CN102066101A - 泡沫薄膜包装 - Google Patents

泡沫薄膜包装 Download PDF

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CN102066101A
CN102066101A CN2009801230012A CN200980123001A CN102066101A CN 102066101 A CN102066101 A CN 102066101A CN 2009801230012 A CN2009801230012 A CN 2009801230012A CN 200980123001 A CN200980123001 A CN 200980123001A CN 102066101 A CN102066101 A CN 102066101A
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film
packing
foam film
foam
layer
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N·J·罗杰斯
M·莱姆斯
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Procter and Gamble Ltd
Procter and Gamble Co
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Procter and Gamble Ltd
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    • B65D75/00—Packages comprising articles or materials partially or wholly enclosed in strips, sheets, blanks, tubes, or webs of flexible sheet material, e.g. in folded wrappers
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    • B65D75/5833—Tear-lines provided in a wall portion for tearing out a portion of the wall
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种包装，所述包装包括至少一个泡沫薄膜层和在所述泡沫薄膜层中形成的开口部件。泡沫薄膜具有约10微米至约250微米的厚度。泡沫薄膜包含与基本上相同厚度和基本上相同组成的非泡沫薄膜相比约5％至约50％的密度减小。所述包装可包括由塑料树脂和添加到塑料树脂中的增白添加剂制成的泡沫薄膜。增白添加剂被选择成能制备具有约35％至约99％的不透明值的泡沫薄膜。所述增白剂与为在基本上相同厚度和基本上相同组成的非泡沫薄膜中产生基本上相同的光反射性而选择的组成和量具有基本上相同的组成并以基本上相同的量存在。

Description

泡沫薄膜包装
发明领域
本发明涉及包括泡沫薄膜层的包装领域。
发明背景
聚烯烃塑料薄膜用来构造用于容纳消费品的各种包装例如袋子和小袋。例如，用于容纳堆叠的一次性尿布或卫生制品的袋子、用于湿擦拭物的小袋、以及容纳颗粒状衣物洗涤剂的袋子经常由塑料薄膜制成。用于形成包装的塑料薄膜可为单层薄膜(称作单膜)、或例如可共挤出的多个层的组合、彼此粘附的单独制备的层的层压体、抑或其中将一个层挤出到先前形成的一个或多个层上的挤出层压体。
