CN102056829A - 电源装置和电源布置 - Google Patents
电源装置和电源布置 Download PDFInfo
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- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B1/00—Control systems of elevators in general
- B66B1/24—Control systems with regulation, i.e. with retroactive action, for influencing travelling speed, acceleration, or deceleration
- B66B1/28—Control systems with regulation, i.e. with retroactive action, for influencing travelling speed, acceleration, or deceleration electrical
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- B66B1/24—Control systems with regulation, i.e. with retroactive action, for influencing travelling speed, acceleration, or deceleration
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- B66B1/30—Control systems with regulation, i.e. with retroactive action, for influencing travelling speed, acceleration, or deceleration electrical effective on driving gear, e.g. acting on power electronics, on inverter or rectifier controlled motor
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- B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
- B60L3/003—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to inverters
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- H02M1/15—Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output using active elements
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- H02M5/42—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
- H02M5/44—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac
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- H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
- H02M5/40—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc
- H02M5/42—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
- H02M5/44—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac
- H02M5/453—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M5/458—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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- B60L2210/00—Converter types
- B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2210/00—Converter types
- B60L2210/20—AC to AC converters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2210/00—Converter types
- B60L2210/30—AC to DC converters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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- B60L2210/40—DC to AC converters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种电源装置(1)以及一种电源布置。该电源装置包括至负载(2)的接口。该电源装置还包括至少一个可控的固态开关(3),用于在前述的负载和电源装置之间进行供电。该电源装置包括控制部件(7),其被安装来以所选择的开关频率控制前述的至少一个可控的固态开关(3)。选择开关频率使得与所选择的开关频率对应的负载噪声满足选择标准。
Description
技术领域
本发明旨在提供一种在权利要求1的前序部分定义的电源装置,在权利要求8的前序部分定义的输送系统的电源布置,以及在权利要求10的前序部分定义的控制电源装置的方法。
背景技术
当利用变频器例如向电动机供电时,变频器的开关的操作造成电动机电流中的开关频率波动。电流的波动在电动机中产生噪声,这可能是烦人的。常规地,向电动机和变频器之间的供电电缆添加单独的噪声滤波器,试图利用该噪声滤波器来减少前述的电流波动。
在例如没有电机房的现代电梯系统中(其中电梯电动机被布置在电梯的提升间(elevator hoistway)内),电动机噪声也可能是烦人的。
发明内容
本发明的目的是解决前述问题以及在以下对本发明的描述中公开的问题。由此,在本发明中公开了一种电源装置,利用该电源装置向其供电的负载的噪声比在现有技术中更安静。
根据本发明的电源装置的特征在于权利要求1的特征部分所公开的内容。根据本发明的输送系统的电源布置的特征在于权利要求8的特征部分所公开的内容。根据本发明的控制电源装置的方法的特征在于权利要求10的特征部分所公开的内容。本发明的其他特点的特征在于由其他权利要求中所公开的内容。某些发明实施例还在本申请的描述部分进行讨论。还可以按以下表示的与所附权利要求不同的方式来定义本申请的发明内容。特别是如果按照表达式或隐含的子任务、或者从所实现的优点或者优点的类别的视点来考虑本发明,则发明内容还可包含若干单独的发明。在这种情形下,从单独的发明构思的视点,在权利要求中包含的某些属性可能是冗余的。
可以改变根据本发明的电源装置中的主电路的拓扑。然而,该主电路包括至少一个可控的固态开关,诸如IGBT晶体管、MOSFET晶体管、晶闸管、双极晶体管或者SCR(可控硅整流器)开关。根据本发明的电源装置例如可以是DC/DC变换器、AC/DC变换器、DC/AC变换器或者AC/AC变换器。电源装置例如可以是变频器、矩阵转换器或者具有H桥电路的DC电动机的电源装置。
根据本发明的负载例如可以是电动机、发电机或者其他感性负载,例如电磁制动器的线圈、诸如电梯电机的制动器的线圈。
根据本发明的一种电源装置可以连接到电源,该电源例如可以是电网,并且该电源还可以是某些备用电源,诸如发电机、燃料电池、蓄电池或者超级电容器。
根据本发明的输送系统例如可以是电梯系统、自动扶梯系统、自动人行道系统、直接驱动电梯系统、起重机系统或者车辆系统。输送器械指输送系统的移动部分,诸如电梯轿厢、或者自动扶梯/自动人行道的移动轨道。根据本发明的电梯系统可以具有电机房或者没有电机房。此外,该电梯系统可以具有配重或者没有配重。
在本发明中所指的多个开关频率可以是离散的或者连续的。
可以基于例如某些量测或者估算的电参数,诸如固态开关的电压、电流和瞬时功率来进行固态开关的功率损耗(power loss)的确定。还可以基于例如对开关的温度或者可能与开关连接的冷却元件的温度的量测或估算来进行该确定。如果必要,还可以对超过一个固态开关进行根据本发明的功率损耗的确定。
根据本发明的电动机可以例如是交流电动机或直流电动机。这种类型的电动机是例如同步电动机、永磁电动机、鼠笼电动机、有刷或无刷直流电动机、磁阻电动机或步进电动机。电动机可以是旋转电动机或直线电动机。
当使用电动机来移动输送器械时,该电动机还可以包括用于在电动机和输送器械之间传送功率的机械配件(fitting)。这种类型的配件可以是例如轴、齿轮箱,或者例如电梯的牵引轮。
在根据本发明的一个输送系统中,基于输送器械的负载来确定固态开关的功率损耗。
在本发明中所指的固态开关可以是例如IGBT晶体管、MOSFET晶体管、晶闸管、SCR(可控硅整流器)开关,或者双极晶体管。
根据本发明的电源装置的控制部件可以通过例如利用微处理器编程或者利用可编程逻辑电路来实现,并且还可以利用例如集成的或分立的模拟或数字电子装置来实现。
根据本发明的固态开关的功率损耗的确定可以是单独的或者还可以被全部或者部分地与电源装置的控制部件集成在一起。
根据本发明的电源装置的控制部件的存储器可以是例如半导体存储器,诸如EEPROM存储器。
在交流电源的各相与DC中间电路之间安装有根据本发明的一个网桥。该网桥包括被连接为用于将交流电源的电压整流为DC中间电路的电压的整流桥的二极管。根据本发明的另一网桥另外包括与前述二极管并联连接的可控的固态开关,在此情形下,与前述类型的网桥一起,可以在交流电源和DC中间电路之间双向供电。
电源装置的固态开关的操作造成向负载提供开关频率波动的电流和电压。开关频率及其谐波造成负载中谐振频率振动,其作为声音辐射。该振动还可以例如经由环绕负载的支撑结构而从负载传导到环境。由此,例如电梯提升间中的电梯电动机的噪声可能从提升间传到建筑物中的其他地方,或者例如传到电梯轿厢内部。当根据本发明基于与开关频率对应的负载噪声来选择要使用的开关频率时,可以在没有单独的噪声滤波器的情况下实现安静的负载噪声,或者当另外使用噪声滤波器时,可以实现比现有技术的负载噪声更安静的负载噪声。
