CN102082233B - 新的有机化合物及使用该化合物的有机发光器件 - Google Patents
新的有机化合物及使用该化合物的有机发光器件 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102082233B CN102082233B CN2010105191242A CN201010519124A CN102082233B CN 102082233 B CN102082233 B CN 102082233B CN 2010105191242 A CN2010105191242 A CN 2010105191242A CN 201010519124 A CN201010519124 A CN 201010519124A CN 102082233 B CN102082233 B CN 102082233B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C13/00—Cyclic hydrocarbons containing rings other than, or in addition to, six-membered aromatic rings
- C07C13/28—Polycyclic hydrocarbons or acyclic hydrocarbon derivatives thereof
- C07C13/32—Polycyclic hydrocarbons or acyclic hydrocarbon derivatives thereof with condensed rings
- C07C13/62—Polycyclic hydrocarbons or acyclic hydrocarbon derivatives thereof with condensed rings with more than three condensed rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C13/00—Cyclic hydrocarbons containing rings other than, or in addition to, six-membered aromatic rings
- C07C13/28—Polycyclic hydrocarbons or acyclic hydrocarbon derivatives thereof
- C07C13/32—Polycyclic hydrocarbons or acyclic hydrocarbon derivatives thereof with condensed rings
- C07C13/62—Polycyclic hydrocarbons or acyclic hydrocarbon derivatives thereof with condensed rings with more than three condensed rings
- C07C13/66—Polycyclic hydrocarbons or acyclic hydrocarbon derivatives thereof with condensed rings with more than three condensed rings the condensed ring system contains only four rings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C13/00—Cyclic hydrocarbons containing rings other than, or in addition to, six-membered aromatic rings
- C07C13/28—Polycyclic hydrocarbons or acyclic hydrocarbon derivatives thereof
- C07C13/32—Polycyclic hydrocarbons or acyclic hydrocarbon derivatives thereof with condensed rings
- C07C13/62—Polycyclic hydrocarbons or acyclic hydrocarbon derivatives thereof with condensed rings with more than three condensed rings
- C07C13/66—Polycyclic hydrocarbons or acyclic hydrocarbon derivatives thereof with condensed rings with more than three condensed rings the condensed ring system contains only four rings
- C07C13/68—Polycyclic hydrocarbons or acyclic hydrocarbon derivatives thereof with condensed rings with more than three condensed rings the condensed ring system contains only four rings with a bridged ring system
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C211/00—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C211/43—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton
- C07C211/57—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings being part of condensed ring systems of the carbon skeleton
