CN102124089A - 润滑脂组合物 - Google Patents

润滑脂组合物 Download PDF

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CN102124089A
CN102124089A CN2009801320485A CN200980132048A CN102124089A CN 102124089 A CN102124089 A CN 102124089A CN 2009801320485 A CN2009801320485 A CN 2009801320485A CN 200980132048 A CN200980132048 A CN 200980132048A CN 102124089 A CN102124089 A CN 102124089A
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acid
grease composition
polyalkylene glycol
base oil
lithium
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S·达伊格林
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Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
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Abstract

润滑脂组合物，它包含：(i)聚亚烷基二醇基油，(ii)锂络合物增稠剂和(iii)含大于或等于18个碳原子的羧酸。本发明的润滑脂组合物特别适用于在双质量飞轮应用中降低摩擦。

Description

润滑脂组合物
技术领域
本发明涉及润滑脂组合物，特别是用于飞轮应用(特别是双质量飞轮应用)中的润滑脂组合物。
背景技术
润滑的主要目的是分隔彼此相对运动的固体表面，以最小化摩擦和磨损。最常用于这一目的材料是润滑油和润滑脂。润滑剂的选择主要由具体应用决定。
润滑脂是双质量飞轮应用中选择的润滑剂。双质量飞轮消除了过多的传动齿轮声响，减少了齿轮变化/偏移可能，和增加了燃料的经济性。双质量飞轮通常装配到标准手动传动的轻型柴油卡车及较高性能的奢侈车辆上，以减轻动力传动系统的振动。这允许车辆操作较长的时间段而没有长期损坏。
已知基于锂皂络合物的润滑脂用于飞轮应用中。已经发现这种润滑脂提供令人满意的润滑性能。但由于日益增加的高性能需求，期望提供用于质量飞轮应用中的显示出改进的润滑性能和特别是改进的摩擦降低性能的润滑脂。
发明内容
根据本发明，提供一种润滑脂组合物，它包含：
(i)聚亚烷基二醇基油；
(ii)锂络合物增稠剂；和
(iii)含大于或等于18个碳原子的羧酸。
根据本发明，进一步提供下面所述的润滑脂组合物在双质量飞轮应用中的用途。
根据本发明，进一步提供下面所述的润滑脂组合物降低摩擦的用途。
已经令人惊奇地发现，本发明的润滑脂组合物显示出优良的摩擦降低性能、以及良好的稳定性、良好的磨耗性能、高的离心力耐受性和增加的润滑脂寿命。
具体实施方式
本发明的润滑脂组合物包含聚亚烷基二醇基油作为基本组分。
对在本发明的润滑脂组合物中使用的聚亚烷基二醇基油没有特别限制，和可适宜地使用各种常规的聚亚烷基二醇。
根据本发明使用的聚亚烷基二醇(PAG)可显示出具有1-6个碳原子的环氧烷单元(-R-O-)作为单体单元。
聚亚烷基二醇可显示出氢端基、烷基、芳基、烷芳基、芳氧基、烷氧基、烷基芳氧基和/或羟基端基。烷基芳氧基还应当理解为是指芳基(亚)烷基氧基，和烷基芳基是指芳基(亚)烷基(例如芳基CH2CH2-)。烷基类型(包括烷氧基类型)的端基或芳基类型(包括烷芳基、芳氧基和烷基芳氧基类型)的端基优选显示出6-24个碳原子，基于芳基类型特别优选6-18个碳原子，和基于烷基类型优选1-12个碳原子。
优选此处所使用的聚亚烷基二醇的密度类似于在组合物中所使用的锂络合物皂(例如癸二酸锂、壬二酸锂)。此处所使用的聚亚烷基二醇的密度优选为900-1400kg/m3，更优选为950-1100kg/m3，甚至更优选为1000-1100kg/m3。
本发明的聚亚烷基二醇可以是均聚物即聚丙二醇(和/或聚环氧丙烷)或共聚物、三元共聚物等。对于后面的情况来说，单体单元可显示出无规分布或嵌段结构。若聚亚烷基二醇不是均聚物，则优选至少20％、优选至少40％的所有单体单元可由聚环氧丙烷(PO)产生，和另外优选这些聚亚烷基二醇中至少20％的所有单体单元可通过使用环氧乙烷(EO)产生(PO/EO共聚物)。根据进一步的实施方案，优选至少20％、优选至少40％的所有单体单元可由环氧丁烷(BO)获得，和另外优选这些聚亚烷基二醇中至少20％的所有单体单元可通过使用环氧乙烷获得(BO/EO共聚物)。
在此处优选的实施方案中，优选至少50％、更优选至少80％的所有单体单元可由环氧丙烷产生，其余可由环氧乙烷产生。
