CN102105300A - 形成单面瓦楞板的方法 - Google Patents
形成单面瓦楞板的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种使用自动化处理将基本上平面的片材粘结至瓦楞片材的方法,该方法的特征在于以下步骤:a)将粘合剂以不连续的量的形式施加至瓦楞片材的接触位置,以及b)将这些片材保持在一起,直到在它们之间形成粘结为止。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于形成单面瓦楞板的方法和机器。
背景技术
单面瓦楞纸板是众所周知的,并在工业中广泛使用,特别是在将其用作保护性填料和包装材料的包装工业中。在许多结构物体(例如,盒子、面板、托盘等)的生产中还将其用作基本部件。
可将多张单面瓦楞纸板粘结在一起,以形成各种厚度和强度的多层瓦楞纸板。这种纸板广泛使用的一个原因是其相对轻的重量、硬度及强度。
通过将波纹片材(典型地,是瓦楞芯纸(通常是循环使用的纸))粘结在衬纸片材上,来形成单面瓦楞纸板。虽然可使用其它材料,但是衬纸片材通常是牛皮纸。
在用于生产单面波纹纸板的传统机器中,通过使一张纸通过两个瓦楞辊之间来形成波纹片材。两个辊被布置为,使得在每个辊的外围处具有齿的互相啮合。在辊的齿之间供应一张纸,当辊的齿互相啮合时,其迫使纸进入凹槽。典型地通过形成于瓦楞柱体(corrugating cylinder)内的真空,使波纹片材保持与其中一个瓦楞辊的外围上的齿接触,至少直到增加衬纸为止。
将一行粘合剂施加至凹槽的峰顶(crest),以将衬纸粘结至波纹纸。典型地,用光面辊将一张衬纸压在峰顶上,以将衬纸与波纹纸粘结,从而形成单面瓦楞(或波纹)板。
该处理中的一个限制因素是,需要保持波纹片材与衬纸之间足够时间的接触,以形成粘结。在正常的室温和压力下,此时间可以是几秒钟或更长。然而,通过在粘结处理的过程中升高温度,并通过对峰顶与衬纸之间的接合处施加压力,可缩短此时间。
通常,用高压蒸汽来加热波纹纸和衬纸在其上移动的柱体,以增加纸的温度。对于瓦楞辊来说,工作温度可以是大约200℃。
可通过被布置为将衬纸压靠在有胶的峰顶上的压力辊,对衬纸与每个峰顶之间的接合处施加压力。当压力辊与瓦楞辊(其支撑波纹片材)之间的接触时间相对短时,通常需要高压来大幅度加速粘结处理。
对于此类型的装置(加热和高压),可将粘结时间缩短至几百分之一秒,以允许单面纸板的高速生产。然而,此装置的一个问题是,由压力辊施加的高压会使纸变形,并在衬纸的表面上留下不好看的标记,降低其价值。
在一些机器中,当衬纸和波纹片材在瓦楞辊周围移动时,用其它装置(例如环形带)将衬纸和波纹片材压在一起。这延长了施加压力的时间周期,并由此可使用更小的压力,从而不会使纸板的表面变形。
在美国专利No.5,951,817(Thomas)中公开了一种生产通常如上所述的单面纸板的机器的典型装置。
在美国专利No.5,951,817中描述的机器在波纹片材与衬纸之间具有有限的接触时间(并由此具有有限的粘结时间)——可由波纹片材/衬纸组合仅与瓦楞轮的1/3圆周接触来证明。这种有限的接触时间需要使用快干粘合剂,例如在工业中典型地使用的淀粉基胶粘剂。但是,淀粉基胶粘剂需要施加热量(例如,大约150℃)来激活。这导致如下所讨论的缺点。
虽然热量的使用可缩短在波纹片材与衬纸之间形成粘结所需的时间,并由此允许高产量,但是,其会引起许多明显增加机器成本和用于该处理的操作成本的工程问题。高压蒸汽的使用导致需要锅炉、管道工程和壳体,以确保总是能够容纳蒸汽。需要附加的安全措施来确保正确地产生和管理蒸汽,并确保所产生的热量在机器的操作过程中不会产生安全隐患。典型地,需要供热工程师来操作锅炉并维护加热系统,这会增加额外的技术人员的成本,并且,如果没有这样的工程师,可能停止生产。
对机器的基本元件增加高压蒸汽系统不可避免地会导致机器尺寸的增加,并由此增加机器的操作所需的空间。对更多空间的需求会增加生产单面波纹板所需的运行成本。
此外,高压蒸汽对许多材料具有高度的腐蚀性,并且,需要用适当的材料来制造那些暴露于蒸汽的机器零件(例如瓦楞辊)。这种材料(例如,变硬至HRC 58-62标准的合金钢48CrMo)通常昂贵而且重量大。用这种材料制成的机器会需要特别大的支撑结构,以保持机器的结构完整性。
施加压力的两种方法(辊和带)的一个问题是,所施加的压力会使一部分粘合剂在峰顶上扩散到衬纸和波纹片材之间的接触线之外,从而使周围的纸变湿。由于此扩散的粘合剂不处于压力下(一旦远离接触线),并且并非必须形成粘结,所以会需要进一步加热,以使纸和多余的(扩散的)粘合剂变干。这增加了生产成本,并可能限制处理的速度。