构成包装的薄膜的特定组成是针对它们的各种特性包括液体或气体可透过性、外观和强度而加以选择。用于包装的塑料薄膜的另一个相关特性是不透明性。用于包装中的塑料薄膜的不透明度通过控制透过包装可看到包装内容物的程度而影响包装的外观。在一些情况下，具有更高不透明度的薄膜是期望的以防止内容物曝光。添加剂例如氧化钛或其他白色或彩色颜料与树脂混合以用来增加薄膜的不透明性。一般来讲，通过将薄膜制造得更薄来降低薄膜中的树脂的量将会降低其不透明性。
许多塑料薄膜包装包括开口部件，诸如例如弱线和/或覆盖冲切开口的可剥离的标签。这些弱线和/或覆盖冲切开口的可剥离的标签被构造成能够使消费者方便地接触到包装的内容物并同时在装运和存储期间保持未打开的包装的完整性。弱线，例如穿孔或划线，提供了一种机构，通过该机构消费者能够以受控的方式沿着预定的开口轨线打开包装。标签和冲切分配开口的组合可被构造成对于要求在包装内保持湿气和/或其他产品成分的物品和/或期望避免污染的物品提供可重新密封的包装。冲切限定通过它来分配物品的分配开口。标签的尺寸适于与冲切分配开口的周边重叠。当标签第一次从包装上剥离时，标签会撕开包装上的冲切。标签可能够完全重新覆盖和重新密封由所述冲切形成的分配开口。
与塑料薄膜包装相关的大部分成本是用于制造薄膜的塑料树脂的成本。由于薄膜中的塑料树脂的量与薄膜的厚度直接相关，因此降低塑料薄膜包装的成本的措施通常涉及更小厚度的但仍能够提供特定包装所需特性的薄膜。由于更小厚度的薄膜在固有薄膜撕裂强度方面通常较弱，因此改变为包括开口部件(例如弱线或冲切分配开口)的更小厚度的薄膜将要求重新设计开口部件以补偿薄膜的更低的撕裂强度。例如，可将穿孔线上的切口制造的更短以使切口之间的更多薄膜保持完好以阻止穿孔线的无意间撕裂。可将薄膜中的划线制造的更浅以提供附加的强度以阻止更小厚度的薄膜的无意间撕裂。可将限定冲切的切口之间的薄膜连接制造的更长以阻止冲切与薄膜的无意间分离。开口部件的重新设计在工程和评估时间方面是昂贵的。除此之外，开口部件的重新设计通常需要费力地调整在薄膜上制造开口部件的各种制造部件和工艺，并且还可能需要购买新的工具。
最近的技术进步已使得生产用于上述的各种类型的包装的合适厚度(约10微米至约250微米)和强度的泡沫聚烯烃薄膜成为可行。适用于包装的若干个示例性泡沫聚烯烃薄膜描述于欧洲专利1646677中。泡沫薄膜的使用使得能够用在发泡工艺期间形成或结合到薄膜中的气泡来替换部分树脂(例如，按重量计5-50％)。因为由气泡留下的空隙或单元占据原先由树脂填充的体积，所以泡沫薄膜允许减少树脂而不会相应地减小薄膜厚度。泡沫薄膜的一个明显的特征是，与基本上相同厚度的非泡沫薄膜相比，泡沫薄膜具有粗糙的表面结构。
尽管树脂使用方面的成本节省，但泡沫薄膜尚未用于具有开口部件(例如弱线或具有标签的冲切分配开口)的包装。这可能是因为预期使用基本上相同厚度的泡沫薄膜(但显著更少的树脂)将导致需要重新设计开口部件以补偿降低的撕裂强度。如上所述，开口部件的如此重新设计将需要工程设计和测试时间，以及对于制造部件的劳动密集型调整，并可能需要重新调节制造设备。除此之外，预期粗燥的表面结构还将要求调节制造部件和工艺。
发明概述
提供了包装及用于构造包装的方法，所述包装包括至少一个泡沫薄膜层和在泡沫薄膜的至少一个层中形成的开口部件。泡沫薄膜具有约10微米至约250微米的厚度。泡沫薄膜具有与基本上相同组成和厚度的非泡沫薄膜相比约5％至约50％的密度减小。
开口部件可包括弱线。有利的是，所述弱线可具有与构造用于基本上相同组成和厚度的非泡沫薄膜中的弱线基本上相同的构型。具有弱线的泡沫薄膜的至少一个层的屈服应力值可为没有弱线的泡沫薄膜的屈服应力值的至少约90％。开口部件可为例如穿孔、划线或压花的形式。
