和发酵,其药效成分更纯,毒副作用更小。本发明的实验例证明本发明提供的药物治疗便秘,“标”和“本”兼治,患者初期需依赖本药物来改善便秘症状,随着服药疗程的推进,患者的脾肾肠胃得到循序渐进的调理,脾肾虚弱、气机郁滞,气血两虚等症状得到改善,新陈代谢机能逐渐恢复正常,机体恢复到正常健康的代谢周期,疗程结束后不再依赖药物,便秘症状完全消失,即治愈。具体每种药物成分的作用简介如下:
羊肚菌又称羊肚菜、美味羊肚菌、羊蘑,为盘菌目,羊肚菌科,羊肚菌属黑脉羊肚菌(Morchella angusticeps)的菌丝体。分布:我国河南,陕西、甘肃、青海、西藏、新疆、四川、山西、吉林、江苏、云南、河北、北京等地区。始载于《新华本草纲要》:“功效:和胃消食、理气化痰。主治:用于食积气滞、脘腹胀满、痰壅气逆喘咳。性味归经:甘,平。入脾、胃二经”。羊肚菌含抑制肿瘤的多糖,抗菌、抗病毒的活性成分,具有增强机体免疫力、抗疲劳、抗病毒、抑制肿瘤等诸多作用;羊肚菌所含丰富的硒是人体红细胞谷胱甘肽过氧化酶的组成成分,可运输大量氧分子来抑制恶性肿瘤,使癌细胞失活;另方面能加强维生素E的抗氧化作用。《中华本草》载:羊肚菌甘寒无毒,有益肠胃、化痰理气,主治消化不良,痰多咳嗽。羊肚菌“性平、味甘,具有益肠胃、消化助食、化痰理气、补肾、壮阳、补脑、提神之功能,对脾胃虚弱、消化不良、痰多气短、头晕失眠有良好的治疗作用。羊肚菌有机锗含量较高,具有强健身体、预防感冒、增强人体免疫力的功效。羊肚菌含有大量人体必需的矿质元素,每百克干样中钾、磷含量是冬虫夏草的7倍和4倍,锌的含量是香菇的4.3倍、猴头的4倍;铁的含量是香菇的31倍、猴头的12倍等”(引自徐锦堂,中国药用真菌学,1997年出版。在本发明中,羊肚菌还可以用尖顶羊肚菌、圆锥羊肚菌、美味羊肚菌、皱柄羊肚菌替代,这些羊肚菌在性味和功效上与本发明采用的黑脉羊肚菌相差无几,尤其以尖顶羊肚菌最最好。
郁李仁,郁李仁为蔷薇科植物郁李、欧李、榆叶梅、长梗扁桃等的种仁。英文名:SEMENPRUNI别名:山梅子、小李仁。郁子,郁里仁,李仁肉。性味:性平,味辛、苦、甘。性味归经:辛、苦、甘,平。归脾、大肠、小肠经。功能主治:润燥滑肠,下气,利水。用于津枯肠燥、食积气滞、腹胀便秘、水肿、脚气、小便不利。用于肠燥便秘,常配合火麻仁、瓜蒌仁同用。具有泻下作用,郁李仁所含郁李仁甙对实验动物有强烈泻下作用,其泻下作用机制类似番泻甙,均属大肠性泻剂,亦有实验证明,郁李仁水提取物及其脂肪油给小鼠灌胃有极显著的促进小肠运动作用,郁李仁种子的50%水煎剂能明显缩短燥结型便秘模型小鼠排便时间,排便次数明显增加。此外还有抗炎和镇痛作用,从郁李仁中提得的蛋白质成分IR-A和IR-B静脉给药有抗炎和镇痛作用。
肉苁蓉(Cistanche deserticola Ma)属列当科濒危种,别名大芸、寸芸、苁蓉、查干告亚(蒙语)。寄生在梭梭、红柳根部的寄生植物。分布于内蒙古、宁夏、甘肃和新疆,素有“沙漠人参”之美誉,具有极高的药用价值。性味:归经甘、咸,温。归肾、大肠经。功能主治补肾阳,益精血,润肠通便。用于阳痿,不孕,腰膝酸软,筋骨无力,肠燥便秘。用于肠燥便秘,与火麻仁.柏子仁等药同用。其对内分泌功能的影响:肉苁蓉煎剂10g/kg灌胃,可增强大鼠下丘脑-垂体-卵巢的功能,提高垂体对黄体生成素释放激素的反应性及卵巢对黄体生成素的反应性,而不影响自然生殖周期的内分泌平衡.能促进脱氧核糖核酸合成:肉苁蓉煎剂(0.5g/ml)0.5ml/只灌胃,对醋酸氢化可的松造成的“阳虚”小鼠,可增加其肝、脾脱氧核糖核酸的合成作用.对免疫功能的影响:肉苁蓉煎剂50、100mg/kg灌胃,连续7天,使小鼠胸腺、脾脏增重,腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬活性增强,血清溶血素抗体及脾细胞溶血空斑增加,对小鼠外周血淋转率增高,3H-TdR掺入淋巴细胞量增加,对小鼠迟发型超敏反应也增强;延缓衰老作用:肉苁蓉醇提取物给小鼠灌胃,每日2.5~31.25g(生药)/kg,连续18日,可显著提高红细胞超氧化物歧化酶活性,并降低心肌组织中脂褐质的含量.可延长果蝇的平均寿命、最高寿命和半数死亡数.另外,本品还有通便、降压、抗突变等作用.