- C07C211/60—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings being part of condensed ring systems of the carbon skeleton containing a ring other than a six-membered aromatic ring forming part of at least one of the condensed ring systems
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C211/00—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C211/43—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton
- C07C211/57—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings being part of condensed ring systems of the carbon skeleton
- C07C211/61—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings being part of condensed ring systems of the carbon skeleton with at least one of the condensed ring systems formed by three or more rings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D209/56—Ring systems containing three or more rings
- C07D209/80—[b, c]- or [b, d]-condensed
- C07D209/82—Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles
- C07D209/86—Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to carbon atoms of the ring system
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- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/06—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
本发明提供一种包括顺序层压的第一电极、至少一个有机层和第二电极的有机发光器件,在该有机发光器件中,所述有机层的至少一层含有作为核的多环芳香烃,并包含至少一种其中取代或未取代的C2-30环烷烃或取代或未取代的C5-50多环烷烃直接稠合到所述核上或稠合到所述核的取代基上的衍生物;并提供用于所述有机发光器件的新的有机化合物。此外,本发明提供一种载流子提取、注入或传输材料,其含有作为核的多环芳香烃,并包含取代或未取代的C2-30环烷烃或取代或未取代的C5-50多环烷烃直接稠合到所述核上或稠合到所述核的取代基上的衍生物。
Description
本申请是申请日为2006年9月15日、申请号为200680033880.6和发明名称为“新的有机化合物及使用该化合物的有机发光器件”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种可用于有机发光器件的有机层的新化合物及使用该化合物的有机发光器件。
本申请要求韩国专利申请号2005-0086501的权利(2005年9月15提交),其全部内容在此引入作为参考。
背景技术
通常,术语“有机发光现象”是指通过有机材料将电能转化为光能的现象。具体而言,当有机层置于阳极和阴极之间,然后在两个电极之间施加电压时,来自阳极的空穴和来自阴极的电子注入到所述有机层,注入的空穴和电子结合在一起形成激子。更进一步地,激子降至基态而发光。
除了上述通过从两个电极注入的电荷的再结合而发光的有机发光现象外,在无机薄膜发光器件的情况下,另外一个机理是空穴和电子不是从外部电极注入,而是在应用交流电压下由两性电荷产生层产生,并且空穴和电子移至有机薄膜层而发光(Appl.Phys.Lett.,85(12),2382-2384)。
由于Pope、Kallman和Magnate在1963年已发现蒽单晶中的电致发光,到目前已对OLED(有机发光器件)进行了积极的研发。最近,有机发光器件已用于多种应用的产品,如平板显示器件和照明设备。
为制造更有效率的有机发光器件,已尝试用多层结构代替单层结构的形式制备器件中的有机层。大多数目前使用的有机发光器件是有机层和电极沉积的结构。所述有机层通常具有包括空穴注入层、空穴传输层、发光层、电子传输层和电子注入层的多层结构。
已知有机发光器件的特点是高亮度、高效率、低驱动电压、颜色可变性、低成本等。但是,为满足这些特点,形成器件中的有机层的各层(例如,空穴注入层、空穴传输层、发光层、电子传输层和电子注入层)必须由更稳定和有效的材料形成。
发明内容
技术问题
本发明人试图进行分子设计以解决如蒽、萘、芘、红荧烯和苝的多环芳香烃衍生物的分子间的相互作用引起的问题,所述衍生物在有机发光器件中能够进行空穴传输、发光和/或电子传输。
技术方案
因此,本发明的目的是提供一种新的有机化合物,其具有至少一个环烷烃或多环烷烃(polycycloalkane)直接连接到作为核的多环芳香烃上或连接到其取代基上的结构。
有益效果
根据本发明,通过大的环烷烃或多环烷烃部分(位阻保护作用),具有至少一个环烷烃或多环烷烃直接稠合到(fused)作为核的多环芳香烃上或稠合到所述多环芳香烃的取代基上的结构的衍生物能够最大化地减少化合物间的相互作用,并能够进一步显示出诱导效应和超共轭效应。
因此,当根据本发明的化合物用于有机发光器件时,由于减少了化合物间的相互作用,能够有效地显示出具有在发光效率上少量减少并具有高的色纯度的发光色,并且也能够提高器件的使用寿命、效率和热稳定性。
附图说明
图1~5为说明用于本发明的一般的有机发光器件的结构的剖面图。
[附图标记]
1:基板 2:阳极
3:空穴注入层 4:空穴传输层
5:有机发光层 6:电子传输层
7:阴极
具体实施方式
本发明提供一种包括顺序层压的第一电极、至少一个有机层和第二电极的有机发光器件,在该有机发光器件中,所述有机层的至少一层含有作为核的多环芳香烃,并包含至少一种其中取代或未取代的C2-30环烷烃或取代或未取代的C5-50多环烷烃直接稠合到所述核上的衍生物。