作为另外一种选择，开口部件可包括一个冲切分配开口和粘附到该冲切上的标签，使得标签重叠由冲切限定的开口。在这种情况下，标签具有施加到第一侧上的粘合剂，其中标签粘附到冲切上并且围绕开口的周边可剥离地粘附到泡沫薄膜上。有利的是，粘合剂可具有与构造用于基本上相同的组成和基本上相同的厚度的非泡沫薄膜上的粘合剂基本上相同的组成。
包装可包括一个单层泡沫薄膜，或多个层，其中至少一个层是泡沫化的。包装可包括具有至少一个泡沫薄膜层的泡沫薄膜共挤出物。包装可包括具有至少一个泡沫薄膜层的泡沫薄膜层压体。泡沫薄膜层可为例如吹塑、流延、在横向或纵向取向方向上进行加工取向(例如，拉伸、抽拉或拉幅)的泡沫聚乙烯或泡沫聚丙烯。
泡沫薄膜中的开口部件可如下形成：通过非接触方式(例如激光、火花弧)或机械方式如刀片、冲压或针来弱化泡沫薄膜上的选定开口轨线或路径或通过用变形靠模弱化选定的开口轨线。
包装可包括至少一个泡沫薄膜层，所述泡沫薄膜层由塑料树脂和添加到塑料树脂中的增白或着色添加剂制成。选择增白或着色添加剂以制备具有约35％至约99％的不透明值的泡沫薄膜。增白剂具有与为在基本上相同厚度和基本上相同组成的非泡沫薄膜中产生基本上相同的光反射率而选择的组成和含量基本上相同的组成和基本上相同的含量。
附图概述
图1a是可用来构造具有开口部件的薄膜包装的现有技术薄膜的横截面视图。
图1b是泡沫薄膜的横截面视图，所述泡沫薄膜可用于构造根据本发明的一个或多个实施方案的具有开口部件的泡沫薄膜包装。
图2a为可用于构造具有开口部件的包装的现有技术薄膜共挤出物的横截面视图。
图2b为可用于构造根据本发明的一个或多个实施方案的具有开口部件的包装的泡沫薄膜共挤出物的横截面视图。
图3a为可用于构造具有开口部件的包装的现有技术层压体的横截面视图。
图3b为用于构造根据本发明的一个或多个实施方案的具有开口部件的包装的泡沫薄膜层压体的横截面视图。
图4a和4b为根据本发明的一个或多个实施方案构造的具有弱线的包装的透视图。
图5为根据本发明构造的具有标签和冲切分配开口的包装的顶部平面图。
图6为图5的包装的分解局部横截面视图。
发明详述
泡沫薄膜
如本文所用，术语“薄膜”是指具有适用于包装例如用于容纳消费品的袋子和小袋的厚度诸如例如约10至约250微米厚度的薄膜。
如本文所用，术语“泡沫薄膜”是指包含至少一个层的薄膜，所述层具有约10微米至约250微米的厚度并包含气泡、空隙体积或单元，其中相对于不包含气泡、空隙体积或单元的相同厚度的薄膜，所述至少一层表现出至少约5％的密度减少(如通过ASTM D4321所确定)。
图1a是用于包装应用例如容纳消费品的袋子和小袋的薄膜100的横截面视图。用于此类包装中的薄膜100通常具有约10微米至约250微米的厚度并由聚烯烃树脂制成。有许多不同的组分共混物用于聚烯烃中，并且组分的选择是基于它们的各种特性，例如强度和不透明性。聚乙烯(例如，低密度聚乙烯LDPE、线性低密度聚乙烯LLDPE、高密度聚乙烯HDPE、中密度聚乙烯MDPE、茂金属聚乙烯mPE、乙基乙酸乙烯酯EVA、以及它们的混合物)和聚丙烯，以及它们的共混物是两种类型的经常用于制造薄膜100的材料。薄膜100可使用吹塑薄膜、流延膜和挤出基底方法来制造。如图1a所示，薄膜100由基本上固体的树脂层组成。图1a所示的薄膜100被称为单膜，因为其由单层的树脂组成。
图2a为薄膜共挤出物200的横截面视图，所述薄膜共挤出物包括顶层210、芯部220和下层230。许多薄膜包装使用薄膜共挤出物，因为每层的组成可被选择以有助于所得包装的期望质量。制备薄膜共挤出物的方法是，用于每层的树脂被共挤出并被一起熔融和冷却以形成层状的薄膜共挤出物。如从图2a中可以看到，薄膜共挤出物200包括彼此直接相邻的每种类型树脂的层(例如，顶层220、芯层220和下层230)。薄膜共挤出物可包括被选择用来提供例如强度、不透明性、印刷质量、以及防水性的层。如从图2a中可以看到，薄膜共挤出物200包括由基本上固体的树脂层构成的层。