所扩散的粘合剂也可能转移至施加压力的装置(例如,辊或带)的表面,从而要求连续清洁该装置的表面。可将一部分粘合剂转移至衬纸的外表面,这在滚压后会导致储存过程中出现问题,因为相邻的片材会粘在一起,使得产品无法使用。此外,粘结剂会在表面上产生标记,对外观产生不利影响,并降低瓦楞板的价值。
传统机器的另一缺点是,通常,加热用来将纸(均是波纹的并用作衬纸)供应至瓦楞辊上的输纸辊和瓦楞辊,以在添加粘合剂之前使纸变干。这是为了减小纸的含水量,并为了产生快速的粘结时间。用来加热瓦楞辊并用来预热纸张的高压蒸汽的产生,会需要大量能量。
所有以上因素会明显增加用传统处理和机器制造的单面波纹板的成本。
本发明的一个目的是,解决前述问题或至少向公众提供有用的选择。
在本说明书中引用的所有参考文献(包括任何专利或专利申请)通过引证结合于此。不允许任何参考文献组成现有技术。参考文献的讨论表明了其作者坚持的是什么,并且,申请人保留挑战所引用的文献的准确性和相关性的权利。将明显地理解,虽然这里可能参考许多现有技术公开物,但是,此参考并不组成这样的许可:这些文献中的任何文献形成新西兰或任何其它国家中的技术中的公共一般知识的一部分。
公认地,在变化的权限下,可认为术语“包括”具有专有的或包含的含义。为了本说明书的目的,并且除非特别指出,术语“包括”应具有包含的含义,即,其将表示不仅包含其直接参考的所列出的部件,而且包含其它未指定的部件或元件。当关于方法或处理中的一个或多个步骤使用术语“包含”或“包括”时,也将使用此基本原理。
从仅通过实例给出的以下描述中,本发明的其它方面和优点将变得显而易见。
发明内容
根据本发明的一个方面,提供了一种用自动化处理将基本上平面的片材粘结至瓦楞片材的方法,该方法的特征在于以下步骤:
a)将粘合剂以不连续的量的形式施加至瓦楞片材的接触位置(contactpoint),以及
b)将片材保持在一起,直至形成粘结。
在一个优选实施例中,片材是牛皮纸。
在单面瓦楞板的形成中通常使用牛皮纸。然而,对本发明可考虑使用其它材料,并且,不应将在本说明书中对于片材是牛皮纸的参考看作是限制性的。
例如,瓦楞片材可能由以下材料制成:薄金属(例如铝);重复利用的纸(以通常叫做瓦楞芯纸的形式);以及某些塑料。
衬纸也可由多种片材制成,包括但不限于:涂有粘土的加工印刷纸(其可能是预印刷的)、玻璃纸,以及某些塑料。
应将对基本上平面的片材的参考理解为,表示具有基本上平的表面的片材或网状结构,在其中一个平面由单个平面表示(至少当用肉眼观察时)。
相反,应将瓦楞片材理解为,表示这样一种片材或网状结构,在其中将表面构造为一系列交替的峰顶和凹槽(through)(即瓦楞)。
用来形成单面瓦楞板的瓦楞片材中的瓦楞通常叫做凹槽(flute)。典型地,通过使一张牛皮纸通过一对关于彼此设置的瓦楞辊,从而使得瓦楞辊的齿在牛皮纸的任一侧上相互啮合,来形成凹槽。产生的凹槽的形状取决于瓦楞辊上的齿的形状和尺寸。例如,(没有限制地)凹槽可以是三角形的、正弦曲线形的、梯形的、锯齿形的、菱形的、正方形的或任何其它适当的重复起伏的形状。类似地,凹槽的尺寸由相等尺寸的齿决定,并可根据用于单面瓦楞板的端部应用而改变。
在一个优选实施例中,瓦楞片材具有基本上三角形的截面。
形成具有基本上三角形截面的凹槽的一个优点是,其用瓦楞辊上传统形成的齿来形成是相对简单的。
此外,与一些其它形状相比,三角形形状的凹槽可具有增加的强度,尤其是抵抗沿着凹槽的长度的压缩。
用来将衬纸粘结至波纹片材的峰顶(其中,衬纸和波纹片材由牛皮纸形成)的粘合剂,典型地是水基粘胶剂。
在本发明的第一步骤中,将水基粘胶剂以不连续的量施加至瓦楞或波纹片材的接触位置。换句话说,将粘合剂分别以不同的量施加,其在波纹片材的每个峰顶上隔开。
粘胶剂的不连续或不同的量可在形式上改变。
在一个实施例中,不连续的量可以是涂抹的形式,或者是间断线或泼溅的形式。
通过具有不连续的量,与传统方法的情况相比,对波纹片材施加更少的粘合剂。此外,不连续的量之间的分离使得,一旦已经对衬纸和波纹片材施加压力,能够在干燥区域上出现粘合剂的部分扩散。
在一个优选实施例中,以隔开的液滴(droplet)在峰顶上施加粘合剂。
可以想到,液滴将是粘结至表面的粘合剂的小圆形的,或梨形的部分,但是不应将其看作是限制性的。
液滴的优选尺寸可能取决于许多因素,包括波纹纸和衬纸的特性以及所使用的粘合剂的类型。然而,在所有情况中,液滴的尺寸应足够小,使得液滴基本上保持其形状,并且在其自身重量下不会毁坏(collapse)。这是很重要的,因为对于表面积来说相对高的体积(与一条或一行粘合剂相比)会减小湿气从液滴蒸发的速度,从而延长粘合剂的液滴在粘合剂变干之前使波纹纸的峰顶和衬纸变湿并渗透波纹纸的峰顶和衬纸的时间。