进一步地,本发明提供一种包括顺序层压的第一电极、至少一个有机层和第二电极的有机发光器件,在该有机发光器件中,所述有机层的至少一层含有作为核的多环芳香烃,并包含至少一种其中取代或未取代的C2-30环烷烃或取代或未取代的C5-50多环烷烃直接稠合到作为核的多环芳香烃的取代基上的衍生物。
此外,本发明提供一种载流子提取(charge carrier extracting)、注入或传输材料,其含有作为核的多环芳香烃,并包含取代或未取代的C2-30环烷烃或取代或未取代的C5-50多环烷烃直接稠合到所述核上或稠合到所述核的取代基上的衍生物。
另外,本发明提供由下述化学式(1)表示的化合物、由下述化学式(2)表示的化合物和由下述化学式(3)表示的化合物,其能够完成发光材料、空穴传输材料和电子传输材料的至少一种功能。
(3)
表示稠合到多环芳香烃的取代基上的取代或未取代的C2-30环烷烃或取代或未取代的C5-50多环烷烃(其中R表示R7和R8;以及A″表示A4和A5)。在这种情况下,所述苯环包含在其上稠合环烷烃或多环烷烃的多环芳香烃的取代基部分;以及
在R1和R2不同时为氢原子的情况下,取代基R1~R10彼此相同或不同,并各自选自由氢、卤素、腈基(-CN)、硝基(-NO2)、磺酰基(-SO2R′)、亚砜基(-SOR′)、磺酰胺基(-SO2NR′2)、磺酸酯基(-SO3R′)、三氟甲基(-CF3)、酯基(-COOR′)、酰胺基(-CONHR′或-CONR′R″)、取代或未取代的直链或支链C1-12烷氧基、取代或未取代的直链或支链C1-20脂族烃基、取代或未取代的芳香或非芳香杂环基、取代或未取代的芳基、取代或未取代的单-或二芳基胺基和取代或未取代的芳烷基胺基组成的组,两个R′可形成稠环,或两个R′彼此直链连接而形成作为聚合物的多环芳香烃衍生物。
在这种情况下,R′和R″各自选自由取代或未取代的C1-60烷基、取代或未取代的芳基和取代或未取代的5-7元杂环基组成的组。
在R′和R″中,各C1-60烷基、芳基和杂环基可被选自一个或多个胺基、酰胺基、醚基和酯基的一个或多个任选的基团取代。
在所述化学式中,所述芳基可选自由苯基、联苯基、三联苯基、苄基、萘基、蒽基(anthracenyl group)、并四苯基(tetracenyl group)、并五苯基(pentacenyl group)、苝基(perylenyl group)和晕苯基(coronenylgroup)组成的组,并且这些基团可以被单取代、多取代或未取代。
在这种情况下,当所述取代基为取代芳基,尤其是取代苯基时,其可包含双键或三键。
化学式中芳香杂环基的例子包括由噻吩、呋喃、吡咯、咪唑、噻唑、噁唑、噁二唑、噻二唑、三唑、吡啶、哒嗪、吡嗪、喹啉和异喹啉衍生的基团。
化学式中C1~20脂族烃基的例子包括烷基,如甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、戊基、己基;具有双键的链烯基,如苯乙烯基;以及具有三键的炔基,如乙炔基。
在化学式(1)中,k和l为0、1或2的整数(在k+l≥1的情况下);以及m和n为1~4的整数。
在化学式(2)中,o为1或2的整数;以及p和q为1~4的整数。
在化学式(3)中,r和s为1~4的整数;以及在t+u≥1的情况下,t和u为0~2的整数。
在k、l、o、p、q、r、s、t和u为2或更大的整数的情况下,不但用相同取代基而且还用不同取代基取代芳环的几个位置。
取代的环烷烃或取代的二环烷烃的取代基的不受限制的例子包括C1-6烷基。
本发明的实施方式
下文将详述本发明。
如蒽、萘、芘、红荧烯和苝的多环芳香烃可起到发色团作用。尤其是,具有蒽作为核的有机化合物在如有机发光器件的有机电子器件中广泛用于空穴传输材料、发光材料(包括掺杂剂)、电子传输材料等。
如化学式(1)、(2)和(3)所示,本发明的特征在于提供具有如蒽、萘、芘、红荧烯和苝的多环芳香烃作为核的衍生物,在所述衍生物中,空间上大的环烷烃或多环烷烃直接稠合到所述核上或稠合到所述核的取代基上。
在本发明中,多环烷烃优选为二环烷烃(bicycloalkane)。
根据本发明,具有多环芳香烃作为核且其中取代或未取代的C2-30环烷烃或取代或未取代的C5-50多环烷烃直接稠合到所述核或稠合到所述核的取代基上的衍生物能用作有机发光器件中的发光材料,以及用作发光主体或发光掺杂剂。尤其是,通过控制引入的取代基或共轭长度,根据本发明的多环芳香烃衍生物能够发出蓝、绿和红光。
根据本发明的多环芳香烃衍生物的例子包括由化学式(1)~(3)表示的化合物。
根据本发明的多环芳香烃衍生物进行光吸收或发光,因此决定其主要波长带。
另一方面,直接稠合到所述多环芳香烃核上的取代或未取代的C2-30环烷烃或取代或未取代的C5-50二环烷烃能够将发色团的波长移至更长的波长。
由于蒽本身具有两性,可根据引入的取代基选择性地传输空穴或电子。
稠合到多环芳香烃上的环烷烃或多环烷烃能够提供非平面结构(例如椅型),其对于多环芳香烃类似于独立的环烷烃或多环烷烃而不像平面芳环。因此,通过进一步显示无定形特性,能够防止器件发生由操作如有机发光器件的有机电子器件时产生的焦耳热引起的结晶导致的故障。
此外,由于稠合到多环芳香烃上的环烷烃或多环烷烃空间上相对较大,所以能够增加所述化合物的熔点和玻璃化转变温度;所述化合物具有坚固的分子结构,因此其具有高量子效率;并且通过大分子结构的空间位阻,能够减少由分子间的相互作用产生的猝灭效应和负面作用(例如由宽发光带引起的光纯度的劣化)而增强分子自身的特性。此外,通过向分子中引入空间上大的环烷烃或多环烷烃,所述多环芳香烃能够改进作为能够抑制主体之间的分子间相互作用的掺杂剂的功能。
尤其是,芳香核被环烷烃或多环烷烃构架包围的结构中,由于环烷烃或多环烷烃构架的诱导效应和超共轭效应,芳香核的电子密度发生变化,因此大大稳定了阳离子自由基。特别地,由于环烷烃或多环烷烃构架,所述多环芳香烃具有强于核本身的p-型性质(p-typebehavior)。此外,电化学氧化测定证明,环烷烃或多环烷烃构架的数量越多,氧化反应越容易,阳离子自由基越稳定(见J.Am.Chem.Soc.1998,120,6012-6018和Tetrahedran Letters(1997),38(19),3427-3430)。
因此,其上直接稠合了环烷烃或多环烷烃的多环芳香烃可用作空穴传输材料。不同于US专利6465115公开的蒽衍生物,被环烷烃或多环烷烃环绕的结构在电化学方面更稳定(阳离子自由基),并且其能级(HOMO)被最优化。因此,改进了作为空穴传输材料的多环芳香烃的稳定性,因此获得了稳定的形态并利于空穴注入。