图3a为薄膜层压体300的横截面视图，所述薄膜层压体包括顶层310、顶部粘合剂层315、芯部320、底部粘合剂层325、和底层330。薄膜层压体300类似于薄膜共挤出物200，因为两者均包括被选择以有助于所得包装的期望质量的不同树脂层。然而，薄膜层压体300的层被单独地形成和冷却，而不是以熔融的形式结合在一起。层压体通常在一个或多个层不是特别适用于共挤出时使用，例如金属化的层即与塑料层相比要求显著不同的加工技术。单独的层(例如，顶层310、芯部320、和底层330)然后彼此固定，诸如例如使用粘合剂(例如，顶部粘合剂层315和底部粘合剂层325)。如图3a中可以看到，薄膜层压体300包括由基本上固体的树脂层构成的层。
图1b，2b和3b示出了适合用于包装应用中的不同泡沫薄膜10，20，30。泡沫薄膜10，20，30各分别包括至少一个泡沫层12，23，32。如上所述，由于担心可由泡沫薄膜中的树脂含量的损失造成的撕裂强度的潜在降低，因此直到最近，用于包装的薄膜才被认为适合发泡。EP 1 646 677提供了有关使得能够生产泡沫薄膜的具体树脂组合物和加工步骤的细节。
参见图1b，其示出了由树脂12诸如例如聚烯烃构成的其内捕获有气泡14的单膜10。一种制备泡沫单膜10的方法是在加热之前向树脂12的母料批中添加一种或多种化学发泡剂，诸如例如碳酸氢钠粉末和成酸剂。在加热时，化学发泡剂释放二氧化碳。二氧化碳在随后的加工步骤中膨胀并形成单膜10形式的气泡14。描述发泡剂转变成二氧化碳的一个示例性化学式是：
NaHCO3(碳酸氢钠粉末)+H+(成酸剂)→Na++CO2+H2O
一些二氧化碳气泡14从熔融的树脂12中逸出，而其他的气泡在冷却期间则被捕获在树脂12中以形成在树脂固化之后仍然存在的空隙。与使用在树脂中反应以生成气泡14的化学发泡剂不同的可供选择的方法是，在薄膜制造期间将气体诸如例如二氧化碳注入到塑料挤出机中。尽管图1b中所示的气泡14通常为球形并具有约10微米至约100微米的直径，但也考虑了其他形状。例如，在一些泡沫薄膜中，气泡通常为雪茄形状的并且取向在薄膜挤出的方向上。在具有约40微米厚度的泡沫薄聚乙烯单膜中，典型的雪茄形状的气泡可具有约10微米的直径和约50微米至约300微米的长度。薄的泡沫单膜10的泡沫结构通常朝向表面是闭合的，使得基本上所有的靠近表面的气泡14都是闭合的。由于气泡14占据本应由非泡沫薄膜中的树脂12占据的体积，因此图1b中的薄的泡沫单膜10与图1a中的非泡沫单膜100相比使用更少的树脂12而同时保持基本上相同的总体厚度“t”。当然，在本发明的实践中也可采用其他发泡形式，例如将气体吹入到熔融的树脂中。
图2b显示了泡沫薄膜共挤出物20，其包括泡沫芯部23、非泡沫顶层25和非泡沫底层27。尽管显示芯部23为泡沫化的，但泡沫薄膜共挤出物中的任何层的组合均可以是泡沫化的，包括顶层25、底层27，或顶层25和底层27，或所有的三个层23，25，27。此外，如果任何其他层是泡沫化的话，则芯部23不必是泡沫化的，并且在泡沫薄膜共挤出物中可存在任何数量的泡沫层及非泡沫层。泡沫薄膜共挤出物20的使用非常适合于许多包装应用，因为可针对拉伸强度、密封特性、成本和美观性来选择各个层。已观察到，在泡沫薄膜共挤出物中，一个层中的发泡仅限于泡沫层。即，发泡似乎不会诱发相邻非发泡层中的发泡。
举例来讲，适于存储大颗粒的袋子是由包括薄膜共挤出物200(图2a)作为基底层的薄膜层压体来构造。该特定的薄膜共挤出物200被构造成呈现白色的外表面并同时形成蓝色的内表面，所述白色的外表面上施加有印刷的顶层(未示出)，而所述蓝色的内表面在透过袋子的开口观察颗粒时会增强存储在袋子内的白色颗粒的外观。薄膜共挤出物200的顶层210由具有大约15微米的厚度的白色聚乙烯薄膜制成，所述厚度适于改进与印刷的顶层(未示出)的相互作用。芯部220由具有大约40微米厚度的白色聚乙烯薄膜制成，所述白色聚乙烯薄膜适于遮蔽底层230的蓝色从而使其不会透露出来。底层230由具有大约15微米的厚度的蓝色聚乙烯薄膜制成，所述蓝色聚乙烯薄膜适于呈现对于袋子中的颗粒而言具有视觉吸引力的背景。