优选的液滴的尺寸是大约0.5mm3。通过当扩散时确定期望的粘合剂厚度,并通过由此当扩散的液滴到达其刚好彼此接触时的该厚度时分离设置液滴,来计算液滴之间的优选间隙。
将粘合剂以液滴来施加,可提供以下示例性优点中的至少一个或多个:
·将每个液滴直接施加至波纹纸的峰顶,从而减少通过其它方法可能不小心地施加至峰顶的侧面的粘合剂的量,并由此也减少纸变湿的量和所需的干燥时间。
·用液滴代替施加一宽条或一行粘合剂(如在现有技术中的),可明显减少施加至每个峰顶的粘合剂的量,从而节省成本。
·如果以与以液滴形式施加的粘合剂的量相同的量在峰顶上施加一平条粘合剂,那么,粘合剂(由于增加的表面积)将在相对短的时间内变干,并可能无法使衬纸变湿,以形成粘结。对于某些粘合剂,液滴的形式可能保持暴露于波纹纸的峰顶上几分钟,例如,如果机器在较短的时间内停止,那么,当机器重启时仍能够使衬纸变湿并形成粘结。如果以其它形式(例如,以条的形式)施加粘合剂,那么这是不可能的。
优选地,液滴隔开,使得,当将衬纸压靠在波纹纸的峰顶上时,液滴扩散,以在衬纸与峰顶之间形成粘合剂的基本上连续的细流。与用光面辊压靠在峰顶上来施加条形粘合剂的传统方法相比,通过压缩隔开的液滴而形成的细流,可产生基本上更细的粘合剂的线。此装置产生沿着峰顶而形成的有效的连续的粘结,与在传统方法中使用的粘合剂的量相比,具有明显减少的量。
在波纹片材的峰顶与衬纸之间形成粘结所需的时间将叫做粘结周期。对于一种具体的粘合剂来说,粘结周期取决于形成粘结时的温度以及在峰顶与衬纸之间所施加的压力。
然而,申请人考虑到,本方法可用来不施加热量地制造单面瓦楞板——即,基本上处于环境温度——例如5℃至30℃。在环境温度下,粘结周期可作为所施加的粘胶剂(作为液滴)的量以及在衬纸与凹槽的峰顶之间施加的压力的函数而改变,对于更高的所施加的压力和更少的粘胶剂来说,具有更短的粘结周期。
应该理解,本发明的粘合剂的选择是重要的。如在背景技术中指出的。淀粉基粘合剂需要大约150℃的激活温度。因此,对于本发明的使用来说,这种粘合剂将不是所期望的。在本说明书中,在后面讨论能在室温下快速固化并具有所需强度的适当的粘合剂。
本发明的显著优点是,其使得能够不施加热量地制造板。如在说明书中进一步讨论的,这消除了对昂贵的机器和能量需求的需要。应该理解,施加不连续的量的粘合剂,使得在环境温度下通过更短的粘结时间能够实现显著的优点。
在根据本发明的方法的第二步骤中,将衬纸压靠在波纹片材上足够的时间,以允许形成粘结。这可通过多种方式来实现。
在一个优选实施例中,用张紧环形带将平面片材压靠在瓦楞片材上。
用张紧环形带在衬纸上施加压力以将其压靠在波纹片材上,在本领域中是众所周知的,并且,不需要对实现该操作的设备进一步详细地讨论。
可将压力调节为处于或刚刚小于可使纸(衬纸和波纹纸)不变形而施加的最大压力。过大的压力会导致纸的折皱和/或撕破。最大压力将根据衬纸和波纹纸所使用的材料而改变。
在一个优选实施例中,将片材保持在一起不少于两秒钟。
申请人已经发现,使用被张紧以在不损坏衬纸的情况下将衬纸牢固地保持靠在峰顶上的环形带,并且具有适当的商业上可获得的粘合剂,在室温下需要将衬纸和波纹片材压在一起超过大约两秒钟的周期(按压时间),以确保衬纸与波纹板形成良好的粘结。
典型地,对于少于大约两秒钟的按压时间,或者,如果片材之间的压力过小,将不能形成单面瓦楞板。在这种情况中,瓦楞片材中的张力足以破坏粘结,使得衬纸离开波纹片材。
出于实际目的,在室温下,两秒钟至四秒钟之间的保持时间是理想的,大约三秒钟的按压时间是优选的。可使用大于四秒钟的按压时间,但是不是优选的,因为这种时间可能明显降低单面瓦楞板的生产率。
与通过使用高温和高压的组合由一些现有技术机器实现的按压时间相比,大约三秒钟的按压时间明显更短。然而,本发明的一个优点是,其在室温下可以可接受的速度生产大量的单面瓦楞板。这提供能够以降低成本和安全且有利于环境的方式生产单面瓦楞板的方法和设备的优点。
发明人考虑到,不连续地施加粘合剂液滴与增加的保持时间(与传统机器相比)的组合,使得能够使用能在室温下固化的粘合剂。
在一个优选实施例中,粘合剂是含有醋酸乙烯酯共聚物的水基分散体(dispersion)。
分散体形式的含有醋酸乙烯酯共聚物的水基粘合剂可能是优选的,因为,在正常使用时,其是无害的物质,因此,如果提供正常的通风,可以安全地使用。