稠合到所述多环芳香烃上的环烷烃或多环烷烃的数量优选为1~4。
根据本发明的稠合的环烷烃具有2~30、优选3~8个碳原子。
根据本发明的稠合的多环烷烃具有5~50、优选5~25个碳原子。
在本发明中,作为核的多环芳香烃可以为被例如化学式(1)~(3)中描述的R1~R6、R9和R10的至少一个取代基(R)取代的衍生物。
另一方面,当取代或未取代的C2-30环烷烃或取代或未取代的C5-50多环烷烃稠合到所述多环芳香烃的核的取代基上时,苯环优选包含在稠合的取代基部分。
由化学式(1)表示的化合物的具体例子包括但不限于由下述化学式(1-1)~(1-13)表示的化合物:
在由化学式(1)表示的化合物的一般制备方法的例子中,可以合成蒽醌衍生物,并通过还原反应将合成的蒽醌衍生物还原为蒽,并且可以通过例如包括溴化的卤化反应的化学反应向蒽的9-或10-位上引入多种取代基(例如Suzuki偶联反应、胺反应)。制备方法可由下述反应式A表示:
[反应式A]
由化学式(2)表示的化合物的具体例子包括但不限于由下述化学式(2-1)~(2-6)表示的化合物:
在由化学式(2)表示的化合物的一般制备方法的例子中,通过一般稠环化(fused cyclization)的反应位点的最大值可以为3,并且通过如化学式(1)中的一般化学反应可以制备多种衍生物。具体而言,可以通过引入多种作为起始原料的二酮(例如莰醌)衍生物合成多种稠环化合物。
制备方法可由下述反应式B表示:
[反应式B]
由化学式(3)表示的化合物的具体例子包括但不限于由下述化学式(3-1)~(3-6)表示的化合物:
此外,由化学式(3)表示的化合物中可以包括由化学式(1-7)和(1-8)表示的化合物。
由化学式(3)表示的化合物的一般制备方法的例子可由下述反应式C表示。在这种情况下,当使用包含溴的卤素衍生物代替蒽醌时,可通过相同的合成方法合成由化学式(3)表示的化合物。
[反应式C]
在下文即将描述的制备实施例中更详细地说明由化学式(1)、(2)和(3)表示的化合物的制备方法。
另一方面,具有多环芳香烃作为核的衍生物(其中取代或未取代的C2-30环烷烃或取代或未取代的C5-50多环烷烃直接稠合到所述核上或稠合到所述核的取代基上)可以起到作为载流子提取、注入或传输材料的功能。在这种情况下,载流子可以为空穴或电子。
需要在电极与有机层之间空穴传输的有机电子器件通常包括两个或更多个电极和一个或多个置于其间的有机层。根据下述工作原理可将所述有机电子器件大体分为两个类型。
一个类型是具有如下结构的有机电子器件:其中通过从外部能量流入到器件中的能量在有机层中形成激子,并且所述激子分为电子和空穴,形成的电子和空穴用作电流源(电压源)。该类型的有机电子器件的例子包括有机太阳能电池和例如有机光电导体(OPC)的传感器。
另一类型是通过空穴和/或电子直接注入到半导体有机层而操作的电子器件,通过向两个或更多个电极施加电压,所述半导体有机层与电极形成界面。该类型电子器件的例子包括通过从两个电极同时注入电子和空穴而进行发光的有机发光器件和具有开关功能的有机晶体管,在所述有机晶体管中,通过施加到二极管或栅极的电压,在有机层形成的空穴从源极(下文称为“源”)传输到漏极(下文称为“漏”)。
为了改进需要在电极和有机层之间空穴传输的有机电子器件的器件性能,提高电极和有机层之间的空穴注入和提取效率(extractionefficiency)和/或有效地将有机层中形成的空穴传输到电极或其它有机层是重要的。为了这一目的,通过形成发生主反应(例如,在有机太阳能电池的情况下,有机层由外部光源通过光子形成电子和空穴,在有机晶体管的情况下,有机层通过施加到栅极的电压形成空穴)的至少一个首先需要的有机层和例如电荷注入有机层(下文指“电荷注入层”)、电荷提取有机层(下文指“电荷提取层”)和电荷传输有机层(下文指“电荷传输层”)的其他有机层而尝试进行大多数电子器件的器件性能上的改进。
因此,根据本发明的载流子提取、注入或传输材料可用于如有机发光二极管、有机太阳能电池、有机晶体管和有机光电导体(OPC)的有机电子器件的有机层。
在这种情况下,根据本发明,具有多环芳香烃作为核的衍生物(其中取代或未取代的C2-30环烷烃或取代或未取代的C5-50多环烷烃直接稠合到所述核上或稠合到所述核的取代基上)也可以与0.1~99.0wt%的无机金属、无机盐或不同的有机材料混和。
下文将详述根据本发明的有机发光器件。
所述有机发光器件具有包括基板、阳极、阴极和置于所述阳极和阴极之间的至少一个有机层的结构。如果需要,可以根据功能进一步细分置于所述阳极和阴极之间的有机层,因而增加了有机层的数量,相反,一个层可以具有多种功能,因而减少了所述有机层的数量。
优选地,根据本发明的有机发光器件可以具有包括从底部到顶部顺序层叠的基板、阳极、空穴注入层、空穴传输层、发光层、电子传输层和阴极的结构。进一步地,如果需要,可在电子传输层和发光层之间设置空穴阻挡层以防止空穴移入电子传输层。
所述有机发光器件的结构的例子示于图1~5,但不限于此。在图1中,所述有机层分为四个部分。图2显示同时起到电子传输层和发光层作用的发光层的例子。图3显示同时起到空穴注入和空穴传输作用的空穴传输层的例子。图4显示同时起到空穴注入层、空穴传输层和发光层三种作用的发光层的例子。图5显示同时起到空穴注入层、空穴传输层、电子传输层和发光层作用的发光层的例子。
在根据本发明的有机发光器件中,各层可以为薄膜的形式,并且所述薄膜可以根据使用的材料通过常规的制备方法形成。例如,所述薄膜可通过CVD(化学汽相沉积)、EB(电子束汽相沉积)、热汽相沉积、溅射或高真空下的热蒸镀而形成,或者可选择地在将所述衍生物溶于溶液后通过旋涂、辊涂、丝网印刷、浸涂、刮涂、喷墨印刷或热转印而形成。
根据本发明,具有多环芳香烃作为核的衍生物(其中取代或未取代的C2-30环烷烃或取代或未取代的C5-50多环烷烃直接稠合到所述核上或稠合到所述核的取代基上)可用作具有上述结构的有机发光器件中的发光材料或用作用于激发能转移(excited energy movement)的发光主体或掺杂剂,用于协助其他掺杂剂发光。根据本发明的多环芳香烃衍生物可以两种或更多种类型结合使用,并且在不损害本发明的性能的范围内与其他发光染料结合。
当根据本发明的多环芳香烃衍生物用作具有比形成发光层的主体小的能带隙的掺杂剂时,在主体上产生的激子传输到掺杂剂上,因而发出具有高效率的光。