图2b中所示的泡沫薄膜共挤出物20可用来替换薄膜共挤出物200。泡沫薄膜共挤出物20包括由具有大约15微米厚度的极白的聚乙烯薄膜制成的顶层25、由具有大约40微米厚度的泡沫白色聚乙烯薄膜制成的芯部23、和由具有大约15微米厚度的蓝色聚乙烯薄膜制成的底层。泡沫芯部23使用非泡沫芯部(例如图2a中的芯部220)的树脂的约一半。为了补偿由于芯部23中的气泡的存在而导致的外观变化，移除了芯部23中的大部分白色或彩色的颜料以降低气泡和树脂之间的对比度。增加顶层的白色强度以在薄膜共挤出物200和泡沫薄膜共挤出物20之间获得相当的外观。当然，研发泡沫薄膜共挤出物来替代现有的薄膜共挤出物可能涉及改变不同层的厚度，改变不同层的材料组成，和/或添加或移除层。
图3示出了泡沫薄膜层压体30，其包括泡沫芯部32、非泡沫顶层35和底层39。尽管仅芯部32显示为泡沫化的，但泡沫薄膜层压体中的任何层的组合也可为泡沫化的，包括顶层35、底层39、顶层35和底层39两者、或所有的三层32，35，39。此外，如果任何其他层是泡沫的，则芯部32不必是泡沫化的，并且任意数目的泡沫和非泡沫层可存在于泡沫薄膜层压体中。泡沫薄膜层压体30的使用非常适合于许多包装应用，尤其是对于所要求使用的某个层不容易与泡沫薄膜层压体中的其他层共挤出的包装。据信，在非泡沫薄膜层压体中使用的相同类型的粘合剂(例如粘合剂315和325)可用作粘合剂(例如粘合剂33，37)以粘附泡沫薄膜层压体中的层。
开口部件
如本文所用，术语“开口部件”定义为用于打开在泡沫薄膜上包括弱化的选定打开轨线的包装的助件。此类开口部件的两个实例是线性的弱线和具有标签的冲切分配开口。
图4a和4b示出了包括由泡沫薄膜42形成的壁和线性的弱线43的袋子40。弱线43被构造成在被消费者沿着图4b中的箭头所示的线性打开轨线打开之前保持完好。弱线43可由例如部分地切穿袋子40的壁42的划线形成，或由完全地切穿袋子40的壁42的穿孔线形成。弱线43与构造用于具有基本上相同厚度的非泡沫薄膜壁的袋子(未示出)中的弱线具有基本上相同的构型。弱线可使用包括划线和穿孔的方法来产生。可使用激光或机械方法来进行划线或穿孔。用来在泡沫薄壁(例如壁42)中产生弱线43的方法和方法参数与用来在基本上相同厚度的非泡沫薄壁中产生弱线的方法基本上相同。
制造弱线的一种方法是使用至少一个激光器。首先，将具有足以蒸发一部分薄膜材料的瓦特数的激光束聚焦在薄膜上。激光技术的使用使得能够精确地控制进入的深度，从薄膜的轻微刻划到完全穿孔。可使用利用任何形式的电磁辐射的激光器。适合在薄膜中制作弱线的激光器包括基于CO2气体的那些。
另一个用于产生弱线的合适的方法是使用刀片。将刀片安装到滚筒上，所述滚筒直接安装在薄膜加工机械上，以便当薄膜移动通过装备有刀片的滚筒时在形成袋子之前制造出切口。可使用不同的刀片图案来获得弱线中的不同图案。施加到刀片上的压力在该方法期间也可以变化以控制切口的尺寸和深度以确保袋子容易打开。
压花是另一种产生弱线的可供选择的方法。压花技术通过压力、温度、加工时间和变形靠模而在特定区域内弱化薄膜。通过改变压花轨线处的厚度和/或材料结构，可获得期望的结果。用于压花的基本设备由能够挤靠背板的密封夹具组成。变形靠模或图案固定到夹具上并进行加热。薄膜在变形靠模和背板之间被挤压。已知影响该工艺的主要变量为：加热温度、冷却温度、压力、加热时间、冷却时间、压花时的薄膜张力、压花后的薄膜张力、背板材料、背板厚度、背板温度、夹具图案和夹具厚度。压花装置通常安装在薄膜的解绕工位置之后并可被结合到包装生产线中。EP 1 409 366详细地描述了在非泡沫薄膜中产生弱线的方法。