在此处特别优选的实施方案中，聚亚烷基二醇是环氧丙烷的均聚物。聚丙烯均聚物的合适实例可以商品名Synalox(RTM)商购于DowChemicals，例如Synalox(RTM)100-150B。
当使用(聚)醇时，将起始化合物结合到聚合物内，和根据本发明的含义，也称为聚合物链的端基。合适的起始基团由含活性氢的化合物如水、正丁醇、丙二醇、乙二醇、新戊二醇如季戊四醇、乙二胺、苯酚、甲酚或其它(C1-C16(单、二或三)烷基)芳烃、(羟烷基)芳烃、氢醌、氨基乙醇胺、三亚乙基四胺、多胺、山梨醇或其它糖类组成。其它C-H酸性化合物如羧酸或羧酸酐也可用作起始化合物。其它合适的起始化合物包括长链醇，例如C10-C18醇。
优选地，聚亚烷基二醇包括芳基或相应的杂芳基，例如作为侧链基或端基插入到聚合物链内；该基团视需要可被直链或支链的烷基或亚烷基取代，其中烷基或亚烷基均优选显示出1-18个碳原子。
环状醚醇例如羟基糠基或羟基四氢呋喃、氮杂环或硫杂环也可用作起始基团。这种聚亚烷基二醇公开于WO01/57164中，其教导在此通过参考引入。
优选地，本发明的聚亚烷基二醇的平均分子量(数均分子量)为200-6000g/mol，更优选为400-4000g/mol，甚至更优选为1000-3000g/mol，和特别为2000-3000g/mol。
本发明所使用的聚亚烷基二醇可通过使醇(其中包括聚醇)作为起始化合物与环氧烷例如环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷和/或环氧丁烷反应而生产。在反应之后，它们只有一个游离羟基作为端基。与具有两个游离羟基的聚亚烷基二醇相比，优选只有一个羟基的聚亚烷基二醇。就稳定性、吸湿性和相容性来说，特别优选在例如进一步醚化步骤之后不再包含游离羟基的聚亚烷基二醇。端羟基的烷基化导致热稳定性增加。因此，在本发明特别优选的实施方案中，PAG基油包括封端的PAG，即其中不存在游离羟基。
优选地，润滑组合物包含至少30wt％PAG基油，优选至少50wt％，更优选至少70wt％，基于润滑组合物的总重量计。甚至更优选只使用(一种或多种)PAG基油作为基油。
根据本发明的优选实施方案，PAG基油在40℃下的运动粘度(根据ASTM D445)为32-690，优选为100-300，更优选为150-250mm2/s。
除了聚亚烷基二醇基油以外，可包含进一步的基油，它可以是任何常规使用的矿物或合成来源的润滑油。但在本发明的优选实施方案中，基油只由一种或多种聚亚烷基二醇基油组成。
矿物来源的基油可以是矿物油，例如通过溶剂精制或加氢处理生产的矿物油。合成来源的基油通常可以是C10-50烃聚合物的混合物，例如α-烯烃的液体聚合物的混合物。它们也可以是常规的酯类，例如多元醇酯。基油也可以是这些油的混合物。优选地，基油是由RoyalDutch/Shell Group of Companies以名称“HVI”或“MVIN”销售的矿物来源的基油，是聚α-烯烃，或两者的混合物。也可使用合成烃基油，例如由Royal Dutch/Shell Group of Companies以名称“XHVI”(商标)销售的那些。若存在的话，在制备润滑脂中所使用的矿物润滑油基础原料可以是衍生于链烷烃、环烷烃和混合基础原油的任何常规精制的基础原料。
除了聚亚烷基二醇基油以外，本发明的润滑脂组合物还包含锂皂络合物增稠剂。
锂皂络合物在润滑脂内的存在量优选为组合物重量的2-30％，优选5-20％。
在优选的实施方案中，锂皂络合物包括C12-C24羟基脂肪酸的锂皂和C2-C12脂族二羧酸的锂皂。
更优选地，锂皂的羟基脂肪酸是C16-C20羟基脂肪酸。特别优选的羟基脂肪酸是羟基硬脂酸，例如9-羟基、10-羟基或12-羟基硬脂酸，更优选后者。也可使用蓖麻油酸，它是在9-10位上具有双键的12-羟基硬脂酸的不饱和形式。其它合适的羟基脂肪酸包括12-羟基二十二烷酸10-羟基棕榈酸。
二羧酸优选是C4-C12、更优选为C6-C10的脂族二羧酸。合适的酸的实例包括草酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸、戊二酸、己二酸、辛二酸、庚二酸、壬二酸、十二烷二酸和癸二酸。特别优选壬二酸和癸二酸。
C12-C24羟基脂肪酸和C2-C12脂族二羧酸优选以20∶1-1∶1、优选10∶1-1∶1、更优选8∶1-3∶1的重量比存在。
本发明的润滑脂组合物的另一基本组分是具有至少18个碳原子的长链羧酸。优选地，具有至少18个碳原子的长链羧酸的存在量为组合物重量的0.1-10％，优选为约1-10％，更优选为约1-5％。
优选地，长链羧酸选自具有18-90个碳原子的羧酸。在特别优选的实施方案中，长链羧酸选自二聚体酸和三聚体酸，它们是通式为R(COOH)n的多羧酸，其中n为2或3，和其中R是在24-90个碳原子、优选36-54个碳原子范围内的烃基，所述烃基可以是饱和或不饱和的。在典型的Diels-Alder反应中，通过使2分子的亚油酸反应，形成亚油酸二聚体酸。亚油酸三聚体酸是通过聚合三个分子的亚油酸形成的C54三羧酸，这三个分子通过它们的不饱和键连接在一起。亚油酸的二聚体酸和三聚体可以商品名Radiacid商购于Oleon Chemicals以及以商品名Unidyme商购于Arizona Chemicals。亚油酸的二聚体和三聚体的特别优选的实例是商购于比利时的Oleon Chemicals的Radiacid0975和Radiacid 0980，以及商购于Arizona Chemical，USA的Unidyme12(C18二聚体)。