火麻仁为桑科植物大麻(Cannabis sativa L.)的干燥成熟种子,别名又叫大麻仁、火麻、线麻子。味甘,性平,归脾、胃、大肠经,功效润肠通便、润燥杀虫,临床用名有火麻仁、炒火麻仁。有致泻作用:火麻仁能刺激肠粘膜,使分泌增加,蠕动加快,并减少大肠吸收水分,故有泻下作用。功能主治:润燥,滑肠,通淋,活血。治肠燥便秘,消渴,热淋,风痹,痢疾。月经不调,疥疮,癣癞。《本经》:补中益气。《别录》:主中风汗出,逐水,利小便,破积血,复血脉,乳妇产后余疾。《药性论》:治大肠风热结湿及热淋。《唐本草》:主五劳。《食疗本草》:取汁煮粥,去五脏风、润肺。治关节不通、发落,通血脉。《本草拾遗》:下气,利小便,去风痹皮顽,炒令香捣碎,小便浸取汁服;妇人倒产吞二七枚。《日华子本草》:补虚劳,长肌肉,下乳,止消渴,催生。治横逆产。《纲目》:利女人经脉,调大肠下痢;涂诸疮癞,杀虫;取汁煮粥食,止呕逆。《分类草药性》:治跌打损伤,去瘀血,生新血。
本发明还提供上述药物的制备方法,主要是先将配伍好的原料药郁李仁、肉苁蓉、火麻仁进行煎煮提取药用成分,去药渣后在提取液中接种适量的黑木耳母种和羊肚菌母种,然后在适宜温度下深层发酵72~144小时。
具体实施方式
实施例1.药物制备
步骤1.中药水提取物制备
中药原料及其重量份:郁李仁20份、肉苁蓉10份、火麻仁5份;
按上述原料药组分一共称取28kg,至于置于130kg饮用水中,大火煮沸,并用小火再煎煮两小时,过滤取汁约得到65~80kg,留药渣,并再注入130kg饮用水,大火煮沸后小火再煎煮约三小时,过滤取汁约得到60~75kg,弃渣,将两次药汁合并,使总计重量约150kg药物水提取液。
步骤2.制备黑木耳菌丝母种液及羊肚菌菌丝母种液
材料:黑木耳母种ACCC 50438:中国农业微生物菌种保藏管理中心(Agricultural CultureCollection of China英文缩写ACCC),保藏编号50438;
羊肚菌母种ACCC 50536:中国农业微生物菌种保藏管理中心(Agricultural CultureCollection of China英文缩写ACCC),保藏编号50536.
上述黑木耳母种和羊肚菌母种,申请人实验室亦有保存,并制备成试管菌丝母种,自申请日起二十年可向公众发放用于实验研究。用于本发明的黑木耳母种和灰树花母种也可以是商购途径得到,没有特别要求。
材料:
1.步骤1的药物水提取液
2.营养琼脂培养基;(上海中药昆虫生物科技开发有限公司康乐培养基厂)
3.酵母浸膏;(北京双旋微生物培养基制品厂)
4.磷酸氢二钾;(广东汕头西陇化工厂)
5.硫酸锌(分析纯);(上海兴塔化工厂)
6.DL-天冬酸;(天津华北地区特种试剂开发中心)
7.甘露醇;(广州佳德化工有限公司)
8.磷酸二氢钾;(青岛市广汇化工厂)
9.白糖;(超市购买)
10.高锰酸钾;(天津恒兴化学制剂有限公司)
11.福尔马林;(山东济南试剂厂)
12.菌丝母种试管。
器具:
1.500ml玻璃瓶;
2.手提高压锅,电煤双用;(上海申仪三厂)
3.摇床:D4-900;(江苏太仑市实验设备厂)
4.超净工作台;
5.酒精灯;
6.勾、耙、针、刀;
7.火柴;
8.消毒棉花;
9.75%乙醇;10.橡皮筋。
方法:
1).在15kg步骤1得到的药物水提取液内分别加入50g磷酸氢二钾、50g磷酸二氢钾、20g硫酸锌、20g天冬酸、20g甘露醇、500g白糖、200g酵母浸膏,搅拌并加温至100℃,放入1000g营养琼脂培养基,溶化后再添加中药水提取液制成25kg混浊液。
2).将12.5kg混浊液注入500ml玻璃瓶内,每瓶400ml,一共得12瓶,置入手提高压锅内在0.012MP/cm2,30min,取出后冷却至28℃-34℃,放入超净工作台内。
3).工具和器具以及灭活后的培养基放入超净工作台内,用30g高锰酸钾置入盛有50%福尔马林30ml的器皿中,接种用的勾、耙、针、刀放入该器皿中灭菌30min。将试管内黑木耳菌丝母种,切成3份,每份分别接入400ml/瓶的混浊液内,静养120min~150min。
4).在摇床上以20次/min,振荡72~96小时即分别得到黑木耳菌丝母种液。
重复步骤2)~4),在另外剩下的12.5kg混浊液中接种制备羊肚菌菌丝母种液。
步骤3.深层发酵