当根据本发明的多环芳香烃衍生物用作掺杂剂时,可在包含所述衍生物的层的全部或部分掺杂该衍生物,并且可以均匀掺杂或掺杂为在其膜厚度的方向上具有浓度分布。相对于主体材料,所述化合物的掺杂量优选为10-3~15wt%,更优选为0.1~10wt%。
此外,根据本发明的多环芳香烃衍生物除了具有上述发光性质外,还具有用于有机发光器件的有机层必须的其他性质,例如空穴注入、空穴传输、电子传输和电子注入性质。
根据本发明的多环芳香烃衍生物优选包含在有机发光器件的发光层中。当空穴传输层和/或电子传输层具有作为发光层的功能而不单独形成发光层时,所述衍生物可以包含在空穴传输层和/或电子传输层中。
包含根据本发明的多环芳香烃衍生物的有机发光器件能够提高使用寿命和热稳定性。其原因在于,通过向其中引入空间上大的环烷基,(1)能够提高所述多环芳香烃衍生物的熔点和玻璃化转变温度,因而提高热稳定性;以及(2)通过进一步显示无定形特性,可以防止器件由于有机发光器件运行时产生的焦耳热引起结晶而发生的故障。
为更好地理解本发明,给出下述制备实施例和实施例。但是,给出下述制备实施例和实施例仅是为了更好地理解本发明的目的,因此本发明不受其限制。
制备实施例1:合成化学式1-1的化合物
[反应式1]
(1)合成化合物1a
萘满(50.5mL,371mmol)和邻苯二甲酸酐(50.0g,338mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(60mL)中,在0℃下向其中缓慢加入AlCl3,在0℃下搅拌所述混合物30分钟,缓慢升至常温以进行4小时反应。反应混合物的溶液注入到冰水中,分离有机相,水相用二氯甲烷萃取两次。合并所述有机相,在无水MgSO4中干燥,过滤,然后减压下浓缩。用二氯甲烷和石油醚重结晶所述剩余物,从而得到化学式1a的化合物(84g,89%)。
MS[M+H]281
(2)合成化合物1b
化合物1a(10g,35mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(30mL),向其中加入SOCl2(3.9mL,53.4mmol)以进行反应12小时。所述反应混合物在减压下浓缩以除去SOCl2,然后剩余物溶于二氯甲烷(30mL)。所述溶液冷却到0℃,向其中缓慢加入AlCl3,所述混合物升至常温以进行反应3小时。反应混合物注入到冰水中,分离有机相,水相用二氯甲烷萃取两次。合并所述有机相,在无水MgSO4中干燥,过滤,然后减压下浓缩。用柱色谱法纯化所述剩余物,从而得到化合物1b(3.0g,32%)。
MS[M+H]262
(3)合成化合物1c
化合物1b(4.0g,15mmol)加入到冰醋酸(250mL),向其中缓慢加入HI(40mL),所述混合物回流8小时。终止反应后,将所述混合物冷却至常温,将反应混合物注入到硫代硫酸钠水溶液中,然后用乙醚萃取。有机相在无水MgSO4中干燥,过滤,然后减压下浓缩。用柱色谱法纯化所述剩余物,从而得到化合物1c(1.1g,31%)。
MS[M+H]233
(4)合成化合物1d
化合物1c(1.5g,6.4mmol)溶于DMF(30mL),向其中加入NBS(N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺)(2.87g,16.1mmol)以进行反应10小时。所述反应混合物注入到水中,用二氯甲烷萃取。有机相在无水MgSO4中干燥,然后减压下浓缩。用二氯甲烷和乙醇重结晶剩余物,从而得到化合物1d(1.2g,47%)。
MS[M]390
(5)合成化学式1-1的化合物
化合物1d(1.3g,2.5mmol)溶于THF(四氢呋喃),向其中顺序加入2-萘基硼酸(0.9g,5.0mmol)和4M K2CO3(2.56mL),回流所述混合物。终止反应后,分离有机相,用乙酸乙酯萃取水相。合并有机相,在无水MgSO4中干燥,过滤,然后减压下浓缩。用柱色谱法纯化所述剩余物,然后用乙酸乙酯和乙醇重结晶,从而得到化学式1-1的化合物(1.1g,87%)。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)8.08(d,2H),8.05-8.02(m,2H),7.98(s,2H),7.96-7.92(m,2H),7.68-7.58(m,8H),7.42(s,2H),7.25-7.22(m,2H),2.81-2.76(br,4H),1.78-1.73(五重峰,4H);MS[M+H]485
制备实施例2:合成化学式1-2的化合物
使用制备实施例1中相同的步骤直到合成化合物1d的步骤。此外,除了在从化合物1d合成化学式1-1的化合物的步骤中使用1-萘基硼酸代替2-萘基硼酸外,以制备实施例1中相同的方式合成化学式1-2的化合物。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)8.12-8.02(m,4H),7.78-7.72(m,2H),7.68-7.62(m,2H),7.55-7.48(m,2H),7.39-7.35(m,2H),7.3-7.18(m,6H),7.14-7.11(m,2H),2.72-2.62(q,4H),1.74-1.64(m,4H);MS[M+H]485
制备实施例3:合成化学式2-1的化合物
[反应式2]
(1)合成化合物2a(2-溴-9,10-二萘-1-基-9,10-二氢-蒽-9,10-二醇)
5-溴-1,2,3,4-四氢化萘(13.7mL,88.0mmol)溶于无水THF(四氢呋喃)(100mL),所述溶液在搅拌下保持-78℃,向所述溶液逐滴缓慢加入n-BuLi(42.6mL,106mmol)。30分钟后,向其中加入2-溴-9,10-蒽醌(10.2g,35.5mmol),搅拌混合物。2小时后,用NH4Cl溶液洗涤所述反应混合物,再用蒸馏水洗涤两次,然后在无水MgSO4中除去水。用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂。用二乙醚和石油醚重结晶所述剩余物,从而得到化合物2a(8.7g,45%)。该化合物的分析结果如下:
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)7.78(dd,4H),7.38(dd,4H),6.82(dd,2H),6.73(dd,2H),6.46(dd,2H),2.60(t,4H),2.37(t,4H),1.64(m,8H);MS[M+1-H2O]526
(2)合成化合物2b(2-溴-9,10-二萘-1-基-蒽)