醋酸乙烯酯共聚物分散体能在室温下相对快速地固化,并且不需要高的激活温度——与淀粉基粘胶剂不同。其具有低粘度、良好的粘结力和较长的敞露时间(open time)。需要相对低的粘度,以允许粘合剂容易流动(例如,当从涂布器转移至波纹片材时),同时,良好的粘合提供快速附接至表面的能力。
敞露时间是在正常温度和压力下,粘合剂能在损失其使相对表面变湿且渗入相对表面纤维中的能力之前具有暴露的表面的时间量度标准(measure)。需要此变湿和渗透,以在波纹纸与衬纸之间形成有效的粘结。具有相对长的敞露时间的粘合剂是优选的,因为粘合剂在施加至凹槽之前可能暴露于大气一段时间。
优选地,粘合剂是AdhesinTMZ9129W,由Henkel新西兰有限公司供应的醋酸乙烯酯共聚物。申请人已经发现,AdhesinTMZ9129W具有所需的粘度,以及用于与本发明一起使用所需的长的敞露时间。例如,AdhesinTMZ9129W具有范围在2100-2200m.Pa.S的粘度和0.5至1分钟之间的敞露时间。然而,考虑到也可使用其它具有相似特性的粘合剂。
对波纹片材的峰顶施加液滴形式的粘合剂(例如AdhesinTMZ9129W),并将衬纸压靠在峰顶上大约3秒钟以在波纹片材与衬纸之间形成粘结,这提供许多优于现有技术的显著优点。特别地,本方法可用来在室温下制造单面瓦楞纸板。因此,不需要加热瓦楞辊或使单面瓦楞板变干。这可转变成能量使用中的显著减小,并由此降低纸板的生产成本。
根据本发明的另一方面,具有一种用于以不连续的量施加粘合剂的涂布器(applicator),包括:
辊,
其特征在于,
辊的外表面具有成形表面。
该成形表面能具有许多形式,并且,在一个实施例中,其可以是凹入的或不规则的表面。在一些实施例中,该表面可以是U形凹槽的形式。
然而,优选地,成形表面是令人回想到方形波的微小瓦楞的形式。
应将对瓦楞表面的参考理解为,指的是形成为一系列峰顶和凹槽的表面。
在一个优选实施例中,峰顶(和凹槽)基本上是平行的,并在辊的圆周周围延伸。
在一个优选实施例中,这些峰顶形成螺旋形。
通过以形成(非锥形)螺纹的类似方式在辊的表面周围形成螺旋形切口,可在辊的表面上形成一系列峰顶。可将螺旋形切口或螺纹相对简单地加工成辊的光滑表面。与其它类型的或者峰顶的装置相比,这可降低形成涂布器的成本。
在其它实施例中,峰顶可形成同心圆。
优选地,可通过在涂布器的表面中切割(或成形)“V”形或方形凹槽来形成峰顶和凹槽。凹槽的实际形状不是主要的,但是,“V”形凹槽是优选的,因为相对容易将其加工成光滑的圆柱形表面。
在使用中,可用光滑表面捡拾辊对涂布器供应粘合剂。
例如,可使用喷嘴,或通过凹槽的风叶片(air blade)。
在具有捡拾辊的实施例中,将捡拾辊安装在粘合剂容器附近,使得当捡拾辊旋转时,其外表面涂覆有粘合剂。
将涂布器相对于捡拾辊安装,使得涂布器的峰顶与捡拾辊的表面牢固地接触。这样,将粘合剂从捡拾辊的表面转移至涂布器的表面中的凹槽中,涂布器的峰顶施加有少量粘合剂或不施加粘合剂。
捡拾辊与形成涂布器的一部分的辊之间的间隙确定所施加的胶粘剂的量。
涂布器的安装还使得涂布器的峰顶与瓦楞辊上的波纹片材的峰顶牢固地接触。通过此布置,当涂布器旋转时,其捡拾当其接触捡拾辊时在其表面上的凹槽中的粘合剂,然后,将粘合剂作为液滴沉积在波纹片材的峰顶上。
可通过每个凹槽的尺寸(宽度和深度)来确定用于每个液滴的粘合剂的量,同时,可通过相邻凹槽的间隔来确定液滴的间隔。
应该理解,凹槽应足够浅,以避免在纸上沉积太多胶粘剂。在一个优选实施例中,凹槽的深度仅为0.5mm,并且,凹槽的宽度仅为大约1mm。当然,这可根据本发明的需求而改变。
在一个优选实施例中,峰顶可采用尖缘的形式。
优选地,“V”形凹槽设置成使得每个凹槽与相邻凹槽邻接,以形成尖缘,从而使得通过一系列凹槽的截面形成连续的锯齿形图案。此设置可提供相邻液滴之间的最小间隔(对于每个凹槽的给定宽度)。
在一些其它实施例中,峰顶可具有平截面,在此情况中,液滴的间隔可相应地更大。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供一种通过将具有一个或多个峰顶的瓦楞片材粘结在基本上平面的片材上来制造单面瓦楞板的机器,该机器包括:
涂布器,被构造为将粘合剂施加至波纹片材的每个峰顶,以及
按压机构,用于将平面片材压靠在瓦楞材料的峰顶上,
其特征在于,
涂布器被构造为,将粘合剂以不连续的量的形式施加至瓦楞片材的峰顶,并且按压机构被构造为,将衬纸片材压靠在峰顶上,直到在它们之间形成粘结为止。
根据本发明的用于制造单面瓦楞板的机器具有许多与某些现有技术机器一样的特征。具体地,通过使片材通过第一和第二瓦楞辊的相互啮合的齿之间来形成波纹片材。通过第二瓦楞辊内产生的真空将波纹片材保持靠在第二瓦楞辊上,第二瓦楞辊通常具有比第一瓦楞辊更大的直径。