泡沫薄膜中的弱线(例如图4a和4b中的弱线43和图5中的冲切弱线52)可形成许多不同的图案。这些图案可呈连续的线、虚线、或它们的组合的形式。一个示例性弱线为包括多个刻划段44的虚线43。每个刻划段44的长度在约0.12mm至约4.4mm之间变化。相邻刻划段44之间的连接部或桥接部45的距离在约0.4mm至约4mm之间变化。划线深度可根据泡沫薄膜的厚度而变化。要注意的是，适用于非泡沫薄膜壁中的任何图案也将适用于基本上相同厚度的泡沫薄膜壁中。
弱线43，52旨在减弱泡沫薄膜的强度，使得其能够承受正常的填充、打包和装卸操作但又容易被消费者打开。这可通过减小泡沫薄膜的梯形撕裂强度来实现。梯形撕裂强度的减小也通常通过拉伸强度的损失来实现。
弱线43，52可使用下列测试方法来表征：a)ASTM D-882测定薄塑料片材上的拉伸特性的标准测试方法和b)ASTM D-5733通过梯形程序来测定非织造织物的撕裂强度的标准测试方法。弱线43，52可由从这些标准测试获得的三个参数值来表征。第一是屈服应力值。根据ASTM D-882所测得的具有弱线的泡沫薄膜的屈服应力值不应小于没有弱线的泡沫薄膜的屈服应力值的约90％。第二，具有弱线的泡沫薄膜的最终或破裂应力值不应低于没有弱线的泡沫薄膜的屈服应力值的约90％。第三，具有弱线的泡沫薄膜的根据ASTM D-5733的平均梯形撕裂力应小于约4kg的力。
图5为具有至少一个泡沫薄膜壁49的包装48的顶部平面图。包装48包括冲切分配开口/标签的组合50，该组合使得用户能够在从包装48中分配物品后重新密封包装48。冲切的弱线52(其可透过图5的标签54看到)在泡沫薄膜壁49中形成。冲切的弱线52可具有比图4a和4b中的弱线43显著更大比例的弱化的泡沫薄膜材料。冲切的弱线52显示具有通过较小的连接部或桥接部52e-52h连接的四个长的穿孔52a-52d。冲切的弱线中的大比例的弱化的泡沫薄膜材料意味着只需很小的力便可将由冲切的弱线52限定的冲切59完全地从泡沫薄膜壁49上分离。标签54覆盖和重叠冲切59。标签54使用例如粘合剂(当然也可使用其他粘附方法)粘附到泡沫薄壁49上。
在要从包装48中分配物品时，消费者根据图5中的箭头所指示来剥离标签54的边缘。在第一次使用时，标签54通过使桥接部52e-52h破裂来将冲切59拉离泡沫薄壁49。如图6所示，冲切59保持粘附到标签54的底侧上。消费者将标签54重新粘附到泡沫薄壁49上以重新密封包装48。
图6是冲切的分配开口/标签的组合50和泡沫薄壁49的分解横截面视图。粘合剂57显示位于标签54的底侧上，其中任选的无粘合剂区域65位于限定可由消费者抓握的突出部的标签54的前沿处。冲切59限定分配开口67，可透过该开口67来从包装48中分配物品。在其他实施方案(未示出)中，不同类型的粘合剂的区域可存在于标签的底侧上，并且冲切的分配开口/标签的组合可包括设置在包装和标签之间的中间层。
在冲切的弱线52中使用的穿孔(或划线)52a-d(图5)根据上文关于弱线43(图4a，4)所述的相同的方法产生。如同弱线43一样，用来在泡沫薄壁(例如壁49)中产生冲切的弱线52的方法和方法参数与用来在基本上相同厚度的非泡沫薄壁中产生冲切的分配开口的方法基本上相同。此外，在冲切的分配开口/标签组合(例如冲切的分配开口/标签组合50)中用于泡沫薄壁(例如泡沫薄壁49)上的标签54上的粘合剂与用于基本上相同组成的非泡沫薄壁的标签上的粘合剂(例如粘合剂57)基本上相同。
不透明性
如上所述，塑料薄膜的不透明性使用增白添加剂来调整以获得期望的外观和防光性。虽然可使用许多方法来确定塑料薄膜的不透明性，两个示例性测试方法描述于ASTM 2805和ISO 2471中。不透明性通常以被薄膜吸收的光的百分比来表示。对于用于包装中的不透明的LDPE薄膜，约35％至约99％的不透明值通常是可接受的。