2-溴-9,10-二萘-1-基-9,10-二氢-蒽-9,10-二醇(8.74g,16.1mmol)溶于冰醋酸(100mL),搅拌所述溶液,向其中加入KI(2.67g,16.1mmol)和NaPO2H2(17.1g,161mmol),回流该混合物。反应进行时,反应物开始在其中熔化,2小时后,产生白色沉淀物而完成反应。滤去冰醋酸,将所述沉淀物分散在乙醇中,向其中加入H2O,产生白色沉淀物,进一步过滤该沉淀物而得到白色固体化合物2b(7.5g,92%)。该化合物的分析结果如下。
MS[M+1]510
(3)合成化合物2c(2-(9,10-二萘-1-基-蒽-2-基)-4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二杂氧戊硼烷)
化合物2a(3g,5.9mmol)溶于无水THF(四氢呋喃)(30mL),搅拌下使溶液保持在-78℃,向所述溶液中逐滴缓慢加入n-BuLi(3.1mL,7.7mmol)。30分钟后,向其中加入2-异丙氧基-4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二杂氧戊硼烷(1.6mL,7.7mmol),搅拌所述混合物。1小时后,向其中加入NH4Cl水溶液,用乙酸乙酯萃取该混合物,进一步用蒸馏水洗涤两次,然后在无水MgSO4中除去水。用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂。用二乙醚和石油醚重结晶所述剩余物,得到化合物2c(1.7g,52%)。
(4)合成化学式2-1的化合物:
化合物2c(1.7g,3.06mmol)溶于THF(20mL),向该溶液中加入化合物3b(1.57g,3.36mmol)。向其中顺序加入Pd(PPh3)4(176mg,0.15mmol)和2M K2CO3水溶液(6.12mL,12.2mmol),搅拌下回流该混合物。2小时后,向溶液中加入THF(四氢呋喃),用乙醚萃取所述混合物,进一步用蒸馏水洗涤两次。在无水MgSO4中从溶液中除去水。用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂。用柱色谱法纯化所述剩余物而得到白色固体。用二乙醚和石油醚重结晶所述固体,减压下过滤,从而得到化学式2-1的白色化合物(1.0g,39%)。
MS[M+1]817
制备实施例4:合成化学式2-3的化合物
[反应式3]
(1)合成化合物3a(4,8,8-三甲基-1,3-二苯基-4,5,6,7-四氢-4,7-亚甲基-茚-2-酮)
DL-莰醌(10g,60mmol)和二苯基丙酮(12.7g,60mmol)加入到三甘醇(50mL),轻微加热使所述混合物熔化,向其中加入在甲醇(40%)(6.5mL,14.3mmol)中的苄基三甲基氢氧化铵,将所述混合物加热到120℃并搅拌。反应发生后,所述混合物变为红色,24小时后完成反应,向其中加入H2O,用乙酸乙酯萃取所述混合物。在无水MgSO4中从溶液中除去水。用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂。用柱色谱法纯化所述剩余物,从而得到红色油状化合物3a(10g,49%)。
MS[M+1]341
(2)合成化合物3b
化合物3a(10g,29mmol)和5-溴邻氨基苯甲酸(6.89g,31.9mmol)溶于1,2-二氯乙烷(100mL),向所述溶液中加入硝酸异戊酯(6.1mL,43.5mmol),混合物在90℃下回流。1小时后,完成反应,向其中加入H2O,用乙酸乙酯萃取所述混合物。在无水MgSO4中除去溶液中的水。用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂。用柱色谱法纯化所述剩余物,从而得到透明油状化合物3b(6.7g,49%)。
MS[M+1]468
(3)合成化合物3c(4,4,5,5-四甲基-2-芘-1-基-[1,3,2]二杂氧戊硼烷)
2-溴-芘(5g,17.8mmol)溶于无水THF(100mL),搅拌下使溶液保持在-78℃,向所述溶液中逐滴缓慢加入n-BuLi(9.7mL,23.2mmol)。30分钟后,向其中加入2-异丙氧基-4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二杂氧戊硼烷(4.8mL,23.1mmol),搅拌该混合物。1小时后,向其中加入NH4Cl水溶液,用乙酸乙酯萃取所述混合物,进一步用蒸馏水洗涤两次,然后在无水MgSO4中除去溶液中的水。用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂,从而得到透明油状混合的化合物3c(6.0g,99%)。
MS[M+1]329
(4)合成化学式2-3的化合物
化合物3c(2.4g,7.3mmol)溶于THF(30mL),向所述溶液中加入化合物3b(3.4g,7.3mmol)。向其中顺序加入Pd(PPh3)4(421mg,0.365mmol)和2M K2CO3水溶液(14.6mL,29.2mmol),搅拌下回流所述混合物。2小时后,向溶液中加入THF,用乙醚萃取所述混合物。在无水MgSO4中除去溶液中的水。用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂。用柱色谱法纯化所述剩余物,从而得到白色固体。用甲醇和H2O重结晶所述固体,减压下过滤,从而得到化学式2-3的白色化合物(2.5g,58%)。
MS[M+1]589
制备实施例5:合成化学式3-1的化合物
[反应式4]
(1)合成化合物4a(5-溴-1,2,3,4-四氢化萘)
向一个烧瓶中加入氧化铝(Al2O3)(100g),为吸附目的逐滴缓慢加入萘满(13.2g,100mmol)。向另一烧瓶中加入氧化铝(100g),为吸附目的,搅拌下逐滴缓慢加入溴(5.17mL,100mmol)。其上吸附了萘满的烧瓶放入0℃的冰浴中,在保持温度的同时,在搅拌下向其中缓慢加入其上吸附溴的氧化铝。当溴的红褐色消失时,反应快速进行。立即用快速柱色谱法分离所述混合物,从而得到透明油状化合物4a(11.5g,54.0%)。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)7.08(m,1H),7.05(m,1H),7.03(m,1H),2.75(m,4H),1.78(m,4H);MS[M+1]212
(2)合成化合物4b(9,10-二-(5,6,7,8-四氢-萘-1-基)-9,10-二氢-蒽-9,10-二醇)