电源装置的固态开关的功率损耗随着负载的增加而增加。功率损耗通常被划分为导通损耗和开关损耗。开关损耗随开关的开关频率的增加而增加。在这种情形下,当负载增加时,通过降低开关频率可以降低开关的功率损耗以及开关的温升。当基于对固态开关的功率损耗的确定、按照本发明所表示的对所允许的多个开关频率进行限定(delimit),并且基于与开关频率对应的负载来进一步选择要使用的频率时,可以在大负载的情况下将所允许的开关频率限定地比在小负载的情况下更低。以此方式,可以在每个可能的负载情况下实现可能的最安静的负载噪声。
附图说明
以下,参照附图借助本发明的实施例的几个示例来详细地描述本发明,在附图中,
图1表示根据本发明的电源装置。
图2表示根据本发明的与电动机的不同频率对应的噪声级。
图3表示根据品质因数评估的开关频率。
图4表示作为电源装置的负载的函数的所允许的多个开关频率。
图5表示根据本发明的电动机的电源装置的负载桥的主电路的连接。
图6表示根据本发明的电梯系统。
具体实施方式
图1表示电源装置1。该电源装置连接在电动机2和电网20之间。该电源装置包括连接到电网的各相的网桥5、以及连接到电动机的各相的负载桥4。所述网桥和负载桥通过DC中间电路6,6’彼此连接。负载桥的主电路的连接例如是在图5中表示的类型。该负载桥包括固态可控开关3。所述开关被安装来作为在DC中间电路6,6’的正极性和负极性的中间电路母线之间的切换开关。电动机的各相连接到该切换开关的输出端25。控制部件7将固态切换开关交替地连接到DC中间电路6,6’的正极性6和负极性6’的中间电路母线上,以在电动机的各相中产生可变频率和可变幅度的供电电压。控制部件7被安装来利用脉宽调制以所选择的开关频率控制固态切换开关。
图2表示在不同开关频率处电动机2的噪声。在此情况下,该电动机的电源是例如利用根据图1的电源装置1来布置的。该电动机的噪声被确定为声压量测,在该情况下,所确定的噪声级的单位是dbA。根据图2表示的图形的噪声级具有局部极小点和极大点。确定开关频率8、9、10、11(在这些开关频率8、9、10、11的情况下,噪声级具有局部极小点)、以及与这些开关频率对应的噪声级的极小值16、17、18、19。基于所确定的噪声级,选择其对应的负载噪声级为最小的开关频率,并且将所选择的开关频率设置为电源装置1的控制部件7的开关频率。
在本发明的一个实施例中,该电源装置还包括图5中表示的固态开关3的功率损耗的确定部件13的类型。在该情形下,确定部件13包括对开关的电流的至少一个量测15。该确定部件还可以包括对开关的电压的量测14,但这不是必须的,尤其在电网的电压或者电源装置的中间电路的电压是已知的情况下。另一方面,还可以基于固态开关的温度或者开关的冷却元件的温度来执行该确定。在控制部件7中的存储器中对开关频率8、9、10、11(在这些开关频率8、9、10、11的情况下,噪声级具有局部极小点)、以及与这些开关频率对应的噪声级的局部极小值16、17、18、19进行制表。功率损耗的确定部件13确定一个或多个固态开关的功率损耗。电源装置的控制部件7读取所确定的功率损耗,并且基于所确定的功率损耗从多个被制表的开关频率中限定所允许的多个开关频率10、11。控制部件比较负载的、对应于所允许的开关频率的被制表的噪声级18、19,并且基于该比较,从所允许的多个开关频率中选择与其对应的负载噪声级为最小的开关频率。
还可以对于电动机的相电流(例如对于电源装置的DC中间电路的电流)执行开关的电流的前述量测15。
图3表示根据品质因数Q评估的电源装置的固态开关的开关频率f。在该情形下,可以选择在按照固态开关的负载设置的极限内具有最好的品质因数的开关频率作为要使用的开关频率。
图4中的图形表示作为电源装置的固态开关的负载I的函数的所允许的开关频率f。随着负载的增加,所允许的开关频率的最大值降低。在图上标记了其中负载噪声处于其最大点的开关频率的禁止区域21、22。
图6表示根据本发明的电梯系统。图1中表示的电源装置1的类型被安装到该电梯系统。通过控制电源装置1的固态开关,在电网20和电梯电动机2之间进行供电。电梯电动机2经由连接到电梯电动机的牵引轮的绳索在电梯提升间内移动电梯轿厢22。在本发明的该实施例中,利用其来确定电梯轿厢的负载的负载称重传感器24被安装到电梯轿厢。电源装置的负载依赖于电梯系统中作用的力的不均衡性,使得随着在电梯轿厢和配重之间的不均衡性的增加,电源装置的负载也增加。另一方面,如果电梯系统不具有配重,则电源装置的负载随着电梯轿厢的负载的增加而增加。在本发明的该实施例中,还基于对电梯轿厢的负载的确定来确定电源装置1的固态开关的功率损耗,并且基于对功率损耗的确定来限定电源装置1的固态开关所允许的多个开关频率。从所允许的多个开关频率中选择与其对应的电梯电动机2的噪声级为最小的开关频率以供使用。为此目的,可以通过在电梯提升间中在电梯电动机的附近处放置的麦克风来测量该噪声级,另一方面,还可以例如在电梯轿厢22中测量传送的噪声。
以上借助于本发明的几个示例描述了本发明。对于本领域技术人员而言,很明显,本发明不限于上述的实施例,而是在由所附权利要求书定义的本发明构思的范围内可以有许多其他应用。
Claims (11)
1.一种电源装置(1),其包括至负载(2)的接口;并且该电源装置包括至少一个可控的固态开关(3),用于在所述负载和电源装置之间进行供电;
该电源装置包括控制部件(7),其被安装来以所选择的开关频率(8)控制所述至少一个固态开关(3);