当第二瓦楞辊旋转时,波纹纸通过涂布器,在那里,将粘合剂施加至波纹片材的峰顶。
在一个优选实施例中,涂布器包括具有基本上如上所述的波纹表面的辊。
涂布器的瓦楞表面(如上所述)构造为,在波纹片材的峰顶上施加粘合剂的液滴。这与传统机器相反,在传统机器中,涂布器通常具有凸出表面,以将相对宽的粘合剂条或粘合剂行涂布在凹槽的峰顶上。
涂布器可旋转地安装,使得涂布器的外表面(峰顶)压靠在保持在第二瓦楞辊上的波纹纸的峰顶上。
在一个优选实施例中,按压机构是张紧环形带。
可将环形带构造为在多个辊周围移动,这些辊设置成使得当衬纸和波纹片材在第二瓦楞辊的外围周围移动时,将带保持与衬纸接触。
通过将两个端部导辊隔开地放置在第二瓦楞辊的外围周围,可实现此布置,此间隔限定带在其上与衬纸接触的距离。可安装两个端部导辊,以当其初始接触波纹片材时在衬纸上提供压力(经由带),并在从第二瓦楞辊去除单面波纹片材之前再次提供压力。
通过一个或多个剩余辊的调节,可张紧带,使得带对衬纸施加压力,以将其压靠在波纹片材上。
由于不需要加热,所以可使用标准的橡胶带,而不是用加热的辊使用的更奇特的材料。标准橡胶带的使用可引起对衬纸的表面产生更小的损坏,并由此产生更好的产品。在其它实施例中,环形带可由塑料或合成材料制成。
当在室温下应用时,本发明的一个优点是,可用热敏性材料形成环形带,该热敏性材料例如塑料、合成材料和一些在传统的加热处理中将不适合的橡胶。
在一个优选实施例中,环形带被构造为将片材压在一起超过2秒钟。
在一个优选实施例中,环形带被构造为,将片材压在一起大约2秒钟至大约4秒钟之间的时间。
通常,通过紧紧地被张紧靠在衬纸上的带,在正常室温下形成粘结所需的时间超过2秒钟。通常,大约3秒钟的时间是优选的,因为已经发现,在环境温度的正常范围(假设,5℃至30℃)内能提供可靠的粘结。
用这种机器生产单面瓦楞板的生产率取决于若干因素,包括:第二瓦楞辊的直径、带压靠于第二瓦楞辊的外围上的百分比,以及第二瓦楞辊的旋转速度。可改变这些因素,使得在室温下形成粘结所需的时间内,在衬纸与波纹片材之间施加压力。一旦发现方便的布置,可通过按比例调整这些因素来确定生产率。例如,如果环形带覆盖第二瓦楞辊的覆盖范围的百分比是固定的,那么,可通过选择第二瓦楞辊的适当直径和旋转速度来改变生产率。
本发明的方法的主要优点是,其提供在室温下以与传统方法相当的速度形成单面瓦楞板的能力。
换句话说,本发明允许有效地生产单面瓦楞板,不需要对该处理施加附加的热量。
通过以液滴形式对波纹薄片施加粘合剂,然后通过将衬纸压靠在波纹片材上直到形成粘结为止的组合,来实现此特征。仅施加液滴(不施加压力),或在将粘合剂施加为一条或一行以后按压(与传统方法中一样),均可导致形成粘结(并由此形成单面波纹板)所需的时间过长,从而在商业上是不实际的。
然而,通过组合这两个方面,可将在室温下形成粘结所需的时间减小至大约3秒钟。
在室温下形成单面瓦楞板的能力提供优于现有技术的一个或多个以下优点。
·与传统方法相比,通过不需要加热瓦楞辊并且不需要使纸变干,节省能量成本并降低碳覆盖区。这去除了对非常耗能的高压蒸汽的需求。
·节省机器的成本。由于不需要加热,显著地节省成本,不需要锅炉、管道工程以及高压蒸汽容器。此外,由于在室温下操作机器,可用更简单且更便宜的材料构造,例如(不限制)陶瓷、塑料或木材。由于这种材料通常更易于成形且比使用蒸汽的传统机器中使用的材料(通常是硬化钢)更轻,所以该机器制造起来可更便宜,并可由更轻的框架支撑,再次节省材料成本。
·节省空间。去除与加热相关的设备,可产生比传统的加热机器需要更少空间的机器。
·改进的安全性。由于机器在室温下操作,与高压蒸汽的产生和使用相关的危险不再存在。
·节省运行成本。除了能量使用的减少以外,本方法可导致明显消耗更少的粘合剂。
重要地,根据本发明的机器可具有这样的尺寸和成本,其使得适于单面瓦楞板的现场生产。传统的加热机器通常较大、建造和操作耗能且昂贵。因此,通常在集中的位置中操作这种机器,将单面瓦楞板或由其制成的产品运输至消费者。
根据本发明的机器的尺寸是可调整的,主要因为不需要加热设备。因此,根据本发明的机器可具有适于在消费者的场所安装和操作的尺寸,例如在现场包装。这可对消费者节省成本,因为消费者将控制供应,并且,将没有因不在现场的生产导致的运输和处理成本。
附图说明
从仅通过实例并参考附图的以下描述中,本发明的其它方面将变得显而易见,附图中:
图1示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的单面机器的局部的示意性侧视图;