各种常规的润滑脂添加剂可以以本应用领域中的通常用量结合到本发明的润滑脂组合物内，以赋予所述润滑脂一些所需的特征，例如氧化稳定性、粘性、极压性能和腐蚀抑制性能。合适的添加剂包括：一种或多种极压/耐磨剂，例如锌盐如二烷基或二芳基二硫代磷酸锌、硼酸盐、取代的噻二唑、聚合的氮/磷化合物(例如通过使二烷氧基胺与取代有机磷酸酯反应制备的)、胺磷酸酯、硫化的天然或合成来源的鲸油、硫化猪油、硫化酯、硫化脂肪酸酯和类似的硫化物质、有机磷酸酯(例如通式为(OR)3P＝O的，其中R是烷基、芳基或芳烷基)、和三苯基硫代磷酸酯；一种或多种过碱性含金属的清净剂，例如钙或镁的烷基水杨酸或烷基芳基磺酸盐；一种或多种无灰分分散剂添加剂，例如聚异丁烯基琥珀酸酐和胺或酯的反应产物；一种或多种抗氧化剂，例如受阻酚类或胺类，例如苯基α-萘胺；一种或多种防锈添加剂；一种或多种摩擦调节添加剂；一种或多种粘度指数改进剂；一种或多种倾点抑制添加剂；和一种或多种增粘剂。也可添加固体材料如石墨、细分的二硫化钼、滑石、金属粉末和各种聚合物如聚乙烯蜡，以赋予特定的性能。
为降低摩擦水平，本领域的技术人员主要寻求使用有机钼基制剂，和在这种润滑组合物的专利文献中有许多提议。
现在参考以下实施例描述本发明。
实施例1-3和对比例A
通过下述工序制备实施例1-3和对比例A的润滑脂。
将50％的基油与12-羟基硬脂酸、癸二酸和一水合氢氧化锂及100ml水一起引入到高压釜内。密闭高压釜，并加热到145℃。在达到排放温度之后，打开排放阀，并释放蒸汽30分钟。当蒸汽压力为0bar且排放阀仍然开启时，启动加热到215℃的温度。在达到215℃的温度之后，采用1℃/min冷却的夹套，冷却高压釜到165℃。在达到165℃之后，将剩余50％基油引入到容器内。然后冷却所述产物到80℃并将任何添加剂引入到该容器内。然后用三辊磨均化产物。
下表1中列出了所制备的润滑脂的组成。实施例1含有4％不饱和C18脂肪酸的规定二聚体，实施例2含有4％不饱和C18脂肪酸的规定三聚体。实施例3含有C18饱和脂肪酸，对比例A不含C18脂肪酸的二聚体或三聚体。
表1
 对比例A  实施例1  实施例2   实施例3
  Synalox 100-150B1  83.82  79.82  79.82   79.82
  LiOH-H2O  2.3  2.3  2.3   2.3
  癸二酸  1.88  1.88  1.88   1.88
  12-羟基硬脂酸  10  10  10   10
  Radiacid 09752  0  4  0   0
  Radiacid 09803  0  0  4   0
  Radiacid 01524  0  0  0   4
  Naugalube AMS5  0.5  0.5  0.5   0.5
  Ralox LC6  0.5  0.5  0.5   0.5
  Irganox L577  0.5  0.5  0.5   0.5
  Valirex Zn 8.08  0.5  0.5  0.5   0.5
1.商购于Dow Chemicals的聚丙二醇均聚物
2.商购于Oleon Chemicals的C18脂肪酸的二聚体
3.商购于Oleon Chemicals的C18脂肪酸的三聚体
4.商购于Oleon Chemicals的C18饱和脂肪酸
5.商购于Chemtura，USA
6.商购于Raschig，Ludwigshafen，德国
7.商购于CIBA Geigy Specialties，瑞士
8.商购于Corm Van Loocke，比利时
实施例4
测量摩擦系数
使用以下所述的测试方法，测量实施例1-3和对比例A的摩擦系数。
可采用动态扭矩测试设备进行质量飞轮的摩擦测试。对于必须符合材料规格的质量飞轮的所有内部部件来说，需要使用全新的组件。首先在不同速度和角度下在扭矩测试设备中调节质量飞轮至少4小时，以得到恒定的表面条件。根据测试部件的填充指导，用润滑脂(实施例或对比例的)填充质量飞轮，然后在120℃的温度、2000rpm和+/-30°角度振荡下利用0.25Hz进行测试。质量飞轮的摩擦值对应于一个完整振荡周期所需要的扭矩。根据跨越零值时每一方向位移后的最大扭矩减去跨越零值时每一方向的最小扭矩位移除以2，计算摩擦系数。
下表2中列出了实施例1-3和对比例A的摩擦系数。
表2
  实施例   摩擦系数
  A*   0.106
  1   0.059
  2   0.059
  3   0.082
*对比例
由表2的结果可看出，添加二聚体(C36)或三聚体(C54)酸到PAG和锂皂络合物中导致摩擦系数明显下降。