其特征在于,确定至少在两种不同的开关频率(8,9,10,11)处的负载噪声,并且其特征在于,选择所述至少一个固态开关(3)的开关频率使得与所选择的开关频率(8)对应的负载噪声(16)满足选择标准。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电源装置,其特征在于,该电源装置包括所述至少一个固态开关(3)的功率损耗的确定部件(11);该电源装置被安装来确定所述至少一个固态开关的功率损耗并且基于所确定的功率损耗来限定所允许的多个开关频率(10,11);并且其特征在于,该电源装置被安装来从所允许的多个开关频率中选择与其对应的负载噪声(18)满足所述选择标准的开关频率(10)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的电源装置,其特征在于,该电源装置包括网桥(5)和连接到负载(2)的负载桥(4),该负载桥包括可控的固态开关(3),并且该网桥和负载桥利用直流中间电路(6,6’)彼此连接;并且其特征在于,该电源装置包括控制部件(7),其被安装来以所选择的频率控制负载桥(4)的固态开关(3)。
4.根据之前的权利要求中的任一项所述的电源装置,其特征在于,所述控制部件包括存储器,并且其特征在于,在所述控制部件的存储器中记录多个开关频率(8,9,10,11)以及与所述开关频率对应的负载噪声级(16,17,18,19)。
5.根据之前的权利要求中的任一项所述的电源装置,其特征在于,通过比较与至少两个开关频率(8,9,10,11)对应的负载噪声级(16,17,18,19)来选择至少一个固态开关的开关频率,并且其特征在于,基于所述比较,选择与其对应的负载噪声级(16)为最小的开关频率(8)。
6.根据之前的权利要求中的任一项所述的电源装置,其特征在于,所述控制部件被安装来进行以下操作:基于对至少一个固态开关(3)的功率损耗的确定,限定所允许的多个开关频率(10,11),比较与所允许的开关频率对应的负载噪声级(18,19),并且基于所述比较,选择与其对应的负载噪声级(18)为最小的开关频率(10)。
7.根据之前的权利要求中的任一项所述的电源装置,其特征在于,在所述供电期间,重复地选择开关频率(8,9,10,11)。
8.一种输送系统的电源布置,其包括用于移动输送器械的电动机(2);
所述输送系统包括电源装置(1),所述电源装置(1)连接到所述电动机,并且该电源装置包括至少一个可控的固态开关(3),用于在所述电动机(2)和电源装置(1)之间进行供电;并且该电源装置包括控制部件(7),其被安装来以所选择的开关频率控制所述至少一个固态开关;
其特征在于,确定至少在两种不同的开关频率(8,9,10,11)处的电动机噪声,并且其特征在于,选择所述至少一个固态开关(3)的开关频率使得与所选择的开关频率(8)对应的电动机噪声(16)满足选择标准。
9.根据权利要求8所述的输送系统,其特征在于,该电源装置包括至少一个固态开关(3)的功率损耗的确定部件(11);该电源装置被安装来确定所述至少一个固态开关(3)的功率损耗并且基于所确定的功率损耗来限定所允许的多个开关频率(10,11);并且其特征在于,该电源装置被安装来从所允许的多个开关频率中选择与其对应的电动机噪声(18)满足所述选择标准的开关频率(10)。
10.一种控制电源装置的方法,在所述方法中:
-连接负载(2)至电源装置(1);
-将至少一个可控的固态开关(3)安装为所述电源装置;
-以所选择的频率来控制所述至少一个可控的固态开关,用于在所述负载(2)和电源装置(1)之间进行供电;
其特征在于,
-确定至少在两种不同的开关频率(8,9,10,11)处的负载噪声,
-选择所述至少一个固态开关(3)的开关频率使得与所选择的开关频率(8)对应的负载噪声(16)满足选择标准。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,
-确定至少一个固态开关(3)的功率损耗;
-基于对所述至少一个固态开关的功率损耗的确定来限定所允许的多个开关频率(10,11);
-从所允许的多个开关频率中选择开关频率(10),使得与所选择的开关频率(10)对应的负载噪声(18)满足选择标准。
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DE102017202308A1 (de) * | 2017-02-14 | 2018-08-16 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Inverters |
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CN104540760A (zh) * | 2012-08-24 | 2015-04-22 | 三菱电机株式会社 | 电梯的电力变换装置 |
CN104540760B (zh) * | 2012-08-24 | 2016-08-24 | 三菱电机株式会社 | 电梯的电力变换装置 |
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EP2265532A1 (en) | 2010-12-29 |
FI20080270A0 (fi) | 2008-04-07 |
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