图1A示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的图1中的机器的涂布器部分的特写(close up);
图2示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的涂布器的边缘部分的示意图;
图3A示出了具有施加至峰顶的粘合剂的液滴的波纹片材的示意性侧视图;以及
图3B示出了波纹片材的示意性透视图,沿着其中两个峰顶的每个上具有一行隔开的粘合剂液滴。
具体实施方式
通常用图1所示的示意性侧视图中的箭头1表示用于形成单面瓦楞板的机器的一部分。
第一瓦楞辊2具有设置在第一瓦楞辊2的外围周围的齿2’,齿2’在第一瓦楞辊2的宽度上横向地延伸。
第二瓦楞辊3在其外围周围具有齿3’。第二瓦楞辊3的直径基本上比第一瓦楞辊2的直径大。
这样设置瓦楞纹辊2和3,使得第一瓦楞辊2的齿2’与第二瓦楞辊3的齿3’在由数字16指示的区域中相互啮合。
对第一瓦楞辊2提供动力以在顺时针方向上旋转,并对第二瓦楞辊3提供动力以在逆时针方向上旋转,如相应的虚线箭头所指示的。
在第一瓦楞辊2周围并在箭头16的区域中的相互啮合的齿之间,供应一张牛皮纸7形式的平面片材。当齿相互啮合时,齿的动作将牛皮纸折成一系列峰顶,以形成波纹片材8。
牛皮纸可以是重复利用的或未用过的纸,并理想地是大约90至150gsm。
第二瓦楞辊3包括开口通道(未示出),使得通过将真空泵(未示出)连接至瓦楞辊3的一端,在瓦楞辊3内产生部分真空。第二瓦楞辊3内的此部分真空用来将波纹片材8保持在适当的位置并靠在第二瓦楞辊3的齿3’上。
胶辊4形式的涂布器具有被构造为一系列在辊的圆周周围延伸的峰顶和凹槽的外表面。通过在胶辊4的表面周围及其上延伸的螺旋“V”形切口形成这些峰顶。
相邻的“V”形凹槽21,22在一行处汇合,以形成辊4的峰顶20。每个峰顶20具有如图2所示的尖缘,使得系列的峰顶在横截面中形成锯齿形图案。
胶辊4可旋转地安装在第二瓦楞辊3的旁边,胶辊4的旋转轴基本上与瓦楞辊3的旋转轴平行。将胶辊4的轴从第二瓦楞辊3的轴偏移一距离,使得胶辊4的峰顶20保持靠在保持在第二瓦楞辊3的齿中的波纹片材8的峰顶上。
捡拾辊5可旋转地安装在基本上平行于胶辊4的轴的轴上,并设置成使得捡拾辊5的表面与胶辊4的每个峰顶牢固地接触。
容器6容纳有AdhesinTMZ9129W形式的粘合剂。容器6被设置为使得当捡拾辊5旋转时,捡拾辊5的外表面涂覆有AdhesinTMZ9129W。
第一瓦楞辊2、第二瓦楞辊3、胶辊4以及捡拾辊5均具有与波纹片材8的宽度相当的宽度。
粘合剂从捡拾辊5的表面转移至胶辊4的凹槽21、22中。当胶辊4以在胶辊沿着接触线9接触波纹纸8的峰顶时对应于瓦楞辊的外围速度旋转时,胶辊4承载粘合剂,在接触位置处,粘合剂以液滴的形式从凹槽21,22转移至峰顶18上。
在图3A中,通常用箭头17表示一张波纹纸的示意性侧视图,其中,已将液滴19沉积到峰顶18上。
图3B示出了沿着一张波纹纸的峰顶18沉积的多个不连续的液滴19的示意性透视图。
回过来参考图1,用通常由箭头17指示的张紧带组件将衬纸10形式的第二张平面的牛皮纸压靠在波纹片材8上。
通过如现有技术中已知的第一端部导辊11、第二端部导辊12、两个导辊14以及张力辊23的作用,将环形带13保持在适当的位置靠在第二瓦楞辊3的外围上。
第一端部导辊11与第二端部导辊12的分离确定了环形带13在其上对衬纸10施加压力的长度。此分离大约相当于第二瓦楞辊3的外围的四分之三,这大约是可获得的最大长度(以便为第一瓦楞辊2和导辊4留下空间)。
通过(相对于第二瓦楞辊3的轴线)径向地调节张力辊23的位置,对环形带13施加张力。
实际上,将带13中的张力调节至出现损坏(通常是衬纸和/或波纹纸的折皱或撕破的形式)的程度。然后,通过使张力辊23后退,将张力减小至低于不出现损坏的此阈值的最低张力。施加至带13以实现带13靠在辊3上的恰当压力的张力的量,取决于许多因素,包括用于衬纸和波纹片材的性质。衬纸10与波纹纸9的连接形成瓦楞板15。
镐形件(pick)24就在端部导辊12附近的后面。镐形件24用来帮助使所粘结的单面瓦楞板15不被第二瓦楞辊3内的真空所保持。
在此布置中,单面瓦楞板15的生产率由第二瓦楞辊3的直径和旋转速度决定。通过使环形带13在第二瓦楞辊3的大约四分之三外围周围延伸,这将旋转时间固定在大约20转每分,与辊3的直径无关。然而,所产生的量取决于辊3的直径D(单位是米),并假设是(对于如上所述的结构)20πD米每分钟,即,大约是辊3的直径(单位是米)的63倍米每分钟。