Claims (11)

1.一种润滑脂组合物，它包含：
(i)聚亚烷基二醇基油；
(ii)锂络合物增稠剂；和
(iii)含大于或等于18个碳原子的羧酸。
2.权利要求1的润滑脂组合物，其中所述羧酸包含18-54个碳原子。
3.权利要求1或2的润滑脂组合物，其中所述羧酸选自通式为R(COOH)n的二聚体和三聚体酸，其中n为2或3，和其中R是具有36-54个碳原子的烃基。
4.权利要求1-3任一项的润滑脂组合物，其选自亚油酸的二聚体和三聚体。
5.权利要求1-4任一项的润滑脂组合物，其中锂络合物增稠剂包括C12-C24羟基羧酸的锂皂和C2-C12二羧酸的锂皂。
6.权利要求5的润滑脂组合物，其中C12-C24羟基羧酸的锂皂是12-羟基硬脂酸锂。
7.权利要求5或6的润滑脂组合物，其中C2-C12二羧酸选自壬二酸、癸二酸及它们的混合物。
8.权利要求1-7任一项的润滑脂组合物，其中所述聚亚烷基二醇基油是聚丙二醇的均聚物。
9.权利要求1-8任一项的润滑脂组合物，其中所述聚亚烷基二醇基油的密度为900-1400kg/m3。
10.权利要求1-9任一项的润滑脂组合物在双质量飞轮应用中的用途。
11.权利要求1-10任一项的润滑脂组合物用于降低摩擦的用途。
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