将步骤1获得的药物水提取液置于题为《食用菌液体菌种培养罐的罐盖及培养罐》专利号为ZL03270560.3的发酵罐中作为发酵底物。并将发酵罐推入《饱和蒸气无压锅炉》专利号为ZL200320126611.8的锅炉中常压水蒸汽灭活12小时。待罐内底物冷却至28~34℃时,用名称为“食用菌液体注射杆及包含该注射杆的注射器”专利号为ZL200320126960.X的接种注射器,将步骤2制备得到的黑木耳菌丝母种液和羊肚菌菌丝母种液注入到药物水提取液中;接种量:两种菌丝母种液与药物水提取液的体积比例都为5~15∶100,在21~24℃(其中羊肚菌菌丝生长的适宜温度为21~24℃,黑木耳菌丝生长适宜温度为:15~36℃)环境下深层发酵72~144小时,放罐。
步骤4.制取药物:
放罐后得到的深层发酵产物,进行浓缩,焙干,过筛得粉状制品8kg,部分保留粉剂状态,制成胶囊,每粒含0.35g粉剂。
实施例2
步骤1.中药水提取物制备
中药原料及其重量份:郁李仁10份、肉苁蓉5份、火麻仁3份;
按上述原料药组分一共称取18kg,至于置于140kg饮用水中,大火煮沸,并用小火再煎煮两小时,过滤取汁约得到65~80kg,留药渣,并再注入130kg饮用水,大火煮沸后小火再煎煮三小时,过滤取汁约得到60~70kg,弃渣,将两次药汁合并,总计重量约150kg药物水提取液。
其它步骤同实施例1.
实施例3
步骤1.中药水提取物制备
中药原料及其重量份:郁李仁25份、肉苁蓉15份、火麻仁4份;
按上述原料药组分一共称取27.5kg,至于置于140kg饮用水中,大火煮沸,并用小火再煎煮两小时,过滤取汁约得到65~80kg,留药渣,并再注入130kg饮用水,大火煮沸后小火再煎煮三小时,过滤取汁约得到60~70kg,弃渣,将两次药汁合并,总计重量约150kg药物水提取液。
其它步骤同实施例1.
实验例.临床统计
门诊观察病例200例
80例服用实施例1制备得到的胶囊或粉状制剂,3次/天,3颗/次(胶囊)或10g/次(粉剂),服用当天有效,两周后停药,治愈率为99%,未见不适者。
60例服用实施例2制备得到的胶囊或粉状制剂,3次/天,3颗/次(胶囊)或10g/次(粉剂),服用当天有效,两周后停药,有效率为99%,未见不适者。
60例服用实施例3制备得到的胶囊或粉状制剂,3次/天,3颗/次(胶囊)或10g/次(粉剂),服用当天有有效,两周后停药,有效率为99%,未见不适者。
上述实例最长服用两周,最短五天,见效后不存在对药物的依赖。
特殊病例:
潘晓龙,男,福建福州人,身份证号码:350102197212120398,电话:13085861239。便秘多年,经常加剧,数天不能排便,服药两周,已痊愈。
陈墨,女,福建宁德人,身份证号码:352221197201290064,电话:13950506568。便秘两年,服药五天,已痊愈。
Claims (8)
1.一种治疗便秘的药物,是羊肚菌母种和黑木耳母种以中药原料药混合物的水提取液为培养基的发酵产物;所述中药原料药混合物按如下重量份配制:郁李仁10~25份、肉苁蓉5~15份、火麻仁3~5份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的药物,所述中药原料药混合物按如下重量份配制:郁李仁20份、肉苁蓉10份、火麻仁5份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的药物,所述羊肚菌母种指有增殖活力的羊肚菌菌丝,所述黑木耳母种指有增殖活力的黑木耳菌丝。
4.以权利要求1~3任一所述药物为有效成分的药剂。
5.权利要求1~3任一所述药物的制备方法,其特征在于:将羊肚菌母种与黑木耳母种接种到所述水提取液中发酵。
6.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,所述发酵步骤为:
(1)制备水提取液:将所述中药原料药的混合物,加饮用水煎煮提取两次,每次过滤取汁,后一次弃渣,合并两次所取的水提取物,所述水提取物中原料药的质量百分比为10~20%;
(2)接种:对水提取物进行常压灭活,待冷却至常温,接种羊肚菌菌丝母种和黑木耳菌丝母种;
(3)深层发酵:发酵时间为72~144小时。
7.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法,所述常压灭活指常压下水蒸12小时。
8.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法,在所述深层发酵72~144小时后,对发酵产物进行放罐、浓缩、焙干、过筛最后得粉状制品。
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