例如,具有1.6m直径的第二瓦楞辊3可能产生大约100m/min的单面纸板。
图1A是图1所示的机器的特写,并且,更清楚地示出了胶辊4A上的瓦楞。
已经仅通过实例描述了本发明的多个方面,并且应理解,在不背离如权利要求中定义的其范围的前提下,可对其进行修改和添加。
Claims (23)
1.一种使用自动化处理将基本上平面的片材粘结至瓦楞片材的方法,所述方法的特征在于以下步骤:
a)将粘合剂以不连续的量的形式施加至所述瓦楞片材的接触位置,以及
b)将所述片材保持在一起,直到在它们之间形成粘结为止。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述片材由纸制成。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中,所述片材中的至少一种由牛皮纸制成。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述粘合剂是水基粘胶剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中,所述粘合剂包括醋酸乙烯酯共聚物分散体。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其中,所述粘合剂具有范围在2100-2200m.Pa.S的粘度和0.5至1分钟之间的敞露时间。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的方法,其中,粘合剂的不连续的量是液滴的形式。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的方法,其中,被施加为将片材粘结在一起的压力由环形张紧带施加。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的方法,其中,将片材压在一起的时间不小于两秒钟。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其中,所述时间为两秒钟至四秒钟。
11.一种用于将粘合剂以不连续的量的形式施加至瓦楞片材的涂布器,所述涂布器包括:
辊,
其特征在于,所述辊的外表面具有成形表面。
12.一种用于将粘合剂以不连续的量的形式施加至瓦楞片材的涂布器,其中,成形表面是瓦楞的形式。
13.根据权利要求12所述的涂布器,其中,所述辊上的瓦楞的峰顶形成螺旋形。
14.一种用于制造单面瓦楞板的机器,所述机器包括根据权利要求11至13中任一项所述的涂布器。
15.根据权利要求14所述的机器,其中,粘合剂由捡拾辊施加至所述涂布器。
16.根据权利要求14或15所述的机器,其中,所述涂布器相对于所述捡拾辊安装,使得所述涂布器的峰顶与所述捡拾辊的表面牢固地接触。
17.根据权利要求13至15中任一项所述的机器,其中,所述涂布器相对于所述机器的安装使得涂布器瓦楞的峰顶与所述瓦楞片材的峰顶牢固地接触。
18.一种通过将具有一个或多个峰顶的瓦楞片材粘结在基本上平面的片材上来制造单面瓦楞板的机器,所述机器包括:
涂布器,被构造为将粘合剂施加至所述瓦楞片材的峰顶,以及
按压机构,用于将平面片材压靠在所述瓦楞片材的峰顶上,其特征在于,
所述涂布器被构造为,将粘合剂以不连续的量的形式施加至所述瓦楞片材的峰顶,并且所述按压机构被构造为保持所述平面片材靠在所述峰顶上,直到在瓦楞片材的峰顶与平面片材之间形成粘结为止。
19.一种单面瓦楞板,所述单面瓦楞板通过根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的方法制造。
20.一种单面瓦楞板,所述单面瓦楞板通过根据权利要求11至18所述的机器制造。
21.一种方法,所述方法基本上如本文在具体实施方式部分中描述的并参考附图说明的。
22.一种涂布器,所述涂布器基本上如本文在具体实施方式部分中描述的并参考附图说明的。
23.一种机器,所述机器基本上如本文在具体实施方式部分中描述的并参考附图说明的。
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PCT/NZ2009/000085 WO2009145642A1 (en) | 2008-05-27 | 2009-05-26 | Method of forming single face corrugated board |