通常，减小薄膜厚度将导致不透明度损失，这将需要增加增白添加剂例如二氧化钛或其他着色添加剂。因此，似乎用泡沫薄膜来替代非泡沫薄膜将同样需要增加增白或着色添加剂的量以补偿存在于泡沫薄膜中的树脂量的减少。此外，与非泡沫薄膜相比，泡沫薄膜中空隙的存在似乎进一步降低了泡沫薄膜的不透明性。
已发现，与非泡沫薄膜(例如，图1a中的单膜100)相比，泡沫薄膜(例如，图1b中的单膜10)的不透明性降低与树脂重量的减少不成比例。换句话讲，泡沫薄膜的不透明性(例如单膜10)仅略微低于非泡沫薄膜(例如单膜100)的不透明性，即使当由于发泡而使显著量的树脂被移除时也是如此。不透明性的降低大大小于基于树脂重量的降低所预期的。这可能是由于光在遇到气泡所留下的空隙的弯曲内表面时以许多角度反射的缘故。因此，在许多情况下，当使用泡沫薄膜来替代基本上相同厚度和组成的非泡沫薄膜时，没有必要对用于获得期望的不透明度的增白或着色添加剂的量进行调节。
如从前面的描述中可以看出，在包括开口部件的包装应用中使用泡沫薄膜使得能够节省树脂并且令人惊奇的是，产生开口部件以及开口部件的构型的方法保持与基本上相同厚度的非泡沫薄膜基本上相同。此外，泡沫薄膜提供与非泡沫薄膜基本上相同水平的不透明性。这些发现使得在具有开口部件和/或需要一定不透明性的包装中能够开始使用和容易使用泡沫薄膜取代非泡沫薄膜。
本文引用的每一个文献，包括任何交叉参考的或相关的专利或申请，据此全文以引用方式并入本文，除非明确排除或另外限定。任何文献的引用并不表示承认其是本文所公开的或被权利要求书保护的任何发明的现有技术，或者其独立地或与任何其他参考一起教授、建议或公开了任何此类发明。此外，当本发明中术语的任何含义或定义与引入以供参考的文件中术语的任何含义或定义矛盾时，应当服从在本发明中赋予该术语的含义或定义。
虽然已经举例说明和描述了本发明的具体实施方案，但是对于本领域技术人员来说显而易见的是，在不背离本发明实质和范围的情况下可以做出多个其他改变和变型。因此，权利要求书意欲包括在本发明范围内的所有这样的改变和变型。

Claims (10)

1.一种包装，所述包装包括：
至少一个泡沫薄膜层，其中所述泡沫薄膜层具有介于约10和250微米之间的厚度并且包括与基本上相同厚度和基本上相同组成的非泡沫薄膜相比介于约5％至50％之间的密度减小；以及
在所述至少一个泡沫薄膜层中形成的开口部件。
2.如权利要求1所述的包装，其中所述开口部件包括弱线。
3.如权利要求2所述的包装，其中所述弱线与被构造用于基本上相同厚度和基本上相同组成的非泡沫薄膜中的弱线为基本上相同的构型。
4.如权利要求2所述的包装，其中具有所述弱线的所述至少一个泡沫薄膜层的屈服应力值为没有弱线的泡沫薄膜的屈服应力值的至少约90％。
5.如权利要求1所述的包装，其中所述开口部件包括限定分配开口的冲切和粘附到所述冲切上的标签，使得所述标签重叠所述分配开口，所述标签具有施加到第一侧上的粘合剂，其中所述标签粘附到所述冲切上并且围绕所述开口的周边可剥离地粘附到所述泡沫薄膜上。
6.如前述任一项权利要求所述的包装，其中所述包装包括泡沫薄膜共挤出物，所述共挤出物包括至少一个泡沫薄膜层。
7.如权利要求1-5中任一项所述的包装，其中所述包装包括泡沫薄膜层压体，所述层压体包括至少一个泡沫薄膜层。
8.如前述任一项权利要求所述的包装，其中所述泡沫薄膜包括吹塑泡沫聚乙烯。
9.如前述任一项权利要求所述的包装，其中所述泡沫薄膜包括泡沫聚乙烯。
10.如前述任一项权利要求所述的包装，其中所述开口部件包括穿孔图案。
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