化合物4a(11.5g,54.4mmol)溶于无水THF(100mL),搅拌下使溶液保持在-78℃,向所述溶液中逐滴缓慢加入n-BuLi(30mL,65.1mmol)。30分钟后,向其中加入9,10-蒽醌(3.77g,18.13mmol),搅拌所述混合物。1小时后,用NH4Cl溶液洗涤所述反应混合物,进一步用蒸馏水洗涤两次,然后在无水MgSO4中除去溶液中的水。用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂。用柱色谱法纯化所述剩余物,从而得到化合物4b(1.3g,15%)。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)7.78(dd,4H),7.38(dd,4H),6.82(dd,2H),6.73(dd,2H),6.46(dd,2H),2.60(t,4H),2.37(t,4H),1.64(m,8H);MS[M+1-H2O]455
(3)合成化学式3-1的化合物(化合物4b的芳构化)
9,10-二-(5,6,7,8-四氢-萘-1-基)-9,10-二氢-蒽-9,10-二醇(化合物4b)(1.3g,2.7mmol)溶于冰醋酸(30mL),搅拌所述溶液,向其中加入KI(448mg,2.70mmol)和NaPO2H2(2.86g,27.0mmol),回流所述混合物。当进行反应时,反应物在其中开始熔化。1小时后,产生白色沉淀物而完成反应。滤去冰醋酸,将所述沉淀物分散在乙醇中,向其中加入H2O而生成沉淀物,进一步过滤该沉淀物。用柱色谱法分离因而得到的白色固体,从而得到化学式3-1的白色固体化合物(0.47g,40%)。
熔点388℃;1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)7.76(dd,4H),7.30(dd,4H),7.27(d,4H),7.17(m,4H),2.94(t,4H),2.86(t,4H),1.92(m,8H);MS[M+1]439
制备实施例6:合成化学式3-2的化合物
[反应式5]
(1)合成化合物5a(9-萘-1-基-蒽)
9-溴蒽(0.64g,2.50mmol)溶于THF,向其中顺序加入1-萘基硼酸(0.45g,2.50mmol)和4M K2CO3(2.56mL),回流所述混合物。反应终止后,分离有机相,用乙酸乙酯萃取水相。合并有机相,在无水MgSO4中干燥,过滤,然后减压下浓缩。用柱色谱法纯化所述剩余物,然后用乙酸乙酯和乙醇重结晶,从而得到化合物5a(0.64g,84.0%)。
(2)合成化合物5b(9-溴-10-萘-1-基-蒽)
9-萘-1-基-蒽(2.3g,7.56mmol)溶于DMF(30mL),搅拌所述溶液。向其中加入NBS(N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺)(1.48g,8.32mmol),搅拌所述混合物。30分钟后完成反应,向其中加入水(H2O)和少量乙醇以得到沉淀物,减压下过滤该沉淀物,从而得到淡黄色化合物5b(2.6g,89%)。
MS[M+H]384
(3)合成化合物5c(三氟-甲基磺酸5,6,7,8-四氢-萘-1-基酯)
5,6,7,8-四氢-萘-1-醇(10g,67.6mmol)加入到干吡啶(55mL),搅拌下用冰水冷却所述混合物。向其中加入三氟甲磺酸酐(13.6mL,81.1mmol),搅拌所述混合物。1小时后,向其中加入水,用乙酸乙酯萃取所述混合物。在无水MgSO4中除去溶液中的水。用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂。用柱色谱法分离所述剩余物,从而得到白色油状化合物5c(18g,99%)。
(4)合成化合物5d(4,4,5,5-四甲基-2-(5,6,7,8-四氢-萘-1-基)-[1,3,2]二杂氧戊硼烷)
化合物5c(19g,67.8mmol)溶于DMSO,向所述溶液中加入双戊酰二硼(18.9g,74.6mmol)。向其中加入PdCl2(dppf)/CH2Cl2(2.97g,3.39mmol)、dppf(双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁)(1.88g,3.39mmol)和KOAc(乙酸钾)(19.9g,203.4mmol),回流所述混合物。3小时后,向其中加入THF(四氢呋喃)和水,用乙醚萃取所述混合物。在无水MgSO4中除去溶液中的水,用漂白土处理所述剩余物并在减压下过滤。用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂。用柱色谱法分离所述剩余物,从而得到淡黄色油状化合物5d(10g,57%)。
MS[M+1]258
(5)合成化合物3-2(9-萘-1-基-10-(5,6,7,8-四氢化萘-1-基)-蒽)
化合物5b(1.5g,3.92mmol)溶于THF,向所述溶液中加入化合物5d(5g,19.6mmol)。向其中顺序加入Pd(PPh3)4(226mg,0.196mmol)和2M K2CO3水溶液(16mL,31.4mmol),搅拌下回流所述混合物。2小时后,向溶液中加入THF,用乙醚萃取所述混合物。在无水MgSO4中除去溶液中的水,用漂白土处理所述剩余物并在减压下过滤。用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂。将产物分散在EtOH中,向其中加入H2O以形成沉淀物,进一步过滤该沉淀物,从而得到化学式3-2的白色固体化合物(1.1g,65%)。
MS[M+1]435
制备实施例7:合成化学式3-3的化合物
[反应式6]
(1)合成化合物6a(2-萘-1-基-蒽醌)
2-氯-蒽醌(5.6g,23mmol)溶于THF(100mL),向所述溶液中加入1-萘基硼酸(5.15g,2.9mmol),向其中进一步加入Pd(PPh3)4(1.33g,1.15mmol)和2M K2CO3水溶液(92mL,184mmol),搅拌下回流所述混合物。2小时后,向所述溶液加入THF,用乙酸乙酯萃取所述混合物。在无水MgSO4中除去溶液中的水,用漂白土处理所述剩余物并在减压下过滤。用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂,用乙醚和石油醚重结晶所述产物,从而得到黄色固体化合物6a(7.2g,94%)。
MS[M+1]335