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- 2009-05-26 AU AU2009251935A patent/AU2009251935B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2009-05-26 SG SG2013034491A patent/SG190630A1/en unknown
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- 2009-05-26 NZ NZ588750A patent/NZ588750A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2009-05-26 CN CN201610069110.2A patent/CN105643991A/zh active Pending
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- 2009-05-26 EP EP09755098.2A patent/EP2313264A4/en not_active Withdrawn
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US11420418B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2022-08-23 | Scorrboard Llc | Methods and apparatus for producing scored mediums, and articles and compositions resulting there from |
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US11001027B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2021-05-11 | Scorrboard Llc | Methods and apparatus and systems for establishing a registered score, slit or slot in a corrugated board, and articles produced there from |
CN109312540A (zh) * | 2016-03-22 | 2019-02-05 | 斯高堡德有限责任公司 | 相对于机器方向凸印在纸张产品中产生凹槽的系统和方法 |
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US11027515B2 (en) | 2016-04-20 | 2021-06-08 | Scorrboard Llc | System and method for producing multi-layered board having at least three mediums with at least two mediums being different |
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US11465385B2 (en) | 2016-04-20 | 2022-10-11 | Scorrboard Llc | System and method for producing a facing for a board product with strategically placed scores |
US11465386B2 (en) | 2016-04-20 | 2022-10-11 | Scorrboard, Llc | Method for producing multi-layered board having at least three mediums with at least two mediums being different |
CN110139750A (zh) * | 2016-07-27 | 2019-08-16 | 加拿大克瑞文股份有限公司 | 复合板件及其形成方法 |
CN110612204A (zh) * | 2017-02-22 | 2019-12-24 | 乔治·特拉尼 | 用于制备纤维材料的连续幅材的方法和设备 |
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