(2)合成化合物6b(2-萘-1-基-9,10-二-(5,6,7,8-四氢-萘-1-基)-9,10-二氢-蒽-9,10-二醇)
化合物6a(1.6g,4.73mmol)溶于无水THF(25mL),在搅拌下使溶液保持在-78℃,然后向所述溶液中逐滴缓慢加入n-BuLi(4.73mL,11.8mmol)。30分钟后,向其中加入5-溴-1,2,3,4-四氢化萘(2.3g,10.8mmol)并搅拌所述混合物。1小时后,用NH4Cl溶液洗涤反应混合物,进一步用蒸馏水洗涤两次,然后在无水MgSO4中除去溶液中的水。用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂。用柱色谱法分离所述剩余物,从而得到化合物6b(1.6g,56%)。
MS[M+1-H2O]581
(3)合成化合物6c(2-萘-1-基-9,10-二-(5,6,7,8-四氢-萘-1-基)-蒽)
化合物6b(1.6g,2.67mmol)溶于乙酸(20mL),搅拌所述溶液,向其中加入KI(530mg,3.2mmol)和NaPO2H2(2.83g,26.7mmol),回流所述混合物。当进行反应时,反应物开始在其中熔化,大约30分钟后产生白色沉淀物,因而完成反应。滤去冰醋酸,将所述沉淀物分散在乙醇中,向其中加入H2O以生成沉淀物,进一步过滤该沉淀物,从而得到化学式3-3的白色固体化合物(1.0g,66%)。
MS[M+1]565
制备实施例8:合成化学式3-4的化合物
[反应式7]
(1)合成化合物7a(2,9,10-三溴-蒽)
2-溴-蒽(2g,7.78mmol)溶于DMF(30mL),搅拌所述溶液。向其中加入NBS(N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺)(3.32g,18.7mmol),搅拌所述混合物。30分钟后完成反应,向其中加入H2O和少量EtOH以得到沉淀物,在减压下过滤该沉淀物并在真空下干燥,从而得到淡黄色化合物7a(3.0g,93%)。
MS[M+1]416
(2)合成化学式3-4的化合物(2,9,10-三-(5,6,7,8-四氢-萘-1-基)-蒽)
化合物7a(3.0g,7.2mmol)溶于THF(30mL),向所述溶液中加入化合物5d(13g,50mmol)。向其中加入Pd(PPh3)4(1.25mg,1.08mmol)和2M K2CO3水溶液(28mL,57.6mmol),然后在搅拌下回流所述混合物。2小时后,向所述溶液中加入THF,用乙醚萃取所述混合物。在无水MgSO4中除去溶液中的水,用漂白土处理所述剩余物并在减压下过滤。用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂,用柱色谱法分离所述产物,从而得到化学式3-4的白色固体化合物(1.1g,27%)。
MS[M+1]569
下文给出实施例,其中在上述制备实施例中制备的化合物用于有机发光器件。
实施例1
厚度为的涂覆有ITO(氧化铟锡)的玻璃基板在溶有洗涤剂的蒸馏水中超声清洗。由Fischer公司制造的产品用作洗涤剂,所述蒸馏水用Millipore公司制造的过滤器过滤两次。清洗玻璃基板30分钟后,在蒸馏水中进一步超声清洗所述玻璃基板10分钟并重复两次。清洗后,所述玻璃基板顺序地在异丙醇溶剂、丙酮溶剂和甲醇溶剂中超声清洗,干燥,然后运至等离子体净化器。
然后,用氮等离子体清洗所述基板5分钟,然后运至真空沉积设备中。
[化学式4]
[化学式5]
通过真空沉积在由化学式5的化合物形成的层上形成能够传输空穴的下述化学式6的NPB形成的层
[化学式6]
[化学式1-1]
[化学式7]
[化学式8]
100mA/cm2的正向电流施加在如此制备的有机发光器件上以形成5.8V的电场。此时,对于发光颜色,观察到亮度为6500尼特、对应于基于1931CIE颜色坐标的X=0.262和Y=0.590的光谱。当施加电流密度为100mA/cm2的恒定DC时,亮度降至初始亮度50%(L0.5)的时间为420小时。
实施例2~10
除了在形成发光层时使用表1所述的主体和掺杂剂外,以与实施例1相同的方式制备有机发光器件。在各实施例中制备的有机发光器件的性能的测试结果如表1所示。
对比例1
除了在形成发光层时使用9,10-(2-萘基)蒽用作主体外,以与实施例1相同的方式制备有机发光器件。
[表1]
*在电流密度为100mA/cm2下测定电压。
如表1所示,如果根据本发明的化合物应用到有机发光器件上,可以在低电压下驱动器件并延长使用寿命。
向其中施用了多种掺杂剂的根据本发明的化合物能够发出蓝、绿或红光,尤其是能够提供具有优异热稳定性的高效发光材料。此外,根据本发明的化合物用于有机发光器件中的发光主体,能够延长器件的使用寿命并在低电压下驱动该器件。
Claims (7)
2.如权利要求1所述的有机发光器件,其中,所述包含化合物的有机层与0.1~99.0wt%的无机金属、无机盐或不同的有机材料混合。
4.如权利要求3所述的化合物,其中,所述化合物在有机电子器件中起到发光、空穴注入、空穴传输和电子传输中的任意至少一种功能。
5.如权利要求3所述的化合物,其中,所述化合物与0.1~99.0wt%的无机金属、无机盐或不同的有机材料混合。
7.如权利要求6所述的材料,其中,所述化合物用于有机太阳能电池、有机光电导体(OPC)或有机晶体管的至少一个有机层中。
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EP1943323A1 (en) | 2008-07-16 |
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EP2316906A3 (en) | 2011-05-18 |
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EP1943323A4 (en) | 2010-01-06 |
EP2316906A2 (en) | 2011-05-04 |
EP2316905A1 (en) | 2011-05-04 |
KR100985652B1 (ko) | 2010-10-05 |
US8298683B2 (en) | 2012-10-30 |
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US20070059556A1 (en) | 2007-03-15 |
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